growing stage

8/3/2019 Growing Stage

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ADVANCESAND INNOVATIONINAVIATION

NAME MATIX NUMBER

MUHAMMAD AFIQ BIN M.ZAMREE DD100088

MUHAMMAD AKMAL HAKIM BIN BAHARUDIN DD100100

MUHAMMAD ALIFF BIN MD.ALI DD100149

MUHAMMAD AMINUDDIN BIN MOHD TAJUDDIN DD100035

MUHAMMAD AMER BIN ZAKARIYA DD100105

LECTURER NAME : DR SH. SALLEH BIN SH.AHMAD


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INTRODUCTION

Airplanes come in many different shapes and sizesdepending on the mission of the aircraft, but allmodern airplanes have certain components incommon. These are the fuselage, wing, tail

assembly and control surfaces, landing gear, andpowerplant(s).

For any airplane to fly, it must be able to lift theweight of the airplane, its fuel, the passengers, andthe cargo. The wings generate most of the lift to

hold the plane in the air. To generate lift, theairplane must be pushed through the air. Theengines, which are usually located beneath thewings, provide the thrust to push the airplaneforward through the air.
http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/airfoil/DI2.htmhttp://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/Landing_Gear/DI111.htmhttp://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/four_forces/DI24.htmhttp://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/four_forces/DI24.htmhttp://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/Landing_Gear/DI111.htmhttp://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/Landing_Gear/DI111.htmhttp://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/Landing_Gear/DI111.htmhttp://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/airfoil/DI2.htm


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The wing provides the principal lifting force of anairplane.

The control surfaces include all those movingsurfaces of an airplane used for attitude, lift, anddrag control.

The tail usually has a fixed horizontal piece (calledthe horizontal stabilizer) and a fixed vertical piece(called the vertical stabilizer).

Forward motion, or thrust, is generated by a thrust-producing device or powerplant to sustain flight.The powerplant consists of the engine (andpropeller, if present) and the related accessories.
http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/Flight_Control_Surfaces/DI104.htmhttp://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/Flight_Control_Surfaces/DI104.htmhttp://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/Flight_Control_Surfaces/DI104.htmhttp://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/Flight_Control_Surfaces/DI104.htm


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AVIATION REVOLUTION S-CURVE

Introduction stage

Growing stage

Maturity stage


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EARLY FLIGHT( 18TH CENTURY) Hot air balloons ,gliders and kites in China.

The Kongming lantern (proto hot air balloon) was knownin China from ancient times. Its invention is usuallyattributed to the general Zhuge Liang (180234 AD,honorific title Kongming), who is said to have used them

to scare the enemy troops
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongming_lanternhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuge_Lianghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuge_Lianghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuge_Lianghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuge_Lianghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongming_lanternhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongming_lanternhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongming_lantern


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LEONARDODA VINCIGLIDERDESIGN.

Some six centuries after Ibn Firnas, Leonardo da Vincicame up with a hang glider design in which the innerparts of the wings are fixed, and some control surfaces

are provided towards the tips (as in the gliding flight inbirds).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci


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GROWINGSTAGE


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DURING 1800-1824

1803 the first balloon was flew

1804 - Sir George Cayley

introduce modern gliderto provide the stability

1809 - Degen provide hydrogen

balloon with flappingwing


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HOT AIR BALLOON

GLIDER

Degen HYDROGENBALLOON


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DURING 1825- 1849

1838 John Wise was

introduced ripping panel

1842 - John Stringfellow &William Hensen fixedwings plane.

1849 George Cayley builded aglider with passenger

place.


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George Cayleyversion of glider


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DURING 1850-1874

1852 Henry Giffard was introducedfirst controlled flight

1853 Louis Charles Letur buildedparachute glider that heavierthan air & controlled by pilot

1870 Gustave Irouve had designed

internal combustion enginefor airplane.


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Henry giffard first controlflight

Louis Charles Leturparachute glider


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DURING 1875-1899

1889 - first rotary radialairplane engine wasintroduced by Lawrence

Hargrave- steam power mannered

craft by Clement Ader

1896- Aerodrome flying machineintroduced by SamuelLangley.


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Model of LangleyAerodrome


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DURING 1900-1924

1901-Successful aerodrome done by SamuelLangley

1910-Eugene Ely first fright could be take off fromship

1914-1918-Improvement in higher altitude,structureand control or speed.

1917-1918-Metal plane and Airmail postal sevicewas introduced by German Professor Hugo Junkersand US Postal Services.

1919-First airplane was created by US NavyDepartment.


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DURING 1925-1949

1927-First solo flight was created by CharlesLindbergh.

1928-Electromechanical simulator flight wasintroduced by Edwink Link.

1935-Radar was built by Sir Watson-Watt an BritishScientist.

1939-First Helicopter with single rotor wasdeveloped by Igor Sikorsky or Russia.

1949-First commercial powered jetaircraft wasdeveloped by De Havilland Comet.


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DURING 1950-1974

1950-Boeing developed B 25 bomber which has 8turbo engine.

1969-Boeing 747 commercial airliner with widebody was developed using a power turbo fan.


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DURING 1975-1999

1976-Commercial airline was introduced byConcorde SST between Britain and France.

1986-An aircraft carbon composition and centerlineengine was designed by Burt Rutan.

1995-Flying wing bomber (B2) was developed byNorthrop Garumman.

1995-Boeing designed biggest twin engine Jet 777.

1998-Second generation of supersonic flight wasdeveloped by NASA.


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CONCLUSION

In conclusion, aviation industries had give a lot ofdevelopment to the countries. From the creation of hotair balloon to the aircraft that equip with the engines toallow it freely fly in the air. Previous inventor like Wright

Brothers gave a lot of ideas on creating the aircraft thatmore practical in term of aerodynamic and propulsionpower. There were 3 stages in the development of theaviation industries including introduction stage, growingstage, and maturity stage. The super sonic strength had

been approved with the created of Concorde. So in thefuture, it not possible we will accept a high technologycreation of aircraft that we cant imagine.


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growing stage

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