Guide toStudyinG& LivinG in AuStrALiAFor North AmericAN StudeNtS

FutureLeader

i CouLd Be AFutureLeAdercongratulations! We’re delighted you’ve decided to study in

Australia. You will be embarking on a journey not only to one of

the world’s most beautiful and fascinating regions, but also on a

journey of self-discovery. Australia is a great place to develop, both

academically and personally. in a country that’s also a continent,

there’s plenty of room to grow.

WiLL

ABout the AuStrAliAN trAde commiSSioNThe Australian Trade Commission (Austrade) is the Australian Government’s trade and investment agency with locations in more than 55 countries. The Austrade Washington office is located in the Embassy of Australia in Washington, DC.

Our role is to foster education and research links between Australia and North America and promote awareness of the education and training opportunities in Australia. We work with students and advisers, institutions, associations, and government and non-government agencies to strengthen these links and opportunities.

To order copies of this guide, contact us at:

Australian Trade Commission 1601 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20036

Email: northamerica@studyinaustralia.gov.au

www.studyinaustralia.gov.au/northamerica

AcknowledgementsAustrade would like to thank ISANA: International Education Association, the Australian Government’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the Department of Immigration and Citizenship for their contributions to this guide.

This project could not have been completed without all the wonderful international student resources that have been developed to support international students and programs throughout Australia. This is specifically to acknowledge the International Student Handbooks and online support services developed by the following education providers from whom examples of ‘best practice’ were sought:

Australian National UniversityCentral Queensland UniversityCharles Darwin UniversityCurtin University of TechnologyGriffith UniversityEducation and Training International WALa Trobe UniversityMacquarie UniversityMonash UniversityEducation Queensland InternationalQueensland University of TechnologySouthbank Institute of TechnologyStudy Queensland

Study VictoriaTAFE NSWTAFE QueenslandAFE South AustraliaUniversity of AdelaideUniversity of MelbourneUniversity of New South WalesUniversity of QueenslandUniversity of South AustraliaUniversity of the Sunshine CoastUniversity of SydneyUniversity of TasmaniaUniversity of Wollongong

In addition, we would like to thank Australian Bankers Association, Australian Taxation Office, and Rotary International Youth Exchange.

© Commonwealth of Australia 2012

This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Commonwealth Copyright Administration, Attorney General’s Department, Robert Garran Offices, National Circuit, Barton ACT 2600 or posted at www.ag.gov.au/copyright.

DisclaimerAustrade does not endorse any of the companies and associations listed in this guide. We are not responsible for the content on third-party websites.

ContentS1.0 About Australia 011.1 Fast facts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 041.2 States and territories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 061.3 Government and politics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06

2.0 Pre-Arrival 092.1 Application step-by-step process model . . . . . . 102.2 Things to do before leaving home . . . . . . . . . 112.3 Upon arrival in Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.4 Arranging visas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.5 Arranging travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.6 What to bring with you to Australia . . . . . . . . 172.7 Entry into Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.8 Getting from the airport . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.9 Money matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.10 Arranging temporary accommodation . . . . . . . 24

3.0 Settling In 273.1 Permanent accommodation . . . . . . . . . . . 283.2 Things to keep in mind when renting . . . . . . . . 303.3 Where can you get help? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.4 Keeping in touch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.5 Shopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.6 Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.7 Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC) . . . . . . 413.8 Types of health care in Australia . . . . . . . . . . 413.9 Medical services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433.10 Managing your finances . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.11 Setting up a bank account . . . . . . . . . . . . 453.12 Travel options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473.13 Within Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473.14 Road rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503.15 Working in Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

4.0 Studying at Your Institution 554.1 Academic year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.2 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.3 Academic expectations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574.4 Course selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634.5 Study preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634.6 Student life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674.7 Quality assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694.8 Recognition of Australian degrees . . . . . . . . . 704.9 Quick guide to key personnel . . . . . . . . . . . 714.10 Education terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

5.0 Social and Cultural 755.1 Adjusting to life in Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 765.2 Culture shock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775.3 Australian culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

5.4 Public holidays and special celebrations . . . . . . 815.5 Sport and recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825.6 Religion and faith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855.7 A greener Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855.8 Entertainment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875.9 Eating out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905.10 Meals in Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925.11 Unique Australian foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

6.0 Returning Home 956.1 Reverse culture shock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966.2 Updating your résumé . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966.3 Alumni networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976.4 Migrating to Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Appendices 101A. Weights and measurements . . . . . . . . . . . 102B. Student property inspection checklist . . . . . . . 103C. Consular help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

HoW to uSe tHiS HAndBookThe information in this handbook has been colour coded in order of urgency or importance for your convenience.

I need to know immediately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I need to know before classes begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I need to go back and remind myself of this as I go through my study. . I need to know before going home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.0ABout AuStrALiA

PhiLanthroPist

1.0 ABout AuStrAliA_01

1.0ABout AuStrALiA1.1 Fast facts1.2 States and territories 1.3 Government and politics

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AuStrALiA exCeLS increAtiNG iNdepeNdeNtlY-miNded GrAduAteS Who Are ABle to thiNk criticAllY.

Conservationist

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AuStrALiA exCeLS increAtiNG iNdepeNdeNtlY-miNded GrAduAteS Who Are ABle to thiNk criticAllY.We don’t just teach students the

answers; we teach them how to ask

the right questions. We have been

teaching international students

for more than 60 years, many of

whom have become government

ministers, leading business people,

researchers, scientists, medical

practitioners and community

leaders all around the world.

Australia is home to some of the world’s leading educational institutions, academics and researchers who are conducting universally acknowledged research that attains the highest standard when measured against international benchmarks.

Our areas of academic excellence include medical and health sciences, physics, chemistry, information technology, Asia-Pacific studies, biotechnology and

astronomy. Australia is also well regarded internationally for its graduates in engineering and business studies, the arts and social sciences.

The success of our alumni underlines the global relevance of an Australian education. Our best-known achievers have won countless international awards, including 14 Nobel Laureates, which is the highest number per head of population of any country.

We also boast a diverse range of education credentials and courses along with an enviable quality of life, and cultural and sporting activities. These add to an all-round learning environment, with plenty of opportunities for students’ aspirations and ambitions.

The Australian education sector is the natural choice for students seeking an education that provides global reach, ongoing growth and development, and ultimately the very best return- on-investment.

Conservationist

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1.1 FASt FActS• Population:almost22million.

• Australiaissituatedinthesouthernhemisphere. Its nearest neighbours to the north are Papua New Guinea and Indonesia (about an eight-hour flight from Sydney). To the east is New Zealand, a three-hour flight away.

• Australiahasthreetime zones: East (GMT + 10), Central (GMT + 9.5) and West (GMT + 8). Sydney is 14 hours ahead of New York City during American Daylight Savings Time.

• TheestimatedflyingtimebetweenLosAngeles or Vancouver and Sydney is just over 13 hours.

• AlmostoneinfourAustralianswasbornoverseas. You’ll meet people from all corners of the globe who have settled in Australia—from Europe to Asia, Africa to the Middle East.

• Australiaisacountryofinnovation.Australian scientists have invented many world-changing technologies including: the black box flight recorder, the heart pacemaker, ultrasound, the influenza vaccine, the bionic ear, wireless internet, Google Maps and spray-on skin for burn victims.

9 hRS

8 hrs

10 hrs

9 hrs

4 hrs

3 hrs

8 hrs

3 hrs4 hrs

5 hrs

HONG KONG

FIJI

NEW ZEALANDBRISBANE

SYDNEYMELBOURNE

PERTH

HOBART

ADELAIDE

DARWIN

THAILANDCAMBODIA

SINGAPORE

JAKARTA

PAPUANEW GUINEA

JAPAN

INDONESIA

the top 10 source countries (by country of origin) of people given Australian citizenship in 2010-11 were the united kingdom, india, the people’s republic of china, the republic of South Africa, New Zealand, the philippines, Sir lanka, the republic of korea, malaysia, and Vietnam.

• AlmostoneinfourAustralianswasbornoverseas. You’ll meet people from all corners of the globe who have settled in Australia—from Europe to Asia, Africa to the Middle East.

• Australiaisacountryofinnovation.Australian scientists have invented many world-changing technologies including: the black box flight recorder, the heart pacemaker, ultrasound, the influenza vaccine, the bionic ear, wireless internet, Google Maps and spray-on skin for burn victims.

the top 10 source countries (by country of origin) of people given Australian citizenship in 2010-11 were the united kingdom, india, the people’s republic of china, the republic of South Africa, New Zealand, the philippines, Sir lanka, the republic of korea, malaysia, and Vietnam.

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1.2 StAteS ANd territorieSBefore you can appreciate all that Australia has to offer, a quick geography lesson will help you understand the layout and makeup of this diverse and beautiful country. It will also help you understand the state or territory where you will be living and the others you plan on visiting while in the ‘land down under’.

Australia has six states and two territories, each with its own distinctive history, personality and attractions. The territories are the Northern Territory (NT) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT); they are partly self-governing, and partly controlled by the federal government. The six states are South Australia (SA), Queensland (QLD), Tasmania (TAS), Victoria (VIC), Western Australia (WA) and New South Wales (NSW).

1.3 GoVerNmeNt ANd politicSEven though you won’t be able to vote while you study in Australia, it’s useful to know what kind of political system you’ll be living in. Like the US and Canada, Australia’s system of government is based on the liberal democratic tradition, which includes religious tolerance, and freedom of speech and association. Its institutions and practices reflect British and American models but they are uniquely Australian.

Parliament The Federal Government has three arms: the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. The legislative branch, also known as Parliament, has two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate.

CANBERRA

BRISBANE

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

PERTH

HOBART

ADELAIDE

DARWIN

In the Australian Parliament, questions can be asked without notice during ‘question time’, when the government and opposition are given equal time to ask questions and to respond. Parliamentary question time and debate is publicly broadcast and this has established Australia’s reputation for robust public debate. This, and wide reporting of the process, also serves as an informal check on executive power.

While you’re in Australia you can visit Parliament House, go on an official tour and watch question time which takes place Monday to Friday from 3-4 pm while Parliament is in session. It’s an experience not to be missed! More information can be found at www.aph.gov.au.

Talking about politicsAttendance at the polls is compulsory for all Australian citizens aged 18 and up. More than 90 per cent of voters cast a ballot.

Although Australians won’t expect you to know much about their politics, they enjoy discussing the politics of the day. They’ll be interested in the American and Canadian political systems and will want to know your opinions on issues like political unrest in the Middle East and climate change. Before you arrive in Australia it’s a good idea to brush up on your political knowledge.

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2.0Pre-ArrivALCeo

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2.0Pre-ArrivAL2.1 Application step-by-step

process model2.2 things to do2.3 upon arrival in Australia2.4 Arranging visas2.5 Arranging travel2.6 What to bring with you to

Australia

2.7 entry into Australia 2.8 Getting from the airport2.9 money matters2.10 Arranging temporary

accommodation

Ceo

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2.1 ApplicAtioN Step-BY-Step proceSS model

STEP 1: Enquire and applySubmit your application

STEP 2: International admissions issues acceptanceReceive an ‘offer of place’

STEP 3: Accept your admissions offerReturn signed forms and fees

STEP 4:International admissions issues enrollmentReceive electronic Confirmation of Enrolment (eCoE) and schedule health insurance (OSHC)

STEP 5: Apply for student visaUS and Canadian citizens can apply online at www.immi.gov.au

STEP 6: Make travel and accommodation arrangements

STEP 7: Arrive in AustraliaArrange transport from airport to accommodation

STEP 8: International student orientationGet ID card, register for classes, and more

STEP 9:Register for OSHC card (if not already included in program costs) and set up bank account and mobile phone

STEP 10: Faculty orientation

STEP 11: Classes begin!

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2.2 thiNGS to do BeFore leAViNG home Apply for passport/make sure passport is valid for entirety of your time

abroad

Arrange student visa

Make contact with your Australian institution

Arrange for immunisations and medications from doctor

Apply for a credit card and/or arrange sufficient funds

Confirm overseas access to your funds with bank

Make travel arrangements

Arrange travel insurance

Advise institution of travel details

Arrange accommodation

Arrange transport from airport to accommodation

Pack bags, making sure to include the following:

Name and contact details of an institutional representative

Enough currency for taxis, buses and phone calls, in the event of an emergency

Important documents

THIS HANDBOOK!

Passport

eCoE

Travel insurance policy

ID cards, driver’s licence, birth certificate (or copy)

Visa confirmation email

Photocopy of credit/debit card(s)

Prescriptions and generic names of medications

Reference letters for potential employers/landlord

NOTE: Make sure you leave any originals or copies of these documents with family in your home country in case of loss.

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2.3 upoN ArriVAl iN AuStrAliA Call home

Settle into accommodation

Contact your institution

Purchase household items and food

Enrol children in school (if applicable)

Attend international student orientation

Get student ID card

Advise health insurance company of address and get card

Open a bank account

Attend faculty/program specific orientation sessions

Get textbooks

Start classes

Apply for tax file number if planning to work

Get involved in student life and associations

My notes:

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2.4 ArrANGiNG ViSAS

Less than three monthsOnce you’ve been accepted into a course of study, you’ll need to arrange for a visa. If your program in Australia is less than three months, you will either need a visitor visa or a tourist Electronic Travel Authority (tourist ETA), not a student visa. ETAs are available to passport holders from a number of countries and regions including Canada and the US. To be eligible for an ETA: you must be a passport holder of an ETA eligible country, must intend to study in Australia for less than three months, meet health and character requirements, and be able to cover the cost of your stay in Australia. Health insurance is not required but recommended. You can apply online at: www.eta.immi.gov.au. There is an AUD$20 (Australian dollars) fee payable by credit card.

If you are not eligible for an ETA, you will need to apply for a tourist visa. See the visitors section (www.immi.gov.au/visitors/tourist/676) of the Australian Government’s Department of Immigration and Citizenship website for details.

On a tourist visa or ETA, you will not be eligible to work while in Australia although limited volunteer work may be permitted.

More than three monthsIf your program is more than three months long or your program is three months but you plan on travelling in Australia afterwards, you will need a student visa. To apply for a student visa, you must be fully enrolled in an Australian institution and receive an ‘electronic Confirmation of Enrolment (eCoE)’ form. This form is issued by the Australian institution you will be attending. This is not to be confused with the initial ‘Congratulations... we have reserved a place for you at ...’ letter.

The eCoE contains information such as the course start date, end date, and other codes used by immigration to issue a student visa. The eCoE form is usually issued after

the Australian institution has received your tuition fees.

To obtain a student visa you must show you have enough money to pay for living expenses, education costs and travel for the duration of study. You may show evidence in the form of student loans or promissory notes from lenders.

Visas are granted for as long as indicated on your eCoE. If you want to extend your study you will need to contact the international office at your Australian institution.

As an international student in Australia, you are bound by the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia, the state in which you reside and the rules of your host university. Failure to adhere to any of these rules may result in the cancellation of your student visa.

How to apply for a student visaAll US and Canadian citizens are eligible to apply online for their student visa using the e-visa online processing website: www.immi.gov.au/e_visa/students.htm.

You must have the following documents in order for the visa to be processed:

• A valid passport. Your passport should be valid for the total period of your stay in Australia, or should have at least six months’ validity at the time of visa application to prevent any travel difficulties. Ensure the personal details listed on your passport (full name, date of birth, etc.) match those in your visa application.

• An electronic Confirmation of Enrolment (eCoE). This is the official letter of acceptance from the Australian institution. You will receive your eCoE either electronically via email, or in some instances via regular postal mail. The eCoE is proof you have been accepted

to an Australian university, have paid the required university tuition, and have obtained the mandatory Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC). You will need to receive your eCoE confirmation before you can apply for your student visa.

• A credit card. Visit www.immi.gov.au/allforms/990i/students-visa-charges.htm for the most up-to-date student visa fee information.

An Australian student visa can be granted a maximum of 12 weeks before your course

commencement date. When you apply online, your visa application is typically processed within five to 10 business days. You will be notified by email when your visa has been granted. Take note of your Transaction Reference Number (TRN). This number, along with your passport number and date of birth, can be used to track the status of your visa application.

If you have questions about your online visa application after it has been submitted, or you would like to find out the status of your visa, you can email the e-visa helpdesk at eVisa.Students.Helpdesk@immi.gov.au.

You may speak directly with an Australian immigration officer by calling 1 613 216 7603 between 10am and 5pm eSt monday to Friday.

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Additional documentation for the student visaIn some circumstances, you may be contacted by the Australian immigration department to provide more information, undergo health and/or character checks or schedule an interview with an immigration officer. If your health is of special significance, or you are likely to enter a healthcare facility, a medical examination will also be required.

When you apply through the e-visa system, you will be prompted at the end of your online application to download medical forms. These forms will contain your transaction reference number and your bio-data information. The forms should be mailed to the appropriate Australian embassy or consulate for processing after completion by your doctor. Further details on health requirements for temporary entry to Australia may be found on www.immi.gov.au/allforms/pdf/1163i.pdf.

Students with citizenship from another country (non-US or non-Canadian)

If you are not a Canadian or American citizen, you may need to submit a paper-based application depending on your nationality and program of study. You may also need to undergo a chest x-ray and medical exam depending on your citizenship. For additional information, visit www.immi.gov.au/students/index.htm.

Questions?If you have specific questions about your student visa application, please contact the Visa and Citizenship Information Service hotline by calling 1 613 216 7603. This service, provided by the Department of Immigration and Citizenship, enables you to speak directly with an information officer.

The Visa and Citizenship Information Service provides the following services:

• AssistancewithqueriesonAustralianvisas, immigration and citizenship.

• Updatesonpendingapplications—ifyou have a pending application with the Department (whether lodged online or at an Australian mission), the Visa and Citizenship Information Service has the ability to provide you with an update on the processing of your application and has the ability to liaise with the relevant processing office (and/or your case officer) to inform them of any changes in your circumstances or urgent situation.

• Statuschecksforonlineapplications.

Visa conditionsIf you are granted a visa, you must abide by its conditions. Failure to comply with these conditions could result in the cancellation of your visa. These conditions include (but are not limited to):

• Completingyourcoursewithintheduration specified in your eCoE.

• Maintainingsatisfactoryacademicprogress.

• MaintainingapprovedOverseasStudentHealth Cover (OSHC) while in Australia.

If you require further assistance after submitting additional documentation, please contact the Visa and Citizenship Information Service by calling 1 613 216 7603 in either the United States or Canada. This service, provided by the Department of Immigration and Citizenship, offers assistance with questions about visas, immigration and citizenship. You can speak directly with an information officer or use the online enquiry form on the website: www.immi.gov.au/contacts/forms/americas.

• Remainingwithyourprincipaleducationprovider for six calendar months, unless issued a letter of release from the provider to attend another institution.

• NotifyingyourAustralianinstitutionof your Australian address and any subsequent changes of address within seven days.

For a full list of mandatory and discretionary student visa conditions please visit www.immi.gov.au/students.

2.5 ArrANGiNG trAVelOnce you have your student or tourist visa, you’ll need to book your flight to Australia. You should try to arrive at least one to two weeks before the start of international student orientation to allow enough time to settle in, adjust to the climate and overcome jet lag.

Major airlines such as Air Canada, Delta, Qantas, United, and Virgin Australia all fly

from either Canada or the US to Australia, usually via Vancouver, San Francisco or Los Angeles. If you book early (more than 21 days in advance) and purchase a non-refundable ticket, you should expect to pay anywhere from USD$1000 to USD$2500 roundtrip. For more flexibility, you can buy an open-ended ticket but it will be more expensive. You may also want to purchase a round-the-world ticket if you’d like to visit a few countries along the way.

A travel agent will be able to advise you of your options. After you purchase your ticket we recommend you get travel insurance that will cover the loss of any belongings.

Air Canada: www.aircanada.com United Airlines: www.united.com Delta: www.delta.com Virgin Australia: www.virginaustralia.com Qantas: www.qantas.com

You can also work with a travel agent to help you get a lower student fare to Australia.

STA Travel: www.statravel.com Travel Cuts: www.travelcuts.com

Flying time to Sydney from los Angeles or Vancouver is just over 13 hours.

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2.6 WhAt to BriNG With You to AuStrAliA

When deciding what to pack, keep in mind baggage allowances in Australia may be less than what you are used to. On international flights into Australia your checked bag should weigh no more than 50 lbs/23 kg to avoid excessive baggage fees. For domestic flights in Australia, your checked bag must be 44 lbs/20 kg or less. Check with your airline for exact baggage restrictions.

If you forget to pack something, like your favourite book or pair of shoes, you’ll be able to buy what you need in Australia but at slightly higher prices than you’d find in the US or Canada.

ClothingSimilar to North American students, Australian students dress informally. Comfort is the name of the game for Aussie students, so be sure and bring along your jeans, t-shirts and flip-flops, which are the norm on campuses. But you may want to pack a suit or dress for more formal occasions like interviews or meetings with employers, graduation ceremonies, dances or balls.

Seasonal considerationsThe seasons in Australia are reversed—think flip flops in January and warm clothes in July. Summer in Australia is from December to February, autumn is from March to May, winter is from June to August and spring is from September to November. For most of the country the hottest months are January and February.

If you arrive in June or July, the coldest months of the Australian year, you may need to bring winter clothes. If your accommodation doesn’t have central heating, you may want to purchase a heating appliance once you arrive.

Prescription medications Like all travel, you’ll need to bring your prescription medications to ensure your good health while you’re abroad. The Therapeutics Goods Administration (TGA) makes the policies on medications entering Australia. If you plan to bring prescription drugs into Australia, it is essential you refer to the TGA website: www.tga.gov.au/consumers/travellers-entering.htm.

You may bring a three-month supply (at the maximum dose recommended by the manufacturer) of TGA-unapproved medicines into Australia in any one importation, provided that:

• Thegoodsarefortheuseinthetreatment of you (the importer) or your immediate family.

• Youdonotsupply(sellorgive)themedicine to any other person.

• Thegoodsdonotcontainacontrolled substance.

• Thegoodsarenotinjectionsthatcontainmaterial of human or animal origin (except insulin).

‘When booking my flight to Australia I was asked, ‘Would you like to fly via New Zealand or Fiji?’ You can bet I said YES in a wholehearted fashion! So I flew over the big pond to Fiji for two weeks, basking in the sun and salt water, kayaking in beautiful turquoise water. The journey continued, and only six hours later I touched down in my home for the next six months: Geelong, Australia.’

Staci Hagen, a political science and Spanish major at Iowa State University, studied abroad at Deakin University.

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• Thetotalquantityofthemedicineimported within a 12-month period does not exceed 15 months supply of the drug (at the maximum dose recommended by the manufacturer).

• Aprescriptionfromaregisteredmedicalpractitioner is held for the goods.

If you need a larger quantity than specified above (more than three months) your doctor will need to apply to the Special Access Scheme by calling +61 2 6232 8111 for an exemption under Section 19 of the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 for the importation of unapproved goods.

In some cases, medication can be mailed to Australia if it is approved by TGA. To learn whether your prescription or medication is approved, you will need to contact the TGA. Contact details are listed on their website, www.tga.gov.au.

Many medications are available in Australia, so another option is to have your prescriptions filled at a pharmacy there. Make a list of the generic names of your medications so that an Australian doctor can write you a prescription for the medicine you need. By planning ahead you can stay healthy and not miss a single opportunity to enjoy everything Australia has to offer.

Adaptors and converters for electronic devicesIf you’re like most people, you’ve probably never considered how many prongs are on the plug of your computer or hairdryer or the voltage they require. Does it really matter? Well, it will while you’re in Australia. The standard voltage for electrical items in Australia is 240 volts. In North America it is generally 110 volts. This means some

NOTE: In the picture, the red dot indicates the switch is on and power is flowing through that socket.

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products will require a transformer as well as a converter. Most laptop computers and chargers for cell phones, mp3 players and digital cameras automatically adjust to 110 or 240 volts. But you will still need to buy an adaptor for the Australian three-prong plug.

Electrical plugs in Australia have three flat pins, one of which is a ground pin. You may need to buy an adaptor or have the plugs changed when you arrive in Australia. Many travel stores in North America will also sell adaptors.

Bringing your computerIf you’re like many students, your computer is your lifeline. You probably use it to complete your university work, access information and to communicate with friends and family. So to ensure that you can bring it with you to Australia, you’ll need to be aware of customs regulations.

Items that you’ve owned and used for more than 12 months before arriving in Australia are allowed in, tax free. Proof of the date of purchase and purchase price may be required, so bring your receipt. You may have to pay a 10 per cent Goods and Services Tax (GST) if your computer is less than 12 months old and costs more than AUD$400. Customs will take into consideration whether or not you intend to take the computer home with you at the conclusion of your studies.

2.7 eNtrY iNto AuStrAliA

Australian immigrationYou’ve just arrived in Australia and you can’t wait to get outside and get started with the next leg of your journey. But when you first arrive, you’ll be required to make your way through Australian immigration. Follow the signs for arriving passengers as you leave the plane. An immigration officer will ask to see your completed incoming passenger card (given to you on the plane) and your

passport. The immigration officer will check your documents and may ask you a few questions about your plans for your stay in Australia. You will not be fingerprinted or photographed upon entry to Australia.

Australian customs and quarantineOnce you have your luggage you’ll go through customs. Be careful about what you bring into Australia. Some items you might bring from overseas can carry pests and diseases that Australia doesn’t have. You must declare ALL food, meat, fruit, plants, seeds, wooden souvenirs, animal or plant materials or their derivatives.

Australia has strict quarantine laws and tough on-the-spot fines, so take declaring items seriously. Every piece of luggage is screened or x-rayed by quarantine officers and detector dog teams. If you fail to declare or dispose of any quarantine items, or make a false declaration, you will get caught. In addition to on-the-spot fines, you could be prosecuted and fined more than AUD$60 000 and risk 10 years in prison. We don’t want this to happen, so be thorough in your declarations. All international mail is also screened.

Some products may require treatment to make them safe. Items restricted because of the risk of pests and disease will be seized and destroyed by the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS).

For more detailed information about bringing in food, animals, plants, animal or plant materials or their derivatives visit www.daffa.gov.au/aqis/travel/entering-australia/cant-take.

2.8 GettiNG From the AirportIf your Australian institution isn’t picking you up at the airport, you’ll need to figure out how to get to your accommodation. Most cities have train or bus links which are

2.0 pre-ArriVAl_20

inexpensive. However, depending on the amount of luggage you’ve brought you might want to splurge on a taxi instead.

From SydneyThe Sydney airport is approximately five miles (8 km) from the city centre or approximately a 15- to 25-minute drive from the central business district, depending on traffic.

Train: Airport Link is a fast and convenient way for you to reach the centre of Sydney. Trains run approximately every 10 minutes, and the journey into the city takes only 13 minutes. The international and domestic rail stations link directly to the city circle, which means most city destinations are within a short walk of stations.

Tickets can be purchased to all Sydney stations from the international and domestic rail stations. Simply catch the train from the international or domestic stations to Central Station and change for all suburban services. Cost for a one-way ticket is around AUD$12.

For more information on fares, maps and travel planners visit www.airportlink.com.au or phone +61 2 8337 8417.

Public bus: Sydney Buses has a service between Bondi Junction and Burwood, which includes the T1 International and T3 Domestic Terminals in the route. Clearly-marked bus stops are located on the arrivals level of each of these terminals. Find information about fares, timetables and connections to other parts of Sydney at www.sydneybuses.info.

Shuttle bus: Several operators are available and will drive a group of passengers to the city and deliver them to their hotels. A typical charge is AUD$13 per passenger. Visit www.sydneyairportshuttle.com.au for more information.

Taxi: Taking a taxi is a convenient way to get to your final destination. Look for the sheltered taxi ranks outside each terminal. You can expect to pay approximately:

Sydney City AUD $25 Liverpool AUD $40

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North Sydney AUD$35 Manly AUD$50 Cronulla AUD$35 Parramatta AUD$75

From CanberraThe airport is approximately a 15-minute drive from the city.

Shuttle bus: Deane’s Buslines operates the shuttle bus between Canberra city and the airport. Fares start at AUD$7 one-way. Visit www.deanestransitgroup.com.au.

Taxi: Costs approximately AUD$14 one-way to the city.

From MelbourneThe airport is approximately a 25-minute drive from the city centre.

Shuttle bus: A cheap option is taking a shuttle bus from the airport. Skybus offers a shuttle bus service from the airport to Melbourne city centre and city hotels. This service oper ates 24 hours, seven days a week. Buses run every 10-15 minutes throughout the day and every 30-60 minutes overnight. Adult one-way tickets cost AUD$15/AUD$24 return. For more information contact +61 3 9335 2811 or visit www.skybus.com.au.

Taxi: Taxis are available from the ground-floor level of Melbourne Airport, outside the inter national terminal and both domestic terminals. The one-way cost from the airport to the city centre is around AUD$40-$45.

From AdelaideThe airport is approximately a 15-minute drive from the city.

Public bus: Adelaide Metro’s Jetbus offers fares starting at AUD$3.50 one-way. Visit www.adelaidemetro.com.au/routes/jetbus.

Shuttle bus: Skylink offers fares starting at AUD$7.50 one-way. Visit www.skylinkadelaide.com.

Taxi: Costs approximately AUD$16 one-way to the city.

From PerthThe airport is approximately a 20-minute drive from the city centre.

Public bus: There are several city bus options into Perth. Bus 36 runs weekdays and weekends from the Esplanade Busport, Perth city to Midland via the domestic terminals. Bus 37 runs weekday and weekend services from Kings Park to the domestic terminals, via Perth city. This service also connects with the Victoria Park Transfer Station and Belmont Forum Shopping Centre, allowing connections with other Transperth services. Bus 40 runs weekday and weekend services from the Esplanade Busport, and Perth city to the domestic terminals. Visit www.perthairport.com.

Shuttle bus: City shuttle bus service operates between Perth city centre and terminal 2. Buses depart within 30 minutes of baggage collection of each domestic arrival. Fares start at AUD$15 adult one-way. Visit www.perthairport.com.

Taxi: Costs approximately AUD$25 to $30 one-way to the city centre.

From DarwinThe airport is approximately a 20-minute drive from the city.

Shuttle bus: The Airport Shuttle bus travels between the airport and Darwin city accommodation sites regularly throughout the day and night (including flights arriving after midnight), with other locations on request. Fares are sold for one-way or return trips and tickets can be purchased in the baggage reclaim hall. Fares start at AUD$10 one-way and AUD$18 return. Visit www.darwinairportshuttle.com.au.

Taxi: Costs approximately AUD$25 to $30 one-way to the city.

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From CairnsThe airport is approximately a 10-minute drive from the city.

Shuttle bus: Australia Coach/Sun Palm Express operates airport shuttle bus services to hotels, city centre, northern beaches, Palm Cove, Port Douglas and Cape Tribulation. The pick-up point is immediately in front of the arrivals area at both terminals and there is an information desk within the terminal, which if not staffed has a direct-dial telephone. Visit www.cairnsairport.com.

Taxi: Costs approximately AUD$15 one-way to Cairns city. Other destinations include:

Holloways Beach AUD$32 Kewarra Beach AUD$51 Yorkeys Knob AUD$40 Clifton Beach AUD$53 Trinity Beach AUD$49 Palm Cove AUD$61

From Brisbane The airport is approximately a 30-minute drive from the city.

Train: AirTrain services depart regularly outside both terminals to Brisbane city and the Gold Coast. Adult one-way fares start from AUD$10 to the city or AUD$18 to the Gold Coast. Visit www.airtrain.com.au.

Shuttle bus: Coachtrans operate between Brisbane city and the airport. Adult one-way fares start from AUD$12. Visit www.coachtrans.com.au.

Taxi: Costs approximately AUD$35 one-way to the city.

From HobartThe airport is approximately a 20-minute drive from the city.

Shuttle bus: Airporter Shuttle Bus operates buses from Hobart city to the airport. Adult one-way fares start from AUD$10. Visit www.redlinecoaches.com.au.

Taxi: Costs approximately AUD$35 one-way to the city.

2.9 moNeY mAtterSYou should read this section carefully, and discuss the issues raised here with your bank or financial institution in the US or Canada before you leave for Australia. All banks operate differently and you should be aware of all fees, charges, ease of access to your funds and safety as it pertains to the way you will access those funds.

How much money to bringYou’re probably wondering how much money to bring to cover upfront costs like transportation and temporary

2.0 pre-ArriVAl_23

accommodation. Plan to bring approximately AUD$1500 to AUD$2000 for the first two to three weeks. You should bring most of this money as either traveller’s cheques or on a credit card you can use overseas. Traveller’s cheques can be cashed at any bank or currency exchange in Australia, but not at shops or grocery stores.

Don’t bring large sums of money with you! Lost credit cards or traveller’s cheques can be replaced but very few travel insurance companies will replace lost or stolen cash. Do not ask someone you have just met to handle your cash for you or to take your cash to make payments for you—not even someone who may indicate they are studying at the same educational institution.

CurrencyAustralian notes are made from polymer (plastic) and carry colourful designs. The notes feature optically variable devices as a deterrent to counterfeiting.

There are no 1c or 2c coins since these have been taken out of circulation. Items are priced down to single cents (for example $2.99) but when you pay, the total will be rounded up or down to the nearest five cents. Thus $2.99 becomes $3.00, and $12.42 becomes $12.40.

Currency exchangeThe Australian Dollar exchange rate can vary over short periods of time, so be sure to check the current exchange rate at www.xe.com.

Electronic transferThere are numerous ways to get cash while you’re in Australia. You’ll have to decide which makes the most sense for you. If you open an Australian bank account you can transfer money from your home bank account by electronic telegraph or telegraphic transfer. Check with your US or Canadian bank on how to set up this service before you leave for Australia. Money can be

transferred in as little as 48 hours, but the bank will charge a fee on every transaction.

ATMsATMs are located everywhere—including the airport—and you can immediately withdraw cash from your overseas bank account at ATMs displaying the Cirrus logo (if your ATM card has international access). Check with your financial institution before leaving home to make sure your ATM card will work overseas.

Most Australian banks do not charge for using an Australian ATM, but your bank back home may charge a withdrawal fee. Many US and Canadian banks will have arrangements with banks overseas to waive ATM fees. Check with your local bank to get information on relationships your bank might have with overseas institutions. For example, Bank of America and Scotiabank customers can use Westpac ATMs in Australia without being charged a fee.

Credit cards The most commonly accepted credit cards are MasterCard, Visa, Bankcard, American Express, Diners International and their affiliates. MasterCard and Visa are the most widely accepted, while some other cards, including American Express, may incur a surcharge when used at certain retailers. Discover Card is not accepted in Australia. Most businesses accept credit cards as payment, but may set a minimum credit card purchase of AUD$10 or $15. It is not necessary (or encouraged) to carry large amounts of cash with you. However, check with your credit card company about any fees they may charge for foreign transactions.

More information about opening a bank account can be found on page 45.

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2.10 ArrANGiNG temporArY AccommodAtioNWhere will I live? It’s probably an important question on your mind. The international office at your Australian institution can provide advice on accommodation options for both temporary and long-term accommodation. Each institution will have different arrangements and policies regarding international student housing. For more information please refer to pages 28-29.

Temporary accommodationIn general, the idea that you ‘get what you pay for’ holds true when it comes to accommodation in Australia. Generally, the price you pay for accommodation will determine its quality. It can be expensive to stay in a good quality motel or hotel for a long period of time.

Hostels Backpacker accommodation—including hostels—is relatively inexpensive in Australia. Hostels are similar to hotels. Hostels will sometimes offer use of a kitchen, internet, and other facilities. Generally hostels will have different-sized rooms for you to choose from, ranging from a few people staying in one room to many. There may also be the option for co-ed or not, so be sure to look at the details of available rooms when booking. Although you won’t have your own room in a hostel, they usually offer small lockers you can use to hold your valuables, provided you have your own lock.

For information on backpacker accommodation in Australia visit www.yha.com.au, www.hostelaustralia.com or www.hostelworld.com.

Staying with friends or family Staying with family or friends is ideal if you have this option. What better way to learn about Australia and its culture than from

trusted people who know the ins and outs and have your best interests at heart? Your friends or family can provide advice, support and encouragement in your first days in Australia. However, if you are under the age of 18 you must obtain approval from your education provider first.

My notes:

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trusted people who know the ins and outs and have your best interests at heart? Your friends or family can provide advice, support and encouragement in your first days in Australia. However, if you are under the age of 18 you must obtain approval from your education provider first.

My notes:

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3.0SettLinG in

entrePren

eur

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3.0SettLinG in3.1 permanent

accommodation3.2 things to keep in mind

when renting 3.3 Where can you get help?3.4 keeping in touch3.5 Shopping3.6 health 3.7 overseas Student health

cover (oShc)

3.8 types of health care in Australia

3.9 medical services3.10 managing your finances3.11 Setting up a bank account 3.12 travel options3.13 Within Australia3.14 road rules3.15 Working in Australia

entrePren

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3.1 permANeNt AccommodAtioN

Choosing where to live Although slipping on your flip flops and making a short walk to campus sounds appealing, it is not always possible, and that convenience is often determined by the availability and cost of accommodation. Students frequently discover it is more cost-effective to live further from the campus but closer to shops and public transport.

Types of accommodation On campus ($$$)

You will probably find Australian campus life and housing is different to what you are used to in North America. Most Australian institutions offer on-campus accommodation for international and local students, sometimes called colleges. However, few Australian students choose to live on campus. Most Australian students prefer to share an apartment with others off campus or live with their families until they graduate from university.

If you choose to live on campus, you should contact your Australian on-campus housing office before arriving in Australia for more information. In on-campus accommodation you can expect to have your own bedroom, but students may share common areas like a living room and a kitchen (if furnished) with a number of other students. If you don’t relish the thought of cooking your own meals, don’t worry, you’re not doomed to delivery pizza every night, as some on-campus accommodation includes access to dining halls where students can eat most—if not all—of their daily meals.

Accommodation and meal options vary from institution to institution, and even from campus to campus. If you wish to live on campus you should arrange this with your Australian university or program provider before you leave.

Off campus ($$$)

If you are looking for a more authentic Australian living experience, there are off-campus options where you can familiarise yourself with the culture and lifestyle.

Homestay or farmstay ($$$)

What better way to experience the Australian lifestyle in a natural and friendly way than by living with Australians in their homes? Homestay is popular with younger students and those studying short-term English courses. Meals are usually included in the cost. Single or shared rooms may be offered in a home and the cost will vary accordingly. Self-catering homestay is sometimes available cheaply. Farmstay offers the same services in a rural or regional setting.

Institutions maintain a register of families prepared to board international students during the academic year. Education institutions ensure homestay families are reputable and that they offer accommodation of a reasonable standard.

Hostels and guest houses ($)

Hostels are usually run by organisations like Youth Hostels Australia and the YMCA. Students share kitchen and bathroom facilities. Please refer to page 24.

Shared accommodation ($$) and rental accommodation ($$$$)

A common option at North American universities you are likely familiar with is shared accommodation, where students share an apartment or a house with fellow students. Rooms for rent are advertised on notice boards and in newspapers. Students may have to provide their own furniture.

When renting a house, apartment, or studio (called a ‘bed sitter’ in Australia), landlords

© Tourism Australia

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Off campus ($$$)

If you are looking for a more authentic Australian living experience, there are off-campus options where you can familiarise yourself with the culture and lifestyle.

Homestay or farmstay ($$$)

What better way to experience the Australian lifestyle in a natural and friendly way than by living with Australians in their homes? Homestay is popular with younger students and those studying short-term English courses. Meals are usually included in the cost. Single or shared rooms may be offered in a home and the cost will vary accordingly. Self-catering homestay is sometimes available cheaply. Farmstay offers the same services in a rural or regional setting.

Institutions maintain a register of families prepared to board international students during the academic year. Education institutions ensure homestay families are reputable and that they offer accommodation of a reasonable standard.

Hostels and guest houses ($)

Hostels are usually run by organisations like Youth Hostels Australia and the YMCA. Students share kitchen and bathroom facilities. Please refer to page 24.

Shared accommodation ($$) and rental accommodation ($$$$)

A common option at North American universities you are likely familiar with is shared accommodation, where students share an apartment or a house with fellow students. Rooms for rent are advertised on notice boards and in newspapers. Students may have to provide their own furniture.

When renting a house, apartment, or studio (called a ‘bed sitter’ in Australia), landlords

© Tourism Australia

require rent to be paid in advance and will require a security bond equal to one month’s rent. For help finding shared or rental accommodation try www.domain.com.au, www.flatmatefinders.com.au, www.gumtree.com.au and http://geo.craigslist.org/iso/au.

‘If your program does not allow you to choose your housing or you opt for a housing option that is predominantly study abroad students, you should still try to become as integrated into the culture as possible. I would suggest branching out of your ‘comfort zone’ and finding places that are not so touristy. Hostels tend to have pubs and such that are infested with non-Australians, so when travelling, avoid these places and ask the front desk workers where you can get a more authentic experience. Australians in general are some of the nicest people I’ve ever met, so if you make the effort, you are guaranteed to meet some amazing people.’

Kerry Leuschel, an education major at Indiana University, studied abroad at the University of Adelaide.

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3.2 thiNGS to keep iN miNd WheN reNtiNG

Security deposit (bond)Looking for the perfect apartment to call home during your stay in Australia? Before you sign a lease you’ll need upwards of AUD$1500 for a security deposit or a bond, which is set at about four weeks rent. As long as you care for your temporary home and clean it before you leave, you should get your money back when you vacate. Depending on your situation, you may also have to pay cleaners to clean the apartment. If your apartment is not clean, the landlord has a legal right to keep the security deposit. Otherwise, the landlord must return the security deposit within a month after you leave.

Inspection of propertyBefore you move into your ‘home away from home’, cover your back by joining your landlord for an inspection of the property. This is your chance to document the items that are in the property and any damage that may exist. This is done with a list of furniture and fittings in each room of the property so you can agree on the condition of the property when you begin living there. It’s important for you to note on this document anything you notice during the inspection that is not already listed, and to keep a copy signed by both you and the landlord. Once you’re the tenant, the condition of these things will be your responsibility. A condition report will be done again at the end of your tenancy and the final condition of the property will determine the return of your full security deposit. If this inspection is not suggested, you might suggest it yourself as a means of ensuring fair treatment for all parties involved. Refer to Appendix B on page 103 for an inspection of property checklist.

UtilitiesUnless someone is already living in the dwelling, you, as the new tenant, must organise utility services such as telephone, electricity and gas. You will need to contact each individual company and arrange for the services to be connected from a specified date. The companies providing these utilities also require a small security deposit.

Utility One will help you by arranging your phone, electricity, gas, internet and pay TV, at no cost. For more information visit www.utilityone.com.au or phone 13 18 19. You

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can get the process started straight away by clicking the ‘Connect Me NOW’ icon on their homepage. Fees will vary depending on the state or territory you are in, and whether you are in a city or regional area.

RestrictionsThe lease may contain restrictions, such as not permitting animals or children in

the dwelling. Ask the landlord about the particular requirements for the property. Make sure you know and understand these restrictions before signing the lease. If you don’t obey the restrictions on the lease the landlord can ask you to leave.

3.3 Where cAN You Get help?New South WalesThe Tenants Union of New South Wales www.tenants.org.au

VictoriaThe Tenants Union of Victoriawww.tuv.org.au Consumer Affairs Victoriawww.consumer.vic.gov.au

South Australia Office of Consumer Affairswww.ocba.sa.gov.au

TasmaniaDepartment of Health and Human Services Tasmaniawww.dhhs.tas.gov.au

Northern TerritoryNorthern Territory Governmnetwww.nt.gov.au/

Western AustraliaTenants Advice Service for Western Australiawww.taswa.org

QueenslandThe Tenants Union of Queenslandwww.tuq.org.au/wpAchieving Fair Rental Outcomes in Queenslandwww.rta.qld.gov.au

Australian Capital TerritoryTenants Union ACTwww.tenantsact.org.au

My notes:

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3.4 keepiNG iN touch

Emergency telephone numbersIn Australia dial 000 from any phone for fire, police or ambulance services. You also can dial 112 from your mobile phone. Dialling 112 will override key locks on mobile phones and therefore save time. These numbers are the equivalent of dialling 911 in the US or Canada.

Public telephonesAustralia has an extensive network of public phones. They are easily recognised by the orange and blue Telstra emblem. The cost of local calls is AUD50c, with most phones accepting coins and prepaid telephone cards. Long distance call charges vary depending on time of day and distance. Check with one of the many service providers about discounted times to make calls, often on evenings and Sundays.

Phone cardsPre-paid international telephone cards offer competitive calling rates to all countries 24-hours per day. You can buy these in North America from companies such as AT&T (www.consumer.att.com/prepaidcard) and Sprint (www.sprint.com).

In Australia, you buy PhoneAway cards from phone provider shops, post offices and most newsagents. Calling to and from Australia with a phone card is a cheap way to reach friends and family. With some cards you’ll pay as little as one cent a minute.

To make international phone calls

Dial international access code (0011) + the country code + the area code (if required) + phone number.

To call the US or Canada from Australia

Dial 0011 +1 + area code + phone number.

To make domestic phone calls

Dial the area code + phone number.

Area Code States

(02) ACT, NSW

(03) VIC, TAS

(07) QLD

(08) SA, WA, NT

WA

NTQLD

SA

NSW

VICCANBERRA

BRISBANE

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

PERTH

HOBART

ADELAIDE

DARWIN

Visit www.whitepages.com.au and www.yellowpages.com.au for directories of residential, commercial and government phone numbers in Australia and for a list of country codes and area codes for international calls.

Calling Australia from overseasTo contact Australia from the US or Canada, dial the international access code (011), then Australia’s country code prefix (61), followed by the area code without the first zero (for instance, Sydney would be 2 instead of 02). Then dial the required number.

Be sure you are aware of the time difference between North America and Australia so you aren’t waking up your friends and family!

If you need help with dialling internationally or making sure you are calling at appropriate hours, visit this website: www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/dialing.html.

Example: international access number 011 +61 2 9999 9999

Time zonesWestern Standard Time (AWST) - GMT+8 hours

Western Australia

Central Standard Time (ACST) - GMT+9:30 hours

South Australia Northern Territory

Eastern Standard Time (AEST) - GMT+10 hours

Queensland New South Wales Australian Capital Territory Victoria Tasmania

World Clock: www.timeanddate.com/worldclock.

All states and territories except Queensland, Western Australia, and Northern Territory observe Daylight Savings Time. Be sure to make a note of this if you are studying in these regions. Daylight Savings Time turns clocks one hour forward, or ‘springs ahead’ during the spring (typically in October), and ‘falls back’ one hour in the fall (typically in April). This happens on specific dates each year, so make sure to keep this in mind if you study in a state which observes Daylight Savings Time. For more information, visit http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time.

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+8UTC

+9.5UTC

+10UTC

CANBERRA

BRISBANE

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

PERTH

HOBART

ADELAIDE

DARWIN

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Mobile/cell phonesJust like in North America, your cell phone is ideal for staying connected to your new Australian friends and your family back home. If your cell phone (aka mobile) is a ‘quad band’ or GSM phone, it will work in Australia. However, all the calls you make will be subject to roaming charges. Rather than blowing your budget on roaming fees, consider purchasing a SIM card from an Australian mobile phone company.

If you don’t have a quad band phone, it is relatively inexpensive to buy a cell phone connected to a prepaid service. A basic phone will normally set you back less than AUD$50.

Be a savvy consumer and shop around for the best deal. You’ll find they vary widely. Some mobile service providers offer call rates to the US or Canada for the same price as a phone call to someone just around the block from you in Australia! Also, you do not pay for receiving incoming calls on your cell phone in Australia.

For a comparison of mobile phone plans in Australia see:

www.mobiles.com.au www.optus.com.au www.telstra.com www.vodafone.com.au www.three.com.au www.dodo.com.au www.virginmobile.com.au www.crazyjohns.com.au www.boost.com.au

Computer and internet access Many of the above companies will also provide internet access. Put your keen student research skills into action and you may find you can get cheaper rates if you have internet and mobile phone service with one provider. For example, Telstra and Optus offer package deals for home phone, internet and mobile phone.

Internet usage isn’t charged the same in Australia like it is in North America—usually a per-month unlimited usage fee. In Australia, it is common to be charged for how much usage you have in a set amount of time. Be sure to ask your Australian university or internet provider for more information. This is especially important if you plan on bringing items like a webcam.

You probably won’t need to worry about access to email as most Australian universities will provide it for free. Normally you will be given an email address soon after enrolment (registration) and it is a great way to stay in touch with family and your new Australian friends. If you don’t have one already, sign up for a web-based email account such as Gmail or Yahoo.

Wireless internet isn’t as common in Australia as in North America. If you are sharing an apartment, you could consider signing up to a wireless internet provider such as Unwired, Big Pond, or Vivid Wireless for wireless broadband internet access in your home. You can also buy a mobile broadband connection that plugs into a USB drive through a mobile phone provider.

Voice Over InternetStudents everywhere love a good bargain, and finding an inexpensive way to stay in touch with folks at home is no exception. The cheapest way to make international calls is voice over internet using a company like Skype, Phone.com, or Vonage. All you need is a computer with a built-in microphone or webcam and internet access. An external microphone or webcam can be purchased for a nominal fee if your computer doesn’t have this hardware.

Voice over Internet offers several options for calling home:

Phones and mobiles: This option lets you make domestic and international calls to both landlines and cell phones for an average of 2.1 cents per minute on the

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pay-as-you-go system. If you plan on calling home frequently while in Australia, some providers offer a monthly unlimited plan.

Video chat: Have your friends and family also install Skype or Google video chat on their computers. When both ends of the call are using these services, you can talk from your computer for free.

Australia PostSending souvenirs home can be a great way to share your Australian experience with your loved ones. And it’s just as nice to receive things sent from home. Australia Post delivers mail once a day from Monday through Friday. For larger parcels, a card will be left in your letter box for you to take to your nearest post office for collection. The postal service is reliable and efficient with next-day delivery within the same city. Most post offices are open from 9 am to 5 pm Monday to Friday. Australia Post stores sell stationery, post bags, phone cards and stamps. You can also pay your electricity, rent, telephone bills and some other accounts at a post office.

There are many options to send letters and parcels back home. Visit www.austpost.com.au for details.

3.5 ShoppiNGDid someone say shopping? Hang onto your wallets because great shopping abounds in the ‘land down under’! Australians, like many North Americans, like to shop. This is evident in the huge variety of local and international brand shops and the crowds that gather at clearance sales. Big cities can satisfy most consumer appetites with everything from high-fashion boutiques to second-hand shops. Many smaller places tend towards specialty retail like home-grown produce, antiques and arts and crafts.

You’ll find the shopping in different cities is as unique as the people in them. Many Australian cities have really interesting

shopping and eating strips in different neighbourhoods, especially in the inner suburbs. Be sure to check out places like Brunswick Street in Fitzroy (Melbourne), Oxford Street in Paddington (Sydney), Ann and Brunswick Streets intersection in Fortitude Valley (Brisbane) and Oxford Street in Leederville (Perth).

Most cities and towns have a shopping centre in the central business district with big chain stores like Kmart, Myer, David Jones, Target and grocery stores. In the suburbs of major cities, you’ll find big shopping mall complexes with heaps of stores where you can buy clothing, electronics and home goods. To find a shopping mall near you visit www.westfield.com.au/westfield-centres.

Don’t worry if you left something behind when you packed for your trip to Australia. You’ll be able to buy almost anything available in North America. However, some items—including clothing, make-up and personal electronics (laptops, mp3 players)—are more expensive in Australia so you may want to bring them with you.

In addition to the traditional stores, Australia has many markets. Markets are a great place to find bargains and most cities have at least one permanent market, such as Hobart’s Salamanca Market. Melbourne and Sydney have a couple; try the Queen Victoria Market in Melbourne or Paddy’s Market in Sydney. Alternative markets on the New South Wales north coast, like the ones around the Byron Bay hinterland, are also worth a visit.

Where to shop Some items make more sense to buy in Australia, rather than trying to squeeze them into your luggage. When you arrive you’ll probably need to purchase a few necessities like linens, a hairdryer, school supplies and groceries. Below is a useful guide on where to find what you might need. If you can’t find these shops where you are, just ask the locals where they go!

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Fashiondesigner

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Department stores

Myerwww.myer.com.au A mid-range department store, similar to Macy’s in the US, or The Bay in Canada. At Myer you can find clothing, homewares and personal electronics (hair dryer, small appliances).

David Joneswww.davidjones.com.au A high-end department store, similar to Nordstrom’s or Bloomingdale’s in the US or Holt Renfrew in Canada. You can find designer clothing, cosmetics, homewares and electronics.

Discount stores

Kmart www.kmart.com.au Similar to the US chain Target or Canadian chain Zellers. Kmart merchandise includes home entertainment goods; homewares, like linens, furniture, kitchenware and small appliances; sporting goods; stationery; books and CDs; cosmetics; clothing; and footwear.

Targetwww.target.com.au Target Australia is 100 per cent Australian owned and has no affiliation with Target Corporation US, although it uses similar branding. Target sells similar low-cost items as Kmart.

Big Wwww.bigw.com.au Similar to the US chain Wal-Mart. Big W sells similar low-cost items as Kmart.

Pharmacies/Chemists

Neighbourhood ChemistsPharmacies in Australia are mostly independently-owned by pharmacists, often operated as franchises of retail brands.

My Chemistwww.mychemist.com.au My Chemist is a group of independent pharmacies located in NSW, VIC and SA.

Chemmart www.chemmart.com.au There are over 220 Chemmart pharmacies across Australia. Chemmart has its own brand of cough and cold medicines, vitamins, pain relievers, and skin and sun care, in addition to retail brands.

Bookstores

Dymockswww.dymocks.com.auFull-service bookstore stocking books, music CDs, DVDs and other related items.

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Office supplies

Officeworkswww.officeworks.com.auBased on the US chain Office Depot. General office supplies, stationery, electronics, copying services.

Electronics

JB HiFiwww.jbhifi.com.auAustralian CD, DVD, Blu-ray disc, video game and consumer electronics chain store.

Dick Smithwww.dicksmith.com.auConsumer electronics store selling home electronics like TVs, DVD players, computers and stereos. Also sells batteries, digital cameras, flash memory devices and radios.

Harvey Normanwww.harveynorman.com.auLarge Australian-based retailer of electrical, computer, furniture, entertainment and bedding goods.

Home improvement

Bunnings Warehousewww.bunnings.com.auSimilar to Home Depot. Australia’s largest hardware chain.

Grocery shoppingGrocery shopping in Australia is a foodie’s paradise. You will find you can buy almost everything in major Australian supermarkets. However, many Australians will shop at specialty stores to buy their groceries. If you appreciate fresh fruits and vegetables, your best bet is to go to the local ‘fruit and veg’ shop. Often the produce will be better quality and less expensive than in major supermarket chains. And if you’re searching

for the perfect juicy steak, the local butcher is the place for meat. When your mouth is watering for fresh bread or a pastry, a stop at the local bakery is a must. Baker’s Delight and Brumby’s are local favourites.

Here are the major grocery store chains in Australia. Most websites have a store locator so you can find the store nearest you.

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Grocery stores

Woolworthswww.woolworths.com.au Woolworths is the largest supermarket chain in Australia. It is colloquially known as ‘Woolies’. Some stores sell liquor/beer in addition to groceries. In Victoria, Woolworths is known as Safeway.

Coles www.coles.com.auThe second-largest supermarket chain in Australia.

Bi-Lo www.bilo.com.au A budget supermarket chain selling discounted groceries and bulk items.

IGA Australiawww.iga.net.au Independent grocery stores located throughout Australia, often found in local neighbourhoods.

Franklinswww.franklins.com.au/stores Mid-sized discount supermarkets in metropolitan and regional NSW.

Ritchieswww.ritchies.com.auAustralia’s largest independent supermarket and liquor chain. Locations in VIC, NSW and QLD.

© Tourism Australia

Business hours Store trading hours in Australia are regulated by individual states and territories. As a general rule, business hours for shops in Australia are Monday through Friday, 8 am–5:30 pm. Usually stores will stay open until 9 pm on Thursdays or Fridays for late-night shopping. On weekends, expect stores to close as early as 6 pm.

Large retail chains and grocery stores are often open from 8 am to 9 pm and sometimes midnight in large Australian cities. Don’t waste your time looking for a 24-hour-a-day shop, as they are quite rare—although locals know that some inner-city grocery stores in Sydney and Melbourne are open around-the-clock.

Banks are generally open Monday through Thursday 9 am to 4 pm, and on Friday from 9 am to 5 pm.

Stores are closed on Christmas Day, Good Friday and Easter Sunday.

3.6 heAlth

Emergencies—dial 000 The triple zero (000) service is the quickest way to get the right emergency service to help you. It should be used to contact police, fire or ambulance services in life threatening or emergency situations only. Dialing 000 is like calling 911 in the US or Canada.

State Emergency ServiceThe State Emergency Service (SES) is an emergency and rescue service that provides assistance in natural disasters, rescues, road crashes and extreme weather conditions. It is made up almost entirely of volunteers and operates in all states and territories in Australia. For emergency assistance in a flood, storm or fire, dial 132 500.

LifelineLifeline’s 13 11 14 service is staffed by trained volunteer telephone counsellors who are ready to take calls 24-hours a day, any day of the week. These volunteers operate from Lifeline Centres in every state and territory around Australia. Lifeline counsellors are trained to offer emotional support in times of crisis or when callers may be feeling low or in need of advice.

Poisons Information LineThe Australia-wide Poisons Information Centres have a common telephone number: 131 126. The poisons information line provides the public with prompt, up-to-date and appropriate information and advice to assist in the management of poisonings and suspected poisonings.

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3.7 oVerSeAS StudeNt heAlth coVer (oShc)Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC) is insurance that provides coverage for the costs of medical and hospital care international students may need while in Australia. OSHC is mandatory for international student visa holders. OSHC will also cover the cost of emergency ambulance transport and most prescription drugs.

How do I get OSHC? Your Australian host university or program provider will instruct you regarding its OSHC procedures. In most cases, you’ll pay the OSHC premium for the first period of your study in Australia, along with course fees, to your host university or to that university’s agent. The university will then send your premium to your insurance provider and set up coverage.

On the other hand, you may be required to send the premium directly to the insurance provider. Your Australian university will supply all of this information.

Most Australian education institutions have a preferred OSHC provider, so again we encourage you to check with your institution.

Please visit the appropriate OSHC provider website to obtain a rate.

OSHC providersMedibank Private: www.medibank.com.au

OSHC Worldcare: www.oshcworldcare.com.au

BUPA OSHC: www.overseasstudenthealth.com

Australian Health Management: www.ahm.com.au

Further information on OSHC can be found at: www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/health-privatehealth-consumers-ovc.htm.

If you come to Australia for three months or less on a tourist visa (not a student visa) you will not be eligible for OSHC. It is wise to purchase travel or private medical insurance in this case.

What am I covered for? OSHC provides a safety net for medical expenses for international students, similar to that provided to Australians through Medicare. Additionally, OSHC includes access to some private hospitals and day surgeries, ambulance coverage and benefits for pharmaceuticals.

How do I use my OSHC card? If you need to visit a doctor or medical centre, show your card at the end of the visit. You’ll be charged the doctor’s fee. You may also be charged the government fee component. If you are charged the government fee, pay the total amount, keep the receipt and you can claim the government fee back from your OSHC provider.

3.8 tYpeS oF heAlth cAre iN AuStrAliAHealth care in Australia is both private and public. Should you get sick or need a doctor, it is important to understand the range of care you can access.

Public systemThe major provider of healthcare services in Australia is the Public Health System (Medicare). The Public Health System provides a comprehensive free-of-charge healthcare service for all Australian citizens covering both hospital-based and community-based medical services. Public hospitals are owned by the state.

Few private hospitals have emergency departments, so in an emergency, most Australians rely on the public hospital system.

Your health insurance (OSHC) covers the total cost of accommodation in a shared ward of a public hospital. It also pays for the ‘schedule fee’ for the doctor. But you will have to pay the difference if the doctor’s fee is higher than the ‘schedule fee’.

Private systemPrivate hospitals provide about a quarter of all hospital beds in Australia. Private medical practitioners provide most non-bed medical services and perform a large proportion of hospital services alongside salaried doctors. Private hospitals are very expensive for

treatment and hospitalisation. Your OSHC will cover some of the cost of private hospitals but you’ll have to pay the difference.

General practitioners (GPs)In Australia you do not have to go to a hospital to see a doctor. You can see a doctor, also known as a general practitioner or GP, in their private practice or medical centre. Part or the entire doctor’s fee will be covered by Medicare or OSHC by making an appointment. It is important to note that some GP surgeries will request full payment from you at the time of your visit and you will need to present the receipt to claim the rebate back from your health cover provider. You can find a list of GPs online at www.mydr.com.au or www.healthengine.com.au.

Ask if your uni has a health centre you can access.

• Ifyouareunder18,yourinternational student adviser can help you find a doctor and accompany you to the appointment.

• Ifyouareauniversitystudent,your university may have its own medical centre.

• Ifyouareveryillandcannotget an appointment, go directly to a hospital that has an emergency ward (which is most public hospitals).

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3.9 medicAl SerViceS

What do you do if you’re sick? Contact your international student services office immediately or use the Yellow Pages and phone the GP’s clinic or medical centre to make an appointment. If you have woken in the morning feeling unwell and would like to see a doctor that day, you’ll need to phone the doctor’s clinic early in the morning (8–8:30 am) for an appointment. Please note, however, it may not be possible to get an appointment on the same day. You may have to wait one or two days to see a doctor. In some regional areas it may be a week or two before you can get an appointment.

PharmaciesGP clinics do not have medications to dispense to you. You must take your prescription to a pharmacy or chemist to obtain the medication. You’ll need to provide the pharmacy with your OSHC card, your full name and address. You are able to walk in off the street to any pharmacy/chemist/drug store in Australia and will only have to

wait a short while for your prescription to be prepared.

Prescription medicationMedication prescribed by your doctor is not free; you must pay the pharmacy. If the cost is more than AUD$34.20 you can claim the difference back from your OSHC provider. The pharmacist will offer your medication in a generic form if it is available. The generic version is usually cheaper and is only offered in this form if the content of the medicine is exactly the same as that prescribed by your doctor.

Dental and opticalDental and optical health services are not covered by your OSHC unless you take out extra coverage. If you need to see a dentist or optometrist you’ll need to make an appointment (see the Yellow Pages) and pay the full fee for this service.

My notes:

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3.10 mANAGiNG Your FiNANceSLiving on your own anywhere requires financial discipline. This is even more important in a foreign country. You are farther away from home and financial assistance should you need help, so a little planning will ease your mind and your wallet.

Initial expensesFill in this table before leaving home to estimate some of the expenses you might encounter when you first come to Australia:

Expense Estimated cost

Temporary accommodation

Rental bond (four weeks rent @ $_____/week)

Advance rent (two weeks @ $_____/week)

Electricity connection

Telephone connection

Gas connection

Internet connection

Mobile phone and/or network SIM card

Household items, e.g. furniture, crockery, etc.

Transportation

Textbooks and educational expenses

Incidentals

Insurance: house, car, health

TOTAL:

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Ongoing expensesOnce you have established yourself in accommodation, you’ll need to budget for ongoing costs. Fill in this table once you are

settled in Australia to estimate some of the following expenses:

Monthly expense Estimated cost

Rent (four weeks rent @ $_____/week)

Food (four weeks @ $_____/week)

Electricity

Gas

Telephone

Internet

Mobile Phone

Transportation

Entertainment

Educational

Insurance: health, house, car

Unexpected

TOTAL:

3.11 SettiNG up A BANk AccouNtBank accounts are really only necessary for students staying in Australia for more than one semester. Study abroad students can typically get money by withdrawing from their international ATM card on a bi-weekly basis, unless they are working and need to set up direct deposit with their employer.

You can choose to open an account in any bank, credit union or building society in Australia. Do your research to get the best deal.

To open a bank account you will need your:

• Passport(witharrivaldatestampedbyAustralian Immigration).

• StudentIDcard.

• Moneytodepositintotheaccount(thiscan be as little as AUD$10).

To open a bank account you must show several pieces of personal identification which are allotted a points system. You’ll

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need 100 points of identification to establish your identity as the person who will be named on the account. Your passport and proof of your arrival date in Australia will be acceptable as 100 points if you open an account within six weeks of arrival in Australia. After this time, you’ll need additional documentation. As a student, you’ll be able to open an account with special student benefits. Many banks have ‘student accounts’ with zero, or minimal, fees for transactions attached to regular savings accounts. You’ll also need your student ID card from your institution to prove you are a student and request student benefits. For a comparison of accounts in banks throughout Australia, visit www.banks.com.au/personal/accounts.

Banking hoursMost bank branches are open from Monday through Thursday 9 am to 4 pm, and on Fridays from 9 am to 5 pm (except public holidays). Some branches have extended trading hours during the week and may be open Saturdays—check with your individual bank. ATMs are open 24 hours a day. However, be cautious at night and use an ATM in a busy location.

Most people in Australia enjoy the convenience of internet banking and telephone banking, which let you manage your money and pay bills from home. When you set up your account you can request these services from your bank.

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3.12 trAVel optioNSOne of the most valuable travel resources at your disposal in Australia is STA Travel. Located in every major city and nearly all university campuses, STA Travel offers students sound advice from seasoned youth travel consultants and has excellent deals and major discounts. For more information visit www.statravel.com.au. Along with STA Travel, there are other options for booking travel in Australia. Be sure to check out all your options online.

3.13 WithiN AuStrAliA

Public transportYou probably won’t have a car in Australia, so you should know how to get around using public transport. The capital cities all have good public transport facilities. Trains service the suburbs of the larger cities and buses are available in most locations. Melbourne is unique with its large network of trams (trolleys). Trams are also used for

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public transport in other cities like Adelaide and Bendigo.

Depending on where you live, you may also be able to get a transport concession card to reduce the cost of public transport. Check with your student union or international office on how to get a transport concession card.

Below you’ll find links to the regional city/state public transport websites.

ACT: www.action.act.gov.au SA: www.adelaidemetro.com.au NSW: www.131500.info TAS: www.metrotas.com.au NT: www.nt.gov.au/transport/public VIC: www.metlinkmelbourne.com.au QLD: www.transinfo.qld.gov.au WA: www.transperth.wa.gov.au www.transwa.wa.gov.au

By airThere are frequent air connections between the major capital cities. Qantas is the main airline in Australia, but you may find yourself on one of several smaller airlines for domestic flights, such as Virgin Blue and JetStar. Your Australian campus may have a travel office like STA Travel to help you organise your travel.

Virgin Blue: www.virginblue.com.au STA Travel: www.statravel.com.au JetStar: www.jetstar.com Expedia: www.expedia.com.au Qantas: www.qantas.com.au Zuji: www.zuji.com.au

StandbyAs on US and Canadian airlines, you can ask for a standby ticket. The same system works in Australia; you won’t know until the last minute if you are on the flight. It is less expensive and an affordable option if you have plenty of time on your hands.

Air passes Check on the availability of special air passes sold by Australian airlines. Tickets

can be bought for a number of flights and are relatively cheap. Note, however, these can only be bought in North America, not in Australia. It will not be possible for your friends or family to buy and send them to you so make sure you do this before you leave.

By trainThere are fast-train connections between all of the capitals (except between Hobart and the mainland). Train tickets are more affordable than air tickets but you need to have the time for the trip. Melbourne to Sydney is an overnight train trip, whereas by air it’s a little less than two hours. For the adventurous and the frugal the train can be a good option. For fares and schedules visit www.railaustralia.com.au.

By busYou can travel throughout Australia by bus. The interstate bus lines are cheaper than the train but a bit less comfortable. Note also that some bus lines, like Oz Experience, offer long-distance tickets with frequent breaks in travel. This allows you to travel almost the full length of the east coast, stopping off wherever you like and for as long as you want. Some students will fly one way, and take a bus back. The advantage is that you are in control of where you stay, and you can see much more of the country and meet more people. This may be a good option if you have an adventurous spirit and a longing to see Australia up close and personal.

Oz Experience: www.ozexperience.com Greyhound: www.greyhound.com.au

By taxiMetered taxis operate in all major cities and towns. You can call a taxi and book your journey by phone or wait at taxi ranks, which are located at transport terminals, main hotels and shopping centres. Occasionally you will be able to hail taxis on the street. A taxi is vacant if the light on the roof sign is

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on. There is a minimum charge on hiring and then a charge per kilometre travelled.

By bicycleDepending on where you live, you may want to buy a bicycle. A reasonable second-hand bicycle can be bought for about AUD$200. Check your local newspaper’s classified section or try the website Craigslist. It’s mandatory to wear a helmet and remember to cycle on the left hand side of the road!

By carAustralia is a large country with many things worth seeing. Travelling by car can sometimes be the best way to visit out-of-the-way places. Most car hire (rental) agencies will require the main driver to be over 25 years of age. If you are under 25, you will be charged a higher rate.

Budget: www.budget.com.au Integra: www.abcintegra.com.au Avis: www.avis.com.au VroomVroomVroom: www.vroomvroomvroom.com.au

Hitchhiking Do not hitchhike! Hitchhiking is illegal in Queensland and Victoria. Elsewhere in Australia it is illegal to hitchhike on motorways (where pedestrians are prohibited and cars are not allowed to stop).

Some travel companies promote hitchhiking as an inexpensive means of travelling around Australia. However, as in many places in the world, crimes have been committed against innocent hitchhikers—including violent personal crimes and abductions. You do not know anything about the person whose car you get into. The best advice: don’t hitchhike. It’s not worth the risk.

3.14 roAd ruleSAustralians drive on the left-hand side of the road. Did you say the left? It’s not something you would do back home, but

something extremely important to remember in Australia. It might be helpful to have a companion drive with you so you both take note of traffic conditions and signs until you are more familiar with driving on the left side of the road. A handy tip is not to think of it as the other side of the road.

Licence requirementsIn most states/territories of Australia, if you hold a current driver’s licence from another country you are allowed to drive on your overseas licence as long as:

• Youremainatemporaryoverseasvisitor.

• Youroverseaslicenceremainscurrent.

• Youhavenotbeendisqualifiedfromdriving in that state or elsewhere.

• Youhavenothadyourlicencesuspended or cancelled or your visiting driver privileges withdrawn.

Most overseas visitors are not required to obtain an Australian licence if you comply with these conditions and can continue to prove your genuine visitor status to state police if required.

When driving in Australia, you must carry your overseas driver’s licence. Your licence must be written in English or, if it is not in English, you must either carry an English translation or an international driving permit.

If you’re a temporary overseas visitor and you wish to obtain an Australian licence, seek advice from your local police station.

Important things to keep in mind while driving:

• Australiansdriveontheleftsideofthe road.

• WearingseatbeltsismandatoryinAustralia. This applies to the back seat too. If a seat belt is fitted you must wear it.

• ThedrivingageinAustraliais18,though in some states you can drive unaccompanied at 17. Check with the

‘Stay a few weeks after the semester is over and go backpacking and see some of the country outside of the big cities. It’s a great way to end the experience and gives you a chance to put the whole thing in context when it’s over. And take lots of pictures.’

Brian Hackney, a political science major at the University of Maryland, studied abroad at the University of Sydney.

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something extremely important to remember in Australia. It might be helpful to have a companion drive with you so you both take note of traffic conditions and signs until you are more familiar with driving on the left side of the road. A handy tip is not to think of it as the other side of the road.

Licence requirementsIn most states/territories of Australia, if you hold a current driver’s licence from another country you are allowed to drive on your overseas licence as long as:

• Youremainatemporaryoverseasvisitor.

• Youroverseaslicenceremainscurrent.

• Youhavenotbeendisqualifiedfromdriving in that state or elsewhere.

• Youhavenothadyourlicencesuspended or cancelled or your visiting driver privileges withdrawn.

Most overseas visitors are not required to obtain an Australian licence if you comply with these conditions and can continue to prove your genuine visitor status to state police if required.

When driving in Australia, you must carry your overseas driver’s licence. Your licence must be written in English or, if it is not in English, you must either carry an English translation or an international driving permit.

If you’re a temporary overseas visitor and you wish to obtain an Australian licence, seek advice from your local police station.

Important things to keep in mind while driving:

• Australiansdriveontheleftsideofthe road.

• WearingseatbeltsismandatoryinAustralia. This applies to the back seat too. If a seat belt is fitted you must wear it.

• ThedrivingageinAustraliais18,though in some states you can drive unaccompanied at 17. Check with the

‘Stay a few weeks after the semester is over and go backpacking and see some of the country outside of the big cities. It’s a great way to end the experience and gives you a chance to put the whole thing in context when it’s over. And take lots of pictures.’

Brian Hackney, a political science major at the University of Maryland, studied abroad at the University of Sydney.

Roads and Traffic Authority in your state to learn more.

• Ifyouholdacurrentdriver’slicencefromCanada or the US, you will not need to obtain an Australian driver’s licence, but check with your state transportation authority for details.

• Allstateshavestrictbloodalcohollimitlaws of 0.05 per cent and there are serious penalties including jail time. If you drink, don’t drive!

• Themaximumspeedlimitinresidentialareas is 50 kph (30 mph) and 100 kph (60mph) on highways, unless signs indicate otherwise. Police use radar speed cameras and fines are steep. Radar detectors are illegal in Australia.

• Youmusthavealicencetorideamotorcycle and you must be over 18. Helmets are mandatory.

• Talkingonamobilephonewhichisnot hands-free is illegal while driving in Australia.

3.15 WorkiNG iN AuStrAliA

Permission to work If you have a student visa, you will be eligible to work while in Australia. Please remember your right to work is tied to several conditions. Some of these include:

• Notstartingtoworkuntilyouhavecommenced your course of study.

• Workingamaximumof40hourspertwo-week period during the term and

unlimited hours when your course is not in session.

• YoumayonlyworkiftheDepartmentof Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) considers your course to be ‘in session’. That means:

• Forthedurationoftheadvertisedsemesters (including periods when exams are being held).

• YourConfirmationofEnrolmentisstillineffect if you have completed your studies.

• Ifyouareundertakinganothercourse,during a break from your main course, the points will be credited to your main course.

For a full list of mandatory and discretionary student visa conditions visit www.immi.gov.au/students/index.htm.

Permission for spouses to workSpouses with a dependent student visa may apply for a work visa while accompanying a full-time student. Spouses will need permission to work and must follow the conditions set out on their visa, as restrictions may apply.

Finding workThere are many different ways to find a job in Australia:

Newspapers

Visit www.newspapers.com.au to see a listing of the major Australian newspapers. You can select your state or territory to browse a database of Australian regional newspapers. Local newspapers have a ‘help wanted’ or jobs section.

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University job boards

Most Australian universities have a careers service office and website with a job board listing local employment opportunities.

The Australian Government also has a listing of job boards in Australia at www.jobsearch.gov.au/KeyLinks/Pages/JobBoards.aspx.

Online

Search for jobs online using these websites:

www.seek.com.au www.careerone.com.au www.mycareer.com.au www.gumtree.com www.jobsearch.com.au www.studyandwork.com.au

Tips on Applying

• Checkinshopwindowstoseeifpeopleare hiring.

• CreateaCV.

• Dresswellwheninquiringorinterviewingfor a job.

Earning an incomeJust like wage earners in the US and Canada, workers in Australia have to pay taxes. There are a few details you’ll need to know before you run out and find that new job.

TaxesTaxes are managed through the Australian Taxation Office (ATO). The tax you pay depends on how much you earn.

Getting a Tax File Number

You must obtain a Tax File Number (TFN) to be able to work in Australia. A TFN is your unique reference number to our tax system. When you start work, your employer will ask you to complete a TFN declaration form. If you do not provide a TFN, your employment will be taxed at the highest personal income tax rate, which means less money in your wages each week.

You can apply for your TFN online at www.ato.gov.au or by phoning 13 28 61, 8 am to 6 pm Monday through Friday.

Taxation returns

If you pay too much in taxes you are entitled to a refund. To get a refund you’ll need to lodge a tax return. You can lodge online using e-tax (free), by mailing a paper tax return, or by paying a registered tax agent to complete and lodge the return for you. If you lodge by e-tax, your refund will normally be issued within 14 days. Tax returns are lodged at the end of the Australian tax year (July 1 to June 30). Lodge online using e-tax at www.ato.gov.au. For a registered tax agent visit www.tabd.gov.au.

Superannuation

Superannuation is the pension/retirement scheme in Australia. If your monthly wage is

‘I was hired as a sales associate at an athletic footwear store in Sydney while studying abroad. I went around to various retail stores in the area and enquired about part-time employment opportunities. I left my résumé and cover letter with the managers at about 25 stores. A few places called me in for an interview and I ultimately was offered a job at The Athlete’s Foot at a Westfield shopping mall in Bondi.’

Spencer Siegel, a political science major at American University, studied abroad at the University of New South Wales.

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more than AUD$450, your employer must contribute an additional sum equal to nine per cent of your wage into a superannuation account for you. In most cases, you can access your contributions when you leave Australia permanently, although the contributions will be taxed.

To check your eligibility to claim superannuation, and to apply for your payment, visit www.ato.gov.au. You will need to provide the details of your superannuation fund.

My notes:

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4.0StudyinG At your inStitution

hortiCuLturist

4.0 StudYiNG At Your iNStitutioN_55

4.0StudyinG At your inStitution4.1 Academic year4.2 orientation4.3 Academic expectations4.4 course selection4.5 Study preparation4.6 Student life4.7 Quality assurance

4.8 recognition of Australian degrees

4.9 Quick guide to key personnel

4.10 education terminology

4.0 StudYiNG At Your iNStitutioN_56

4.1 AcAdemic YeArYour plane lands and from the window you see Australia is as lovely as you had imagined. You’ve planned for your expenses, your accommodation, and you’re already thinking about the wonderful places you’ll explore. But what do you need to know to get the most out of your academic experience?

The Australian academic year begins in late February to early March, often with an orientation for new students in mid- to late-February. Second semester typically begins in late July. Most universities and vocational institutes have two semesters, with exams in June for semester one and November for semester two. Your institution may have a one- to two-week break at mid-semester. There is a four- to six-week break between semesters, with the long summer holiday from December to February. Some institutions operate on a three-semester (trimester) calendar, or a four-term calendar.

Typically, you will begin your academic program during either the February or July intake. Some programs, such as medicine or dentistry, will only have one intake a year in February.

4.2 orieNtAtioN

Arrive earlyYou’ll want to ensure you arrive early at your institution to take part in their official welcome. Australian institutions are required to provide an international student orientation, and in most cases, it takes place before classes start. Usually there will also be an orientation for local students after the international student orientation.

Staff who run the orientation work hard to ensure that you will be well-equipped to achieve the best possible success in your studies. The pre-departure, arrival and orientation manuals the institution provides

will give you a lot of valuable information to help you move through your studies. Although the manual will outline what you need to know, the information is so detailed it can make your head spin; don’t feel you have to memorise it all. Once you are concentrating on your studies, you will feel less stressed if you are already comfortable with the institution, its staff and its services. That’s why early arrival is important and can help contribute to your early success.

Arriving early to attend orientation means you can:

• Meetandtalktoimportantpeopleyouwill need to know at the institution, such as:

- International office staff.

- Course or academic adviser.

- Student services staff and representatives of student associations, clubs and mentors.

- Religious/cultural/ministry staff.

- Accommodation/homestay coordinator.

- Counsellors.

• Enrolearly,whichmeansyoucangetyour student card early. You will need your student card to open bank accounts, borrow books from the library and more.

• Findyourwayaroundthecampus,including:

- Library.

- Computer rooms and facilities.

- Recreation and eating areas.

- Clubs and associations.

- Classrooms.

• Meetotherstudentswhomayshareyourclasses as well as your concerns or fears. Knowing another face on campus can help you avoid feelings of isolation.

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Your plane lands and from the window you see Australia is as lovely as you had imagined. You’ve planned for your expenses, your accommodation, and you’re already thinking about the wonderful places you’ll explore. But what do you need to know to get the most out of your academic experience?

The Australian academic year begins in late February to early March, often with an orientation for new students in mid- to late-February. Second semester typically begins in late July. Most universities and vocational institutes have two semesters, with exams in June for semester one and November for semester two. Your institution may have a one- to two-week break at mid-semester. There is a four- to six-week break between semesters, with the long summer holiday from December to February. Some institutions operate on a three-semester (trimester) calendar, or a four-term calendar.

Typically, you will begin your academic program during either the February or July intake. Some programs, such as medicine or dentistry, will only have one intake a year in February.

4.2 orieNtAtioN

Arrive earlyYou’ll want to ensure you arrive early at your institution to take part in their official welcome. Australian institutions are required to provide an international student orientation, and in most cases, it takes place before classes start. Usually there will also be an orientation for local students after the international student orientation.

Staff who run the orientation work hard to ensure that you will be well-equipped to achieve the best possible success in your studies. The pre-departure, arrival and orientation manuals the institution provides

• Findyourwayaroundthepublictransportsystem to and from your accommodation.

• Feelasthoughyoualreadyknowsomeof the things local students know before you get to meet them at orientation activities later.

4.3 AcAdemic expectAtioNS

Study abroadThe Australian university system is different to what you are used to in the United States or Canada. When you study abroad for a semester you will need to take appropriate classes for your level of study. If you are in your third year (junior) of a four-year bachelor’s degree, you’ll find equivalent classes are typically in year two of an Australian degree. Third-year classes will be too advanced for you in most cases, since this is the final year of an Australian bachelor’s degree program.

As a fully-enrolled student at an Australian university, you will take classes with

Australian, international and possibly students from your home campus or country. You will be expected to perform at the same level as your Australian peers—even if you aren’t used to the system of lectures and tutorials—and spend considerable time in independent study.

North American students vary in how they view the difficulty of the Australian academic system. The things that make this system different from your home country are part of what adds to the excitement of experiencing another culture. You should be prepared for the differences and ask your tutors and international office for help if you are finding the transition difficult. Australian professors enjoy having Canadians and Americans in their classes because they tend to ask questions and contribute to debates.

A major difference from the North American education system is the way you structure your class and study time. In Australia, you’ll find you spend about 15 hours a week in lectures and seminars or tutorials—which are smaller groups of students led by a professor or tutor. The rest of the time you are meant to study and research on your own. The

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Australian education system is much more independent, so there won’t be someone checking in on your progress all the time. Some Australian universities will only have one or two major exams or assignments in the semester, so it can appear that the Australian system is ‘easy’. But those assignments or exams will be worth your entire grade.

So success means being organised and structuring your free time to allow study and research to be at the top of your priorities. You’ll still be able to fit in the fun stuff that will make your visit complete, but allotting appropriate study time is essential. Your professors will expect that you are reading a variety of books from the course reading list or syllabus, and that you will come to class prepared to discuss what you’ve learned on your own.

Remember, the more you put into your studies, the more you will get out of them!

Transferability of study abroad creditsIf you need to transfer grades back to your home institution, you will need to organise

that before you leave for Australia. Contact your study abroad and registrar’s office. If you are studying through a US or Canadian program provider, they will normally organise grade transfer as part of the program.

Throughout the process of matching credits between your institutions, it’s wise to keep a paper trail of emails and other correspondence about your home university course approvals and any additional forms signed off by department heads or transfer credit specialists. This way you’ll have verification if you have any problems transferring your credits after returning from Australia.

In terms of the logistics behind transferring credits, Australian grades may be computed into your home grade point average. Be aware that most North American universities will only transfer credit from foreign institutions with a grade equivalent of at least a ‘C’. Each institution’s policy is different, so check with your university’s study abroad office or registrar’s office to learn about how your grades in Australia will count when you come back to North America.

‘I was able to take challenging, but fun courses that still allowed for a good balance of academics and social lifestyle. My courses also incorporated many field trips into the curriculum, which prompted me to travel and learn about Australia and its resources.’

Megan Tuura, a geology major at the University of Michigan, studied abroad at the University of Melbourne.

engineer

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Australian education system is much more independent, so there won’t be someone checking in on your progress all the time. Some Australian universities will only have one or two major exams or assignments in the semester, so it can appear that the Australian system is ‘easy’. But those assignments or exams will be worth your entire grade.

So success means being organised and structuring your free time to allow study and research to be at the top of your priorities. You’ll still be able to fit in the fun stuff that will make your visit complete, but allotting appropriate study time is essential. Your professors will expect that you are reading a variety of books from the course reading list or syllabus, and that you will come to class prepared to discuss what you’ve learned on your own.

Remember, the more you put into your studies, the more you will get out of them!

Transferability of study abroad creditsIf you need to transfer grades back to your home institution, you will need to organise

‘I was able to take challenging, but fun courses that still allowed for a good balance of academics and social lifestyle. My courses also incorporated many field trips into the curriculum, which prompted me to travel and learn about Australia and its resources.’

Megan Tuura, a geology major at the University of Michigan, studied abroad at the University of Melbourne.

When you conclude your study abroad, your Australian university will send an official transcript to your home institution’s registrar’s office. If you would like an additional official transcript (usually for graduate school admissions) you can request one for a small fee.

Vocational diplomasThe Australian vocational education and training (VET) sector is delivered by over 4300 public and private registered training organisations providing trade and business skills. The key roles of the VET sector are driving economic growth and addressing areas of skills needs. To keep programs cutting edge, courses are developed with direct input from industry experts to ensure training keeps pace with global industry

trends and courses are reviewed every three years. The VET sector is flexible because of this, as it works to fit the needs of relevant industries.

The Australian VET sector provides opportunities for international students to gain qualifications to Australian standards for employment within their own countries, Australia and many other parts of the world.

Students can choose from thousands of courses across many diverse industries and choose how the courses are delivered. Flexible delivery options include, face-to-face, online, distance education and workplace learning. VET qualifications are based on a set of industry-relevant competency standards which allow for flexibility in completing a qualification.

Apprenticeships and traineeships are available in hundreds of occupations. The apprenticeship system involves an agreement between the apprentice or trainee, their employer and the training provider (which must be a registered training organisation), with each taking responsibility for the skills training of the apprentice or trainee.

Bachelor’s degreeAlthough the name of the degree is the same, the requirements to earn a bachelor’s degree in Australia are a bit different than in North America. This all adds to the diversity of your studies. Your academic experience in Australia will be rich, so read on to discover the similarities and differences so you can thrive in your new academic environment.

If you’re coming to Australia right out of high school, transferring from college or university, or starting a second undergraduate degree,

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there are a few things to know about the Australian higher education system. Most Australian bachelor’s degrees take three years to complete. Australian students complete general education requirements in secondary school so once they arrive at university, they have decided on a major (or majors) and study their major in-depth for three years. You will be able to take classes in your major right from the start of your program.

Students who achieve high grades can be invited to a fourth or honours year, where they complete a major research project or thesis. It’s also becoming more common for Australian students to take double or joint degrees, similar to doing a double major or major/minor in the US or Canada. This extends the degree program to four or five years.

Professional programs like law, engineering, medicine, veterinary medicine and dentistry can be studied at the undergraduate level and take up to six years to complete.

Depending on your major, you may find there are a variety of international students in your classes. This makes studying in Australia a truly multicultural experience and a great way to learn about other cultures. However, this also means you will need to adapt to the Australian education system as well as the cultural differences in the classroom.

Some cultures place a high value on authority figures and those students will be less likely to question or debate with the lecturer. North American students tend to ask a lot of questions in class, and you should not be afraid to raise your hand and contribute to the discussion. Adjusting to these cultural differences will give you flexibility and adaptability; two competencies that future employers will value.

Master’s degreeLike the bachelor’s degree, the master’s degree is a familiar term in North America, but in Australia the details are different. Master’s degrees in Australia can take one

or two years to complete depending on the subject area you choose and your prior qualifications. If you don’t have a bachelor’s degree, or took your bachelor’s degree in a completely different subject area, you can take bridging programs—such as postgraduate certificates (six months) and postgraduate diplomas (one year)—to gain entry into a master’s program. With a variety of ways to get into a master’s program, it is accessible for more people.

Unlike in North America, there are two types of master’s degrees in Australia: master’s by coursework and master’s by research. The master’s by coursework is most similar to a US or Canadian master’s degree. In this program, you take between nine and 12 hours of classes each semester and write a dissertation or thesis. A master’s by research does not contain any taught elements; students conduct self-directed research. This program would probably suit you if you intend to go on and complete a doctoral degree.

Your professors will expect you to conduct a substantial amount of reading and research in your own time and come to class prepared to discuss what you’ve studied and your own views on the subject matter. This means organising your time to ensure the work gets done so you can take advantage of other opportunities. It would be a shame to miss out on that upcoming concert because you were behind on your research! To achieve high grades at the master’s level, you should be prepared to add to the body of knowledge for your subject matter. Professors are not just looking for you to demonstrate what you’ve learned when writing essays and exams, but also that you’ve mastered the subject by contributing a new or different perspective to your field of study.

You should also expect to study with international and Australian students. In some areas, such as business and IT, your class may be comprised of mostly international students.

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there are a few things to know about the Australian higher education system. Most Australian bachelor’s degrees take three years to complete. Australian students complete general education requirements in secondary school so once they arrive at university, they have decided on a major (or majors) and study their major in-depth for three years. You will be able to take classes in your major right from the start of your program.

Students who achieve high grades can be invited to a fourth or honours year, where they complete a major research project or thesis. It’s also becoming more common for Australian students to take double or joint degrees, similar to doing a double major or major/minor in the US or Canada. This extends the degree program to four or five years.

Professional programs like law, engineering, medicine, veterinary medicine and dentistry can be studied at the undergraduate level and take up to six years to complete.

Depending on your major, you may find there are a variety of international students in your classes. This makes studying in Australia a truly multicultural experience and a great way to learn about other cultures. However, this also means you will need to adapt to the Australian education system as well as the cultural differences in the classroom.

Some cultures place a high value on authority figures and those students will be less likely to question or debate with the lecturer. North American students tend to ask a lot of questions in class, and you should not be afraid to raise your hand and contribute to the discussion. Adjusting to these cultural differences will give you flexibility and adaptability; two competencies that future employers will value.

Master’s degreeLike the bachelor’s degree, the master’s degree is a familiar term in North America, but in Australia the details are different. Master’s degrees in Australia can take one

in Australia, master’s and doctoral degree students are called postgraduates.

Doctoral degreeThe highest degree offered by Australian universities is the doctoral degree. Doctoral students tend to complete their degrees in three to five years, usually a shorter time frame than in the US and Canada. The major difference is there are no taught components to a doctoral degree. Instead, you will spend your time in self-directed research. Doctoral students work closely with a dissertation supervisor or adviser for the duration of the program.

In some cases, you will have the opportunity to teach undergraduate students or lead

seminar groups. These opportunities are not usually advertised so you will need to speak to your department head about how to access them. Teaching assistantships are not as common in Australia as in the US and Canada since most undergraduates are taught by faculty members.

The relationship you have with your supervisor is important to your success as a doctoral student. Before selecting your program, spend time researching the faculty members and their research interests to find the best fit for what you want to achieve.

postgraduates are usually assigned to a dissertation supervisor or tutor for the duration of their program.

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4.4 courSe SelectioNA typical course load for full-time undergraduate students in Australia is three or four subjects (or classes) per semester.

• Studyabroadstudentsshouldworkwiththeir home institution to get their subjects approved before selecting what classes to take at the Australian institution.

• Studentstakingthefullbachelor’sdegreeshould meet with an academic adviser, lecturer or student administration officer if they have questions about what subjects to take.

• Graduatestudentsshouldmeetwithstudent administration to select subjects or classes.

4.5 StudY prepArAtioNWith independence being at the core of the Australian higher education system, North American students are in for something new. You will be expected to attend lectures and participate in small-group discussions called seminars or tutorials (“tutes”). You’ll spend most of your time studying on your own. The system is based on outcomes: what you’ve learned and the topics you’ve mastered, rather than the number of hours you’ve spent in the classroom.

You are the captain of your own academic ship in Australia. Your lecturers and tutors

won’t tell you how much or when to study, although they will expect you to complete readings and group work outside of class. It’s up to you to decide how much you want to work and how much you want to get out of your academic experience. This way of thinking really puts you in the driver’s seat of your higher education experience. You’ll be able to study at your own pace and explore related topics to those being covered in class. Like the familiar phrase goes: the more effort you put into something, the more you’ll get out of it.

Teaching stylesThe teaching style in Australian universities is a combination of traditional lecture-style learning and interactive, innovative group work. The core material of the subject is nearly always given in lectures, followed by small-group tutorials. Depending on the subject and level, the size of a lecture may vary from as few as 50 to several hundred students. Tutorials generally have 10 to 30 students to encourage debate, discussion and further exploration of the topics.

In very small and often advanced subjects, lectures may be abandoned in favour of seminar-style presentations. In a lecture there is little—if any—interaction between you and the lecturer. The material is normally given via a presentation from the lecturer, perhaps supported with slides and videos. Science and technology-based subjects, as well as psychology, generally require

‘As a medical microbiology major in the science field, it is very tough to find compatible courses that will transfer back to your home university within your degree curriculum. Australia provided compatible courses and much more! I participated in a lot of group work that focussed on recent research and innovation in the field of science. A real-life application was put towards my classes that I really enjoyed!’

Sandy Smylie, a medical microbiology major at the University of Wyoming, studied abroad at University of the Sunshine Coast.

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laboratory work. Language subjects usually require time in a language laboratory.

Class attendanceUnlike the North American university system, the classroom is not the focus of learning in Australia. But you shouldn’t think you can skip classes and still be successful. Many Australian universities facilitate flexible learning, and materials and lectures are often available online. However, you are encouraged to attend classes and engage with your lecturers.

Although it varies from course to course and university to university, the Australian system sets minimum standards of learning to be achieved by the end of the semester and provides a variety of methods of undertaking this learning. The philosophy behind this is to recognise that students learn in different ways.

Preparing for tutorials is essential as it will likely contribute to your final grade. Your professor will expect you to actively participate in tutorials because they are a way for you to become comfortable talking about the issues behind the subject.

Australian students are used to balancing priorities to attend the number of classes necessary for success at university. You might struggle as you work out the best way to engage with your new learning environment, which includes attending lectures and tutorials, conducting outside readings and studying independently. If you become frustrated, talk with your professor or tutor to get help.

Australian students may downplay how much time they actually spend in the library. don’t let this fool you—Australian students actually spend quite a bit of time doing independent reading and study.

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Interaction with professorsHave you ever thought about addressing your professors by their first names or socialising with them after hours? It’s hard to imagine if you’re from North America, where the higher education system is more formal. The student-teacher relationship in Australia tends to be less formal, with students addressing lecturers and tutors on a first-name basis, regardless of their formal title. Most lecturers will keep office hours where you can schedule an appointment to meet with them.

Australian professors appear to be much more relaxed and casual than in the US and Canada. Although your professors can be very friendly and socialise with you occasionally, it doesn’t mean they will be generous about grading your work.

Australians like the idea of a classless society so academic qualifications are not spoken of much. You may find it hard at an Australian university to distinguish the status of academics. And their offices may not help either. A full professor may not have their title on the door. Academics will generally not display their degrees in frames on their office walls. When you are talking to academics for the first time you are safest to assume they have a PhD, and you can refer to them as Doctor. Only address full professors as ‘professor’. Australians do not use the term ‘professor’ as a general form of address for all academics.

Homework and assessmentGenerally, Australian instructors will not assign regular homework—but don’t think this translates into an easy ride when it comes to your education down under. Your instructor will provide reading lists that are relevant to class discussion for you to research on your own, so use your free time wisely.

In most cases, you may only have one or two assignments or exams per semester. Assessment methods may include a combination of multiple choice exams, essay exams, papers and oral presentations.

Managing workloadBecause you don’t have regular homework or assessment, it may be more tempting to slack off in Australia. But that could be a big mistake. In some cases, you may only have two exams, including a final exam that covers material from the entire semester.

Australian students are much more accustomed to this assessment format. You may struggle to figure out how to study for a final exam worth 80 per cent of your grade. Here’s some advice on how to manage your workload.

• Don’tprocrastinate!Paceyourselfandtryto keep up with the readings throughout the semester so you don’t have to cram in the week before the exam.

• Breakthetaskdownintoeasy-to-digestsegments. Instead of reviewing material from the entire semester, look at material over two- to three-week periods and slowly add it together.

• Findapeermentor.AskanAustralianstudent in your class or tutorial group how they prepare for exams and have them give you advice and assistance.

• Askforhelp.Meetwithyourtutororlecturer during their office hours if you have questions or need guidance. Universities will also have an academic support office where you can get assistance in writing, finding sources and more.

ExamsIn the North American system, your course knowledge is continually evaluated throughout the semester via quizzes, papers, essays, midterms and finals. Many Australian courses have only one final exam, sometimes accounting for up to 60 to 80 per cent of your final grade. It’s a good idea to study the material throughout the semester, so studying for these exams is not overwhelming. You’ll already be familiar with the concepts and material so your exam preparation will be more of a review than

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trying to understand the concepts for the first time.

The format of testing depends on the subject. Many subjects will have writing assignments (essays, papers, and tutorial presentations), a mid-semester and an end-of-semester exam.

You are responsible for knowing the exam procedure for every one of your subjects. In Australia, it is routine for universities to have a separate exam period up to three weeks after the official end of the semester. Exceptions are not made to accommodate international students wishing to return home early.

GradingIn Australia, you’ll literally have to earn your grades. Instead of a professor beginning with 100 per cent and subtracting points for a wrong answer, in Australia you begin with 0 points and earn points for correct answers. Therefore, earning 75 per cent in Australia is actually a very good grade. Grading scales vary at Australian institutions and there is little, if any, grade inflation.

Although institutions may not grade on a bell curve, raw marks are scaled and banded to produce consistency across courses and years of study.

‘Classes in Australia are much more based on writing and independent research rather than a series of smaller assignments due throughout the semester. Courses also involve a lot more discussion on readings in smaller tutorial groups. Though it was a bit of a shock at first, I actually much preferred this style of instruction and evaluation and thought that I learned a great deal more on average in my Australian courses than in the courses I have taken in the US.’

Drew Sample, a religious studies major at Indiana University, studied abroad at the University of Adelaide.

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The following is a general guideline for the most commonly-used grading system and terminology, but check with your university to get their grading scale:

5. High Distinction (85 to 100 per cent)

4. Distinction (75 to 84 per cent)

3. Credit (65 to 74 per cent)

2. Pass (50 to 64 per cent)

1. Fail (below 49 per cent

4.6 StudeNt liFeThe general campus environment in North America has a greater focus on campus life and this brings more opportunities for faculty and students to come together. This often is not the case in Australia, where most campuses are commuter campuses and extracurricular activities are more limited. However, it’s still possible to get involved and meet new people during your time in Australia.

Meeting AustraliansMeeting Australian students can be more difficult because of geographical barriers related to campus housing. However, with some patience and by being outgoing, you’ll be sure to make Australian friends or ‘mates’.

Many Australian universities have little to no on-campus housing for Australian students. If there is housing available it is usually dedicated to international students. Because of this, Australian students are more likely to live at home with their families, or with friends or flatmates off-campus in or around their hometowns. This, in turn, has a ripple effect on Australian students’ social lives.

Australian students are more likely to remain friends with their high school mates, since they usually go to university closer to home. Their high school friends may go to different universities, but still live in close proximity. When Australians are done with their classes for the day, they often return home to hang out with friends from high school. This leaves the campus quiet during the late afternoons and evenings.

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Despite these factors, being sociable and friendly will help you to build lasting relationships with Australians. Here are a few helpful suggestions:

• InitiateconversationwithAustralianstudents before and after class. Introduce yourself, and don’t be shy to mention where you’re from. Ask them about themselves.

• Ifyoueatlunchoncampusorhaveameal plan, invite an Australian classmate to lunch or coffee in between classes.

• Volunteerinthecommunityorgetajob.

• Joinacluborsportsteam.Australianuniversities offer heaps of options to get involved in local volunteer and social activities.

• Trytogetaplaceinon-campushousing units.

• Ifyouknowlotsofpeoplefromyourhome university, don’t be afraid to step out of your comfort zone!

University unionA lot of the daily non-class time of students is centred around the university union, where there are cafeterias, shops, banks and theatres. Usually clubs and societies will have their organisational base in the union.

Meal plansMeal plans are rare on Australian campuses. You may find various schemes for discounting meals, which you can find out about at your union, or by asking your Australian adviser.

Computer centresAll Australian campuses supply ready access to computing facilities, although the number of computers available and the hours of the facilities will vary. Residence halls normally provide computing facilities for their resident students. There may be minor charges to use printing services or the internet.

Clubs and societiesDuring the first few weeks of the academic year, you’ll have plenty of opportunities to join clubs, societies and sports teams. Visit your union or ask an adviser to find out about what activities are available.

Students with disabilitiesInstitutions offer services for students who require assistance with their studies due to a disability or chronic medical condition. These may include voice recognition software, hearing aids or note-taking services. Contact your institution several weeks before you arrive to make the appropriate arrangements for your specific needs.

Counselling servicesMany institutions will have trained counsellors to advise you on social and welfare issues, and career counsellors are available to help you decide on further study and career opportunities.

‘The easiest way to make friends is to pick a place to live where you are constantly in contact with Aussies. A residential college was perfect for me because I had the opportunity to eat every meal, participate in sporting events, and go to social activities with Australians. By living with over 200 Australians and only 10 other Americans I was able to become lifelong friends with both Americans and Australians.’

Kerry Leuschel, an education major at Indiana University, studied abroad at the University of Adelaide.

‘I had the best time in Australia. The people there are friendly and are willing to help when they see someone in need. There are also plenty of different organisations that have adventurous activities for people with disabilities. I got involved with riding for the disabled and Gold Coast Disabled Surfers Associations. Australia opened my eyes to adventure and to the realisation that anyone can experience it.’

Teresa Izquierdo, a music major at Belmont University, studied abroad at Bond University.

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Computer centresAll Australian campuses supply ready access to computing facilities, although the number of computers available and the hours of the facilities will vary. Residence halls normally provide computing facilities for their resident students. There may be minor charges to use printing services or the internet.

Clubs and societiesDuring the first few weeks of the academic year, you’ll have plenty of opportunities to join clubs, societies and sports teams. Visit your union or ask an adviser to find out about what activities are available.

Students with disabilitiesInstitutions offer services for students who require assistance with their studies due to a disability or chronic medical condition. These may include voice recognition software, hearing aids or note-taking services. Contact your institution several weeks before you arrive to make the appropriate arrangements for your specific needs.

Counselling servicesMany institutions will have trained counsellors to advise you on social and welfare issues, and career counsellors are available to help you decide on further study and career opportunities.

‘I had the best time in Australia. The people there are friendly and are willing to help when they see someone in need. There are also plenty of different organisations that have adventurous activities for people with disabilities. I got involved with riding for the disabled and Gold Coast Disabled Surfers Associations. Australia opened my eyes to adventure and to the realisation that anyone can experience it.’

Teresa Izquierdo, a music major at Belmont University, studied abroad at Bond University.

4.7 QuAlitY ASSurANceAustralia is committed to providing quality education and training to international students. The Australian Government has enacted a number of laws to guarantee your protection and it’s important for you to understand your rights.

The laws protecting international students are grouped together under the Education Services for Overseas Students (ESOS) legislative framework. Under this framework, all Australian institutions that accept international students on a student visa are legally required to provide quality courses and meet the national standards for student services and institution facilities.

Consumer protectionThe ESOS legislation provides consumer protection if an institution defaults on the course you are enrolled in. This protection entitles you to either a tuition refund, or if a refund is not possible, placement into an alternative program through the Tuition Assurance Scheme.

GrievancesIf you have any concerns about your program or institution you should first try to discuss them with your education provider. The international office at your institution can advise you on the best way to handle your concerns.

If you have a concern or need advice, you can call the International Student Hotline on 1 300 363 079 from 8 am to 6 pm, Monday to Friday.

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The ESOS framework also provides the opportunity for independent, prompt and inexpensive resolution processes for both parties. These procedures also ensure that you may be represented by a nominee of your choice. If you have a serious grievance, you can also call the ESOS helpline on +61 2 6240 5069 or email esosmailbox@deewr.gov.au.

You can find more information on your rights under ESOS at www.aei.gov.au/regulatory-information/pages/regulatoryinformation.aspx.

4.8 recoGNitioN oF AuStrAliAN deGreeSYour Australian experience should not only be good fun, but good value too. The fun speaks for itself, but the education provides a significant return on your investment

because of the respect Australia’s academic excellence garners across the globe.

The three-year bachelor’s degree is recognised for graduate entry at many US and Canadian institutions. However, some will require a four-year degree or additional qualifications. You’ll need to check with the North American institutions you are applying to for their graduate admissions requirements.

Graduate schools and some employers may also require a US or Canadian ‘equivalent’ degree. In these cases, you will need to have your Australian credentials evaluated for equivalency. Companies such as World Education Services (www.wes.org) can assess your credentials for a fee.

If you have completed a professional qualification, such as law or medicine, you’ll need to register with the relevant professional body in order to practice in the US or Canada.

My notes:

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4.9 Quick Guide to keY perSoNNel

Who to see IssuesAcademicLecturers

Course coordinator

Academic skills adviser

Questions about content of units (classes), teaching procedures, assessment

Questions about your program as a whole, academic regulations, difficulties with study, decisions to defer from study (inform international education office)

Assistance with reading, writing, note taking, preparation for exams and assignments

AdministrativeInternational student adviser

Student administration adviser

Visa problems, financial problems, enrolment and short-term accommodation. Health care/insurance problems, academic progression, accommodation, understanding of how to utilise institution processes effectively

Timetable, registration in subject units (classes), change of address

PersonalStudent counsellor

Equity and equal opportunity office

Disability adviser

Housing office

Problems with relationships, homesickness, gambling, depression, substance abuse

Sexual harassment, discrimination issues

Examination/study adjustments

Accommodation issues

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4.10 educAtioN termiNoloGYAustralian Union of Students

Australian students have a union that represents their interests and negotiates on their behalf with governments and university authorities. Membership is voluntary.

College

In the context of an Australian university, the term college can refer to a student residence on or near the campus (e.g. Robert Menzies College), or it may refer to an academic unit (e.g. The College of Art and Design). The term is never used to refer to the university itself. Australian university students therefore do not attend college, but attend university (or ‘uni’).

There are some institutions in Australia that are colleges, not universities. Colleges in Australia are often small, private institutions that provide vocational diplomas and certificates, and they may offer limited undergraduate degrees in certain subjects.

Commencement

Australians are often puzzled by the idea of a ‘commencement’ ceremony that occurs at the end of a degree. Australians hold a graduation ceremony for students who have completed their degrees.

Course

A course in Australia refers to a program of study (like a Bachelor of Arts), not a specific class.

Drop/add

Drop/add is not a term commonly used in Australian universities, but there is an equivalent period of time (usually within the first two weeks of the semester) when you may change your subjects without penalty. Make sure you know the critical dates for this at your university.

Faculty

This term refers to one of the major academic divisions within a university, not academic staff. Some faculties are: the Faculty of Arts, the Faculty of Engineering, or the Faculty of Science. Faculties are usually headed by a dean.

Halls of residence

Halls of residence are like dorms. Sometimes these are referred to as colleges. In an Australian hall of residence you will find various services like tutorials and organised social activities.

Mark

Equivalent to grade. Usually a number or a letter telling you how well you have done on an assignment. The mark may be a percentage or it may relate to another number, like 10 or 20.

‘O’ Week

Orientation Week (or ‘O’ Week) occurs at all universities just prior to the beginning of studies in the first semester (normally the last week of February). Usually there is no orientation week for students starting in the second semester (July), but universities offer some sort of program for commencing international students at that time.

School

At an Australian university the term ‘school’ refers to an academic unit (e.g. the School of Humanities). The term is never used to refer to the university itself. Australian students attending universities never refer to themselves as attending school or refer to the university as ‘my school’. Instead, they refer to themselves as attending ‘my uni’. Typically, the term school refers to primary or high school education.

Sports union

The sports union is usually a building housing sports facilities. It can also refer to the body of people who run the facilities.

Subject

In Australian universities the term ‘course’ is used for the whole program that leads to a degree or other qualification. Courses are made up of subjects.

So, if you’re studying in Australia for one or two semesters only, you’ll be taking subjects, not courses. Subjects are similar to classes.

Supplementary exams

Supplementary examinations are commonly referred to as ‘supps’. You may be granted a supp if you have narrowly failed an examination or if there is some extenuating circumstance that might explain poor performance.

Tutorial

Tutorials (more commonly referred to as ‘tutes’) are regular meetings of a small number of students (approximately 15) with a tutor. The tutor will normally set topics for the

tutorials and ask students to prepare for the tutorial by reading and presenting papers.

Unit

Another term for a subject (class).

Vice-chancellor

The most senior permanent employee at an Australian university is known as the vice-chancellor and is equivalent to the university president in the North American context. The chancellor of an Australian university is like the chairman of the Board of Trustees at a North American university.

As you already know, change can take many forms and with that comes adjustment. While living and studying abroad is an exciting adventure, it requires you to adjust to a new culture and new social and academic systems. It’s also important to remember that you’ll be beginning a new adventure away from your usual supports, networks and resources. Adjusting to a new country and culture occurs gradually, so be good to yourself and realise it will take some time. By following a few tips, you’ll be enjoying the Aussie life before you know it!

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5.0SoCiAL AndCuLturAL

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5.0SoCiAL AndCuLturAL5.1 Adjusting to life in

Australia5.2 culture shock5.3 Australian culture5.4 public holidays and

special celebrations5.5 Sport and recreation5.6 religion and faith

5.7 A greener Australia5.8 entertainment5.9 eating out5.10 meals in Australia5.11 unique Australian foods

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5.1 AdjuStiNG to liFe iN AuStrAliA

Listen, observe and ask questionsAdjustment to a new culture and way of life takes time. Allow yourself time to observe those around you and patterns of both verbal and non-verbal communication. Don’t be afraid to ask questions if there are things you don’t understand. This will reduce the chance of confusion or misunderstandings.

Become involvedMake an effort to meet people and become involved in groups, both on campus and in the wider community. Maintain an attitude of openness to new situations and experiences. Establishing friendships and joining groups are the best ways to experience and learn about Australian culture, and will certainly help you have a richer and more enjoyable time.

Try to maintain a sense of perspectiveWhen confronted with difficulties, remind yourself living and studying abroad is a challenge and it is normal to feel stressed, overwhelmed and out of your depth at times. Try to recall or make a list of the reasons you wanted to study abroad in the first place. Also, listing positive events or changes within yourself that have occurred since your arrival can help put things in perspective.

Maintain some of the routines and rituals you may have had back home. This can include small things like continuing to drink a certain type of coffee or tea, or eating specific foods. It may also include maintaining involvement

in bigger events, such as celebrating a national day in your country of origin with a group of friends.

Keep lines of communication open with those at homeRegularly communicating with those at home about your experiences in Australia, through emails, phone and web, is vital. Not only does it help to keep you connected with important social supports, it also helps your friends and family to understand your experiences, which will help smooth the transition when you return home.

Sense of humourImportantly, remember living in a different culture means you’ll inevitably find yourself in a range of unusual and often confusing situations. Being able to laugh in these situations will remind you that it takes time to understand different cultures and that it is okay to make mistakes.

Ask for helpDon’t be afraid to ask for assistance or support if you need it. In addition to the counselling services on your campus, there are many organisations for the sole purpose of helping ensure you have a successful and enjoyable time in Australia.

Finally, relax and enjoy the journey!

‘The culture of Australia allowed me to see that there are different types of diversity around the world, which we should all experience to help us grow and understand the world we live in today. As a Latino, I enjoyed seeing that Australia is unique in its representation of many cultures present in the country as a whole.’

Juan Mojica, a student at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, studied abroad at Griffith University.

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5.2 culture ShockYou’ve heard the term before. It’s the feeling of being out of place in an unfamiliar or even sometimes familiar environment. It’s what you may feel when the initial excitement of moving to a new country wears off and different cultural expectations challenge you.

The stress of dealing with these challenges can result in feelings of hostility, frustration and alienation with your host country or present environment and homesickness. But don’t be discouraged. As you’ll see in the chart below, everything eventually smooths out once you’ve had a chance to adjust.

Feeling very unhappyLonely, homesick, confused, depressed, doubt (Did I make the right decision coming to Australia?) (Will I succeed?)

Before leavingHappy, excited, YIPPEE! (sad to say goodbye)

Before returning homeHappy, excited, YIPPEE!

(sad to say goodbye)

Process of cultural adjustment

(for some the process will not be as severe)

ArrivalHappy, tired, jet-lagged (a little bit confused)

AdjustingMaking friends, feeling happy, understanding

things, socialising, feeling settledCulture shock

Everything is new and different (What is it with these Aussies?!!)

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Overcoming culture shock There are many similarities between life in Australia and in North America. So it’s likely that whatever culture shock you experience, it won’t be too severe. However, you should still give yourself time to adjust to your new life in Australia. The tips below will help you cope with culture shock.

• Recognition: You should remember culture shock is a normal part of your adjustment and you may have some of the symptoms. Some of your reactions may not be normal for you; you may be more emotional or more sensitive, or lose your sense of humour. Recognising your culture shock symptoms will help you learn about yourself as you work your way through it.

• Beobjective:Try to objectively analyse the differences you are finding between your home and Australia. Look for the reasons why Australia does things differently. Remember that Australian customs and norms are (mostly) logical to us, just as your customs and norms at home are logical to you.

• Setgoals:Set some goals for yourself to redevelop your feeling of control. These should be small tasks that you can accomplish each day. For example, if you do not feel like leaving your room, plan a short activity each day that will get you out. Go to a post office or store to buy something, ride a bus or go to a sporting event. Each goal you achieve will give you more self-confidence and convince you that you can cope.

• Shareyourfeelings: Find local friends who are sympathetic and understanding. Talk to them about your feelings and specific situations. They can help you understand ideas from their cultural point of view.

5.3 AuStrAliAN culture

Mates and mateshipAustralians are usually very friendly but tend to stay with friends they know and feel most comfortable getting to know a new person over a period of time. You’ll find that Australians value their friendships and will keep them for a long time.

In a country that honours the custom of ‘mateship’, making friends is an important part of living the Australian culture. While many Australians are in agreement that the individual comes first, there is a strong history of ‘mateship’ that says a lot about the Australian character. There has always been a tradition of mateship, particularly between members of trade unions and even among some high status professionals.

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It is much easier to speak to an Australian once you’ve been introduced to him or her. However, if you start talking to people in a club or a bar, the conversation will be fairly informal, although men and women will often shake hands upon introduction. Generally speaking, Australians are not offended if they are addressed by their first name. But to be safe, it is always wise to be sure this is acceptable to a person who is older than you or in a position of authority.

‘Mate’ is a word commonly used by men when they are talking to another man of equal or lower status. Women use ‘mate’ also but less often.

The most obvious manifestation of mateship is in the ‘shout’ when a few people get together, at a pub for example, and buy drinks for one another. Everybody takes a turn to ‘shout’ the others.

Australian slang Much common word usage, or slang, may seem strange to people new to Australia. Slang words start from many different sources. Some words are shortened versions of longer words. Many were expressions already used by migrants who came from the north of England. If you are unsure what an expression means, it is all right to ask the person to explain. Some common expressions are:

Bring a plate—When you’re invited to a party and asked to ‘bring a plate’ this

means to bring a dish of food to share with your host and other guests. Take the food to the party in any type of dish, not just a plate, and usually have it ready to serve. This is common for communal gatherings at university, work or club. If you are unsure what to bring, you can ask the host.

BYO—When an invitation to a party says ‘BYO’, this means ‘bring your own’ drink. If you do not drink alcohol, it is acceptable to bring juice, soft drink or soda or water. Some restaurants are BYO. You can bring your own wine to these (but not beer, spirits, soda or water), although there is usually a charge for providing and cleaning glasses called a corkage fee.

G’day—Greeting to say hello. Many Australians say ‘G’day’, but you must remember this is a fairly familiar greeting and is not often used in formal situations. Australians would prefer you not overdo the use of G’day.

Arvo—This is short for afternoon. ‘Drop by this arvo’, means please come and visit this afternoon.

Fortnight—This term describes a period of two weeks.

Snag—Sausages usually cooked at a BBQ. They can be made of pork, beef or chicken.

Chook—The term chook means a chicken, usually a hen.

‘Having not been away from home for very long (or very far away!), I tried to prepare myself for a challenging transition period, but I felt immediately comfortable in Australia, thanks in large part to the people who go out of their way to make you feel welcome. Australia quickly became my home-away-from-home. While I was staying with an Aboriginal family, every single day was a new eye-opening experience in itself! The time that I spent with them exposed me to Australia’s ancient history and culture. The opportunity to learn from them gave me great insight into the country and its diverse people. It was an adventurous and deeply meaningful experience provided by a fun-loving group of people. That is Australia, in my mind!’

Erin Baldwin, a communications major at the College of St Benedict, studied abroad at University of Notre Dame, Australia.

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Cuppa—A cup of tea or coffee. ‘Come by for a cuppa’, means please come and have a cup of tea or coffee.

Loo or dunny—These are slang terms for toilet. If you are a guest in someone’s house for the first time, it is usually polite to ask permission to use the toilet.

Fair dinkum—Honest, the truth. When used as a question, it means, ‘Is it really true?’

To be crook—This term means to be sick or ill.

Flat out—Busy.

Shout—To buy someone a drink. At a bar or a pub when a group of friends meet, it is usual for each person to ‘shout a round’, meaning buy everybody a drink. Each person takes a turn at buying a round. It is also acceptable to say that you do not drink (alcohol) by saying that you are a teetotaller. This also means you are not obliged to shout.

Bloke—A man.

How ya goin?—‘How are you going’? Means how are you, or how do you do? It does not mean what form of transport you are taking.

Ta—Thanks.

For more information on Australian slang visit www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/slang.

Social customsAchievement

At first glance, you may think that Australians are less achievement or goal-oriented than North Americans. Not so. In Australia, to win the respect of others, you have to show what you know and what you can do, but in a quiet and less assuming way. Australians tend to downplay their achievements. However, don’t let this fool you into believing they’re not high achievers.

Class

It is often said Australia is a classless or egalitarian society. Values and attitudes in Australia make class very hard to gauge. Although there are people who have been very successful financially, Australians tend to view financial success with some scepticism and don’t like people bragging about themselves.

Humour

As a whole, Australians have a great capacity to laugh, especially at themselves. You’ll detect an underlying sense of wry humour and a willingness to laugh and offer a comment that makes fun of something. In Australian culture it is very important to be able to ‘take the piss’, so bring your sense of humour with you.

Gifts

If you are visiting someone’s home, it is normal to bring a gift, such as a bottle of wine or box of chocolates. This may prove difficult for a newcomer given the range of

‘Studying abroad was easily the most personally transforming experience of my entire life. I learned so much about myself, including that I had the ability and independence to live on my own without close friends or family around. Australia is the perfect place to take you just far enough into another culture that you are out of your comfort zone, but still has some of the familiar things of home like English, once I figured out all those slang words!’

Jill Yashinsky, a communications major at St Norbert College, studied abroad at Bond University.

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style and variance in quality of Australian wines. Ask for help at the liquor shop, or rather a ‘bottle shop’ or ‘bottle-o’ as they’re called in Australia. Liquor shops can be found adjacent to most large supermarkets, as well as hotels or pubs.

Noise

Australians can be as noisy as anybody else, especially in the context of parties and sporting contests. It is worth noting, however, that Australians tend to speak at a much lower decibel range than people from the US. Keep this in mind when you’re getting to know your Australian mates and keep your voice down. You wouldn’t want to be known as ‘that loud American!’

Queuing

People usually queue or stand in line when they are waiting in turn for a taxi, bus, at a ticket counter or for a cashier. Never push ahead of others or ‘jump the queue’—it won’t be tolerated.

Special Note to US Students About Anti-AmericanismAustralians regularly watch American TV and movies, and hear about the US in the news on a daily basis. Australians are therefore familiar with the US, but they may also have a distorted picture of what Americans are really like. This is because the news services tend to highlight problems and crises, and because the American movie industry has focussed for so long on violence and urban problems.

You will find that Australians may react to you in some or all of the following ways:

• Bemusedgoodhumour.

• Questioning(askingyoutojustifytheactions/state of your country).

• FrequentreferencestotheUSintermsofmedia stereotypes.

• SuggestionsthatAmericancultureiscrass and unsophisticated.

• Jokesaboutorfascinationwithyour accent.

• Jokesabout‘loud’Americansand‘ugly’ Americans.

You should not take these things personally. What you should do is take the opportunity to set the record straight. You will not achieve much in a direct confrontational argument, but you will find that by quiet persistence and by personal example you will bring people around. You are not responsible for the actions of your country, but it does mean that occasionally you might be asked to account for them.

Common Misconceptions

Many times Americans and Canadians are mistaken for one another because their accents are similar. Don’t take offense! You’re neighbours afterall.

5.4 puBlic holidAYS ANd SpeciAl celeBrAtioNSLike many countries, Australia has certain days each year that are special days of national meaning. Australia may recognise the day with a holiday for everyone or it can celebrate the day as a nation with special events. Most states and territories observe some of the public holidays on the same date, though they may also celebrate on different dates or have some days that only their state or territory celebrates. In larger cities, most shops, restaurants and public transport continue to operate on public holidays. In smaller towns, most shops and restaurants close.

Australia DayAustralia Day, 26 January, is the day Australia celebrates its nationhood. The day is a public holiday that marks the first settlement by European people.

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Anzac DayAnzac Day is on 25 April, the day the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) landed at Gallipoli in Turkey in 1915 during World War I. This day is for remembering those who fought and who lost their lives to war. This holiday is marked by ceremonies and military parades. You’ll find many towns have an ANZAC Day parade and ceremony culminating in the laying of memorial wreaths at a monument or war memorial.

Queen’s BirthdayThe Queen’s Birthday holiday celebrates the birthday of Queen Elizabeth II, who is not only Queen of the United Kingdom but also Queen of Australia. The Queen’s Birthday is a public holiday celebrated on a Monday (usually in June). Having the Queen’s Birthday on a Monday results in a three-day, long weekend.

Melbourne Cup Day The Melbourne Cup is a two-mile international horse race run on the first Tuesday of November each year, attracting

the finest racehorses from around the world. It’s known as the ‘race that stops a nation’, as most people stop to watch the race broadcast on television. Melbourne Cup Day is a public holiday in metropolitan Melbourne in its home state of Victoria.

Boxing Day Test Don’t let the name fool you. Australia’s Boxing Day Test has nothing to do with throwing punches. 26 December is the opening day of the traditional Boxing Day Test at the Melbourne Cricket Ground between the Australian Cricket Team and an international touring side. It is the most anticipated cricket match each year in world cricket and tickets are usually sold out months in advance. (You can leave your boxing gloves at home.)

5.5 Sport ANd recreAtioNOne thing that can be said of most Australians is that they really know how to live out their leisure time to the fullest.

© Tourism Australia

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Australians enjoy a ‘barbie’ (barbecue) and game of backyard cricket. They like ‘barracking’ (cheering) their team at Aussie rules football, soccer, rugby, netball (or just about any other sport you can think of) or celebrating at one of the many festivals and events held annually across the country. They also like throwing a tent in the car and heading off to camp in the wilderness. One thing is for sure: there’s always something happening and many opportunities for you to get involved.

SportAustralians love their sport—both playing it and watching it. Football is such a passion that there are four different kinds of football, each with their own national league and avid fan base. You might be shocked when you notice that the players don’t wear protective gear like you see in North America. It all makes for an exciting spectator event.

Australian Rules FootballThe number-one watched sport in the country is Australian Rules Football (or Aussie rules). In Melbourne you can pass through the suburbs of Carlton, Collingwood, Hawthorn, North Melbourne, Footscray, Essendon, Richmond and St Kilda, all of which have a team in the elite Australian Football League (AFL). This league was once exclusive to the state of Victoria, but since 1982 has included other states. Being part of a crowd at an AFL game is an Australian must, even if you don’t like sport that much. The AFL season runs from March to September. Find your local team at www.afl.com.au.

National Rugby LeagueThen there’s the National Rugby League (NRL), which is most popular in New South Wales and Queensland. The highlight of the

‘The most peculiar difference that lies between North America and Australia in sports is Australians favour a more brutal version of American football: rugby and Aussie League football. The players, despite lacking protective gear, ram each other at full speed! I would definitely recommend seeing some Australian sporting events while studying in Australia.’

Robert Bautista, a pre-med student at University of Southern California, studied abroad at the University of Queensland.

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season is the annual State of Origin series between New South Wales and Queensland, played over three matches in May and June. The regular NRL season runs from March to September.

Apart from the World Cup, Bledisloe Cup games against New Zealand are highly anticipated and form part of a Tri Nations tournament that also includes South Africa. For a schedule of games, visit www.nrl.com.

SoccerSoccer is also popular, particularly since the Australian national men’s team, the Socceroos, played in the 2010 World Cup in South Africa. From a participation and spectator viewpoint, soccer is one of the growth sports in Australia. The new national A-league competition has enjoyed tremendous support. The A-league season runs from August to February. The national women’s league is also televised and the national women’s team, the Matildas, consistently does well on the international stage. Find local soccer clubs on www.footballaustralia.com.au.

SwimmingSurrounded by sea, it’s not surprising Australia is a nation of swimmers. Be sure to pack your bathing suit, because there are many opportunities to test the waters. There are plenty of public swimming pools as well as great swimming beaches.

SurfingSurfing is a hugely popular sport and pastime, marked by big events like the Bells Beach Surf Classic. Popular beaches are patrolled by surf lifesavers during summer and patrolled areas are marked by flags. Even so, surf beaches can be dangerous places to swim if you aren’t used to the conditions. Undertows (or ‘rips’) are the main problem. A number of people are also paralysed every year by diving into waves in shallow water and hitting a sand bar. Remember to always check the depth

of the water before you leap, and use common sense.

CricketSpending a fine summer day at the cricket ground is a great Australian tradition you may want to experience for yourself. To find out more, including how to find a local club if you’re interested in playing, have a look at Cricket Australia’s website: www.cricket.com.au.

TennisIn tennis, the Australian Open is the first Grand Slam tournament of the year, taking place in Melbourne in January. It attracts more people to Australia than any other sporting event. The Tennis Australia website (www.tennisaustralia.com.au) has a good search engine for finding local clubs all over Australia.

Basketball and NetballThere are 1.2 million netballers in the country, which makes netball Australia’s most popular participation sport. Derived from an early version of women’s basketball, netball is similar to its American counterpart, except without dribbling! Women’s basketball is also popular. Australia’s National Basketball League (NBL) and Women’s National Basketball League (WNBL) play from September to February.

Netball Australia: www.netball.asn.au Basketball Australia: www.basketball.net.au

Clubs and OrganisationsThe list of sporting opportunities also includes hockey, horse racing, sailing, car racing, golf, softball and cycling; such is the love of sport in Australia. All of the sports listed here are open to everyone, either as a participant or spectator. So pick out several to try or to observe while you’re in Australia and find out what the excitement is all about.

Australia has more than 120 national sporting organisations and thousands of state and regional bodies, so there’s a good chance

there’ll be one close by that caters to your interest. Universities and local councils (and the websites listed above) are good places to find out about sporting opportunities in your area. When it comes to watching, you can simply buy tickets on the day at the venue for most sports. Big finals series, like the AFL Grand Final or the Australian Open, are likely to sell out and you should buy tickets in advance through an agent, such as Ticketek (www.ticketek.com.au) or Ticketmaster (www.ticketmaster.com.au).

5.6 reliGioN ANd FAithAs one of the most multicultural countries in the world, Australia is accepting of all religions and your right to practice your faith without persecution or discrimination is protected by law. You’ll find that university and vocational institutions often have prayer rooms on campus and there are many places of worship, representing all faiths, in towns and cities around the country. To find out where you can practice your faith in your community, talk to your international office or your institution’s chaplain.

Catholic: www.catholic.org.au

Episcopal (Anglican): www.anglican.org.au

Methodist/Presbyterian (United Church): www.uca.org.au

Judaism: www.jewishaustralia.com

Islam: www.islam-australia.net/

Buddhism: www.buddhismaustralia.org

5.7 A GreeNer AuStrAliA

If you’re not already ‘green’, then you will be once you begin living in Australia. Even though Australia has weather similar to California, most of your housing options will not be air-conditioned, and if they are, it will typically only be in a common room. Being environmentally conscientious, Australians use fans and keep the windows open. During the cooler fall and winter seasons, Australians tend to bundle up rather than heating an entire house.

Australia is a very dry country and water is a precious commodity. Most Australian cities

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and towns experience drought from time to time and often enforce water restrictions. You’ll notice Australians do not waste water. Four-minute showers, turning off the faucet when brushing your teeth, or watering plants with used bath water are just a few nifty

ways to conserve water. Most people bring their own reusable grocery bags and are charged to use plastic ones at the store. Soon enough you too will be in the greener Australian mindset.

‘During my time abroad, I found that Australians are very conscious about their impact on the environment. Cloth reusable bags are the norm, and you rarely see a store give out plastic bags. Most people hang their clothes on clothing lines outside of their apartments/houses, or use drying racks to save energy. Every toilet I encountered was a dual-flush, which saves on the amount of water being used for each flush. Also, at my university, few students had cars on campus. This meant more walking, taking public transportation, or carpooling to places, such as the mall or grocery store. I realised, even more so after I returned home, just how environmentally friendly Australia really is!’

Katie Nicholson, a business and economics major at the University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, studied abroad at Southern Cross University.

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5.8 eNtertAiNmeNt

FestivalsIf you’re a lover of the arts, you’ll want to take the opportunity to check out some of the numerous festivals that take place around the country. Australia’s arts festivals attract people from all over the country to see drama, dance, music and visual arts. The huge Festival of Sydney, held annually in the month of January, includes open-air concerts, street theatre and fireworks. The Adelaide Arts Festival takes place at the beginning of March in even-numbered years. Womadelaide, Adelaide’s outdoor festival of world music and dance, is held in the second week of March each year. The Perth International Arts Festival is the oldest international arts festival in Australia and is Western Australia’s premier cultural event, held each year in February. Melbourne has a Comedy Festival in April, the world’s biggest Writers’ Festival in September and the fabulous Melbourne International Festival in October. A couple of festivals celebrating Aboriginal arts and culture include the Stompen Ground Festival, held in Broome in October, and the Barunga Wugularr Sports & Cultural Festival, held near Katherine in June.

Sporty fun includes Darwin’s Beer Can Regatta in August, when a series of races are held for ‘boats’ constructed entirely of beer cans, while Alice Springs holds the Henley-on-Todd, a boat race on a dry river bed!

If you’re a music fan, you’ll want to visit some of the diverse music festivals offered during Australia’s warmer months, including the Big Day Out, which brings together some of the biggest names from the Australian and international music scene for a series of shows around the country in January and February each year. Other popular rock festivals include Splendour in the Grass in Byron Bay, NSW (July), Homebake in Sydney (December) and the Falls Festival

held in both Lorne, Victoria, and Marion Bay, Tasmania (December/January).

Gay festivals include Sydney’s massive and flamboyant Gay & Lesbian Mardi Gras, in February/March, and Melbourne’s January/February Midsumma Festival.

FilmWhile you will always be able to find American films showing at the nearest cinema, the Australian film industry also produces many interesting films worth checking out. Recent successes include

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‘Australia’ (2008), ‘Animal Kingdom’ (2010) and ‘Daybreakers’ (2010). Liam and Chris Hemsworth, Nicole Kidman, Cate Blanchett, Hugo Weaving, Naomi Watts, Hugh Jackman, Eric Bana, Russell Crowe and Toni Collette are just some of Australia’s talent who have had success in both Australia and Hollywood. The Australian industry has seen remarkable advances, with the development of studios sophisticated enough to accommodate productions of the size and complexity of ‘The Matrix’ trilogy, ‘Mission Impossible II’, ‘Moulin Rouge’, ‘Star Wars Episodes I, II and III’ and ‘Superman Returns’.

Visual artsAustralia’s visual arts reflect both past and present. In the early 1970s, the works of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander artists attracted international attention. The transfer of dreamtime designs from sand paintings to boards and canvasses by elders of the Northern Territory Pintupi people was one of the main initiatives that created new connections between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian culture. Acclaimed artists Rover Thomas and Emily Kngwarreye’s paintings are grounded in the spiritual traditions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures.

Artists such as Arthur Streeton, Tom Roberts and Sidney Nolan captured life in the country in the late 19th and 20th century, while contemporary artists, such as William Robinson and Tracey Moffat, use a range of media—including photography, sculpture, installation, drawing and performance art—to produce works that reflect issues confronting contemporary Australia.

National Gallery of Australia: www.nga.gov.au

National Museum of Australia: www.nma.gov.au

Collections Australia Network: www.collectionsaustralia.net

Performing artsIf you like theatre, you’ll want to make time to experience Australian opera, ballet and dance. Australia’s performing arts are full of energy, originality and diversity. Companies—such as Circus of Oz and the Australian Chamber Orchestra—and Indigenous groups—such as Bangarra Dance Theatre and the Aboriginal and Islander Dance Theatre—are acclaimed around the world for the quality of their productions.

Australian dance is renowned for its exuberance and originality. Major companies, such as the Australian Ballet and Sydney Dance Company, tour regularly with a diverse repertoire of Australian and international work. Australian choreographers and dancers, such as Lucy Guerin, Gideon Obarzanek and Maggie Sietsma, produce contemporary work that is finding new audiences through seasons at nightclubs and other unconventional venues.

Each Australian state and territory has a major theatre company in addition to smaller but well-known companies and theatre groups.

Opera Australia: www.opera-australia.org.au

Australian Ballet: www.australianballet.com.au

Sydney Dance Company: www.sydneydancecompany.com

Sydney Theatre Company: www.sydneytheatre.com.au

Melbourne Theatre Company www.mtc.com.au/

dreamtime is, for Australian Aboriginal people, when the Ancestral Beings moved across the land and created life and significant geographic features.

© Tourism Australia

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Collections Australia Network: www.collectionsaustralia.net

Performing artsIf you like theatre, you’ll want to make time to experience Australian opera, ballet and dance. Australia’s performing arts are full of energy, originality and diversity. Companies—such as Circus of Oz and the Australian Chamber Orchestra—and Indigenous groups—such as Bangarra Dance Theatre and the Aboriginal and Islander Dance Theatre—are acclaimed around the world for the quality of their productions.

Australian dance is renowned for its exuberance and originality. Major companies, such as the Australian Ballet and Sydney Dance Company, tour regularly with a diverse repertoire of Australian and international work. Australian choreographers and dancers, such as Lucy Guerin, Gideon Obarzanek and Maggie Sietsma, produce contemporary work that is finding new audiences through seasons at nightclubs and other unconventional venues.

Each Australian state and territory has a major theatre company in addition to smaller but well-known companies and theatre groups.

Opera Australia: www.opera-australia.org.au

Australian Ballet: www.australianballet.com.au

Sydney Dance Company: www.sydneydancecompany.com

Sydney Theatre Company: www.sydneytheatre.com.au

Melbourne Theatre Company www.mtc.com.au/

© Tourism Australia

Contemporary musicIf the Australian Chamber Orchestra does not quench your thirst for music, then try something more contemporary. In Australia, you’ll find a thriving music scene—from rock to pop, to country music—from Australian, American and internationally-renowned artists. In pubs and clubs, cover bands play for audiences of all sizes. Many of them accompany the big name acts that visit Australia. Well-known Australian singers and bands that have received air play around the world include Gotye, Sia, Kylie Minogue, Keith Urban, AC/DC, INXS, Savage Garden and Olivia Newton-John.

The national youth radio station, Triple J, actively promotes emerging Australian talent across all genres of contemporary music, from hip hop to hard rock to dance music. You can listen to Triple J over the internet before you arrive in Australia to get a taste of the many great bands and artists you will become familiar with while you are here. Artists like Wolfmother, The Vines, Pendulum, Knife Party, Hilltop Hoods, Jet, John Butler Trio, The Veronicas and Ben Lee also enjoy international acclaim.

Australian Music Online: www.amo.org.au

MTV Australia: www.mtv.com.au

Triple J: www.triplej.abc.net.au

ARIA Awards: www.ariaawards.com.au

TelevisionTelevision is a mix of free-to-air and cable delivery. The government-funded broadcasts are found on ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) stations and channels. While the ABC is government-funded, it is by legal statute independent and is free to be critical of the government.

SBS (Special Broadcasting Service) stations and channels provide programming that service Australia’s multicultural communities. SBS Television broadcasts in English and also shows many programs from non-English speaking countries in their original languages. It has one of the largest subtitling departments in the world.

Australia’s Indigenous commercial broadcaster, Imparja, broadcasts out of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory, and features

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a mix of major network and Indigenous programming. Satellite and cable pay television and digital television broadcasting are also available in Australia, however only about 25 per cent of Australian households subscribe to these services.

BooksIf you’re an avid reader, you’ll enjoy living amid the beauty and culture described in books by well-known Australian authors. Australian authors have had much success all over the world, with novelist Patrick White

winning the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1973. Writers, such as Henry Lawson and A.B. Paterson (who wrote Waltzing Matilda and Man from Snowy River) highlight unique aspects of Australian culture, including the environment and multiculturalism. You may want to take some time out from your studies to read works by current popular writers Tim Winton (Dirt Music, Breath) and Robert Dessaix (Twilight of Love: Travels with Turgenev), who write non-fiction. Aboriginal writers offer their own unique perspective on Australian society. Taking the time to read a few Australian novels can be a great way to learn a bit more about Australian culture.

5.9 eAtiNG outIf you’re a ‘foodie’, Australia is an exciting culinary destination. Its diverse cultural heritage has resulted in some of the finest and most varied cuisine in the world. There are restaurants for all tastes, with Asian, Middle Eastern, African and European food heavily represented. Australian cuisine itself is a mixture of all these influences, with traditional dishes given an Australian flavour. Part of the experience of living in another country is sampling the local favourites, so get your pallet ready for some Australian ‘bush tucker’ such as chilli kangaroo tail, savoury kebabs, sweet yam gnocchi or lemon myrtle linguine.

For cooking at home, you’ll find a wide range of international ingredients at major supermarkets and specialty food stores so you can try your hand at creating your own Australian favourites. There is also a wide range of foods available for people with special diets, such as gluten- or dairy-free products, vegetarian and vegan products and halal meats.

RestaurantsAustralians are very relaxed about eating out and for them it is an event. They are

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winning the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1973. Writers, such as Henry Lawson and A.B. Paterson (who wrote Waltzing Matilda and Man from Snowy River) highlight unique aspects of Australian culture, including the environment and multiculturalism. You may want to take some time out from your studies to read works by current popular writers Tim Winton (Dirt Music, Breath) and Robert Dessaix (Twilight of Love: Travels with Turgenev), who write non-fiction. Aboriginal writers offer their own unique perspective on Australian society. Taking the time to read a few Australian novels can be a great way to learn a bit more about Australian culture.

5.9 eAtiNG outIf you’re a ‘foodie’, Australia is an exciting culinary destination. Its diverse cultural heritage has resulted in some of the finest and most varied cuisine in the world. There are restaurants for all tastes, with Asian, Middle Eastern, African and European food heavily represented. Australian cuisine itself is a mixture of all these influences, with traditional dishes given an Australian flavour. Part of the experience of living in another country is sampling the local favourites, so get your pallet ready for some Australian ‘bush tucker’ such as chilli kangaroo tail, savoury kebabs, sweet yam gnocchi or lemon myrtle linguine.

For cooking at home, you’ll find a wide range of international ingredients at major supermarkets and specialty food stores so you can try your hand at creating your own Australian favourites. There is also a wide range of foods available for people with special diets, such as gluten- or dairy-free products, vegetarian and vegan products and halal meats.

RestaurantsAustralians are very relaxed about eating out and for them it is an event. They are

prepared to put a lot of time into the meal and they aren’t too concerned with slow service. Australians are also not likely to ask for special adaptations of their meal (e.g. no anchovies, hold the mushrooms, dressing on the side). The servers don’t depend on tips for their livelihood, which may affect the service. On the other hand, the server won’t be hovering around your table waiting for you to leave so that they can get more tips.

You’ll need to get accustomed to the names of meals, as they are different than in North America. In the workplace, the old Australian term ‘smoko’ might be used to refer to morning and afternoon teas. The term comes from the custom of stopping work for a cigarette and a cup of tea. As most work places are now smoke-free, not much smoking happens during smoko.

Quite often what you are accustomed to may be served slightly differently in Australia. A pizza or pasta with marinara sauce means a seafood sauce, not a tomato sauce. A Napoli sauce will be closer to what you are accustomed. A ‘main’ is an entree in Australia while an ‘entree’ is an appetizer. Get these terms straight or you may be eating your crab dip for dinner!

Other differences

• Icewaterislessoftenservedatthetablethan it is in the US and Canada. You may have to request it.

• WineisverypopularinAustralia,particularly at meal time. Bring your own wine or ‘BYO’ suggests that, if you are dining with friends or colleagues, each person in the party will be contributing one or more bottles of wine to share with everyone at the table.

• Australianseatwithbothaknifeandafork at the same time.

Tipping

Tipping is not customary in Australia and service charges are not added to accounts

by hotels and restaurants. However, tipping in restaurants is becoming more common, especially in high-end restaurants and bars where you may want to tip up to 10 per cent of the bill for good service. You are not required to tip taxi drivers although they accept rounded-up tips.

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Australian wines are sold in over 90 countries around the world and are likely to be found in some of the finest restaurants the world over. Australia’s penfolds Grange is widely regarded as one of the premier red wines of the world and vintage bottles have sold for up to Aud$50 000 at auction.

5.10 meAlS iN AuStrAliA

Australian North AmericanBreakfast/Brekkie Breakfast

Morning Tea (10-11 am)

Lunch Lunch

Afternoon Tea (3-4 pm)

Tea/Dinner Dinner/Supper

Supper Late-night snack

5.11 uNiQue AuStrAliAN FoodSWhile you are studying in Australia, make sure you take the opportunity to sample some local delicacies, which are just a few examples of great Australian food.

LamingtonsSponge cake coated with chocolate and covered in coconut.

Tim TamsChocolate biscuits (cookies) which come in a variety of flavours. The ‘Tim Tam Slam’ is when a person drinks a hot beverage through a Tim Tam, after having bitten off both ends of the biscuit.

My notes:

VegemiteA food paste or spread made from yeast extract. Don’t let the dark chocolaty appearance fool you—Vegemite is salty, not sweet!

Meat piesA small pie filled with meat and sometimes vegetables. Meat pies are similar to a chicken pot pie, come in a variety of flavours and can be found at bakeries and grocery stores.

Pavlova A meringue dessert, usually topped with fresh fruits.

Anzac biscuitsA sweet biscuit that has long been associated with the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC). You can buy these or make them on your own. Be sure to enjoy them on ANZAC day!

Sausage rollsSausage wrapped in pastry. These can also be found at bakeries or at your local grocery store.

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My notes:

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6.0returninGHome

FutureLeader

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6.0returninGHome6.1 reverse culture shock6.2 updating your résumé6.3 Alumni networks6.4 migrating to Australia

FutureLeader

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6.1 reVerSe culture ShockAs happy as you’ll be to return home to your friends and family, it’s sometimes difficult to return to your normal life in North America. You may experience adjustment pains, just as you did when you began your life in Australia. Studying abroad in Australia gives you the chance to stretch, to find out who you are, to be an important part of a university or college program, to consider the world, to travel and to meet people. These experiences will change you. You’ll be a different person when you return home and the people around you will be different too. The feeling of being out of the loop is common. It’s at this point of your life you must put together the experience of being in Australia with what your life is and will become. This can be a challenge, but an exciting one.

You may need to talk to your study abroad officer or academic adviser at your home university upon your return, or sit down with friends and family and discuss these feelings. This is common with students returning home. You should not feel as if you are the only one going through reverse culture shock.

Many institutions will run returning home seminars that will cover topics such as resettling, how to get your exam results, making travel arrangements, joining alumni associations and preparing for your future.

You may also experience reverse culture shock when you return home. This can be the result of not having someone to relate or talk to about your experiences. One way to help overcome this is to stay connected to Australia.

Ask your study abroad office if you can get involved as a peer adviser or go and speak at your local high school about what studying in Australia was like. You could also ask your Australian institution about how you can help them in North America. You may be

able to represent your Australian institution at a graduate school fair or study abroad fair. You can also join an alumni network (see p. 97).

6.2 updAtiNG Your réSuméAmong the many benefits of studying abroad, your experience in Australia will be attractive to employers and will be an

‘Studying in Australia opened many doors for me. Potential employers have been explicitly impressed that I studied in Australia. Also, I have received many invitations from graduate schools all over the globe to earn a PhD with professors I met while in Australia.’

Megan Tuura, a geological sciences major at University of Michigan, studied abroad at the University of Melbourne.

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able to represent your Australian institution at a graduate school fair or study abroad fair. You can also join an alumni network (see p. 97).

6.2 updAtiNG Your réSuméAmong the many benefits of studying abroad, your experience in Australia will be attractive to employers and will be an

‘Studying in Australia opened many doors for me. Potential employers have been explicitly impressed that I studied in Australia. Also, I have received many invitations from graduate schools all over the globe to earn a PhD with professors I met while in Australia.’

Megan Tuura, a geological sciences major at University of Michigan, studied abroad at the University of Melbourne.

asset to your job search. Your study abroad experience provided opportunities for personal growth as well as opportunities to build valuable skills and traits that will help you get into graduate school or land a job.

The following list offers examples of skills often developed through living and studying abroad:

SkillsEstablish rapport quicklyFunction with a high level of ambiguityAchieve goals despite obstaclesTake initiative and take risksTime management skillsAccept responsibilityCommunicate despite barriersLearn quicklyHandle difficult situationsHandle stressAdapt to new environmentsLearn through listening and observing

QualitiesSelf-relianceHigh energy level/enthusiasmAppreciation of diversityPerseveranceFlexibilityTolerance/open-mindednessAssertivenessInquisitivenessSelf-confidenceSelf-knowledgeIndependence

When including your study abroad in your résumé, think about the skills you gained and what you learned while abroad. Anecdotes and stories that demonstrate what you achieved in Australia will likely help you in job and graduate school interviews. Why did you decide to study abroad in Australia? In

what ways did your study abroad experience in Australia prepare you for a career? What was the most challenging aspect of studying in Australia, and how did you overcome that challenge?

6.3 AlumNi NetWorkSOne of the best ways to readjust and stay connected with Australia is to join an alumni network. For a complete list of alumni networks in North America, please visit www.studyinaustralia.gov.au/northamerica and click on ‘Community.’

6.4 miGrAtiNG to AuStrAliAThere are opportunities to stay or return to Australia under work permit and skilled migration programs.

Post-study work visaNew post-study visa arrangements are proposed for introduction in early 2013 for certain graduates of an Australian Bachelor’s Master’s or Doctoral degree.

• Twoyearpost-studyworkvisa:Bachelor’sdegree, Master’s by coursework

• Threeyearpost-studyworkvisa:Master’sby research

• Fouryearpost-studyworkvisa:Doctoral degree

Working holiday visaCanadian and American citizens aged 18 to 30 may qualify to work and travel in Australia

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through the working holiday visa for up to 12 months.

Visit www.immi.gov.au/visitors/working-holiday.

Skilled-independent (residence) visaThe purpose of this visa is to encourage overseas students to apply for permanent residency after they have completed their study program in Australia.

This visa uses a points test to select visa applicants with characteristics needed in the Australian labour market. You’ll need to meet the applicable pass mark to receive a visa.

Applicants for this visa do not require sponsorship.

Visit www.immi.gov.au/skilled/general-skilled-migration.

Employer-sponsored workersThis visa category is for skilled people to be employed in Australia on a temporary or

permanent basis. Applicants for these visas seeking to work for an Australian employer must be sponsored by their employer.

Visit www.immi.gov.au/skilled/skilled-workers/visa-options.htm.

General Skilled Migration programThe General Skilled Migration program is for people who are not sponsored by an employer and who have skills in particular occupations required in Australia. Applicants must be over 18 and under 45 years of age, with good English language ability and recent skilled work experience, unless they recently completed an eligible Australian qualification.

Applicants must also have skills and qualifications for an occupation listed on Australia’s Skilled Occupation List (SOL).

For details visit www.immi.gov.au/skilled/general-skilled-migration.

You may speak directly with an Australian immigration officer by calling 1 613 216 7603 between 10am and 5pm eSt monday to Friday.

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My notes:

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APPendiCeS

ProFessor

7.0 AppeNdiceS_1017.0 AppeNdiceS_101

APPendiCeSA. Weights and

measurementsB. Student property

inspection checklistc. consular help indexProFessor

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A. WeiGhtS ANd meASuremeNtS When trying to figure out conversions from Imperial to Metric, it is helpful to keep in mind the best way to learn the conversions may be just giving yourself opportunities to use converted amounts, such as grocery

shopping or filling a car with fuel. This way you will get a real-life visual of how the different system works.

Weather Degrees

Measurements CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT

1 inch (“ or in.) 2.54 centimetres (cm) -12 10

1 foot (‘ or ft.) 0.30 metres (m) -6 20

1 yard (yd.) 0.91 metres (m) -1 30

1 mile (mi.) 1.61 kilometres (km) 4 40

1 ounce (oz.) 28.34 grams (g) 10 50

1 pound (lb.) 0.45 kilograms (kg) 15 60

1 quart (qt.) 0.95 litres (L) 21 70

1 gallon (gal.) 4.54 litres (L) 26 80

32 90

37 100

to quickly convert temperature from celsius to Fahrenheit, you can double (or multiply by 2) the celsius temperature and add 30. this will give you a close approximation of what the temperature is in Fahrenheit.

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B. StudeNt propertY iNSpectioN checkliSt

Agent:

Agent phone number:

Property address:

Rent: $

Property location

Is the property close to transport, shops and campus?

Is the area noisy? Is the property on a busy road?

Property features

Do the oven and stove operate correctly?

Do the toilet and shower operate correctly?

Are there laundry facilities?

Do the light fittings work?

Are there enough electrical power points to plug in your electrical appliances without overloading electrical power boards?

Is there a telephone line already connected?

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Is the place furnished? What kind of furniture?

Is there good security?

Where locks are fitted on doors, can they be opened from the inside without a key?

Do front and back doors open easily from the inside to allow escape in case of fire?

Is a smoke alarm fitted outside your bedroom? (By law smoke alarms must be fitted and maintained)

If you are living in campus accommodation or a rooming house, are there smoke alarms in your room?

Test the smoke alarm by pressing the test button. Did the smoke alarm operate correctly?

Is there damp or mould on the walls?

Is there painting required?

Is there an insect/pest problem?

Will the landlord carry out any repairs before you move in?

Comments

My notes:

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C. coNSulAr helpAfter you arrive in Australia, it’s a good idea to register with the nearest American or Canadian consulate.

US Embassy in Australia Moonah Place Yarralumla Canberra, ACT 2600 Tel: 02 6214 5970

canberra.usembassy.gov

US Consulates-General in Australia Sydney 02 9373 9200 Melbourne 03 9526 5900 Perth 08 9202 1224

sydney.usconsulate.gov melbourne.usconsulate.gov perth.usconsulate.gov

Canadian High Commission Commonwealth Avenue Canberra, ACT 2600 Tel: 02 6270 4000 Fax: 02 6273 3285

www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/australia

Canadian Consulate-General, Sydney 111 Harrington Street New South Wales 2000 Tel: 02 9364 3000 Fax: 02 9364 3098

www.australia.gc.ca

My notes:

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indexAAcademic year 56Academic expectations 57-61Accommodation 10-12, 28-31, 103Airlines 16-17, 24, 44-45, 71Airport transportation 10-11, 19-22Alumni associations 97Application–step by step 10Apartment 28-31, 103Arriving 12, 19-22Arts, cultural and performing 87-89ATMs 23, 46Australian Customs Service 19Australian Quarantine and Inspection

Services (AQIS) 19Australian Taxation Office 52-53

BBachelor’s degree 57, 59-60, 63, 70, 97Baggage 17Banking/Banks 11-12, 22-23, 45-46Before leaving home checklist 11, 17-19Bicycles 50Booking airport transportation 19-22Booking flights 16-17, 49Budgeting 22-23, 44-45Bus 49

CCalling cards 32, 35Calling within Australia 32Calling internationally 32-35Canadian High Commission 105Car, renting 50Cell phone 34-35Climate 17Clothing 17Computers 19, 34-35, 38, 68Consumer Protection 69-70Cost of living 28-29, 44-45Course selection 63Credit cards 11, 23Credit transfer 58Cultural expectations 76-81Culture shock 77-78Currency exchange 23Customs 19

DDepartment of Immigration and

Citizenship (DIAC) 13, 15, 51Degree recognition 70Doctor 41-43Doctoral degree (PhD) 61, 97Dorms 28, 30-31, 67-68, 72, 103Driving 50-51Drinking 51, 79-80

EEating out 90-91Education terminology 72Electrical devices 18-19, 38Emergency health services 40Employment 51-53, 96-98Entertainment 87-90Exams 58, 65-66, 71Excess baggage 17

FFestivals 81-82, 87Finances 22-23, 44-45Fitting in 78-81Flights 16, 19-22, 49Friends 24, 67-68, 78-79, 96Food 38-39, 68, 90-93

GGeography 4, 6Government and politics 6-7Grading 64-67Green Australia 85-86Grocery shopping 39

HHealth insurance 10-11, 14-15, 41-43Health care 41-43Health and safety 40-43Holidays 81-82Homestay 28Hostels 24, 28Housing 24, 28-31, 71, 103-104

IImmigration 13-16, 19, 97-98Important documents to bring checklist 11International phone calls and calling cards 32-34International student support 56, 68-71Internet access 34

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JJobs 51-53, 97-98

LLaptop 19, 35Laws (see road rules) 50-51, 69Luggage 17, 19

MMaps 4-6, 32-33Markets 35-40Master’s degree 60, 97Meal Plan 68Medical cover 41Medical emergency 40Medical services 40-42Meeting Australians 67-68Migrating to Australia 97-98Mobile phones 10, 32, 34, 44-45Money 22-23, 44-46Movies 87-88Music 88-89

OObeying the law 13, 50-51On arrival checklist 12On-campus accommodation 28Off-campus accommodation 28-29Orientation 10-11, 56-57, 72Overseas Student Health Cover

(OSHC) 10, 14-15, 41

PPacking checklist 11, 17-19Permanent housing 28-31Pharmacies 18, 37, 43Postal services 35Pre-departure checklist 11, 17-19Prescription medicine 17-18, 43Public holidays 81-82Public transport 19-22, 47, 49

QQuality assurance 69-70Quarantine 19

RRadio stations 89Recognition of degrees 70Relationships 65, 71, 78-79Religion and faith 85Rental areas 28-29Rental inspections 30, 103-104Rental market 28-29

Résumé 96-97Reverse culture shock 96Road rules 50-51

SShopping 35-40Skype 34-35Slang words 79-80Social behaviour 78-81Sports and recreation 82-85STA Travel 16, 47, 49States and territories 6, 32-33Student housing 24, 28-31, 71, 103-104Student life 12, 67-68Student support services 68-71Student visas 13-16Study abroad programs 57-59Study preparation 63-67

TTax 12, 52-53Taxi 20-22, 49-50Telephones 32, 34, 44-45Television 89-90Temporary accommodation 24Time zones 4, 33Tipping 91Trains 49Transfer of credit 58Transportation 19-22, 47-51Transportation options from the airport 11, 19-22Travel 10-11, 16, 19-22, 47-51, 96, 98

UUniversity residences 24, 28, 67-68, 72US Consulates 105Utilities 30-31, 44-45

VVisas 10-11, 13-16, 41, 51, 71, 97-98Visa and citizenship information service 15Vocational diplomas 59

WWater issues 85-86Weather 17, 102Weights and Measurements 102What to pack 11, 17-19Working in Australia 13, 51-53, 97-98

Australian Trade CommissionEmbassy of Australia

1601 Massachusetts Avenue, NWWashington, DC 20036

northamerica@studyinaustralia.gov.auwww.studyinaustralia.gov.au/northamerica