gsm rf optimization
TRANSCRIPT
GSM Network RF Optimization
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RF OptimizationWorkshop
Macro Cell
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Micro Cells
AGENDAAGENDA
�� IntroductionIntroduction
�� Single Band Optimization Philosophy Single Band Optimization Philosophy
�� Network Optimization Process Network Optimization Process
�� Optimization PhasesOptimization Phases
�� Lucent BSS Optimization ParametersLucent BSS Optimization Parameters
�� Cell Selection/ Cell Reselection Cell Selection/ Cell Reselection
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�� Power ControlPower Control–– ProceduresProcedures
�� HandoverHandover–– ProceduresProcedures
�� Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
�� Drive Test EquipmentDrive Test Equipment
Single Band Optimization Philosophy Single Band Optimization Philosophy
Network Optimization Process Network Optimization Process
Lucent BSS Optimization ParametersLucent BSS Optimization Parameters
Cell Selection/ Cell Reselection Cell Selection/ Cell Reselection
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IntroductionIntroduction
� What is Optimization ?
- Activity of achieving and maintaining the required quality as designed
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� Why Optimization ?
- Deviations between plan and reality
Activity of achieving and maintaining the required
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Deviations between plan and reality
What is Optimization ?What is Optimization ?
Design
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Optimization
Implementation
What is Optimization ?What is Optimization ?
Design
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Planning
Implementation
Why Optimization ?Why Optimization ?
• Inaccuracy of radio planning- Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics- Finite terrain database resolution
• Implementation- Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
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- Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power- Antenna pattern distortion
• Environment- Seasonal environmental changes, e.g trees, leaves- Environmental changes such as new highways, new buildings
Inaccuracy of radio planningStatistical variations in the path loss characteristicsFinite terrain database resolution
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
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Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Seasonal environmental changes, e.g trees, leavesEnvironmental changes such as new highways, new buildings
Single Band Optimization PhilosophySingle Band Optimization Philosophy
� Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell, coverage holes within a cells service area must be minimized.
� Interference - A reasonable level of interference must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a quality air
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service area in order to provide a quality air
� Handover Behavior - The quality of the airto handover behavior is good, no unnecessary handovers, Rxquality at acceptable level, BTS & MS use minimum transmit power.
� Traffic Distribution - The quality of the airto traffic distribution is good, maximum amount of traffic can be handed.
Single Band Optimization PhilosophySingle Band Optimization Philosophy
Good signal level across the whole cell, coverage holes within a cells service area must be minimized.
A reasonable level of interference must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a quality air-interface.
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service area in order to provide a quality air-interface.
The quality of the air-interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is good, no unnecessary handovers, Rxquality at acceptable level, BTS & MS use minimum transmit power.
The quality of the air-interface in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good, maximum amount of traffic can be handed.
Optimization PhasesOptimization Phases
Initial Optimization
Primary Optimization
c
•Site Audit
•Proper Parameters use
•Verify Neighbors list
•Reviewing Frequency Plan
•Verify existing coverage, site design objectives
•Analysis & Identification of Problem areas/cells
•from PMS & drive test statistics,
•customer complaints
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Primary Optimization
Maintenance Optimization
c
•customer complaints
•Prioritization of problems
•Identify Solution and Implement
•Retest the problem areas
•Consistency Check of the OMC database
•Fine-tuning of parameters
•On going process, weekly optimization
• Database maintenance and consistency audits
Proper Parameters use
Verify Neighbors list
Reviewing Frequency Plan
Verify existing coverage, site design objectives
Analysis & Identification of Problem areas/cells
from PMS & drive test statistics,
customer complaints
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customer complaints
Prioritization of problems
Identify Solution and Implement
Retest the problem areas
Consistency Check of the OMC database
tuning of parameters
On going process, weekly optimization
Database maintenance and consistency audits
BSS BSS parameters related to Optimizationparameters related to Optimization
� CELL (RE) SELECTION
� POWER CONTROL
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� HANDOVER CONTROL
parameters related to Optimizationparameters related to Optimization
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BSS BSS parameters related to Optimizationparameters related to Optimization
Areas of improvement :
� Minimization of interference
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� Minimization of interference
� Handover behavior improvement
� Traffic distribution
parameters related to Optimizationparameters related to Optimization
Areas of improvement :
Minimization of interference
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Minimization of interference
Handover behavior improvement
Cell (Re)SelectionCell (Re)Selection
?
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?
2 cell (re)selection criteria:
C1 & C2
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Cell (Re)SelectionCell (Re)Selection
C1 Criteria
Used for cell selection and re
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C2 Criteria
Used in a hierarchical hierarchical selection only
Used for cell selection and re-selection
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hierarchical hierarchical cell structure for re-
Cell (Re)SelectionCell (Re)Selection
C1 = (A-
where:
A = Received Level Average
B = MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH
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B = MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH
Criteria met if C1> 0. MS will camp on to the cell with the highest C1 value.
-Max(B,0))
= Received Level Average - RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
= MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH - max.output power of the MS
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= MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH - max.output power of the MS
Criteria met if C1> 0. MS will camp on to the cell with the highest
Cell Reselect HysteresisCell Reselect Hysteresis
LAC 1
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Cell Reselect HysteresisCell Reselect Hysteresis
LAC 2
Location Update 1
Location Update 2
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Cell Reselect HysteresisCell Reselect Hysteresis
LAC 1
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Cell Reselect HysteresisCell Reselect Hysteresis
LAC 2
Reselect Hysteresis LAC1
Reselect Hysteresis LAC2
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Power ControlPower Control
SignalLevel
Range (in dBm)
0123
Rxlevel < -110 < Rxlevel < -109 < Rxlevel <
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3..........6263
-108 < Rxlevel <
-49 < Rxlevel < Rxlevel >
SIGNAL LEVELSSIGNAL LEVELS
Range (in dBm)
Rxlevel < -110110 < Rxlevel < -109109 < Rxlevel < -108
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108 < Rxlevel < -107..........
49 < Rxlevel < -48Rxlevel > -48
SIGNAL LEVELSSIGNAL LEVELS
Power ControlPower Control
SignalQuality
Range (in BER)
012
BER < 0.20.2 < BER < 0.40.4 < BER < 0.8
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234567
0.4 < BER < 0.80.8 < BER < 1.61.6 < BER < 3.23.2 < BER < 6.4
6.4 < BER < 12.8BER > 12.8
SIGNAL QUALITY LEVELSSIGNAL QUALITY LEVELS
Range (in BER)
BER < 0.20.2 < BER < 0.40.4 < BER < 0.8
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0.4 < BER < 0.80.8 < BER < 1.61.6 < BER < 3.23.2 < BER < 6.4
6.4 < BER < 12.8BER > 12.8
SIGNAL QUALITY LEVELSSIGNAL QUALITY LEVELS
Handover ControlHandover Control
TYPES OF HANDOVERS
� Mandatory HO
RXQUAL
RXLEVEL
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DISTANCE
� Power Budget HO
� Duration of stay counter
(Hierarchical Cell)
� Preprocessing to support the
following handover types:
Internal Intra-Cell Handover (BSC-
controlled)
Internal Inter-Cell Handover (BSC-
controlled)
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controlled)
External Inter-Cell Handover (MSC-
controlled)
� Inter Cell Handover may occur from:
SDCCH to SDCCH
SDCCH to TCH (directed retry)
TCH to TCH
Handover ControlHandover Control
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rxlevel(receivedby MS)
SERVER
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NEIGHBOR
Power Budget Handover MarginPower Budget Handover Margin
HO_MARGIN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HandoverTime
Power Budget Handover MarginPower Budget Handover Margin
Handover ProceduresHandover Procedures
HO Process
� BTS measures the UL and DL
measurements every 480 ms.
RXLEV-XL
RXQUAL-XL
RXLEV-NCELL(1-6)
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RXLEV-NCELL(1-6) DIST (timing advance)
� BTS reports measurements to BSC.
� BSC calculates the averaged
parameters using a sliding window:AV-RXLEV-HOAV-RXQUAL-XL-HOAV-RXLEV-SCELLAV-RXLEV-NCELL(I)AV-DIST
� BSC decides the HO execution by
comparing with threshold values.
Handover Algorithm Basic Steps
– HO Measurement Averaging (Preprocessing)
– HO Threshold Comparisons
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– HO Target Cell Identification
– HO Decision (BSC internal or
MSC)
– HO Execution (BSC internal or
MSC)
BSS Optimization ParametersBSS Optimization Parameters
Performance Determinants
� Coverage
� Interference
� Handover Behaviour
� Traffic Distribution
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Optimization Solutions
� Enable/Disable GSM features
� BSS parameters
� Neighbour cell lists
� Antenna tilt, height & azimuth
� Frequency changes
BSS Optimization ParametersBSS Optimization Parameters
Discontinuous Transmission
� Decreases interference level
� Saves battery power (uplink)
Frequency Hopping
� Decrease interference
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� Decrease interference
� Suppress Rayleigh Fading
Power Control
� Saves battery power
� Decrease interference level
Network Parameter and Network Parameter and Performance DeterminantsPerformance Determinants
Performance
Determinants
Enable
GSM BSS
meters
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GSM
Featuresmeters
Coverage
Interference
HO Behavior
Traffic Distribution
Network Parameter and Network Parameter and Performance DeterminantsPerformance Determinants
Adjustments
Para-
meters
N'bour
Cell List
Antenna
Tilt, etc
Frequency
Change
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meters Cell List Tilt, etc Change
Network Parameter and Network Parameter and Performance DeterminantsPerformance Determinants
Performance
Determinants
Enable
GSM BSS
meters
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GSM
Featuresmeters
Coverage * *
Interference * *
HO Behavior *
Traffic Distribution *
Network Parameter and Network Parameter and Performance DeterminantsPerformance Determinants
Adjustments
Para-
meters
N'bour
Cell List
Antenna
Tilt, etc
Frequency
Change
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meters Cell List Tilt, etc Change
* *
* * * *
* *
* * *
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
• Trouble Ticket - Is a document by which various problems reported
by customers are passed along through the organization
- Must reply upon experience and knowledge to
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- Must reply upon experience and knowledge to determine which option to overcome the problem
- Different scenarios can be followed to solve the problem, such as drive testing, parameters changes, antenna adjustment, etc…..
- To verify if the problem is not related to MS itself
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Is a document by which various problems reported
by customers are passed along through the
Must reply upon experience and knowledge to
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Must reply upon experience and knowledge to determine which option to overcome the problem
Different scenarios can be followed to solve the problem, such as drive testing, parameters changes, antenna adjustment, etc…..
To verify if the problem is not related to MS itself
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
• Air Interface Information
- RXLEVEL
- RXQUALITY
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- BCCH, BSIC of the serving cell
- BCCH, BSIC and RXLEVEL of the 6 best neighbours
- TIMING ADVANCE
- GSM BEST SERVER
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Air Interface Information
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BCCH, BSIC of the serving cell
BCCH, BSIC and RXLEVEL of the 6 best neighbours
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
• Drive Testing
- Propagation Measurements
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- Mobile Network Performance Monitoring•Quality Assessment•Optimization
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Propagation Measurements
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Mobile Network Performance Monitoring
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
• Drive Tests for Optimization
- Initial network coverage verification and benchmarking- Verification before and after changes
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- Verification before and after changes- Locating and measuring interference- Locating areas where traffic problems exist- Locate coverage holes- Preventive maintenance- Simultaneous measurements of the other networks
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
Verification before and after changes
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Verification before and after changesLocating and measuring interferenceLocating areas where traffic problems exist
Simultaneous measurements of the other networks
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Drive Test Data Collection
- CELL ID including BSIC, LAC, and time slot- RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells- RXQUALITY for the serving cell
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- RXQUALITY for the serving cell- BCCH, BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells- TIMING ADVANCE- TRANSMIT POWER- GPS POSITION DATA- TIME STAMPS
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC, LAC, and time slotRXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cellsRXQUALITY for the serving cell
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RXQUALITY for the serving cellBCCH, BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Drive Test Route Planning
- Primary route(street level)Includes all major roads,highways and wide thoroughfares
- Secondary route(street level)Includes all streets, subdivisions and compounds when
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Includes all streets, subdivisions and compounds when accessable
- Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)Includes golf courses, beach resorts, shopping mails,
department stores, convention centers, hotels and resorts
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Drive Test Route Planning
Includes all major roads,highways and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route(street level)Includes all streets, subdivisions and compounds when
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Includes all streets, subdivisions and compounds when
building and special locations)Includes golf courses, beach resorts, shopping mails,
department stores, convention centers, hotels and resorts
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered:
- Cell Dragging
- Dropped Calls
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- Dropped Calls
- Ping-Ponging
- System Busy
- Handover boundary
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered:
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Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging Cell Dragging -- Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary. This might result dropped calls or bad Rxquality.
Suggestions:
• Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
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• Create an appropriate neighbour cell list• Change HO parameters such as thresholds, margin, cell baring, etc• Check serving cell’s cell identifier in the neighbour cell’s neighbour list• Check neighbour cell’s BCCH, BSIC, LAC, Cell ID, etc
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary. This might result dropped calls or bad
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
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Create an appropriate neighbour cell listChange HO parameters such as thresholds, margin, cell
Check serving cell’s cell identifier in the neighbour cell’s
Check neighbour cell’s BCCH, BSIC, LAC, Cell ID, etc
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls Dropped Calls -- Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions:
• Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
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• Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined• Check HO parameters • Existing or new coverage holes• Interference, Co-channels, Adjacent channels or External interference• Serving cells might go down, coverage smaller as before• Abnormalities such as call setup failure
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Caused by either RF environments or
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
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Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Existing or new coverage holeschannels, Adjacent channels or External
Serving cells might go down, coverage smaller as beforeAbnormalities such as call setup failure
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging Ping Ponging -- Serving keep changing and as a result of
bad audio quality
Suggestions:
• Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
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• Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined• Check HO parameters • Interference, Co-channels, Adjacent channels or External interference• Lack of dominant server• Poor coverage• Not optimal antenna configuration
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Serving keep changing and as a result of
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
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Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
channels, Adjacent channels or External
Not optimal antenna configuration
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
System Busy System Busy -- System busy on several call attempts and
site appears consistently on the traffic report
Suggestions:
Short Term
• Reduce the traffic on the congested cell/site. However, the
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• Reduce the traffic on the congested cell/site. However, the proposed changes MUST NOT create any unacceptable problems such as coverage holes, dropped calls, etc Shot term solutions are re-design the antenna configuration,Add additional RTs, Change BTS configuration
Long Term
• Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
System busy on several call attempts and
site appears consistently on the traffic report
Reduce the traffic on the congested cell/site. However, the
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Reduce the traffic on the congested cell/site. However, the proposed changes MUST NOT create any unacceptable problems such as coverage holes, dropped calls, etc
design the antenna configuration,Add additional RTs, Change BTS configuration
load traffic
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary Handover Boundary -- Handovers do not occur at the
desired HO boundary, the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution across the system
Suggestions:• Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
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• Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined• Check HO parameters • Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and neighbour cells• Interference, Co-channels, Adjacent channels or External interference• No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
Drive Testing and AnalysisDrive Testing and Analysis
Handovers do not occur at the
desired HO boundary, the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution across the system
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
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Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
channels, Adjacent channels or External
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
Drive Test EquipmentDrive Test Equipment
Typical example of drive test equipment components:
• Test Mobile phone• Scanning receiver• Transceiver system• Antennas• GPS
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• GPS• Visual display unit• Microphone• Loudspeaker box• Laptop computer
Typical example of drive test equipment components:
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Drive Test EquipmentDrive Test Equipment
ERICSSON TEMS 900/1800
� Test 2 Network simultaneously
� Full Layer 2 & 3 decoding
� Control of Layer 3 msg
� Forced selection of idle and dedicated mode
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dedicated mode
� Filtering msg streams
� Rxqual in idle mode
� Sending SMS
� SIM card information
COMARCO WIRELESS
� Test 4 networks simultaneously
� GSM 900/1800, ETACS, AMPS
� Partial Layer 2 & 3 decoding
� Fast scanning receiver, GSM RF Spectrum
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Spectrum
� Ability to display adjacent channel interference screen
� Noise measurements
SAFECO WALKABOUT
� In-building coverage
Drive Test EquipmentDrive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
� Test 4 networks simultaneously
� Fast scanning receiver, UL & DL
� Frequency Hopping Table
� Spectrum Analysis
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� Channel Power
� CW Measurement
� Interference Measurement
� GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
QVOICE98
� Test 4 networks simultaneously
� Evaluate measurement both way
� Good Presentation
� Capable on measuring MOS, Speech Quality, Rxquality, Rxlevel
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Speech Quality, Rxquality, Rxlevel