gs ep saf 311 - · pdf filerev. date notes . ... 5.2 oil and lpg storage ... it shall be used...

Exploration & Production

This document is the property of Total. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from the Company.

GENERAL SPECIFICATION

SAFETY

GS EP SAF 311

Rules for the selection of fire-fighting systems

03 10/2009 General revision

02 10/2005 Addition of EP root to document identification

01 10/2003 Change of Group name and logo

00 04/2001 Old TotalFina SP SEC 311

Rev. Date Notes


General Specification Date: 10/2009

GS EP SAF 311 Rev: 03


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Contents

1. Scope .......................................................................................................................3 1.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................................3 1.2 Applicability........................................................................................................................3

2. Reference documents.............................................................................................3

3. Terms and definitions .............................................................................................5

4. General principles...................................................................................................7 4.1 Fire Classes.......................................................................................................................7 4.2 Fire-fighting systems..........................................................................................................8 4.3 Additional considerations for the installation of fire-fighting systems...............................14 4.4 Rules for onshore/ offshore installations..........................................................................14 4.5 Active or passive protection.............................................................................................18

5. Selection of fire protection systems on typical areas........................................19 5.1 Processing and production installations ..........................................................................20 5.2 Oil and LPG storage ........................................................................................................21 5.3 Loading installations ........................................................................................................22 5.4 Evacuation and rescue ....................................................................................................22 5.5 Heliport and helideck .......................................................................................................22 5.6 Permanently manned and not permanently manned rooms............................................23 5.7 Unmanned rooms ............................................................................................................25 5.8 Isolated rooms .................................................................................................................26 5.9 Monitors and hydrants .....................................................................................................26 5.10 Portable extinguishers .....................................................................................................27 Appendix 1 Fire – extinguishing agents for offshore installations .........................................29 Appendix 2 AFP systems on onshore and offshore production installations ........................31





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1. Scope

1.1 Purpose The purpose of this General Specification is to determine if an active fire-fighting system is necessary to protect the installation and, if it is, to define the type(s) of active fire-fighting system(s) to be installed and where.

This General Specification is mainly based on an approach where the selection of the type(s) of fire-fighting system(s) is/ are determined by an evaluation of the hazards of the installation.

It shall be used as a guideline for the drafting of the Safety Concept and also, later, during the basic (preliminary) engineering phase.

The main objectives of an active fire-fighting system are:

• to control fires and limit escalation;

• to reduce the effects of a fire to enable personnel to undertake emergency response activities or to evacuate;

• to extinguish the fire where it is considered safe to do so;

• to limit damage to structures and equipment.

It is sometimes necessary to refer to passive fire protection systems in order to ease understanding, however passive fire protection is not addressed in this document (refer to GS EP SAF 337), which is strictly limited to fire-fighting systems.

1.2 Applicability This General Specification applies to all hydrocarbons processing or production facilities, both onshore and offshore (fixed and floating), such as:

• Offshore Processing and Production Installations (both fixed and floating) including Risers

• Onshore Hydrocarbon Processing Plants / LPG storage plants – Excluding LNG (*)

• Oil Loading Installations (Jetties)

• Accommodation Block, Evacuation Routes and Muster Area

• Heliport and Helideck

• Manned Technical and Control Rooms

• Unmanned Technical Rooms

(*) For LNG projects refer to NFPA 59A.

2. Reference documents The reference documents listed below form an integral part of this General Specification. Unless otherwise stipulated, the applicable version of these documents, including relevant appendices and supplements, is the latest revision published at the EFFECTIVE DATE of the CONTRACT.





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Standards

Reference Title

ISO 13702:1999 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Control and Mitigation of Fires and Explosion on Offshore Production Installations – Requirements and Guidelines

Professional Documents

Reference Title

API RP 14G:2007 Recommended Practice for Fire Prevention and Control on Fixed Open-type Offshore Production Platforms

API Publ 2510A Fire Protection considerations for the Design and Operation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Storage Facilities – second edition

API RP 2001 Fire Protection in Refineries – eighth edition

API STD 2510 Design and construction of LPG Installations – eighth edition

IMO SOLAS International Convention for the Safety Of Life At Sea (SOLAS), 1974 and subsequent amendments

IP 15 Area Classification Code for Installations Handling Flammable Fluids: Part 15 of the IP Model Code of Safe Practice in the Petroleum Industry, third edition, July 2005

ISGOTT International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals, fifth edition (OCIMF)

NFPA 10 Standard for Portable Extinguishers

NFPA 11 Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam

NFPA 12 Standards on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems

NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems

NFPA 15 Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection

NFPA 16 Standard for the Installation of Foam - Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems

NFPA 17 Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems

NFPA 24 Standards for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and their Appurtenances

NFPA 59A Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

NFPA 750 Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems





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Regulations

Reference Title

Regulation EC No 842/2006

Regulation EC No 842 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on certain fluorinated greenhouse gases

Codes

Reference Title

Not applicable

Other documents

Reference Title

Not applicable

Total General Specifications

Reference Title

GS EP MEC 290 Rotating machines packages

GS EP SAF 227 Safety rules for fired heaters

GS EP SAF 261 Emergency Shut-Down and Emergency De-Pressurisation (ESD & EDP)

GS EP SAF 321 Fire pump stations and fire water mains

GS EP SAF 322 Fixed fire water systems

GS EP SAF 331 Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing systems

GS EP SAF 332 Water mist and gaseous fixed fire extinguishing systems

GS EP SAF 334 Foam fire extinguishing systems

GS EP SAF 337 Passive fire protection: Basis of design

GS EP SAF 341 Location and protection of onshore hydrocarbon storage

GS EP SAF 351 Escape, evacuation and rescue from fixed installations

3. Terms and definitions There are three types of statements in this General Specification: “shall”, “should” and “may”. They shall be understood as follows:





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Shall Is to be understood as mandatory. Any deviation from a “shall” statement requires a derogation approved by the COMPANY.

Should Is to be understood as strongly recommended to comply with the requirements of the specification. Alternatives shall provide a similar level of protection and this shall be documented.

May Is used where alternatives are equally acceptable.

For the purpose of this document only, the following terms and definitions apply.

Enclosed area Any building room or enclosed space within which, in the absence of failure of artificial ventilation, the ventilation is not sufficient to avoid persistence of flammable atmosphere within the area (COMPANY from IP 15).

Fixed fire water system

Fixed system (by opposition to "mobile" or "portable") such as deluge, water curtain, monitor, hydrant, etc. installed for active protection in case of fire and supplied by a specific fire water network, with pumping set and sufficient quantity of water (water storage or inexhaustible supply) (COMPANY).

Isolated (remote) room

Room where personnel are not normally present and where access time for intervention would take more than 5 minutes (COMPANY).

These definitions for rooms can be summarized as follows:

Time to access

Personnel presence < 5 minutes > 5 minutes No routine requirement Unmanned Isolated

Routine checks once per day or

once per shift

Not permanently manned Isolated

Permanent occupancy 50 % of total time per day or

25% of total time per week

Permanently manned NA

Manned/Permanently manned installation (or platform)

Installation on which people are routinely accommodated or which is occupied continuously during normal operations (COMPANY from ISO 13702:1999).

Not permanently manned installation (or platform)

Installation that is not manned all the time, but that is frequently visited during normal operations. It shall have facilities to support planned overnight stays. As a guideline, personnel are routinely accommodated for less than 12 hours per day, or less than 40 hours per week (COMPANY).

Not permanently manned room

Room which does not require the presence of personnel for normal operations, but where entrance for maintenance or control activities





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is frequent (e.g. switch-room, instrument room). The access is limited to qualified personnel and it is recognized that the intervention is quick (less than 5 minutes) in case of fire alarm (COMPANY).

Open area Open air situation where vapours are readily dispersed (COMPANY from IP 15).

Permanently manned room

Room which is continuously manned or where personnel are present most of the time, e.g. control room, radio room (COMPANY).

Sheltered or obstructed area

An area within or adjoining an open area (which may include a partially open building or structure) where, owing to obstruction, natural ventilation is restricted and less than in a true open area (IP 15).

Unmanned installation (or platform)

Unmanned installations or normally unattended installations are not manned on a 24-hour basis although they can be frequently visited. No facilities are provided for planned overnight stays, although emergency facilities are provided for personnel stuck overnight due to unforeseen circumstances (COMPANY).

Unmanned room (or enclosure)

Room (or enclosure) where personnel are not normally present and could not enter (except with difficulty) in case of fire, e.g. diesel engine or turbine enclosure (COMPANY).

4. General principles Since there are three essentials for the occurrence of fire: fuel, air (Oxygen) and a source of ignition, fire prevention procedures mainly involve identification and elimination or separation of these 3 essentials.

Fuels may then be conveniently grouped as per the type of fire they create on the basis of the materials which are burning or which have the potential to burn.

To facilitate the proper use of extinguishers on different types of fires, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has classified fires as follows.

4.1 Fire Classes Class A: fires in ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and many plastics.

Examples of such materials commonly found on offshore platforms are the following:

• Construction materials and supplies: wood decking, framework, and skids; shipping containers and fibre ropes.

• Operational materials and supplies: cleaning rags and tarpaulins.

• Waste materials: used paper and rags.

Class B: fires in flammable liquids, gases, and greases.

Examples of such materials commonly found on offshore platforms are the following:





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• Produced fluids: oils and condensates, gases and vapours, residues from produced or stored hydrocarbons.

• Construction materials and supplies: paints, welding and cutting gases.

• Operational materials and supplies: heat transfer fluids, glycols, hydraulic fluids, lubricants, and fuels.

• Miscellaneous: cleaning compounds and cooking oils and greases.

Class C (Class E in the UK): fires that involve energized electrical equipment. In this situation, electrical non-conductivity of the extinguishing agent is of importance. When electrical equipment is de-energized, the fire becomes Class A or B.

Class D: fires of combustible metals, such as Magnesium, Zirconium, Sodium and Potassium.

Class K (Class F in the UK): fires in cooking appliances that involve combustible cooking media (vegetal or animal oils and fats).

Class D fires are beyond the scope of the present specification.

4.2 Fire-fighting systems

4.2.1 Water Water is an excellent fire suppression agent due to its high specific heat and high latent heat of vaporization. It has no effect on the ozone layer or global warming.

Water is used to fight Class A fires or to control Class B fires: its mechanism is to cool fire below the ignition temperature. The different application methods in offshore and onshore facilities are:

• fire main (hoses and monitors),

• deluge,

• sprinklers,

• hand portable appliances.

The advantage of water is a rapid cooling and unlimited supply in offshore installations.

The main disadvantages are that:

• the system maintenance requirements are high (it requires 2 or more people to properly manage hoses);

• there is risk of equipment corrosion;

• there is risk of freezing.

Fire water systems are installed in offshore installations to provide exposure protection, control of burning, and/or extinguishment (with foam addition) of fires. The system design shall be based on good engineering principles and may include coverage of platform equipment such as compressors, glycol regenerators, storage facilities, shipping and process pumps, wellheads, etc.

The fire water pumping rate should be sufficient to perform all functions required by the fire control design.





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Fixed fire water systems (with the exception of fresh water mist) are not required for hydrocarbon handling equipment and associated drivers installed in enclosed areas (compressors, turbine package, etc.).

Water shall not be used on electric fires (because of conductivity), LPG or LNG fires (because it would accelerate vaporization) and in some parts of the world where cold climatic conditions prevail. Special precautions shall be taken when water is used on hydrocarbon fires because the difference of density can produce an extension of the initial hazard.

Water is not efficient against jet-fire, but water deluge is used to cool down equipment containing hydrocarbons and piping. Water shall not be used on flammable liquid fires, as it is likely to cause additional hazards (extension of initial fire, boil over or froth over on hydrocarbon fires). For further details refer to GS EP SAF 321 and GS EP SAF 322.

4.2.2 Foam Foam is used to fight Class A and B fires.

Fire in liquids hydrocarbons shall be extinguished by foam application.

Foam extinguishes flammable liquids fires by forming a floating blanket on the burning liquid surface: this prevents the liquid from forming combustible vapours (in a flammable liquid only the vapours actually burn).

The advantage of foam is that it is an excellent re-flash protection when containment integrity is maintained.

The main disadvantages are that:

• it requires water for application;

• premixed volumes shall be periodically tested and replaced;

• there is risk of freezing;

• there is risk of foam degradation by heat (foam storage shall be protected from sun radiation or shall be insulated).

Foam can be applied from a foam- or water/foam- monitor (dual tube system), foam chambers, by external mobile fire-fighting equipment (fire truck, fire-fighting boat, etc.) or through fixed standard foam-water sprinkler systems (for CAF for instance).

The CAF (Compressed Air Foam) is a homogenous foam produced by the combination of water, foam concentrate, and air or Nitrogen under pressure.

Reference is made to amendments of the NFPA 11, for the design, installation, operation, testing and maintenance of CAF systems.

The compatibility of foam and combustible materials shall be checked before use. It shall also be ensured that sufficient foam quantity is available to cover the entire area of a pool fire at one go; otherwise the partial foam blanket is destroyed by heat and the fire is out of control.

Foam application shall be limited on hydrocarbon and polar solvent pool fires or for isolating hydrocarbons from air.

Foam systems are not effective on gas pressure fires. Fire-fighting foam shall not be used to extinguish LPG jet fires. High-expansion foam can be used on LNG pool to limit evaporation.





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Fire-fighting foam shall not be used to extinguish LPG fires: the effective use of foam is questionable because the applied foam may be a source of heat and may promote LPG vaporization from the refrigerated pool (see API STD 2510).

Typical uses of foam systems are protection of retention areas, injection inside storage tanks, application on the rim of floating roof storage tanks and total flooding of sheltered areas (not considered as fully open) with oil processing equipment inside (e.g. oil shipping pump building).

On FPSOs, foam shall be provided for:

• deluge systems, monitors and hydrants serving process areas;

• deluge systems, monitors and hydrants serving the hull deck (i.e. top of the tanks);

• hydrants where liquid pool fires can be anticipated;

• monitors in diesel and methanol loading areas;

• foam system for the helideck monitors;

• foam/ water monitors to cover the forward and aft mooring lines in case of a spread moored FPSO;

• fixed foam/water deluge system and/or foam/water monitors to cover the moon-pool and gantry areas in case of a turret moored FPSO.

For further details refer to GS EP SAF 334 (foam systems design shall be in accordance with GS EP SAF 334) and GS EP SAF 341.

4.2.3 Gaseous systems Gaseous agents are especially suitable for Class C fires because they are electrically non-conductive and are also suitable for fires involving flammable liquids and other special hazards where water is undesirable.

CO2 and halogenated hydrocarbons have been commonly used in fire-extinguishing systems. Halogenated hydrocarbons are being phased out due to environmental concerns and should not be used in new applications.

In enclosed areas of a relatively small volume such as gas turbines, diesel or gas engine enclosures, technical rooms, etc., fire extinguishing shall be achieved by inert gas injection into the premise or into the equipment itself if it is suitable to do so (e.g. electrical cabinet).

Automatic discharge of gaseous extinguishing agents shall be inhibited when personnel are in an area, if there is a likelihood of harm to the personnel as a result of the discharge.

Means of initiating the systems shall be readily accessible and simple to operate.

Where systems are arranged for remote and/or automatic release, they should be installed so as to be manually operated with manual release points located at strategic locations, generally at the control valves and the entries to the protected space.

When using CO2 and/or other gases in places where there is a possibility that personnel get stuck in or enter into atmospheres that became hazardous by their discharge, suitable safeguards should be provided to:

• ensure prompt evacuation of personnel,





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• prevent personnel from entering into such atmospheres through audible and visual appliances.

Means for prompt rescue of stuck personnel should also be provided.

4.2.3.1 Halons The use of Halons is prohibited for new systems due to its detrimental effect on the ozone layer and global warming. For further details refer to GS EP SAF 332.

4.2.3.2 Halon replacements a) Halogenated hydrocarbons extinguishing agents Regulation EC No 842/2006 of the European Parliament commits the Community and its Member States to reduce their emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases, such as FM200TM and FE-13TM, for instance.

Since those products are halogenated hydrocarbons (HFC), they are now being phased out due to environmental concerns and shall not be used in new applications. They also leave residues that can be corrosive under certain circumstances.

Perfluorocarbons (PFC) are prohibited for fire protection systems and fire extinguishing systems.

b) Non-halogenated hydrocarbons extinguishing agents Some non-halogenated hydrocarbons extinguishing agents such as Fluroketon (e.g. Novec 1230TM) are now used in offshore and land-based oil and gas operations. It does not leave any messy residue to clean up, enabling systems to remain operational.

It is intended to extinguish Class B fires and it gains increased acceptance in offshore drilling, production, storage and transportation vessels – both for new builds and refurbishments.

Their application is recommended only in unmanned rooms in onshore and offshore production sites, such as:

• Computer rooms: because the action of this extinguishing product does not affect the computers components.

• Archives rooms: because the action of this extinguishing product does not destroy paper and ink.

Egress of personnel is required from a protected enclosure prior to system discharge.

For further details refer to GS EP SAF 332.

4.2.3.3 Carbon dioxide (CO2) An “inert” gas such as CO2 discharged into a closed room or into enclosed spaces can be effective in extinguishing fires.

CO2 protects satisfactorily against electrical hazards.

CO2 does not extinguish fires involving materials containing their own Oxygen supply and also some reactive materials such as metal hydrides.





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Due to static electricity hazard, fixed CO2 systems should not be used to inert a flammable atmosphere to prevent ignition. These systems do not protect against re-flash and require vapour tight integrity for the space protected.

CO2 shall not be used in rooms that can be occupied (i.e. in normally manned rooms and in not permanently manned rooms). CO2 shall not be used for protection of spaces that can be occupied by personnel due to suffocation risk.

In manned rooms, fire extinguishment by CO2 shall now be limited to the use of portable CO2 extinguishers to protect electrical equipment.

CO2 total fixed fire-extinguishing systems shall not be used inside the hull or inside the accommodation block of a FPSO.


4.2.3.4 Inert Gases Other known inert gases are:

• steam used in fired heaters: see section 4.2.6 and GS EP SAF 227.

• non-depleting inert gases (such as InergenTM or other equivalent product) extinguish Class B or C fires by reducing the amount of Oxygen in the protected space and by smothering the fires: it provides rapid cooling and leaves no residue. It requires vapour tight integrity for the space protected.

On FPSO, as CO2 shall not be used, the inert gases (such as InergenTM or other equivalent product) shall be used for fire protection applications, such as technical room floor voids, in order to both increase personnel safety and lower environmental impact.


4.2.4 Dry chemical powder Dry chemicals extinguish fires by interrupting their chemical reaction.

A dry chemical powder is composed of very small particles, usually sodium bicarbonate-, potassium bicarbonate-, or ammonium phosphate-based with added particulate material to provide resistance to packing and to moisture absorption and the proper flow capabilities.

Chloride-based agents shall be avoided because they are corrosive and do not have any superior extinguishing characteristics compared to sodium bicarbonate-based agents. Furthermore, ammonium phosphate-based (multipurpose) dry chemical residues can cause corrosion when exposed to temperatures above 120°C or relative humidity above 50%. They generate toxic fumes.

Dry chemical powder systems may be used for local fire suppression and are intended for application by means of portable extinguishers or small fixed systems. Different types of dry chemical powder exist, each one suitable for one or several types of fires, including Class D fires. They can also be used for LNG PSV on storage tanks.

The selected powder shall be hydrophobic, shall not get compacted and remain permanently fluid on demand. In case of use in a twin agent system with foam, the selected powder shall be silicone-free.





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The application of dry chemical powder may damage electrical equipment and, more generally, creates a serious problem of recovery and clean-up after discharge. It should, therefore, be avoided on fires involving computers or delicate instruments.

4.2.5 Water Mist Water mist or fine spray systems extinguish fires (Class A, B or C) by a rapid cooling effect, combined with localized displacement of Oxygen at the flame source as the mist is flashed into steam. Water mist systems have been proven effective in controlling, suppressing or extinguishing many types of fires. Potential applications include the following:

• flammable and combustible liquids;

• hazardous solids, including fires involving plastic foam furnishings;

• ordinary combustible fires (Class A) such as paper, wood and textiles.

Water mist systems may be designed to protect a single location or multiple locations.

Fire Extinction (local application): Since water mist acts much like a gas, it is most effective in enclosed spaces where application density can be maintained and the agent is not affected by wind currents.

Water mist systems have difficulty in extinguishing small fires in large volume enclosures. Applications in relatively small compartments are well documented but local application in large compartments or in open areas shall be limited to well-defined fire situations.

Fire Control (total flooding): Water mist systems are an alternative to gaseous systems. They may be used in applications suitable for a fixed gaseous or sprinkler system. Water mist control systems (fire controlled by total flooding or by curtains) are comparable to the controls for fixed gaseous systems.

Water mist shall be an alternative for CO2 total flooding fire protection for gas turbine, diesel engine or gas engine enclosures which is, in addition, provided by several suppliers as part of their integrated fire and gas system of the rotating equipment package (as per GS EP MEC 290).

Considerations that should be addressed in the evaluation of the use of water mist systems include:

• suitability of the system for the particular application;

• provision of both, a suitable water and air supply, if needed, for the particular system;

• the size of the protected area and the degree of congestion;

• the fuel type and the nature of the fires which may be experienced;

• the effect on electrical and other sensitive equipment within the area of water mist application.

The design of water mist systems shall be in accordance with NFPA 750. They shall, in particular, meet the requirements of this professional document as regards design objectives and fire test protocols.






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4.2.6 Steam The general use of steam onshore as an extinguishing agent can be ineffective mainly due to the lack of a large quantity of steam. A substantial delay occurs before sufficient air is displaced or diluted to render the atmosphere incapable of supporting combustion.

However, since steam is cooler than the flame and the water vapour has a high thermal capacity, there are special situations in which steam is effective, such as:

• smothering steam in furnace fire boxes and header boxes (such as hot oil furnaces);

• steam rings on equipment flanges;

• steam rings on hot-tap equipment and hot heat exchanger;

• steam curtain.

Steam shall not be injected into large vapour spaces such as cone roof tanks containing flammable mixtures; static electricity generation from such application is believed to have been the source of ignition for fires in the past.

4.3 Additional considerations for the installation of fire-fighting systems It is not possible to define all the fire-fighting requirements applicable to every case and regardless of circumstances. The factors listed below (and others if applicable) shall be contemplated in the process leading to the decision to install a fire-fighting system, its type and the level of protection it provides:

• equipment size (as an image of the potential hazard it presents, e.g. a storage tank);

• equipment cost (balanced against the cost of a fire protection system);

• applicable codes, regulations, Insurance Company and statutory requirements;

• facility’s geographical location (e.g. onshore versus offshore, populated versus desert area, etc.);

• criticality within the Operating Company production scheme (e.g. one out of n gathering battery versus main export pump station, local electrical substation versus main switch gear room, etc.);

• asset protection policy put in force by the Operating Company.

Each case shall be studied during project phase.

As a general rule and when the decision to implement a fire protection system on equipment has been made, the concerned equipment (e.g. pump, skid, vessel, tank, etc.) shall be entirely covered by the said protection system. If a derogation is needed, it shall be submitted to the COMPANY for approval.

4.4 Rules for onshore/ offshore installations

4.4.1 Offshore The following functional requirements are applicable to offshore installations used for the development of hydrocarbons resources, such as:

• fixed offshore structures,





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• floating production, storage and off-take systems

for the petroleum and natural gas industries.

4.4.1.1 Fixed open-type offshore production platforms

4.4.1.1.1 Manned Installations Fixed fire water systems are required for manned platforms or platforms adjacent to a manned platform.

In the following areas, typical fixed fire water systems are:

a) Well, process and hydrocarbon storage areas

• fire water systems: hose reels, monitors and manual deluge systems;

• water and foam in areas with drip pans or solid steel decking;

• automatic fixed water spray systems capable of wetting critical surfaces.

b) Enclosed well and process areas

• automatic fixed water spray systems or dry chemical systems;

• in enclosed areas: water type total flooding systems are preferred over dry chemical systems;

• gaseous systems shall not be used in these areas.

c) Open machinery areas

• manual fire water systems: on non-electric driven compressors and pumps;

• water and other agents (such as foam): in areas containing drip pans or solid steel decking;

• automatic fixed water spray/foam or water mist systems: in hydrocarbon pumps located outside the buildings;

• gaseous and dry chemical systems are not recommended for gas compressors or electrical generators outside the buildings.

d) Enclosed machinery areas

• portable dry chemical extinguishers;

• manual hose reels and foam systems shall be installed near the enclosure or the enclosed space is protected by a fixed gaseous or water mist system;

• gas compressors, hydrocarbon pumps and generators in inadequately ventilated enclosed areas shall be protected by an automatic water spray, a water mist, a dry chemical or a gaseous system if permitted by a regulatory authority.

e) Electrical equipment areas

• automatic gaseous systems shall be installed to protect electrical equipment in enclosed buildings.

f) Living quarters

• portable extinguishers shall be located throughout the living quarters accordingly;





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• water hose reels shall also be strategically located near or inside the living quarters and shall be accessible at each level;

• sprinkler or water mist systems shall also protect the living quarters:

- automatic dry chemical, water mist or wet foam systems should be considered in stove and fat fryers areas;

- automatic water sprinkler or water mist systems should be considered in non-cooking areas of living quarters;

- total flooding automatic gaseous systems shall not be used inside living quarters.

4.4.1.1.2 Unmanned Installations For unmanned platforms containing production facilities, in addition to the hand-held portable fire extinguishers, mobile fire-fighting equipment is required with a minimum of one 150 lb (68kg) wheeled dry chemical unit per deck (excluding boat landing and sub-cellar deck). It is recommended to install a fixed twin agent skid foam and dry chemical powder (foam water/chemical powder with a minimum weight of 250 to 500 kg) corresponding to 150 lb (68kg) on each deck with discharge nozzles at different decks (from the lower deck up to the upper deck). In lieu of all this equipment, a fire water system may be used.

Generally, equipment such as fire hoses, portable or semi-portable extinguishers, and certain fixed systems are manually controlled requiring personnel to first recognize the fire or risk of fire and then activate the system.

Mobile pumps and mobile fire-fighting equipment are required:

• During hot works, on unmanned platforms not equipped with fixed fire water systems. Interventions can be covered by the availability of a twin agent skid or a fixed dry riser system.

• During drilling and work-over operations, on wellhead platforms not equipped with fixed fire water systems.

All unmanned platforms shall be fitted with a fixed dry riser type system extending from the boat landing up to the upper deck to enable all mobile units (service boats, utilities boats) or a drilling rig on the top to deliver water to the system.

Fixed dry riser type systems shall be made of copper-nickel and designed to enable the delivery of water on each deck at opposite locations: the flow rate is limited to 120 m3/h.

All hand-held equipment shall be foreseen on the platform in a special cabinet or brought in by the works team and shall be connected to the hydrants.

For major fire fighting throughout the platform, it is necessary to rely on the fire-fighting boats.

The affiliate emergency and contingency plans shall include the need for fire fighting vessels and how to use them.

As a guideline, a simple design rule can be used for the design of the water flow rate on the fire-fighting vessels: the fire water vessel pump capacity should correspond, as a minimum, to the design of a fixed system network that could have been installed on the platform.

Example: for a wellhead platform with 9 wells, the minimum fire water pump nominal flow rate for a fire-fighting vessel shall be 240m3/h as per GS EP SAF 322.





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4.4.1.2 Floating production, storage and off-take systems For FPSO, FSO, FPU and any moored floating unit that has oil storage capacity and production capacity and also for floating hydrocarbon processing facilities such as semi-submersibles, tension leg platform’s (TLP) and SPAR’s, fixed water deluge and foam systems shall be installed to protect the following typical areas and equipment:

• equipment, vessels & piping handling or storing significant quantities of hydrocarbon and flammable fluids;

• Hull deck and cargo tank areas.

Fire protection measures shall be taken according to the risk and they include the following:

• Firewater deluge systems for process areas to cool down the hydrocarbon containing equipment in the affected areas during a fire event.

• Foam deluge used with the firewater deluge systems for the hydrocarbon handling and process areas to provide fire-extinguishing capability for liquid hydrocarbon spill fires.

• Foam deluge used with the firewater deluge systems for the Hull deck and Cargo tanks area to provide fire-extinguishing capability for liquid hydrocarbon spill fires.

• Firewater / foam hydrants for all FPSO areas.

• Firewater / foam monitors to cover the FPSO main and hull deck areas.

• Firewater / foam monitors to cover any sections of the FPSO mooring lines above the sea level.

• Fixed inert gas total flooding fire extinguishing systems for the internal areas and floor voids of instrument, electrical and emergency electrical technical rooms, telecommunication technical room and computer room.

• Fixed water mist total flooding fire extinguishing systems for the gas turbine enclosures and the diesel engine enclosures.

• Fixed inert gas total flooding fire extinguishing systems for unmanned technical rooms on the deck areas.

• Fixed inert gas total flooding fire extinguishing systems for the technical rooms inside the hull and inside the accommodation block.

• Only portable extinguishers in the accommodation block (no sprinklers).

All the internal horizontal and vertical partitions of the Accommodation Building shall comply with fire protection ratings as specified by the latest IMO SOLAS rules. Hence, there is no requirement for water sprinkler systems for the internal areas of the accommodation building.

Manual fire hydrants (foam and water) and manual fire fighting portable / wheeled fire extinguishers shall be provided throughout the FPSO to permit rapid intervention on open area fires including the diesel storage tanks and bund areas.

4.4.2 Onshore Fixed fire water systems are required for the protection of processing and storage facilities handling liquids, liquefied hydrocarbons or gases.

For low risk units, mobile equipment may be envisaged.





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Mobile fire-fighting equipment is required for production installations (wellheads), during drilling and work over operations. For remote onshore locations, a twin agent skid could be provided to cater for flammable hazards (for instance for remote onshore wellhead area).

In the following areas, typical fixed fire water systems are as follows:

a) Process and Hydrocarbon storage areas

• fire water systems: hydrants, monitors and automatic deluge systems;

• water and foam in hydrocarbon retention bunds;

• dry chemical systems.

b) Open Machinery areas

• manual fire water systems: on non-electric driven compressors and pumps;

• water and other agents (such as foam): in areas containing drip pans;

• automatic fixed water spray/foam or water mist systems: in hydrocarbon pumps located outside the buildings;

• gaseous and dry chemical systems are not recommended for gas compressors or electrical generators outside the buildings.

d) Enclosed machinery areas

• portable dry chemical extinguishers;

• manual hose reels and foam systems shall be installed near the enclosure or the enclosed space is protected by a fixed gaseous or water mist system;

• gas compressors, hydrocarbon pumps and generators in inadequately ventilated enclosed areas shall be protected by automatic water spray, water mist, dry chemical or gaseous systems if permitted by regulatory authority.

e) Electrical equipment areas

• automatic gaseous systems shall be installed to protect electrical equipment in enclosed buildings.

4.5 Active or passive protection Active fire protection systems, such as deluge, may be complemented by other means in order to respond to a specific fire hazard. An adequately designed passive protection system e.g. by separation distances, passive fire proofing (PFP), locating pipelines and tanks underground, etc., is also an additional protection that shall be carefully contemplated and the final choice should be made among passive or active or any combination of both types of protection.

PFP requires, for instance, to be externally inspected on a regular basis and several inspections hatches/panels shall be foreseen. In the event of damage of a PFP, this one shall be professionally repaired. Since the proper application of PFP needs to be done under specific conditions (humidity and temperature), it is obvious that maintaining the PFP after production start-up requires additional OPEX costs. A few typical cases are discussed below.





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4.5.1 Vessel containing liquefied gas Where passive protection of the vessel is provided, and if the duration of fire resistance is sufficient to enable depressurization through the blow down network, a deluge system may not be required. For further details, refer to GS EP SAF 261.

Nevertheless, in the event of fire, the PFP has limitations and shall, after a given time (around 15 minutes), be supported by regular fire fighting with the help of monitors and hydrants. Monitors shall then be automatic instead of manual, based on accessibility. If such is the case, foam pourers on the bounds of the vessel shall be activated automatically upon confirmed outdoor fire detection, irrespective of jet fire case or pool fire case.

Onshore, storage facilities for LPG at marine and pipeline terminals, natural gas processing plants, refineries, petrochemical plants and tank farms, shall be protected by a fire water system. The storage facilities covered here are LPG installations such as: storage vessels and associated loading/ unloading/ transfer systems.

Water is the primary means of fire protection for LPG storage facilities. There are three primary methods that may be used to apply water to LPG storage vessel exposed to fires: water deluge, fixed monitors, and water spray. In addition to that, portable equipment may be used but should not be considered a primary method of water application.

4.5.2 Slug catchers Large equipment, such as finger type slug catchers, would require large amounts of water for protection and large disposal systems to achieve a rapid depressurization. They are often partially protected by a deluge on both extremities of the equipment only (because of the presence of flanges and instruments), associated with a suitable retention basin and an adequate foam application system.

Another alternative, when feasible, could be passive fire protection (combination of fire proofing, burying, offset retention basin), associated with other suitable complementary measures.

4.5.3 Structures Offshore structures could be protected by fireproofing materials or cooled down by a deluge system in order to enable sufficient time for personnel evacuation.

Onshore structures may be fireproofed in order to reduce the risk of fire spreading. Typical applications are pipe racks, elevated vessels, etc.

If fireproofing materials are installed, a deluge system for the structure is generally not required.

For further details refer to GS EP SAF 337, API STD 2510 and API Publ 2510A.

5. Selection of fire protection systems on typical areas The following tables, broken down by type of facility, provide guidance on the selection of protection systems on typical petroleum production areas.

They shall be used to select the type of fire-fighting system where a protection is required (see § 4).





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5.1 Processing and production installations Table 1: protection systems for processing and production installations

Type of installation Equipment

Protection system (when required)

X-mas tree Deluge Wellhead Manifold Deluge/ foam

Deluge/ foam Firewater deluge systems for process areas (to

cool down the hydrocarbon containing equipment in the affected areas during a fire event)

Process areas

Foam deluge used with firewater deluge

systems for the hydrocarbon handling and process areas (to provide fire-extinguishing capability for liquid hydrocarbon spill fires)

Vessel (note 1) Deluge Pump (note 2) Deluge + low expansion foam application Pump (note 3) High-expansion foam application Metering equipment Nothing or deluge if specific requirement Compressor (note 4) Deluge

Process equipment

Slug catcher (finger type) Deluge on both extremities + foam application on the retention area

Heaters and furnaces (including Incinerators)

Steam or inert gas injection into burner and stack + water curtain around equipment + optional foam application in retention area if flammable process fluid

Hot oil, glycol re-boiler As above (note 5) Engine (note 6) Deluge and/or dry powder

Utilities

Engine/ turbine (note 7) See section 5.7 Pig trap Deluge Risers and

pipelines Manifold Deluge Interconnection pipe rack Deluge inside battery limit Piping Main pipe-way See note 8

Structures Structure exposed to radiation in case of fire

Deluge or fireproofing material or water/ concrete filling

Note 1: vessels, columns, heat exchangers, air cooler, etc. Note 2: all pumps handling flammable products, except LPG pump, and installed in an open area or in a sheltered one. Note 3: all pumps handling flammable products and installed in an enclosed area. Note 4: compressors located in an open area or a sheltered area. Note 5: special attention shall be paid to foam selection to avoid a reaction with glycol. Note 6: combustion engines driving non-petroleum equipment located in an open area or a sheltered one. Note 7: engine or turbine installed inside an enclosed area. Note 8: adequate pipe-way design so as to enable spill containment and ease foam application.





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5.2 Oil and LPG storage

Table 2: protection systems for oil and LPG storage


Protection system

(when required) Deluge with low-expansion foam or with

AFFF on the tank skirt outside Low-expansion foam injection inside the tank

(subsurface system ) Fixed roof tank (atmospheric type) No deluge is required on the roof, except in

particular cases in which the tank roof can be reached by thermal radiations coming from an adjacent tank full surface fire

Deluge with low-expansion foam or with AFFF on the tank skirt outside

Foam application system on the rim seal with a self contained foam generation skid on the floating roof

Floating roof tank

Fire retardant rim seal

Oil tanks

Retention area Foam application in the retention area Deluge + fireproofing on the sphere

supporting legs Sphere or tanks Under embankment or buried

LPG tanks

Retention area Foam application in the retention area

Italic denotes a complementary measure

LNG tanks are not addressed by the present General Specification.





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5.3 Loading installations

Table 3: protection systems for loading installations


Protection system

(when required)

Road or rail terminal Loading area Deluge + foam application system

Manifold Foam application system

Loading area Remote controlled monitors + water curtains between jetty and tanker (if necessary)

Tanker terminal

Jetty Foam application system at jetty (with elevated tower monitors) (note 1)

Note 1: refer to ISGOTT (fifth Edition, §19.5) for minimum provisions of fire-fighting equipment at jetty.

5.4 Evacuation and rescue Water curtains, deluge systems, monitors and heat shielding where practical, could be used to reduce radiation in order to provide protection to personnel during escape and evacuation.

5.5 Heliport and helideck

Table 4: protection systems for heliports and helidecks


Protection system

(when required)

Heliport Near accesses 2 foam systems + portable extinguishers including CO2

Helideck with refuelling

Near accesses Same as heliport

Twin agent skid + CO2 portable extinguishers Helideck without refuelling

Near accesses Foam/dry chemical

Specific precautions shall be taken for helidecks made of Aluminum, especially for the choice of chemical dry powder (listed for use on class D fires). Helidecks made of Aluminum shall also be equipped with a specific foam application system for the protection of the helideck itself.

Helideck fire protections may vary depending on helicopter types, the size of facility, the manning arrangements and the area of operation. Existing practices include portable fire extinguishers, local dedicated foam systems and foam monitors connected to the fire main. Helidecks shall comply with the standards of any authority having jurisdiction over the helideck. For further details, refer to ISO 13702:1999 - § B8.13.

Typically on manned installations, suitable AFP systems for fires involving aircraft engines, crash incidents or fuelling activities should be provided. Fire-extinguishing equipment should be readily accessible at the helideck. Where fire-water is required, location of fire-water pump start facilities should be considered at each helideck emergency response location, and the supply arrangements should ensure no interruption of fire-water supply during fire-fighting.





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A central foam system which injects foam concentrate into the fire-water mains at the fire pump discharge should not be normally used as a primary means of helideck protection, unless it can be demonstrated that the delay in the fire-water/foam solution reaching the helideck foam monitors is acceptable. Such a central foam system may, however, be used as a back-up system for protection of the helideck, should the dedicated helideck foam system be unavailable. Where foam is applied by means of fixed monitors, sufficient monitors should be provided, spaced at approximately equal distances around the helidecks.

5.6 Permanently manned and not permanently manned rooms

Table 5: protection systems for permanently manned and not permanently manned rooms


Protection system

(when required)

Rooms CO2 portable extinguishers

CO2 portable extinguisher Flame retardant and fire resistant cables Stop ventilation and close dampers before

discharge. See note 2 Cabinets and panels

Possible voltage disconnection of each cabinet

Manual fixed inert gas total flooding system for floor voids and cable floor

Flame retardant and fire resistant cables Stop ventilation and close dampers before

discharge. See note 2

Cable floor/ Floor voids

CO2 portable extinguishers Manual fixed inert gas total flooding system

for ceiling

Technical room (note 1)

Cable ceiling Flame retardant and fire resistant cables

Room CO2 portable extinguishers

CO2 portable extinguishers

HVAC room

Cabinets and panels Possible manual voltage disconnection of each cabinet

CO2 portable extinguishers Room

Flame retardant and fire resistant cables Radio room

Floor voids Inert gas

CO2 portable extinguishers

Clean agent Halon replacements for unmanned rooms

Computer tape store

Store

Fireproof storage. Location remote from data processing facilities





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Protection system

(when required)

CO2 portable extinguishers Room Adequate ventilation and suitable electrical

equipment

Battery room


Portable extinguishers

Hose reels at suitable location

Optional sprinkler system where imposed by local regulations

Room

High expansion foam on flammable liquids storage

Living quarters, offices, workshops and warehouses


CO2 portable extinguishers Kitchen hood

Water mist

Dry chemical

Kitchen

Deep fat fryer Clean agent

CO2 + water portable extinguishers Room

Inert gas Laboratory


Italic denotes complementary measures.

Note 1: includes control room, switch gear room, instrument room, computer room, electrical room.

Note 2: a relative tightness is necessary between the cable floor and the other areas (room, cabinets, cable floor of another room) to achieve a good efficiency of the total flooding.

For instance, on a FPSO, automatic and manual inert gas (like InergenTM for instance) total flooding fire extinguishing systems can be provided to protect the room and the floor voids (if any) of each of the following not-permanently manned spaces:

• Hull Instrumentation Technical Room (Machinery Space level)

• Main Electrical Room (Machinery Space level)

• E/I building rooms and floors voids

• Laboratory

Inert gas total flooding fire extinguishing systems can be provided to protect the floor voids of the following permanently manned spaces and shall be only activated by a manual operation device:

• Emergency Switch Room (LQ level)

• Accommodation Normal Switch Room (LQ level)

• Telecommunication Room (LQ level)





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• CCR/Computer/Radio Room (LQ level)

• Instrument Technical Room (LQ level)

The inert gas release shall be initiated in the not-normally manned spaces by one of the following means:

• Automatically, as a result of a confirmed fire detection

• Local manual activation at the local control panel and local status panel

• Remotely and manually from Fire and Gas panel

• Locally from the mechanical release facility at the cylinder bank (instantaneous release)

The inert gas release shall be initiated in permanently manned spaces by any of the following means:

• Remotely and manually from the Fire and Gas panel

• Local manual activation at the local control panel and local status panel

• Locally from the mechanical release facility at the cylinder bank (instantaneous release).

5.7 Unmanned rooms

Table 6: protection systems for unmanned rooms


Protection system

(when required)

Transformer room Room CO2 portable extinguishers including

Outdoors transformer

Equipment itself Dry powder portable extinguishers

Fixed and automatic CO2 extinguishing system for total flooding of enclosure linked to fire detection

Water mist. Equipment shutdown by fuel cut off Ventilation shutdown

Gas turbine or engine enclosure

Enclosure

Dampers closed prior to release

Italic denotes complementary measures.

On a FPSO, automatic and manual total flooding water mist systems can be provided in the following areas:

• Emergency diesel generator room

• Essential diesel generator rooms

• Purifier room

• HPU room

• Pump room





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Local application of a water mist system shall be provided by Essential & Emergency diesel generator Vendor for the Essential & Emergency diesel generator enclosures in accordance with IMO SOLAS.

The total flooding water mist system shall protect the diesel generator enclosures as well as the room at the same time and shall be capable of supplying water at full discharge rate for at least 30 minutes.

The total flooding water mist system methodology for water mist system release shall be based on automatic and manual activation:

• Automatically via FGS,

• Manually at the release station outside each fire and gas area,

• Manually at the water mist control panel (simultaneously opening directional valves)

• Manually from the central control room

The local water mist systems are provided for the following equipments:

• Firewater pump enclosures

• Emergency diesel generator enclosures

• Essential diesel generator enclosures

• Gas turbine enclosures

Protection for emergency and essential diesels shall be only manually activated from stations located outside the exposed area and from the CCR (Central Control Room). Protection systems for gas turbine and fire pump enclosures shall be automatically initiated by the package F&G system in case of fire detection.

5.8 Isolated rooms

Table 7: protection system for isolated rooms


Protection system

(when required)

Technical room Room Fixed and automatic inert gas extinguishing system for total flooding of enclosure linked to smoke or flame detection

5.9 Monitors and hydrants These equipments are not mentioned in the preceding tables because it is considered that they are not specific to a type of equipment. They provide additional fire-fighting capacity to the whole facility and shall be installed according to requirements provided in GS EP SAF 322.

Nevertheless, for a FPSO, COMPANY requirements are as follows:

• Firewater/ foam hydrants shall be used in all FPSO areas and firewater/ foam monitors shall cover:

- the FPSO main and hull deck areas





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- and any sections of the FPSO mooring lines above the sea level.

• Manual fire hydrants (foam and water) and manual fire fighting portable/ wheeled fire extinguishers shall be provided throughout the FPSO to enable a rapid intervention on open-area fires including the diesel storage tanks and bund areas.

5.10 Portable extinguishers Portable extinguishers shall meet the general requirements of NFPA 10, in particular as regards fire tests and performance requirements (for each type of fire class), identification of contents, and instruction manual (mandatory).

In addition to that, the following recommendations should be considered as guidance for inspecting, maintaining and using portable fire extinguishers.

Portable fire extinguishers are intended as the first line of defense to fight fires of limited size. Their efficiency relies on the following essential and compulsory elements:

Selection: the type of extinguisher installed at a given position corresponds to the potential hazards of the area, hence to the types of fire likely to occur. Permanent personnel shall know the extinguishers locations over the entire installation.

Identification: each member of the personnel shall be familiar with the contents and the purpose of each type of extinguisher, which are permanently marked on the body of each of them.

Moving: extinguishers shall always be easily accessible and removable from their stand. There shall be no limitation to their moving, which shall always be easy for all the personnel (weight, size).

Actuation: permanent personnel shall have been trained to the proper and efficient use of each type of extinguisher available on the installation.

Portable extinguishers shall be located in strategic places throughout the installation:

• Close to the access doors of rooms

• On access stairways

• Near escape ways (especially at intersections)

• In the staircases

• Adjacent to helideck or heli-station

• Etc.

Portable extinguishers shall be placed outdoors in strategic places and shall be housed in suitable protective cabinets at an accessible elevation.

As per NFPA 10, the maximum hydrostatic test interval for portable extinguishers is as follows:





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Table 8: maximum hydrostatic test interval for portable extinguishers

Extinguisher Type Test Interval (years)

Stored pressure water, water mist, loaded stream, and/or antifreeze 5 Wetting agent 5 AFFF (aqueous film-forming foam) 5 FFFP (film forming fluoroprotein foam) 5 Dry chemical with stainless Steel shells 5 CO2 5 Wet chemical 5 Dry chemical, stored pressure, with mild steel shells, brazed brass shells, or Aluminum shells 12

Dry chemical, cartridge- or cylinder-operated, with mild steel shells 12 Dry powder, stored pressure, cartridge- or cylinder-operated, with mild steel shells 12

For instance on a FPSO, extinguishers of two main types shall be used:

• Mobile (wheeled) extinguishers, 18kg, 50kg or 45l capacity

• Portable extinguishers, 5kg, 9kg or 9l capacity.

The extinguishing agent shall be appropriate to the type of fire:

• Dry powder for all types of fires (A, B or C) in process, utility, machinery spaces and living quarters

• CO2 for electrical fires in enclosed areas such as equipment enclosures, technical rooms, switchboard rooms, battery rooms, etc.

• Foam for Class AB fires in the machinery spaces and living quarters

• Water for Class A fires in living quarters

• On helidecks and parking areas: a minimum of 45kg of dry powder (with 1 to 2 extinguishers) and a minimum of 18 kg of CO2 (with 1 to 2 extinguishers).

Extinguishers shall be of a certified type designed to UV resistance as well as corrosion resistance.




Appendix 1


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Appendix 1 Fire – extinguishing agents for offshore installations

Table 9: list of fire-extinguishing agents that may be used on offshore installations

Agent Fire Class Mechanism Application Method Advantages Disadvantages

Water A or B Cools fire below ignition

temperature

Fire main (hoses)

Deluge Sprinkler Hand

portable

Rapid cooling Unlimited supply

System maintenance requirements are high

Requires 2 or more people to properly manage hoses

Not to be used on flammable liquids

Equipment corrosion

Freezing

Foam A or B Floats on flammable liquid

and forms a cohesive boundary to isolate Oxygen

from the fuel

Can be premixed with

water or injected using

eductor

Excellent re-flash protection when

containment integrity is maintained

Requires water for application

Premixed volumes shall be periodically tested and replaced

Dry Chemical

A, B, C

or D

It disrupts the fire reaction chemically

Portable and semi-portable extinguishers

• Rapid extinguishment • Ease of use

No re-flash protection

Different agents recommended for different fire classes (ABC or BC)

Leaves residues that can be corrosive particularly to electrical components

Effectiveness limited in exterior applications

Limited volume

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

C CO2 gas displaces Oxygen and

smothers the fire

Fixed systems; portable and semi-portable

Effectiveness in enclosed areas and electrical fires

Does not harm electrical components

Fixed systems displace Oxygen and may suffocate personnel in the protected space

No re-flash protection

Requires vapour tight integrity for space protected




Appendix 1


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Agent Fire Class Mechanism Application Method Advantages Disadvantages

Inert Gas

(InergenTM, ArgoniteTM,

etc.)

B or C Reduces Oxygen in protected space

below 18%, smothering the fire

Environmentally acceptable

alternatives to Halon

No ozone layer depletion or global warming potential

Non-proprietary mixture of CO2, Argon and Nitrogen

No health risks

Requires vapour tight integrity for space protected

Fluroketone

(Novec 1230TM, etc)

B High extinguishing efficiency and sustainable

solution for marine fire protection

Suitable to protect

unmanned rooms with

critical equipment (computer

rooms, archives)

Low toxicity Non-corrosive and

non-conductive: does not harm delicate electronics, paper or ink

Leaves no residue

Not compatible with some elastomers

Egress from the protected enclosure prior to discharge system

Harmful to aquatic organisms

Watermist or Fine

Waterspray

A, B or C Cooling Displacement

of Oxygen at fire interface

Fixed systems in machinery or

rotating equipment

enclosures or kitchen hoods

Rapid cooling; uses less water than sprinklers

Can operate from plant supplied or dedicated supply of water and compressed gas or air

Requires fresh or distilled water; which may result in limited supply




Appendix 2


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Appendix 2 AFP systems on onshore and offshore production installations

Table 10: typical selection of AFP systems on onshore and offshore production installations as per ISO 13702:1999

Area/ Room Type of protection (in addition to portable) Wellhead/manifold area Deluge/ foam Process areas Deluge/ foam Pumps/compressors Deluge/ foam Gas treatment area Deluge/ dry chemical (or foam if area contains significant flammable liquids)

Methanol area Alcohol-resistant foam or deluge (or portable foam units if the methanol area is small)

Water-injection treatment area None, if no HC risk Drill floor Deluge BOP area Deluge/ foam Degasser room Deluge/ foam Shale shaker room Deluge/ foam Active mud tank room Deluge/ foam Cementing unit room Water mist/ deluge/ foam (water mist according to supplier requirements)

Floor void and ceiling in CS/CCR and instrument rooms

Lifting gear for floor hatches. Gaseous system with lance On FPSO: Fixed inert gas total flooding fire extinguishing systems for the internal areas and floor voids of instrument, electrical and emergency electrical technical rooms

Turbine hall Deluge (dedicated system only if flammable inventories within the hall)

Gas turbine enclosure CO2, gaseous or water mist (interlock access to hood, if gaseous) Fixed CO2 or water mist total flooding fire extinguishing systems on a FPSO for the gas turbine enclosures

Emergency generator room

Water mist/ foam/ deluge (effect of water on equipment in the room should be evaluated) Water mist total flooding fire extinguishing systems for the FPSO diesel generator enclosures

Essential diesel generator room

Water mist for protection of the diesel engine/ oil spill areas and total flooding inert gas system for protection of the engine room Water mist total flooding fire extinguishing systems for the FPSO diesel generator enclosures

Fire pump room

Water mist/ foam/ deluge (effect of water on equipment in the room should be evaluated) Water mist total flooding fire extinguishing systems for the FPSO firewater pump enclosures

Unmanned technical rooms on FPSO deck areas Fixed inert gas total flooding fire extinguishing systems

Mechanical workshop Sprinkler Instrument workshop Sprinkler Paint store Sprinkler Vent extract from galley Gaseous: operated locally in galley Galley cooking appliances and range Proprietary systems: according to supplier recommendations




Appendix 2


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Area/ Room Type of protection (in addition to portable) Crane engine room Portable/ water mist and deluge (water mist for diesel drives) Helideck Foam/ dry chemical Hangar Sprinkler/ foam/ dry chemical Chain locker Water Turret area Deluge/ foam Vertical and horizontal structures Deluge Escape and evacuation routes Water curtain