groups and teams. 1organization behavior. groups definition two or more individuals, interacting and...

CHAPTER # 05GROUPS AND TEAMS.

1ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR

GroupsDefinition Two or more

individuals, interacting and interdependent, who come together to achieve particular objectives.


Formal and informal groups

(1). Formal groups ……..are those defined by

organizational structure with designated work assignments and establishing tasks.

For example: the six members making up an airline flight crew are a formal group.


Formal and informal groups(2). Informal groups …….are those

neither formally structured nor organizationally determined. These groups are natural formations in the work environment that appear in response to the need for social contact.

For example : three employees from different departments who regularly eat their lunch together is an informal group.


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Classifying Groups

(1).Formal group Command Groups

Task Groups

Interest Groups

Friendship Groups(2).Informal group

ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR

Four Types of Groups

Command group. – determined by the

organization chart. It is composed of individuals who directly report to a given manager. An elementary school principal and her 18 teachers form a command group. or the area sales manager along with his sales force.


Four Types of GroupsTask group – it is also organizationally determined

represent those working together to complete a job task, however a task group’s boundaries are not limited to its immediate hierarchical superior. For instance the hiring of new employees can be a task which can involve GM, HR manager and a particular functional manager.


Four Types of GroupsInterest group

are such groups that affiliate to attain a specific objective of shared interest. for example employees who come together to have their vacations schedules altered, to support a colleague who has been fired or to seek improvement in working conditions is an interest group.

Friendship group – members have one or more common characteristics. for example similar age or holding similar political views 8ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR

Conti…

WhatMakesPeopleJoin

Groups?

StatusSecurity

PowerGoal

Achievement

Self-Esteem

Affiliation


Why People Join Groups


Stages of Group Development

Stage IIStorming

Stage IIINorming

Stage IVPerforming

Stage VAdjourning

Stage IForming


Stages of Group DevelopmentGroups generally pass through a standardized

sequence in their evolution. we call this sequence the five stage model of group. Forming, storming, Norming performing and adjourning.

The first stage forming is characterized by a great deal

of uncertainty about the group purpose, structure and leadership. members are uncertain about what type of behavior is acceptable. This stage is complete when members have begun to think themselves as part of a group.


Stages of Group Development2.The storming stage is one of the intragroup

conflict. members accept the existence of the group, but there is a resistance to the constraints that the group imposes on individuals.

Furthermore there is conflict over who will control the group. When this stage is complete, there will be a relatively clear hierarchy of leadership within the group.


Stages of Group Development3.The Norming stage The Norming stage completes when close relationships have been developed

and the group demonstrates cooperation.Cooperation further develops common set of

expectations from the group members which defines their behavior.


Stages of Group DevelopmentThe fourth stage is performing. The group structure becomes fully

functional and group energy moves from getting to know and understand each other to performing a task at hand.

For permanent work groups performing is the last stage of their development, however for temporary committees, task forces or other similar groups that have a limited task to perform, there is an adjourning stage. 15ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR

Stages of Group Development5. Adjourning stage. In this stage the group prepares

for its disbandment, where high task performance is no longer the group’s priority, instead attention is directed toward wrapping up activities.


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Identity

GroupRoles

Expectations

Conflict Perception


RolesAccording to Shakespeare all the world is a stage

and all the men and women are players. similarly all the group members are actors.

Role is defined as……to engage in a set of expected behavior that are related to occupying a given position in a social unit.


Role identityRole Identity – the ability to recognize

attitudes and behaviors consistent with a role.When workers are promoted to supervisory

positions vital changes are observed in their behavior with other workers.


Role perception and role expectationRole Perception – our view of how we’re

supposed to act in a given situation is called role perception.

Role Expectations – how others believe you

should act in a given situation is called role expectation.


Cohesiveness The degree to which members of the group are

attracted to each other and motivated to stay in the group Related to the group’s productivity


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Group Decision Making

Advantages

More Diversity of

Views

Increased

information

Higher-quality

decisions

Improved

Commitment

Increased

acceptance

Disadvantages

Dominant

Individuals

Unclear

Responsibility

Time and money

costs

Conformity

pressures


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Group Decision MakingGroup Decision Making

Groupthink

Group shift


Symptoms of GroupthinkGroup members decrease any resistance to their

assumptionsMembers pressure any doubters to support the

alternative favored by the majority Group interprets members’ silence

as a “yes” vote for the majority


GroupshiftDecision of the group reflects the dominant

decision-making norm that develops during the group’s discussion

Exaggerates the initial position of the members and more often to greater risk


groups and teams. 1organization behavior. groups definition two or more individuals, interacting and...

Documents

group purpose

friendship group members

stage model of group

organization behaviorformal

organization chart

task groups boundaries

informal groups2

example employees