Beijing, China

Katie Brunson

Ian Hines

Erica Howard

Alex Jones

Haley Krakoski

Andrew Tarwater

Bradley Ward

Local Industry Climate

Local Living Situations/Lifestyles

•Population: 19,612,368(2010)

• Sizable International Community

• Speak a dialect known simply as the ‘Beijing Dialect’

The City Itself

• Broken down into multiple sectors, of three categories:– Central/Inner Suburbs: Xicheng, Dongcheng, Xuanwu,

and Chongwen Districts

– The Inner Suburbs: Shijingshan, Haidian, Chaoyang, and Fengtai Districts

– Rural Beijing/Other Suburbs: Tongzhou District and Northern/Western/Southern Suburbs

• Many ways to get around the city:– Ring roads, public transportation, bicycles

Lifestyles of Beijing

• Beijing is famous for having a startling number of successful startup companies

• Main industry is the Tertiary Industry, making up about 72% of Beijing’s GDP

Styles of Establishments

• Many different styles of establishments:-Simple, street side eateries-In the more affluent parts of the city you see restaurants

ranging from simple sit down diners to exquisite top-end establishments

Famous Foods & Beverages

Types of Cuisine

• A historically stratified field

• This has led to many different subsets in the field:– Zhuang: top ranking establishments that also provided

entertainment

– Ju: hosting customers solo/as a group on at their establishment

– Pu/Tan: Lowest rank, some had tables, most generally ate street side on a countertop outside the establishment

Famous Foods of Beijing

• The country of China has a rich cuisine heritage dating back many years and almost all of it can be found in Beijing.– Pork: Pork is one of the more popular meats in Beijing and

is the main ingredient in a few of their top ten dishes such as Mu Shu Pork and Jiaozi Dumplings.

-- Duck: Peking duck is a very popular dish in Beijing and even has an entire chain of restaurants dedicated to serving it.

Famous Foods of Beijing

– Dough Based: Many dishes in Beijing are dough based such as dumplings and Mandarin Pancakes but most of these are served with some type of meat.

– Soup: Perhaps the most interesting soup delicacy of Beijing is the Bird’s nest soup which uses Swallow Saliva as its primary ingredient.

—Style: Some dishes are arranged to look like scenery, like Mu Shu Pork which resembles a forest scene. Perhaps one of the best examples is the ManhanQuanxior, Manchurian Han Imperial Feast which lasts for 3 days and 320 dishes. Patrons of the dish have voiced discomfort over eating the food at times as they feel as though they are destroying a piece of art.

Beijing Beverages

• Beijing has quite a large selection of beverages but hinges more towards the liquor and beer industries, though its wine industry is slowly developing. However it truly shines in its Tea.– Tea: Most Chinese tea can be divided into one of 4

categories: White, Green, Oolong, and Black. Green is currently the most popular of the four. The history of Tea in China dates back to the early years of the country and today many places where they still practice the old arts of serving tea. They are aptly named “Teahouses”.

Beijing Beverages

– Coffee: One area where Beijing coincides pretty well with America is its coffee. It’s Starbucks

– Beer: The major beer brand of Beijing is Yanjing. However, the most popular is Quingdao.

– Wine: Great Wall is the most popular brand in Beijing however; most Chinese wine is not very popular with foreigners as the industry is still new and growing in China.

– Liquor: Beijing’s most popular liquor is a white brand called BaiJiu which is also somewhat and can be obtained almost anywhere. Unfortunately it is known for some rough hangovers. A more famous but also more expensive alternative is Mao Tai.

Famous Industry Contributors

Dong Zhenxiang

AKA Da(Big) Dong

Has practiced, Shandong, Cantonese, Sichuan, Huaiyang and even classic French cooking during his 30 year chef repertoire.

His menus offer over 200 dishes

Became famous for Da Dong Roasted Duck

Cooking techniques include roasting for 40 min – HrAir dry for a crisper skin

"Our roast duck melts in the mouthyet it's not greasy.

Matthew McCool

Australian Born and grew up on the Central Coast

Apprenticeship at Peter Gilmore’s Quay in Sydney, Gordon Ramsay’s Maze, the position of Sous Chef at Bank, Tom Aiken’s London and Chez Bruce.

Beijing Chef of the YearFor his playful approach to contemporary cuisine

Lead a team of 20 chefs at the world renowned Aria Restaurant.

Issues Affecting the Region

Territorial Disputes

• South and East China Sea Dispute

– Dispute between China and Japan over the uninhabited islands that both countries claim

– These islands and areas around them are rich in oil, gas, fish, and mineral resources

Territorial Disputes cont.

• Trouble began after 14 Chinese citizens were arrested by the Japanese for landing on the island

• As a response tensions have broke out causing protests in both countries

Pollution

• Pollution has reached deadly extremes in China’s Major cities– With great power comes great responsibilities– “It’s a very awkward situation for the country because

our greatest achievement is also our biggest burden.” –Wang Jinnan, One of China’s leading Environmental Researchers

Pollution cont.

• Pollution has destroyed the overall health of the region– It has made cancer

China’s leading cause of death

– Air pollution alone has caused hundreds of thousands deaths per year

– Also making it increasingly hard to find safe drinking water

Pollution cont.

• Pollution poses a threat not only on the Chinese public but on the political challenge to the ruling Communist Party

• China’s pollution problem has also become the worlds

– Acid rain caused by China’s coal fired power plants rains down on Seoul, South Korea, Japan, and even L.A.

Water Shortages

• Serious water shortage problems caused by over-use and pollution

• Everyone wants the water– Agriculture is in desperate need for irrigation

and growing

– Dams want water for electricity

– Industries want for better and faster production

– Cities need for everyday life

Water Shortages cont.

• China supports 20 percent of the world’s population and with only 7 percent of its water

• Beijing has recently taped into their water reserves for the first time in ten years

• Beijing has announced plans to build a 1500 mile long aqueduct from the Three Gorges Dam to the Beijing region

Food Safety and Eating

• Good news is that Regions of China are eating better than they ever have

– “We used to eat what the pigs eat, now we eat the pigs!”- Local Beijing area farmer

Food safety and Eating cont.

• However, there have been cases of people trying sell products for something they are not

– Pork sold as beef

– Watermelons injected with chemicals

– Rotten fruit pricked and treated with chemicals to make them look fresh at the markets

– And the biggest scandal of milk and infant formula in 2008

Milk and Infant formula Scandal

• In 2008 milk and infant formula were doctored with the chemical Melamine, which in tests appears as protein– This allowed middlemen to water down the milk and

formula and still pass protein tests

– Made 300,000 ill and 6 infant deaths

History of Cuisine in Beijing

History

• Qing Dynasty was a major period in the formation of Beijing cuisine.

• Before the Boxer Rebellion, the foodservice establishments in Beijing were strictly classified by the foodservice guild.

• The top ranking foodservice establishment served royalties, aristocrats and wealthiest merchants and landlords, while lower ranking foodservice establishments served populace with lower financial and social status.

• It was during this period of Qing Dynasty whenBeijing cuisine achieved its fame and recognizedby the Chinese culinary society.

Influences of Beijing Cuisine

• Beijing cuisineis a cooking style in Beijing, China. It is also known as Mandarin cuisine.

• Beijing has been the Chinese capital city for centuries.

• Its cuisine has been influenced by culinary traditions from all over China.

• In particular, it was greatly influenced by the cuisine of the eastern coastal province of Shandong.

• This is because during the Qing

Dynasty many Shandong chefs

came to Beijing in masses.

Shandong Cuisine

• Shandong cuisine has greatly influenced Beijing cuisine. Today, it is still possible to find many Shandong restaurants in Beijing.

• It’s popularity is based on the wide variety of materials used.• Most notable is the staggering array of seafood in the

dishes, including scallops, prawns, clams, sea cucumbers, and squid. • Other popular ingredients include

corn, peanuts, grains, vegetables, and vinegar.• Additionally, it has a pure, strong and mellow taste rather than a

mixed taste.• Cooking techniques of Shandong cuisine: quick frying, stir-

frying, braising, and deepfat frying.

Influences

• Another Chinese cuisine that influenced Beijing cuisine is the Chinese Imperial cuisine that originated from "The Emperor's Kitchen."

• "The Emperor's Kitchen” was a term that referred to the cooking facilities of the Forbidden City, Beijing where thousands of cooks from the different parts of China showed their best cooking skills to please royal families and officials.

• These chefs brought the differentcuisines to the capital and greatly

enriched the flavors of Beijingcuisine.

Characterizations of Beijing Cuisine

• Foods that originated in Beijing are often snacks rather than full courses, and they are typically sold by little shops or street vendors.

• There is emphasis on dark soy paste, sesame paste, sesame oil, and scallions, and fermented tofu is often served as a condiment.

• In regards to cooking methods, all methods relating tofrying are used.

• Interestingly, there is less emphasis on rice as an accompaniment than in many other areas of China, as local rice production is limited by the relatively dry climate.

History of Peking Duck

• Peking Duck is a famous duck dish from Beijing that has been prepared since the imperial era, and is now considered a national dish of China.

• It's been around since at least the Yuan Dynasty, 1300 or so. The name comes from the ancient city Peking, now known as Beijing.

• The duck must be a young, white-feathered duck, killed at about 2 months that may have been force-fed. The ducks are feathered, washed, boiled and then hung to dry. Most traditionally, the ducks are glazed with maltose and cooked in hanging ovens so that the fat found between the meat and the skin drains out. This also allows the entire surface of the skin to crisp.

Agricultural Products of World Value

Main Crops• Rice, Wheat, Potatoes, Corn, Peanuts, Tea, Millet, Barley,

Apples, Cotton, Oilseed, Radishes, Kaoliang, Millet, and Soy Beans.

• The world's first Peaches, Soybeans, Chrysanthemums,Peonies, Gardenias, Forsythia and several kinds of Lilies all originally came from China.

• Other important crops include Cabbage, Celery, Peas,Beans,Lettuce,Leeks, and Onions.

• Wheat is the staple food grown in north China and is eaten in the form of steamed bread and noodles

Livestock• China has a large livestock population, with pigs and fowl being the most common• sheep, goats, camels, yaks, cattle, water buffalo, horses, mules, and donkeys• Dairy has recently been encouraged by the government, even though approximately

92.3% of the adult population is affected by some level of lactose intolerance.• The demand for gourmet foods has grown so the production of more exotic meats has

increased

• 684 Chinese turtle farms. Over 300 millionturtles are consumed per year.

• Increased incomes and increased demand for meat, especially pork, has resulted in demand for

improved breeds of livestock, breeding stock imported particularly from the United States. Some of these breeds are adapted to factory farming.

Fishing• China accounts for about one-third of the total fish production of the world.

Beijing Rice field

China produces more than one third of the world's rice. China is also the world's leading producer of raw cotton, and a leading exporter of wheat and oilseeds.

Imported Crops • Demand from China has boosted prices for soy beans and

cotton. U.S. soy bean farmers have made huge profits selling huge amounts of soy beans to China used to feed animals.

• China is the world’s largest grain importer, they usually import 50 percent more crops than they export each year.

Exported Crops• Chinese food exports reached $27 billion in 2006. It

exported $3.8 billion worth of food to the United States, including apple juice, garlic, sausage casings, canned mushrooms and honey. Many fruits and vegetables consumed in the United States are produced in China

China Agricultural University

China Agricultural University is a university in Beijing, People's Republic of China specializing in agriculture, biology, engineering, veterinary medicine, economics, management, humanities and social science.

Issues Affecting Agriculture

• The Northern Plain, which includes Beijing, is home to 65 percent of China’s agriculture but only 24 percent of it water. It produces half of China’s wheat and corn. It suffered from lower water table caused by too much pumping of water.

• Chemical-intensive agriculture is taking its toll on China. The massive, widespread use of toxic chemical pesticides andfertilizers is poisoning lakes and rivers, damaging the soil, killing wildlife and sickening people.

Availability of Hospitality/Culinary Education

Hospitality Education

• Within the last ten years, there has been a significant increase in the tourism industry.

• Rapid development in hospitality and tourism education

• 1978 – no courses offered

• 69 higher education institutions at varying levels offered today

– Two-year diplomas, three-year certificates, and four-year Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees

Beijing Hospitality Institute• Established May 2008• Supported by Beijing International Studies

University• Balance the science and the art of learning

– Theoretical study complemented by practical, hands-on work

– Leadership and management courses complemented by vocational skills of hospitality trade

– Cultural and emotional development in teamwork, adaptability, and diversity

• BHI established because of lack of high level managers, coupled with fast development of hotel business in China

Beijing International Studies University

• BSIU founded in 1964

• School of Tourism Management

• One of earliest tourism and hospitality management education institutions in China

• Service-first

• Cooperation-oriented

• Innovation-driven

• Managers with global competence

• Capable, prize-winning professors

• Courses offered

Culinary EducationHias Gourmet• Hias is Malay word means to decorate, to complement, to accent, to

beautify• Half-day to multi-week sessions to cover aspects of Chinese cooking

techniques• Available any day, except Chinese New Year and other public holidays• Group size• Instruction in Chinese – translation available• Prices vary – half deposit to confirm booking• Partner schools: New Oriental Culinary Institute in Beijing, Chengdu, and

Kunming; and Sichuan Higher Culinary Institute

New Oriental Culinary Institute

• Chain management training school• In the 8+ branches, there are over 2600

professional teachers, 800 part-time• Beijing New Oriental Cuisine School• Won 17 gold medals, 15 silver medals, 9 bronze

medals in culinary art contests• One of largest education organizations in China• Long history of cooking culture with rapid

development since the 1980’s

• The Hutong is Beijing’s premiere culture exchange centre –workshop center founded by two Aussies

• Motto “Sharing Culture, Sharing Knowledge”

• Teaches variety of cuisines from China and beyond the borders

• Focus on fresh, local, and seasonal ingredients

• The Chinese Kitchen – series teaches the basics and expands

• Workshops cover wok and cutting techniques, how to combine spices, Chinese names of ingredients

• Learn how to best utilize fresh, seasonal produce

Culinary Education

• Savour Asia

• Hutong Cuisine Cooking School

• Yi Qin Cookery College– Established 1992

• Beijing Tangren Culinary Art Vocational Skills Training

• Hunan Lishan Cooking School

• Anhui New East Cuisine Institute– Established 1988

– Largest cuisine school in China