group ii interview notes

8/6/2019 Group II Interview Notes

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mggyNyh gaw;rp ikak;

TNPSC Neh;Kfj; Njh;Tf;fhd Nfstpfs

I. jdpg;gl;l (Personal) Nfs;tpfs;

1. cq;fs; ngah; vd;d?

2. cq;fs; fy;tpj; jFjpiaf; $wTk;.

3. cq;fisg; gw;wpf; $wTk;.Gjpy;: vd;Dila ngah;> fy;tpj;jFjp> Ntiyg; ghh;f;fpd;w Nghd;wit gw;wptptuq;fs;

4. cq;fs; nrhe;j Ch; vJ?

5. cq;fs; gs;sp / fy;Y}hp / gy;fiyf;fofk; - d; rpd;dq;fs; vd;d?

II. FLk;gk; njhlh;ghd Nfs;tpfs;

1. cq;fs; ngw;Nwhhpd; njhopy; kw;Wk; tUkhdk;?

III. elg;G epfo;Tfs;

- jhYfh / khtl;lk; / khepyk; / Njrpa / cyf mstpy;

IV. fy;Y}happy; gbj;j bfphp / P.G bfphp ghlq;fs;

- mbg;gilf; Nfs;tpfs;

- (c.k;. tzpftpay; bfphp gbj;jth;fSf;fhd Nfs;tpfs;

1. What is book – keeping?

2. What is trial balance?

3. What is balance-sheet?

4. What are the duties of the Auditor?Ans: The verification of assets and liabilities

V. jw;Nghija gzp

1. jw;NghJ gzpahw;Wk; Jiwapd; gzp vd;d?

2. jw;Nghija gzpf;fhd flikfs; ahit?



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3. Jiwapd; gbepiy mikg;G (hierarchy)

4. Jiwapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; (importance)

VI. vjph;fhyg; gzp

ehk; tpz;zg;gj;jpy; njhptpj;jpUe;j 4 my;yJ 5 tpUg;gkhd gjtpfs;

(c.k;)

1. cjtp tphpT mYtyh; (rl;lk; kw;Wk; eP jpj;Jiw eP q;fyhf)

2. cjtp gphpT mYtyh; (rl;lj;Jiw)

3. cjtp gphpT mYtyh; (eP jpj;Jiw)

4. ed;dlj;ij mYtyh; (r%f ghJfhg;Gj; Jiw)

5. ,sepiy Ntiytha;g;G mYtyh;

6. rhh;gjpthsh; %d;whk; epiy

Nkw;fz;l gjtpfspy; fP o;fz;l Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;fg;gLk;

i. mj;Jiwapd; gzp vd;d?

ii. mg;gzpf;fhd flikfs; ahit?

iii. me;jg; gzpapd; Jiwf;fhd gbepiy mikg;G vd;d? (hierarchy)

iv. me;jg;gzpf;fhd Jiwapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; (importance)

VII. jw;Nghija tPL cs;s khtl;lk; kwWk; nrhej Chpd; khtl;lk;

1. tptrhak;

2. njhopw;rhiyfs;

3. eP h;g;ghrdk;

4. mizf;fl;Lfs;

5. Rw;wyhj; jyq;fs;

6. gz;ghL (tpohf;fs; Kjypa ....)

7. Kf;fpa kw;Wk; Gfo;tha;e;j egh;fs;



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8. Kf;fpa Nfhtpy;fs;> Njthyaq;fs; kw;Wk; k#jpfs;

(c.k;) tpUJefh; khtl;lk;

i. tpUJefhpy; cs;s Kf;fpar;re;ij (gyruf;Fg; nghUl;fSf;fhdJ)

jkpo;ehl;by; Fwpg;gplj;jFe;j xd;whFk;. (kw;w Kf;fpar; re;ij:nghs;shr;rp MFk;)

ii. kj;jpa murpd; jkpo;ehl;bw;fhd mf;khh;f; ju eph;za epWtdk; tpUJefhpy; kl;Lk; cs;sJ.

iii. jP g;ngl;b> gl;lhR> mr;R kw;Wk; vOJnghUl;fs; njhopw;rhiyfs; rptfhrpapYk;> gUj;jp-nerT> ghz;Nl[; Jzp cw;gj;jp njhopw;rhiyfs; uh[ghisak; Rw;W tl;lhuj;jpYk; cs;sd.

iv. Foe;ijj; njhopyhsh; epiy

v. Kd;dhs; Kjy;th;fs; - fhkuh[h; kw;Wk; Fkhurhkpuh[h gpwe;j Ch;fs;

cs;sd.

vi. jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s xNu gid Muha;r;rp epiyak; jpUtpy;ypg;Gj;J}hpy;

cs;sJ.

vii. ukd kfhp~papd; gpwe;j Ch; jpUr;Rop MFk;

viii. =tpy;ypGj;J}hpy; cs;s Mz;lhs; Nfhtpypd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;d? Mz;lhs; Nfhtpypd; NfhGuk; jkpof murpd; rpd;dkhf (Kj;jpiu)

cs;sJ.

VIII. HOBBIES

1. `hf;fp / fhy;ge;J / fphpf;nfl; tpisahLjy; - xU Ntis ePq;fs; fhy;ge;J MLfpNwd; vd;W $wpdhy;> fhy;ge;J

tpisahl;ilg; gw;wp KOtJk; njhpa Ntz;Lk;. (,d;iwa epiytiu)

- fhy;ge;J – cyf> Njrpa> khepy mstpy; ve;j tpisahl;L tPuh; ngah; Nghdth;.

-

];Nlbak; ngah;

2. Njhl;l Ntiy

3. ,ir

4. rpdpkhj; jpiug;glk; (Motion Picture)

5. thndhyp epfo;r;rpfisf; ftdpj;Jf; Nfl;ly;



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6. njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpfis ghh;j;jy;

7. Xtpak;

8. ehty;fis thrpj;jy;

NkNy $wpa fhy;ge;J tpisahl;L Nghy;> 2 Kjy; 8 tiuNghd;witfSf;Fk;> ehk; mijg;gw;wp KOtJk; njhpe;J itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

IX. nghJ

- Neh;Kfj; Njh;tpd; NghJ eP q;fs; $Wk; gjpy;fs; eL epiyikNahL

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; (impartial)

- eP q;fs; ahh; vd;W Neh;Kfj; Njh;tpd; NghJ ntspf;fhl;lf; $lhJ.

(c.k;) nghJTilik / rkjh;kk; nghpahhpd; Nfhl;ghLfs; / ef;ry;fs; / jP tputhjk; / jP tpu kjf; fUj;Jf;fs; / mbg;gilthjk; - Nghd;witfSf;F Mjuthd fUj;Jf;fisj;

njhptpf;ff; $lhJ.

- rpf;fyhd Nfs;tpfSf;F gjpy;fs; eLepiyikAld; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

Fwpg;ghf

1. ,e;jpah - =yq;fh cwTfs;

2. ,yq;ifj; jkpoh; gpur;rid vd;d?

- ,e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jk;> 1987

- tpLjiyg; Gypfs; - ,yq;if muR Nghh; epWj;j xg;ge;jk;

- ,e;j Nghh; epWj;j xg;ge;jk; vg;NghJ Kwpe;jJ?

- ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpw;F ehh;Nt ehl;bd; gq;fspg;G vd;d?

- ,e;j xg;ge;jk; Kwpe;j gpd;dh; vd;d epfo;Tfs; epfo;e;jJ?

3. ,];Nuy; - ghy];jP dg; gpur;rid

4. ,e;jpa – mnkhpf;f mZ xg;ge;jk;

5. ,e;jpah – ghfp];jhd; cwTfs;

6. ghyhW Mw;wpd; gpur;ridfs;

7. nghpahW mizf;fl;Lg; gpur;ridfs;



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X. cly; nkhop

1. Neh;Kfj; Njh;tpd; NghJ> ehw;fhypapy; mkUk; NghJ KOtJkhf cl;fhuNtz;Lk;.

(ehw;fhypapd; Edpapy; cl;fhuf; $lhJ)

(ehw;fhypapy; KOtJkhf mkh;e;J kpfTk; rha;thf J}q;Ffpw khjphp,Uf;ff; $lhJ)

2. Neh;Kfj; Njh;tpd; NghJ> ehw;fhypapy; ekJ KJF tisT ,y;yhky;>

Neuhf mkh; ;e;J ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. (without bent)

Neh;Kfj; Njh;tpw;fhd EZff;fq;fs

1. Njhw;wk; (Appearance)

2. cil (Dress)

3. jd;dk;gpf;if (Self-confidence)

4. jtWfis xj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; kdg;ghd;ik (Habit of error acceptance)

5. Neh;ik (Honesty)

6. JzpT (Courage)

7. njspT (Clarity)

Neh;Kfj;Njh;tpd NghJ nra;a Ntz;bait (Do’s)

1. Nfl;fg;gLfpw Nfs;tpfis rhpahfg; Ghpe;J nfhz;L gjpyspg;gJk;> njspTld; RUf;fkhf fr;rpjkhd thpfspy; tpilaspg;gJk; mtrpakhFk;.

2. njhpahj Nfs;tpfSf;F “njhpahJ” vdr; nrhy;fpw Neh;ikia midtUNk

(including interview board members) kjpg;ghh;fs;.

3. gjpyspf;Fk; NghJ jd;dk;gpf;ifAld; tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;. (eLf;fj;Jld; tpilaspj;jhy; Njh;thsh; ek;ikf; Fog;Gtjw;F Kaw;rp nra;a Nehplyhk;)

Neh;Kfj;Njh;tpd; NghJ nra;af;$lhjit (Don’ts)

1. Njh;thshplk; tpthjk; nra;tNjh> Nfhgj;Jld; gjpy; $wNth $lhJ.

2. cly; kw;Wk; iffis Ml;bg; Ngrf; $lhJ.



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kw;w EZf;fqfs; (Other Techniques)

1. ey;y (Good) Rj;jkhd (Clean) gof;ftof;fq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;

2. jP a rfthrk; jtph;j;jy;

3. md;ghd mZFKiw (Soft approach)

4. kw;w tpz;zg;gjhuh;fs; / Nghl;bahsh;fs; - Tld; xg;gplhik (Non – comparison)

5. ngw;Nwhh;fs; / Mrphpah;fs; / ez;gh;fs; - Tld; gpur;ridfisg; gfph;jy;

6. fye;jhNyhrpj;jy; (Counselling)

7. nghOJNghf;Ffs; / jsh;j;Jjy; (Relaxation)

- elj;jy;> tpisahLjy;> g+q;fh / flw;fiu / Vhpf;fiu / tptrhaj; Njhl;lk;

my;yJ fodp Nghd;witfSf;Fr; nry;Yjy;

- ,ir> jpiug;glk; / njhiyf;fhl;rp / thndhyp

- Xtpak;



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BASIC INTERVIEW TIPS

• An interview is a conversation between an employer and a candidate for bothparties to learn more about each other for the purpose of filling a position withina company or organization. You and the interviewer each have a need: you wanta job and the interviewer wants to find the right person to fill the job.

• If you receive an interview, chances are you have already been “prescreened”and meet all or most of the requirements the employer is looking for in acandidate. Typically this prescreening has been done through an applicationprocess and /or resumes review.

• The interview is an opportunity for further screening. Through an interview bothparties start to form impressions of whether a “fit” exists between yourqualifications/personality and the organization /position.

• To fill up the posts of various departments in the Government of TamilNadu,Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission (TNPSC) is conducting both writtenexamination and interview to select the suitable candidate.

What is the Commission seeking?Three main areas the Commission typically look at in the selection process:

What can you do for us?If selected, how can you contribute to the department and/or organization

differently than other interview candidates? This can be demonstrated throughyour educational background, prior experience, special skills and Knowledge.

Why do you want to work under the Government?The Commission wants to make sure the candidate chosen has a solidunderstanding of the department and position. As a candidate you need to statewhy you want to work in a government posts/services. Also, you need toconvey to the commission that you have a realistic picture of the job.

What are you like once we’ve gotten to know you?

The Commission is looking at areas such as your motivation, initiative,creativity, problem-solving abilities and team-work skills, and how these skillswill continue once you are selected and part of the organization and department.

1. For all the posts, interview is held at the premises of the Tamil Nadu PublicService Commission. Reach the venue one hour before the scheduled time.

2. During the day of interview take enough food and go cheerfully.



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3. Gents: it is better to use dark colour pant and matching light colour shirts.You may choose a suitable tie and coat.

4. Ladies: it is better to use cotton sarees or churidars;

5. Do not use dresses of hard coloures.

6. Better, do not use brand new dresses while attending interviews as thecandidate may not be familiar with the new dress which might causeirritation.

7. Use properly ironed cloths.

8. Gents should keep their normal hairstyle and be smart in appearance,

preferably with shaved face.

9. Do not use excessive cosmetics.

10. Do not use excessive oil on the hair.

11. Do not have mobile with you while going to the interview .

12. Take a copy of the Bio-Date / Resume /CV together with a photo copy ofapplication you have sent already to TNPSC with you.

13. Keep all certificates and documents in proper order in a plastic folder/file.

14. Always have 2 photocopies of certificates, you are going to produce to theTamil Nadu Public Service Commission duly attested by the gazette officer.

15. You will be asked to sit in a room for the verification of certificates. Theofficers who are working in Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission willcome and verify the certificates. During that time discuss something relevantto the interview.

16. Do not make any noise in the room.

17. Do not exhibit any certificate unless asked for.

18. After the verification of certificates are over and once the interview hascommenced you will be taken to the board by the assistants for the interview.You will be asked to sit in front of the board room for 2 – 3 minutes.



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19. Non – verbal Messages: Non- verbal language speaks larger than words. Asyou walk in the interview room, here are a few things that you must keep inmind.

20. Start it off like a winner.

• May I came in: Once the door of the interview chamber has beenopened by the assistants, say “May I come in Sir” or “May I come in “.

• Say Good morning: with a pleasant smile and a positive and confidentattitude.

• Posture: after wishing the interview board, stand erect nearby yourseat.

• Say Thank you: once you are asked to take your seat, say thank you.

• Don’t Fidget: There is nothing worse than people playing with their

hair, clicking pen tops, tapping feet or unconsciously touching parts ofthe body.

• Eye Contact: Answer the questions looking straight at the face of theofficer. Do not look here and there. Look the interviewer in the eye.

• Move your hands: Gesturing or talking with your hands is verynatural, but keep it in moderation.

21. Be comfortable. Take a seat facing the interviewer, however, slightly offcenter, be sure that you are in a comfortable position.

22. Listen attentively. Listen to the questions, think carefully and give correctanswers in a clear voice.

23. Avoid nervous mannerisms. Pay attention to nervous mannerisms. Everyone is nervous to some extent; the key is to appear calm and composed.

24. Speak clearly. Use good grammar and a friendly tone. Try to avoid answer just “yes” or “no” to a question. Always clarify, expand on your answers. Besure not to go on rambling.

25. Be positive and enthusiastic. Pump up your enthusiasm prior to theinterview. Never whine gripe or complain about past employers, jobs, classesetc.



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26. while giving answers to questions:

a. Be Concise: Listen to the questions carefully and answer tothe point. An interviewee rambling on is likely to turn off theinterviewer.

b. Provide Examples: Support your contentions with example.Think of recent strong strategic example of work you’ve done,then when the question is asked answer say “I do not know”Avoid incorrect answer with specifics, not in generalities.

c. Be Honest: It is always better to state the truth than beatingabout the bush. If you are not sure about the answer say “I donot know’ Avoid incorrect answers.

d. Avoid jokes and loose talks.e. Do not argue with the Interviewer.f. Say “Thanks/ Have a nice day/ Good day/ Have a pleasant

day/ Have a wonderful day” to the interviewer/ board at theend of the Interview.

You have no way of knowing what specific questions will be asked of you during aninterview. However, there are certain questions that are asked in nearly everyinterview, such as:

1. Tell me about yourself.

2. What are your extra curricular activities?

3.

What are your Strengths?4. What are you weaknesses?

5. How do you define success?

6. Where do you see yourself 5 years from now?

7. What are the specific achievements in your life?

8. What subjects did you like best in School/ College?

9. Why Math’s/English/Physics?

10. Which are the books you read currently?11. Which programs do you watch on TV?

12. What is your favourite book?

13. How do you spend your free time?

14. Which games you like to play the most?



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15. What will you do if you are not selected?

16. Tell me a joke.

17. Who is your role model and why?

18. Why did you prefer to college where you studied?

19. Why should we appoint you?

20. What is your dream job?

21. What kind of people do you enjoy working with?

22. What are your expectations from life?

23. Please narrate your work history and education in brief.

24. Can you describe your positive and negatives points?

25. Can you describe your leadership qualities with an example?26. What are the things you find most uncomfortable in a post?

27. In your previous job, what kind of pressures did you encounter?

28. What is your long-term employment or career objective?

29. Why do you think you will be successful I such a post?

30. How does this post fit in with your overall career goals?

31. Who or what in your life influenced you most with your career objectives?

32. What would be your goal if you this post?

33. How would you describe yourself as a person?

34. What are the most important characteristics and abilities a person must

possess to become a successful?

35. In your work experience, what have you done that you consider truly

creative?

36. What kind of problems have people recently called on you to solve? Tell

me what you have devised.

37. What was your most difficult decision in the last six months? What made

it difficult?

38. What was the last major problem that you were confronted with? What

action did you take on it?



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39. Do you have a long and short-term for your department? Is it realistic?

40. What are the standards of success in your job?

41. When judging the performance of your subordinate, what factors or

characteristics are most important to you?42. In your present job, what approach do you take to get your people

together to establish a common approach to a problem?

43. What approach do you take in getting your people to accept your ideas or

department goals?

44. How do you get people who do not want to work together to establish a

common approach to a problem?

45. Do you feel you work more effectively on a one to one basis or in a groupsituation?

46. Would you rather write a report or give a verbal report? Why?

47. Why did you choose this career?

48. Tell us something about your family background

49. Tell us about the problems in your hometown. What are the solutions to

those problems?

50. Tell us about the headlines in the newspaper you have read today?



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CURRENT TOPICS – ESSENTIAL FOR INTERVIEW PREPARATION

Topics

Council of ministers, central and state

Capitals, Governors and chief minister of states

Heads of important offices

Sports

Tamilnadu Districts

Commissions and committees

Important originations [National, International]

Banking related information

Award

Science and technology.

Books and Author

Important day [National, International]

Basic information about Tamilnadu and India



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mg;gy;Nyh gapw;rp ikak;

Kf;fpa epfo;Tfs;

• Mf];l; 22> 2010 “igaD}h; fiyQh; efuk;” – jpiug;glf; fiyQh;fSf;F xU Vf;fh; gug;gstpy; 15 Mapuk; tP Lfs; - Kjy;th; mbf;fy; ehl;bdhh;. ,lk;: nrd;id gy;fiyf;fof E}w;whz;L tpohmuq;F

• 64tJ Rje;jpu tpohtpy; Kjy;th; fUzhepjp murpd; gy eyjpl;lq;fs; mwptpg;G

1. jkpofj;jpy; rpW kw;Wk; FW tptrhapfSf;F jpwd;kpf;f Gjpa kpd; Nkhl;lhh; ,ytrk;

2. fiyQh; tP L toq;Fk; jpl;lj;jpy; fhd;fphP l; tP LfSf;F khdpak;60>000 ,Ue;J 75>000 Mf cah;T

• midtUf;Fk; ,ilepiy fy;tpj;jpl;lk; [{iy 15> 2010 Jtf;fk;

• jQ;irapy; nrg;lk;gh; khjk; 25 kw;Wk; 26 Mfpa ehl;fspy; Nfhapy; 1000 Mz;L epiwtile;jij xl;b tpoh elj;jg;gLk; vd Mf];l; 13>2010 md;W Kjy;th; mwptpg;G

• ,e;jpa &ghapd; Gjpa rpd;dk; Njtehfhp ‘uh’; Nuhkd; ‘Mh;’ -

,uz;Lk; fye;j fyit

1. ehza kjpg;gpw;F jdpr;rpd;dk; nfhz;l Ie;jhtJ ehL,e;jpah

2. jkpofj;ij Nrh;e;j Kk;ig I.I.b. khzth; cjaFkhh; cUthf;fpa rpd;dj;ij ,e;jpa &gha; rpd;dkhf kj;jpa muRxg;Gjy;

• [{iy 21> 2010 – gs;sp rpwhh; fz;nzhsp fhg;Nghk; jpl;lk; Jtf;fk;

• 15 fpuhk Cuhl;rpfSf;F cj;jkh; fhe;jp tpUJ> jyh &.5 yl;rk;kw;Wk; Nflak; - [{iy 19> 2010 Gdpj [hh;[; Nfhl;ilapy; JizKjy;th; toq;fy;

• khepy Njh;jy; Mizauhf jpU. iraJ KdP h; N`hlh Nk 22> 2010

epakdk;. Kd;G ,Ue;j D. re;jpuNrfh; Xa;T



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• jkpof jiyik Njh;jy; mjpfhhpahf gputP d;Fkhh; epakdk; Kd;G,Ue;j eNu~;Fg;jh Xa;T

• Mf];l; 27> cyf nrk;nkhopfs; cah; Ma;T ikak; jQ;irjkpo;g;gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; Kjy;th; Jtf;fp itj;jhh;.

• ,e;jpa Gtpapay; Ma;Tj;Jiw kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL fdpk epWtdk; ,ilNa Ghpe;Jzh;T xg;ge;jk;.

• Nkl;Lg;ghisak; Kjy; ehkf;fy;tiu gy;NtW gFjpapy; gpshl;bdk; gbkq;fs; ,Ug;gjhf fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ.

• Mf];l; 4> 2010> xNu ehspy; %d;W ngUk; njhopw;rhiy xg;ge;jk;>jkpof Kjy;th; Kd;dpiyapy;

1. “jput epiy vhpthA Kidak;” – jkpo;ehL njhopy; tsh;r;rpepWtdk; kw;Wk; ,e;jpad; Mapy; epWtdk; - ,ize;J – kjpg;G 10Mapuk; Nfhb - ,lk;: fhl;Lg;gs;sp (vz;Z}h; JiwKfk; mUNf)

2. vy;.rp.b kw;Wk; gpsh];kh b.tp cs;spl;l kpd;dZ nghUs; -

tP bNahfhd; epWtdk; - “a+dpl;b mg;isad;]; ypkpnll;” epWtdk;

epWt – kjpg;G 1500 Nfhb ,lk;: khdhkJiu rpg;fhl; njhopw;g+q;fh3. N[.Nf. lah;]; epWtdk; - Gjpa lah; njhopw;rhiy kjpg;G 1500

Nfhb; ,lk;: jpUg;ngUk;GJ}h;

• [{iy 31> 2010–

fhl;Lg;gs;spapy; - fly; eP iuf; FbePuhf;Fk;

epiyak; jpwg;G – Kjy;th; - nryT kjpg;G – 2300 Nfhb

• ‘illy; ghh;f;’ tshfk; - Kjy;th; jpwg;G – Nfhitapy; Mf];l; 2>2010

• rkr;rP h; fy;tp chpikr;rl;lk; - 2009

• 18 taJf;F cl;gl;l midj;J Foe;ijfSf;Fk; ,ytr> rkkhdkw;Wk; jukhd fl;lha fy;tp jha;nkhop %yk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

• ehL KOtJk; rkr;rPh; fy;tpf;fhf Mz;Lf;F &.73 Mapuk; Nfhb

Njit vd;W ‘Nfg;’ FO $wpAs;sJ.

• cyfj;jkpo; nrk;nkhop khehL – 2010 [_d; khjk; 23 Kjy; 27 tiueilngw;wJ



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• gpwehl;L jkpoh;fis nfsutpf;Fk; tpUJfs;: 1. Fws;gP l tpUJ 2.njhy;fhg;gpah; tpUJ

• jkpo; kl;Lk; rk];fpUjj;ij jOtpg; gpwf;fhj nkhop

• jpuhtpl nkhopfspNyNa jiyahaJk; kpfg;nghpa ghuk;ghpaj;ij

nfhz;lJ jkpo;nkhop – lhf;lh; fhy;Lnty;

• jkpo;nkhop nrk;nkhopahf mq;fP fhpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W Kjy; Fuy; vOg;gpath; - fhy;Lnty;

• fhy;Lnty; fUj;ij mbg;gilahf itj;J kiwkiyabfshh; NjtNeag; ghthzh;> mth;fSk; jkpo;jhd; cyf nkhopfspNyNaKjy; nrk;nkhop vd;W miw $ty; tpl;ldh;.

• 1996 Mk; Mz;L jp.K.f. jpUr;rp khehl;by; “jkpo; kj;jpa murpd; mYtyf nkhopfspy; xd;whf mq;fP fhpf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd jP h;khdk; epiwNtw;wpaJ.

• 1998y; BJP Ml;rpapy; ,Ue;j NghJ 1999 Mk; Mz;il rk];fpUjMz;lhf mwptpj;jJ.

• 2004Mk; Mz;L jp.K.f. tpOg;Guk; khehl;by; “jkpOf;F nrk;nkhop

mq;fPfhuk; ngw;Nwj;jP UNthk;” vd jP h;khdk; epiwNtw;wpaJ.

• If;fpa Kw;Nghf;F $l;lzp mNkhf ntw;wp ngw;W Ml;rp mikj;jgpd;G 2004> [_d; khjk; Kd;dhs; FbauRj; jiyth; V.gp.N[.mg;Jy;fyhk; mth;fs; jdJ ghuhSkd;w ciuapy; jkpOf;Fnrk;nkhop mq;fP fhuk; toq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W mwptpj;jhh;.

• If;fpa Kw;Nghf;F muR> mf;Nlhgh; 12> 2004 jkpOf;F nrk;nkhopmq;fP fhuk; toq;fpaJ.

• fd;dpahFkhpapy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s jpUts;Sth; rpiy nrk;nkhopkhehl;bd; rpd;dkhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. jpUts;Sth;

cUtg;glj;ij Rw;wp rpe;Erkntsp ehfhpfj;jpd; milahsr; rpd;dq;fs; nghwpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

• “gpwg;nghf;Fk; my;yh caph;f;Fk;” vd;w ts;Stdpd; thrfk; nrk;nkhop khehl;bd; Kj;jpiu thrfk;.



17

• nrk;nkhop khehl;Lg;ghly; jkpof Kjy;tuhy; ,aw;wg;gl;L> M];fhh;

tpUJ ngw;w ,iraikg;ghsh; A.R. u ;̀khd; mth;fshy;,iraikf;fg;gl;lJ.

• nrk;nkhop khehL> [_d; 23> 2010 md;W FbauRj;jiyth; gpujP ghghl;By; mth;fshy; Muk;gpj;J itf;fg;gl;lJ.

• “fiyQh; K. fUzhepjp nrk;nkhop jkpo;tpUJ” gpd;yhe;J

ehl;ilr;rhh;e;j nkhopapay; mwpQh; Dr. m];Nfhh;g;gh;Nghyhmth;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ.

• rpe;Jntsp ehfhpf kf;fs; Ngrpa jpuhtpl nkhop jkpo; nkhopiaxj;jpUe;jJ vd;W lhf;lh;. m];Nfhh;g;gh;Nghyh jdJ Muha;r;rpapy;fz;Lgpbj;jhh;.

• “fiyQh; K. fUzhepjp nrk;nkhop jkpo; tpUJ” lhf;lh;.m];Nfhg;gh;Nghyh mth;fSf;F nrk;nkhop Muha;r;rp ikaj;jhy; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

• jkpo; ,izajs khehLk;> nrk;nkhop khehl;NlhL elj;jg;gl;lJ

• jkpof Kjy;th; epiwT ciuapy;

1. jkpo; tsh;r;rpf;fhf &.100 Nfhb epjpak; mikf;fg;gLk;.2. jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Mhpa> INuhg;gpa nkhopfspy;

nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;L NjkJuj;jkpNohir cyfk; vy;yhk; guTk; tz;zk; toptif nra;ag;gLk;.

3. rq;fj;jkpo; fhZk; Ie;jpizfis Nghw;Wk; tifapy; jkpofj;jpy;

5 khtl;l ikaq;fspy;> 5 “njhd; kugpay; g+q;fh” Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;.4. kJiuapy; mikatpUf;Fk; njhy;fhg;gpah; nrk;nkhop jkpo;r;rq;fk;

tUq;fhyq;fspy; nrk;nkhop khehLfis Kiwahf elj;Jtjw;FVw;ghLfis nra;Ak;.

5. Fkhp fz;lj;jpYk;> g+k;GfhhpYk; mfo;thuha;r;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;seltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;.

6. njhy;ypay; Muha;r;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F nrd;idapy; Xh; Muha;r;rp $lk; epWt Ntz;Lk;.

7. cyfj;jkpo; nrk;nkhop khehL ,dp Ie;jhz;LfSf;F xU KiweilngWk;.

8. jkpopy; gbj;jth;fSf;F muR Ntiyapy; Kd;Dhpik9. nrk;nkhop khehl;L nryT 68.5 Nfhb &gha;.

• kJiu jy;yhFsk; gFjpapy; 14.15 Vf;fh; epyj;jpy; “njhy;fhg;gpah; cyfj; jkpo;r;rq;fk;” mikf;fg;gLk; ,q;F> jkpo; Ma;T muq;fk;



18

mikf;fg;gl;L> mjpy; rq;fg; Gyth;fs; kw;Wk; jkpo; rhd;Nwhhpd; rpiymikf;fg;gLk;.

• kJiu khtl;lk;> jpUg;guq;Fd;wj;jpy; 4 Nfhb &gha; kjpg;gPl;by; Rw;Wr;#oy; g+q;fh mikf;fg;gLk;.

• jkpofj;jpy; Gjpa njhopw;Ngl;ilfs; mikf;fg;gl cs;s ,lq;fs;

1. jQ;ir khtl;lk; - ghiyag;gl;b fpuhkk; 2. jpUts;Sth; khtl;lk; - fhNthp uh[Guk; fpuhkk;> Vdk;ghf;fk;

fpuhkk;.3. jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lk; - nghd;dhFb4. tpUJefh; khtl;lk; - re;jpug;gl;b fpuhkk; 5. GJf;Nfhl;il khtl;lk; - khj;J}h; fpuhkk; (Fsj;J}h; tl;lk;)6. f&h; khtl;lk; - khzthrp7. NtY}h; khtl;lk; - my;yhy Nrhp (Mw;fhL tl;lk;)> ehfNyhp fpuhkk; 8. Nfhak;Gj;J}h; khtl;lk; - kapNyhpghisak; fpuhkk;

• jkpofj;jpy; Nkyit mikg;gjw;fhd jP h;khdk; thf;nfLg;G %yk;

rl;lg;Nguitapy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. (nkhj;jk;: 216 Ngh;; Mjuthf 155Ngh;> vjpuhf 61 cWg;gpdh;)

• 1986y; M.G. uhkr;re;jpud; (Kd;dhs; Kjy;th;) ghpe;Jiuahy; Nkyitfiyf;fg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ k.ngh. rptQhdk; jiyth;

• 2010 Nk> 16 – FbauRj;jiyth; gpujP gh ghl;By; jkpofj;jpd; NkyitkNrhjhTf;F xg;Gjy; mspj;jhh;.

• Nkyit mikf;Fk; gzpapd; rpwg;G Mizah; V.vk;.gp. [khYjP d;

• 1999Mk; Mz;L jkpo; ,iza khehl;by;> jkpo; ,izag;gy;fiyf; fofk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

• nrd;id cah; eP jpkd;wk;> kJiu fpisapy; jkpopy; tof;FfisthjhLtjw;F jkpof rl;lg;Nguitapy; jP h;khdk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ.

• ,e;jpa murpay; rl;ltpjp 348-,d; fP o; cah; eP jpkd;wq;fspy; tof;fhLnkhopahf Mq;fpyk; eP bf;Fk; vd jiyik eP jpgjp mYtyfk; njhptpj;jJ.

• 10 kw;Wk; +2> Njh;Tfspy; khzt> khztpfs; mjpf msT Njh;r;rpngw;w khtl;lk; tpUJfs; khtl;lk; (25 Mz;Lfshf)



19

• nrd;id mz;zhrhiyapy; Xke;J}uhh; murpdh; Njhl;lj;jpy; 25 Vf;fh; epyg;gug;gpy; 12.11.2008 Kjy; fl;lg;gl;L Gjpa rl;lg;Nguit tshfk; te;jJ.

• Gjpa rl;lg;Nguit – jiyikr; nrayf tshfj;ij ghuj gpujkh;

lhf;lh;. kd;Nkhfd; rpq; khh;r; 13> 2010 jpwe;J itj;jhh;.gpshf; V (A) – rl;lkd;w tshf;

gpshf; gp (B) – jiyikr; nrayf tshf fl;blk; - 7 khb

• jkpof muRg;gzpapy; kfspUf;F 30% ,l xJf;fP L toq;fpa rl;lk; -1989

• kiytho; goq;Fb kf;fSf;F xU tpOf;fhL jdp xJf;fP L toq;fparl;lk; - 1990

• cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfspy; ngz;fSf;F 33% - ,l xJf;fP L toq;fparl;lk; - 1996

• tptrhapfSf;F 7000 Nfhb &gha; $l;LwT fld; js;Sgb nra;jjpl;lk; - 2006

• fhkuhrh; gpwe;jehs; “fy;tp tsh;r;rp ehs;” rl;lk; - 2006

• ,];yhkpah;fSf;F 3.5% ,l xJf;fP L toq;fpa rl;lk; - 2007

• ijj;jpq;fs; Kjy; ehs; jkpo; Gj;jhz;L njhlq;Fk; ehs; vd;w rl;lk; - 2008

• mUe;jjpaUf;F 3.5% ,l xJf;fP L rl;lk; - 2009

• fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; 21 ,yl;rk; FbirfSf;F gjpyhf fhd;fphP l; tP Lfs; fl;Lk; jpl;lk; - 2010

• jkpo;ehL kfsph; Mizaj;jpw;F Gjpa jiytuhf Kd;dhs; mikr;rh;

rw;Fz ghz;bad; epakdk;.

• jkpoh;fspd; gz;ghL> fyhr;rhuj;ij giwrhw;Wk; fpuhkpaf; fiytpoh>ehd;fhtJ Mz;lhf 2010> [dthp 10 nrd;id rq;fkk; njhlq;fpaJ.

( Jan 10 Kjy; Jan 17 tiu)

• jkpof MSeh; Rh;[pj;rpq; gh;dhyh jkpof rl;lrigapy; 2010> [dthp 6ciuahw;wpdhh;.



20

• 4tJ khepy epjpf;FO Nf. gzpe;jpunul;b jiyikapy; mikg;G

• nrd;id ejpeP h; Mizaj;jiyth; Jiz Kjy;th; K.f. ];lhypd;

• $tk; MW cw;gj;jpahFk; ,lkhd jpUts;Sth; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s$tk; Vhpapy; ,Ue;J mJ flypy; fyf;Fk; ,lk; tiu nkhj;jk; 65fp.kP J}uk;.

• je;ij nghpahh; epidthf rkj;Jt Guq;fs; fl;lg;gLfpd;wd.

• jpUth&hpy; kj;jpa gy;fiyf;fofk; njhlf;fk; nrg;lk;gh; 30> 2009.

• rkr;rPh; fy;tpKiw tUk; 2010-11 fy;tpahz;by; ,Ue;Jmky;gLj;jg;gLk; vd;W jkpof Kjy;th; mwptpg;G ,e;j fy;tp Mz;by;

1 kw;Wk; 6 tFg;Gfspy; rkr;rPh; fy;tpf;fhd nghJ ghlj;jpl;lk;> ghlE}y;fis cUthf;fp nray;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd fUzhepjp cj;juT.

• thfd cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; tbtikg;gpy; jkpo;ehL Kjyplk;

• jpUth&h; kj;jpa gy;fiyf;fofj;ij njhlq;fpitj;j kj;jpa kdpjts Nkk;ghl;Lj;Jiw mikr;rh; fgpy;rpgpy; jkpofj;jpy; eNthjags;spfSf;F khepy muR mDkjp juNtz;Lk; vd Ntz;LNfhisKd;itj;jhh;.

• nghUshjhu typikapy; jkpofk; 4Mk; ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ

• jkpofj;jpy; Mz;L tUkhdk; &gha; 72>000f;F Fiwthf cs;s VioFLk;gq;fs; gad;ngWk; tifapy; cah; rpfpr;irf;fhd fiyQh; fhg;gP l;Lj;jpl;lj;jpid kj;jpa Rfhjhuj;Jiw mikr;rh; Fyhk; egp

Mrhj; nrd;idapy; [{iy 23> 2009 – jkpof Kjy;th; Kd;dpiyapy; njhlq;fpdhh;.

• kUj;Jtf; fUtpfs; kw;Wk; rhjdq;fs; jahhpg;gjw;fhf xUq;fpize;jkUj;Jtg;g+q;fhit nrq;fy;gl;by; mika cs;sjhf Rfhjhuj;Jiw

mikr;rh; Fyhk; egp Mrhj; mwptpg;G

• nrq;fy;gl;by; xUq;fpize;j Neha;jLg;G kUe;J tshfk; mikacs;sJ.



21

• jkpofj;jpNyNa Kjyhtjhf 3-MtJ jiyKiw (3G) vd

miof;fg;gLk; 3G nry;Nghd; Nrit Nfhit kw;Wk; eP yfphpkhtl;lj;jpy; [dthp 24> 2010 njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

• jkpo; ,iza khehL mf;Nlhgh; 23> 2009 md;W n[h;kdpapy;

eilngw;wJ. (fzpdptop fhz;Nghk; jkpo;) – khehL ikafUj;J.

• jkpo; ,iza khehl;by; jkpof muR gpujpepjpahf mz;zhgy;fiyf;fof Kd;dhs; JizNte;jh; K. mde;jfpU~;zd; fzpdpj;jkpo; rq;fj;jiyth; Mz;Nlh gP l;lh;> jkpo; ,izagy;fiyf;fof ,af;Feh; ef;fP ud; cs;gl 15f;F Nkw;gl;Nlhh; ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J fye;J nfhz;ldh;.

• jkpo;ehl;by; mhpaY}h; mUNf cs;s fpuhkj;jpy; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhdilNdhrh; Kl;ilfs; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

• ilNdhrh; Kl;ilfs; nfhs;splk; - nts;shw;Wf;F ,ilNaMw;Wg;gLif mUNf epytpay; tpQ;Qhdpfs; mfo;thuha;r;rp nra;jNghJ fz;lwpag;gl;lJ.

• Mf];l; 9> 2009 jpUts;Sth; rpiy ngq;f@hpy; jkpof Kjy;th; jpwe;jhh;.

• Mf];l; 13> 2009 fd;dl ftpQh; rh;tf;Qh; rpiy nrd;idapy; fh;ehlfKjy;th; jpwe;jhh;.

• M.P. f;fs; khjk; 16 Mapuk; rk;gsk; ngw;wdh; (gioa Cjpak;)

• vk;.gpf;fs; rk;gsj;ij 80 Mapuj;J xU &ghahf cah;j;j Ntz;Lk;vd ghh;ypnkz;l; $l;Lf;FO ghpe;Jiu nra;jJ.

• kj;jpa mikr;ruit> vk;.gp. rk;gsk; 50 Mapuk; vd xg;Gjy; mspj;jJ.

• njhFjp kw;Wk; mYtyf mytd;];fs; khjk; jyh 20>000 vd;gJ 40Mapuk; &ghahf cah;j;jg;gl;lJ. ,J NghjhJ vd vk;.gpf;fs;

ghh;ypnkz;by; mksp.

• Mf];l; 22> 2010 mikr;ruit $l;lj;jpy; vk;.gpf;fs; rk;gsk; khjk; njhFjp mytd;rhf 45 Mapuk;> mYtyf mytd;rhf 45>000 &gha; rk;gsk; 50>000 Nrh;j;J khjk; xd;Wf;F 1.40 yl;rk; &gha; ngWthh;fs;.



22

• Kd;dhs; kj;jpa mikr;rh;fs; gphpauQ;rd;jh]; Kd;~p> Kusp kNdhfh; N[h~p> Nkhfd;rpq; (rkh[;thb fl;rp %j;j jiyth;) MfpNahUf;F

2007> 2008> 2009 – Mk; Mz;bw;fhd rpwe;j ehlhSkd;wthjp tpUJMf];l; 18k; Njjp GJby;ypapy; FbauRj;jiyth; toq;fpdhh;.

• National Innovation Council – Njrpa GJikf;FO jpU. rhk; gpl;Nuhlh mth;fspd; jiyikapy; Njrpa GJikf;FO mikf;fgpujkh; mDkjp. ,e;jf; FO ,e;jpahtpd; tsh;r;rpf;fhd gy;NtWfhuzpfis Muha;e;J 2010-2020 tiuapyhd gj;jhz;L fhyj;jpw;FGJikahd Mf;fg;g+h;t tsh;r;rp eltbf;iffs; gw;wp muRf;FMNyhrid toq;f mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

• #g;gh; gf; Neha;f;fpUkp: Kjy; Kjyhf nly;yp kUj;Jtkidapy; ,e;Neha;f;fpUkp fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;ljhy; ,jd; ngah; vd;.b.vk;-1(epa+nly;yp nkl;ly;Nyh gP l;lh Nyf;lNk];) ve;j kUe;Jf;Fk;

fl;Lg;glhjjhy; “#g;gh;gf;” vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

• ,e;jpa Njh;jy; Mizak; 1950> [dthp 25 cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jMz;L 2010 jdJ itutpoh nfhz;lhbaJ.

• Nlq;fh;fis jhf;fp mopf;fty;y> ehf; VTfizapd; ghpNrhjidntw;wpfukhf [{iy 16> 2010 md;W uh[];jhdpy; eilngw;wJ. (2011y; ,uhZtj;jpy; Nrh;f;fg;glTs;sJ)

• ,e;jpahtpy; KjyhtJ ghJfhg;G gy;fiyf;fofk;

1. ,e;jpa Njrpa ghJfhg;G gy;fiyf;fofk; 2. Indian National Defence University - `hpahdh khepyj;jpd;

Fh;fhd; gFjpapy; “igNdhy” vd;w ,lj;jpy; &gha; 300 Nfhbkjpg;gpy; mikf;fg;gLk; vd mwptpg;G.

• fhkd;nty;j; Nghl;bapy; 16 jpl;lq;fspy; KiwNfLfs; Coy; ele;jpUg;gij kj;jpa yQ;r xopg;G Mizak; fz;Lgpbj;Js;sJ.

• “Nfh`pD}h; ituk;” vil 105 fhul;

• Vg;uy; 6> 2010 rj;jP];fh; khepyk; je;Njthlh vd;w ,lj;jpy; khNthap];Lfs; elj;jpa td;Kiw jhf;FjYf;F 75f;Fk; Nkw;gl;lrp.Mh;.gp.v/g;. fhtyh;fs; gyp.

• INS fNkhh;jh vd;gJ ,e;jpahtpd; KjyhtJ ePh;%o;fpf; fg;giyj; jhf;ff;$ba ,e;jpa flw;gilapd; Nghh;f;fg;gy; MFk;.



23

• [_d; 10> 2010 ,e;jpahTk;> ,yq;ifAk; ehl;bd; ghJfhg;G> tsh;r;rpkw;Wk; Fbngah;e;j jkpoh;fspd; kWtho;T cs;spl;l 7 xg;ge;jq;fs; ifnaOj;J.

• INS rpthypf; - Nulhh; fUtpfSf;F “Gyg;glhj KjyhtJ

Nghh;f;fg;gy; - ,e;jpahtpy; Kjd; Kjypy; cs;ehl;L njhopy; El;gj;jpy; cUthdJ”

• jhNkhjud; fkpl;b : tq;fpapy; thbf;ifahsh;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; Nritfspy; FiwghLfis fisaTk;> rpwe;j Nritf;fhd

toptiffis fz;lwpa (SEBI Kd;dhs; ,af;Fdh; jhNkhjud;)mikf;fg;gl;lJ.

• FNu~p [{iy 30 Kjy; jiyik Njh;jy; fkp~duhf nghWg;G

• Me;jpukhepyk; flg;gh khtl;lj;jpw;F kiwe;j Kjy;th; Y.S.uh[Nrfunul;b khtl;lk; vd ngah; khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

• ,e;jpah – fdlh ehLfSf;F ,ilNa> tuyhw;W rpwg;G kpf;f rptpy; mZrf;jp xg;ge;jk; [{d; 2 ifnaOj;jhdJ.

• [{d; 2> 2010 ICC jiytuhf ruj;gthh; nghWg;Ngw;whh;.

• Njdp khtl;lk; Njtrhuk; mUNf mk;gug;gh; fhl;Lg;gFjpapy; cyfpNyNa kpfg;nghpa kpd;fhe;jkhf ,e;jpad; epa+l;bhpNdh

mg;rh;Ntl;lhp (INO) mika cs;sJ. nryT 60 Nfhb

• Njrpa kdpj chpik Mizaj;jpd; 6tJ jiytuhf cr;reP jpkdw; Kd;dsh; jiyik eP jpgjp Nf.[p. ghyfpU~;zd; epakdk;.

• Vh; khh;~y; g+~z; eP yfz;l NfhfNy jiyikapy; FO mikg;G – kq;f@U tpkhd tpgj;J Fwpj;J.

• H1N1 ituirf; nfhy;Yk; “th]p/GS” vd;Dk; jLg;g+rp kUe;J

jahhpg;G - ,J %f;F topNa nrhl;L kUe;jhf mspf;fg;gLk; (Nasovac)

• 38tJ jiyik ePjpgjpahf (cr;r eP jpkd;wk;) r^uh]; N`hkp fghbahepakdk;. ,th; nrg;lk;gh; 29> 2012 tiu gjtpapy; ,Ug;ghh;.

• ngz;fSf;fhd ,l xJf;fP L kNrhjh khh;r; 9> 2010 epiwNtwpaJ.



24

• Nfushtpy; cs;s fz;Z}h; khtl;lk; 100% Muk;gfy;tpiangw;Ws;sJ.

• ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s 6 taJ Kjy; 14 taJ tiuapyhd midj;J

Foe;ijfSk; fy;tp ngWtij mbg;gil chpikahf;Fk; rl;lk; ehLKOtJk; 2010> Vg;uy; 1 Kjy; mkYf;F te;jJ.

• murpay; rhrdj;jpd; 86tJ gphptpy; fy;tpia mbg;gil chpikahf;Fk; kNrhjh 2002 Mk; Mz;L ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ.

• K];yP k;fSf;F 4 rjtP jk; ,l xJf;fP L mspg;gjw;F Me;jpu muRf;F,ilf;fhy mDkjp toq;fp cs;sJ cr;reP jpkd;wk;.

• rl;l fkp~d; jiytuhf gp.tp.nul;b epakdk;.

• v];.b. nlz;Ly;fh; jiyikapy; epakpf;fg;gl;l tWik mstPl;Lf;FOnrg;lk;gh; - 2009 mspj;j kjpg;gP l;bd;gb ,e;jpa kf;fs; njhifapy;

38% tWikapy; cs;sdh;.

• MLA, MP, Njh;jypy; Nghl;bapl tpUk;Gk; egh;fSf;F nlghrpl; njhifcah;Tnlghrpl; njhif cah;Tkhepy rl;lrigf;F - &.10>000 (Kd;G &.5>000)jho;j;jg;gl;l> goq;Fb egh;fSf;F - &.5>000 (Kd;G 2>500)

kf;fsitf;F Nghl;bapl tpUk;GNthh; - &.25>000 (Kd;G 10>000)jho;j;jg;gl;l> goq;Fbapd egh;fSf;F - &.12>500 (Kd;G 5>000)

• ehl;bd; midj;J Fbkf;fSf;Fk; Kjd;Kjyhf gy;Nehf;F Njrpamilahs vz; toq;fg;glTs;sJ. iftpuy; Nuif my;yJ tpopj;jpiumilahskhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,jd; jiyik nray; mjpfhhpee;jd; ePyNfzp epakdk;.

• Kjy; fl;lkhf ehl;bd; flNyhu khepyq;fspy; trpg;gth;fSf;Fmilahs vz; toq;fg;glTs;sJ.

• INS Arihant - ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; mZrf;jp eP h;%o;fp fg;gy; [{iy 26>2009 md;W ,e;jpa flw;gilapy; ,izf;fg;gl;lJ.

• xNrhNdhrhl; - 2 (fly;rhh; tsq;fisg;gw;wp Muha) ,e;jpahtpy;

tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ. nrg;lk;gh; 23> 2009 md;W PSLV – C14 uhf;nfl; -gpwehLfspy; 6 ehNdh nraw;if Nfhs;fis Rke;J nrd;wJ.



25

• Ie;J fl;lq;fshf Vg;uy; 16 Kjy; Nk 13 tiu kf;fsit Njh;jy; eilngw;wJ. If;fpa Kw;Nghf;Ff; $l;lzp 262 ,lq;fisifg;gw;wpaJ.

,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; - 206 jphpzhKy; fhq;fpu]; - 19

BJP – 116 DMK – 18rkh[;thb [djh fl;rp – 23 khh;f;rp];l; fk;a+dp];l; fl;rp – 17

gF[d; rkh[; fl;rp – 21 gp[{ [djh jsk; - 14

If;fpa [djh jsk; - 20 rptNrdh – 11

AIADMK – 9 Njrpathj fhq;fpu]; - 9

RNar;ir – 9 njYq;F Njrk; - 9

• Nk 22> 2009 kd;Nkhfd; rpq; gpujkuhf gjtp Vw;whh;.

• 15tJ kf;fsit rghehafh; - jpUkjp. kP uhFkhh; Jiz rghehafh; - fhpa Kz;lh (BJP)

• ,ir cyfpy; toq;fg;gLk; kpf cahpa tpUJ – fpuhkp tpUJ (fpuhkNghd; tpUJ - ,ir cyfpd; M];fhh; vd fUjg;gLtJ) 2009Mk;

mz;L 52tJ fpuhkp tpUJ A.R. uFkhDf;F 2 tpUJfs;. xU tpUJ

“];yk;lhf; kpy;ypadh;” glj;Jf;fhfTk; kw;nwhd;W “n[a;N`h” ghlYf;F ,ir mikj;jw;fhf toq;fg;gl;lJ.

• kugZ fj;jhpf;fha;f;F 11 khepyq;fspy; vjph;g;G,e;jpahtpy; gaph; nra;a mDkjp fpilahJ vd;W kj;jpa muRmwptpg;G

• 2010y; 108 Mz;LfSf;F gpwF mw;Gj fq;fz #hpa fpufzk; kJiu>fd;dpahFkhp> ,uhNk];tuk;> jD];Nfhb Mfpa ,lq;fspy; KOikahf fhl;rp mspj;jJ.

• 97tJ ,e;jpa mwptpay; khehL> [dthp 3> 2010 md;W Nfus khepyk; jpUtde;jGuj;jpy; njhlq;fpaJ.

• Njrpa mwptpay; kw;Wk; nghwpapay; Muha;r;rp thhpak; 2010 khh;r; Kjy; nray;gl njhlq;fpaJ.

• 2011 [dthpapy; 98tJ ,e;jpa mwptpay; khehL S.R.M. gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; eilngw cs;sJ. (nrd;id)



26

• ,e;jpahtpy; 31 rjtP j K];yPk;fs; tWikf; Nfhl;bw;F fP o; ,Ug;gjhfNjrpa gad;ghl;L nghUspay; Ma;Tf;FOtpd; Ma;T $Wfpd;wJ.

• fg;gypy; ,Ue;J nrq;Fj;jhfr; rP wpr; nrd;W vjphp ehl;L fg;giy jhf;fpmopf;fty;y #g;gh; rhdpf; gpuNkh]; VTfizia ,e;jpahtpy;

ntw;wpfukhf Nrhjpj;jJ ghh;f;fg;gl;lJ. (xhprh – tq;ff;fly;)

gpuNkh];

gpu means gpuk;kGj;jpuh ejpia Fwpf;Fk;

Nkh]; means u~;ahtpd; kh];Nfh efiu Fwpf;Fk;

• G. khjtd; ehah;> rh;tNjr tpz;ntsp mfhlkpapd; (IAA) jiytuhf

epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;. IAA jiyikaplk; ghhP ]py; cs;sJ

• ,e;jpah – u~;ah ,ilNa rptpy; mZrf;jp xg;ge;jk; brk;gh; 7> 2009md;W ifnaOj;jhdJ.

• (National Water Animal) ek; ehl;bd; Njrpa eP h;tho; tpyq;Fr;rpd;dkhflhy;/gpd; Njh;T nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. lhy;/gpd; ,e;jpahtpy; fq;fh

(Ganges) – fq;if kw;Wk; gpuk;kGj;jpuh ejpfspy; ,e;jpahTf;Fk;tq;fhs Njrj;Jf;Fk; ,ilNa mjpfk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

• fhfpj Nehl;bw;F gjpyhf ghypkh; Nehl;Lfis mwpKfg;gLj;jeltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. Kjd; Kjypy; ghypkh; Nehl;Lfs;

1988y; M];jpNuypahtpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

• Mrpa rpq;fspd; fzf;nfLg;G 2010: F[uhj;jpd; fph; tdg;gFjpapy; rpq;fk; fzf;nfLg;G eilngw;wJ.

2005 fzf;nfLg;gpy; nkhj;j rpq;fk; : 3582010 fzf;nfLg;gpy; nkhj;j rpq;fk; : 411

• kf;fs;njhif fzf;nfLg;G> jw;NghJ 15MtJ Kiwahf Vg;uy; 1>2010y; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.

• jw;Nghija kf;fs; fzf;nfLg;gpd; Kof;fk;

“ek; kf;fs; fzf;nfLg;G> ek; vjph;fhyk;” (Our Census, our future)

• Guh (PURA) – Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Areas – murhq;f jpl;lq;fSf;F> jdpahh; Jiwapd; nray;ghl;il gad;gLj;jp>eyj;jpl;lq;fis> Fwpg;ghf fpuhkq;fspy; nray;gLj;jNy MFk;.



27

• Me;jpu Kjy;th; uh[Nrfu nul;b nrg;lk;gh; 2> 2009 md;W fh;D}y; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s ey;ykiy fhLfspd; gTuyh Fl;lh gFjpapy; eilngw;w n`ypfhg;lh; tpgj;jpy; cly; rpjwp caph; ,oe;jhh;.

• njhiyj;njhlh;Gj;Jiwapd; gpjhkfd; vd;wiof;fg;gLk; rhk; gpj;Nuhlh

gpujkhpd; MNyhrfuhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;. NkYk; Njrpa mwpT rhh;FOtpd; jiytuhf cs;shh;. (National Knowledge Commission)

• xUehs; rh;tNjr fphpf;nfl; Nghl;bfspy; rr;rpd; nlz;Ly;fh; “,ul;ilrjk;” mbj;jhh;. gpg;uthp 2010 Fthypah; efhpy; ,e;jpah – njd; Mg;gphpf;f mzpfSf;F ,ilNa eilngw;w 2tJ xU ehs; rh;tNjrfphpf;nfl; Nghl;bapy; ,e;j rhjid epfo;e;jJ.

• rr;rpd; nlz;Ly;fh; xU ehs; rh;tNjr fphpf;nfl; Nghl;bapy; 17>000 ud; fle;j Kjy; tP uh; vd;fpw ngUikia rr;rpd; nlz;Ly;fh; ngw;Ws;shh;.

(India Vs Australia) mzpfSf;F vjpuhd i`juhghj; efhpy;eilngw;w xUehs; Nghl;bapy; ,e;j rhjidia nlz;Ly;fh; gilj;jhh;.

• NeU Nfhg;ig fhy;ge;J Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpah 6 – 5 vd;w Nfhy; fzf;fpy; rphpahit ntd;W Nfhg;igia jf;fitj;Jf; nfhz;lJ.

• kj;jpa murpd; kpfTk; gpugykhd Njrpa Cuf Ntiytha;g;G cWjpjpl;lj;Jf;F kfhj;kh fhe;jp ngaiur; #l;l kj;jpa muR KbT

• [k;K fh~;kP h; gpugy gj;jphpf;ifahsh; - vOj;jhsh; - kdpj chpikMh;tyuhd gy;uh[;g+hpf;F Njrpa xUikg; ;ghl;lf;fhd ,e;jpuh fhe;jptpUJ toq;fg;gl;lJ.

• kp];Adpth;]; - 2010> mnkhpf;fhtpy; yh];Ntfh]; efhpy; ele;j2010Mk; Mz;bw;fhd kp];Adpth;]; Nghl;bapy; nkf;rpNfh ehl;ilNrh;e;j [pNkdh egul;Nl mofp gl;lk; ntd;whh;.

• 16tJ njd;fpof;F Mrpa ehLfs; khehL Vg;uy; 9> 2010 md;W `h

Neha; (Ha Noi) tpal;ehkpy; eilngw;wJ. 17tJ cr;rpkhehL

mf;Nlhgh; khjk; ,e;NjhNd~pahtpy; eilngwTs;sJ.

• 16tJ rhh;f; khehL 2010> Vg;uy; 28> 29 Njjpfspy; g+l;lhd; jiyefuk; jpk;Gtpy; eilngw;wJ.



28

• G15 ehLfspd; cr;rpkhehL – 14tJ khehL Nk 17 Kjy; 20 tiu>2010 nj`;uhd; (<uhd;) ehl;by; eilngw;wJ. 15tJ cr;rpkhehL 2012y; ,yq;ifapy; eilngWk;.

• 4 tJ I.gp.v];.V khehL gpNurpypy; eilngw;wJ (,e;jpah> gpNurpy;> njd;

Mg;gphpf;f ehLfis Fwpf;Fk;).

• nts;sp fpufj;ijg; gw;wp Ma;T nra;tjw;fhf [g;ghd; jdJ KjyhtJ

nraw;if Nfhshd “mfhl;Rfp”ia – H – 2 A vd;w uhf;nfl; %yk; Nk21> 2010 md;W [g;ghdpd; njw;F gFjp jNdfh~pkh vd;w tpz;ntspepiyaj;jpypUe;J nrYj;jpaJ.

• fd;rh;Ntbt; fl;rpj; jiyth; Nltpl; Nfk&d; mth;fs; ,q;fpyhe;J gpujkuhfNk 21> 2010 gjptpNaw;whh;.

• 2010 Jan 12 – fhP gpad; fly; gFjpapd; ehlhd i`jp jP tpy; hpf;lh; msTNfhspy; 7 Gs;spfs; jpwd; nfhz;l gaq;fu epyeLf;fk; Vw;gl;lJ.(2>30>000 Ngh; - kuzk;).

• Jghapy; 160 jsq;fs; nfhz;l cyfpd; caukhd fl;llk; Gh;[;fhyp/gh

Jan 4> 2010 jpwf;fg;gl;lJ 2>625 mb cauk; cyfpd; kpf cahe;j fl;llk;.

• ,d;GT+ad;rh H1N1 – ];itd;/g;S vdg;gLk; Neha; - itu]; Neha; njhw;W

• Shangai co-operation org onsation Summit 10 –tJ cr;rpkhehL [P d; 11>2010 md;W c];ngfp];jhd; ehl;L jiyefh; jh~;nfz;l; efhpy; eilngw;wJ.

• mnkhpf;f mjpgh; ghuf;xghkh 2009 Mk; Mz;bd; mikjpf;fhd Nehgy; ghpRf;F Njh;T nra;ag;gl;Ls;shh;.

• khyj;jP tpy; flYf;fbapy; mikr;ruitf; $l;lk; eilngw;wJ. flYf;fbapy; mikr;ruitf; $l;lk; elj;jg;gLtJ cyfpNyNa ,JNt Kjy; KiwahFk; (Gtpapd; ntg;gepiy mjpfhpj;J tUtij czh;j;Jk; tifapy; ,f;$l;lk; eilngw;wJ).

• gUtepiy khw;wk; Fwpj;j Nfhgd;N`fd; cr;rpkhehL – 2009> brk;gh; 7 to 18 tiu jl;gntg;gk; Fwpj;j khehl;by; 193 ehLfspypUe;J jiyth;fs; kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oy; Mh;tyh;fs; gq;Nfw;wdh;.

• re;jpudpy; jz;zP h; cs;sJ vd;W ,e;jpah mDg;gpa re;jpuahd;-1 tpz;fyk; fz;Lgpbj;Jf; $wpAs;sJ.



29

• nrg;lk;gh; 12> 1996 Mk; Mz;L NjtfTlh gpujk ke;jphpahf ,Ue;j NghJngz;fs; ,lxJf;fP L kNrhjh jhf;fy; nra;ag;gl;lJ>

• khh;r; ; 9> 2010 khfhzq;fs; mitapy; [Rajya Sabha] xg;Gjy; mspf;fg;gl;lJ.

• jkpofj;jpy; 2005 Mk; Mz;by; tlfpof;Fg; gUtkiof; fhyj;jpd; NghJehd;FKiw ngWkio nga;jjhy; 22 khtl;lq;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;ld.

• 2008 tlfpof;Fg; gUtkioahy;> ep~h Gayhy; 12 khtl;lq;fs; gyj;jNrjk; Vw;gl;lJ.

• jhkpuguzp – fUNkdpahW – ek;gpahW ,izg;Gj; jpl;lj;jpw;F 9.2.2009md;W jkpof Kjy;tuhy; mbf;fy; ehl;lg;gl;lJ.

• 2009 [dthp 1 Kjy; fhiy 10 kzp Kjy; ,uT 10 kzp tiukJf;filfs; ,aq;Fk; vd;W muR Miz

• rpwg;Gg; nghJ tpepNahfj;jpl;lj;jpd; fP o; 2.10.2008 Kjy; gj;J kspifg; nghUs;fs; nkhj;jkhf &gha; 50 vd;w kypthd tpiyapy;> epaha tpiyf; filfs; %yk; midj;Jf; FLk;g ml;iljhuh;fSf;Ftoq;fg;gl;LtpUfpd;wJ.

• ney;iy khtl;lk; fq;if nfhz;lhdpy; V.b.rp. lah;]; vd;w epWtdKk; (Gjpa lah; njhopw;rhiy)

nguk;gY}h; khtl;lk; MRF epWtdk; Gjpa lah; njhopw;rhiy.Nfhit khtl;lk; gy;ylj;jpy; R];yhd; epWtdk; Gjpa fhw;whiyg; ghfq;fs; cw;gj;jpj; njhopw;rhiyAk;>jpUtz;zhkiy khtl;lk; nra;ahwpy; FNuhj;ypq; epWtdk; etP df; fhyzpnjhopw;rhiyAk; mike;J tUfpd;wd.

• epyj;jb eP hpy; /g;NshiuL mjpfk; cs;s jUkGhp kw;Wk; fpU~;zfphpkhtl;lq;fspd; FbeP h; gpur;rpidf;F epue;juj; jP h;thd XNfdf;fy; $l;Lf;FbeP h; jpl;lj;jpw;F 26.2.2008 md;W jkpof Kjy;tuhy; mbf;fy; ehl;lg;gl;lJ (&gha; 1>330 Nfhb nryT).

• ,uhkehjGuk;> rptfq;if> GJf;Nfhl;il khtl;lq;fspy; cs;s twzl

gFjpfspd; FbeP h; Njitia epiwT nra;a &gha; 616 Nfhb kjpg;gP l;by;,uhkehjGuk; $l;Lf; FbePh;jpl;lk; gzp eilngw;WtUfpd;wJ.

• &gha; 908 Nfhb nrytpy; nrd;id mUNfAs;s nek;Nkypapy;> ehs;NjhWk; 100 kpy;ypad; ypl;lh; mstpw;F fly; eP iu FbeP uhf;Fk; jpl;lk; eilngw;WtUfpd;wJ.



30

• jpUr;rpapy; ,e;jpa Nkyhz;ikf; fy;tp epWtdj;ijAk;> Nfhak;Gj;J}hpy; cyfj;juk; tha;e;j gy;fiyf;fofj;ijAk;> jpUth&hpy; kj;jpa gy;fiyf; fofk; mikf;f kj;jpa muR mDkjp.

• tpOg;Guk;> jpz;btdk;> gz;Ul;b> jpUf;Ftis> ,uhkehjGuk; kw;Wk;

mhpaY}h; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; XNu Mz;by; MW muR nghwpapay;fy;Y}hpfis mikj;jJ muR.

• kJuthaypypUe;J nrd;id JiwKfj;jpw;F &gha; 1>655 Nfhb kjpg;gPl;by;

“gwf;Fk; rhiy” mikg;gjw;fhd jpl;lk; kj;jpa murhy; xg;Gjy; mspf;fg;gl;L 8.1.2009 md;W Kjyikr;rh; Kd;dpiyapy; ghuj gpujkh; kd;Nkhfd;rpq; mth;fshy; mbf;fy; ehl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

• &gha; 14>600 Nfhb kjpg;gP l;by; nkl;Nuh ,uapy; jpl;lk;

• Xa;T ngw;w cah;eP jpkd;w ePjpaurh; jpU. M.S. [dhh;j;jdk; mth;fisf; nfhz;l xU egh; FO> mwpf;if gb mUe;jjpah;f;F 3 rjtP j cs; xJf;fP Ltoq;Ftjw;F rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gl;lJ.

• 2008 - mz;zhgjf;fk; (tP ujpur;nraYf;fhf) - jhgpj; myp (,uhkehjGuk); - rhyk;khs; (fpU~;zfphp)

kj;jpa murpd; [P td;uf;~h gjf;fk; - jpU. uhjhfpU~;zd;

Nfhl;il mkP h; kjey;ypzf;fg; gjf;fk; - M.M.S. mg;Jy; t`hg;

• nrd;id mUNf cj;jz;bapy; 31.12.2008 md;W> ,e;jpahtpNyNa Kjy; Kiwahf jkpo;ehl;by; fly;rhh; gy;fiyf;fofk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. jkpofKjy; ;th; njhlq;fpdhh;.

• nrd;id mUfpy; Xuflj;jpy; &gha; 470 Nfhb &gha; KjyP l;by; NjrpaNkhl;lhh; thfdr; Nrhjid kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp cs;spl;l tsh;r;rp fl;likg;Gikak; 4.11.2006 md;W mbf;fy; ehl;lg;gl;lJ.

• 2 Mapuj;J 427 Nfhb &gha; kjpg;gP L NrJ rKj;jpuj;jpl;lk; 2.7.2005 md;WkJiuapy; njhlq;fp itf;fg;gl;lJ.

• 8.1.2009 ntspehL tho; ,e;jpah;fs; khehL nrd;idapy; Dr. kd;Nkhfd;rpq;

Jtq;fp itj;jhh;.

• kjpg;G $l;L thp jkpofj;jpy; 1.1.2007 Kjy; mky; gLj;jg;gl;lJ

• 2005-2006 Mk; Mz;by; czT jhdpa cw;gj;jp jkpofj;jpy; 61 yl;rk; ld; 2007-2008 Mk; Mz;by; czT jhdpa cw;gj;jp jkpofj;jpy; 84 yl;rk; ld;.



31

• tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l tP uh; xa;T+jpak; khjk; 3000 Kjy; 4000 &gha; cah;T>Flk;g xa;T+jpak; &gha; 1500ypUe;J 2000 Mf cah;T 1.5.2007 Kjy; cah;j;jg;gl;lJ.

• kj;jpa ntspAwTj; Jiwapd; fpis mYtyfk; 26.8.2008 Kjy;

Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 17.12.2007 Kjy; kJiuapYk;> 14.9.2008 Kjy; NfhitapYk; flTr;rP l;L mYtyfk; (Passport office) njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

• 2005 – 2006 Mk; Mz;L &gha; 7>528 Nfhbahf ,Ue;j r%fg; ghJfhg;G

jpl;lq;fSf;fhd epjp xJf;fP L> 2009 – 2010 ,y; &gha; 15>520 Nfhbahfcah;j;jg;gl;lJ.

• 11-tJ Ie;jhz;Lj;jpl;lk; 2007-2008 Mk; Mz;LKjy; &gha; 85>344 Nfhbkjpg;gP l;by; nray;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. 2007-2008 Mk; Mz;by; &gha; 14>000 Nfhb xJf;fP l;bYk;

2008-2009 Mk; Mz;by; &gha; 16>000 Nfhb kjpg;gPl;by; jpl;lg;gzpfs; nray; gLj;jg;gl;L> 2009-2010 Mk; Mz;by; &gha; 17>500Nfhb mstpy; jpl;lg;gzpfs; nray; gLj;jg;glcs;sd.

• muR mYtyh;fs;> Xa;T+jpah;fs; kw;Wk; xa;T+jpah;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;

mftpiyg;gbia 1.1.2007 Kjy; 29% ,Ue;J 35% rjtP jkhfTk;> 1.7.2007

Kjy; 35% ,Ue;J 41% khfTk; 1.1.2008 Kjy; 41% ,Ue;J 47% khfTk;>

1.7.2008 Kjy; 47% ,Ue;J 54% khfTk;> 1.1.2009 Kjy; 54% ,Ue;J 64% khfTk;> kj;jpa muRf;F ,izahf cah;j;jp toq;fg;gl;lJ.

• 24.9.2007 md;W Xa;T+jpah;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l gz;bif Kd;gzk; &gha; 500 ,Ue;J 1000 khf cah;T

• 21.12.2006 ,y; njhlq;fg;gl;l www.tn.gov.in/karavoolam vd;Dk; fUT+y,izj;jsj;jpd; %yk; gy gaDs;s jfty;fis Rygkhfg; ngwKbtNjhL> ,e;jpa muR> khepy fzf;fhah; kw;Wk; hprh;t; tq;fp Nghd;wgy Kf;fpa ,izj;jsq;fisf; fhz ,izg;G trjp cs;sJ.

• ika murpd; gpzahsh; mikr;rfk;> nghJ FiwjP h;g;G kw;Wk;

Xa;T+jpaj;Jiw> ,e;j www.tn.gov.in ,izajsj;ij (2007-2008)mq;fP fhpj;J jq;fg;gjf;fj;ij ghprhf mspj;jJ.

• jkpo; ehl;bw;fhd gjpNdhuhtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; (2007-2012) jpl;lj;jpw;F&gha; 85>344 Nfhb mstpy; kj;jpa jpl;lf;FO xg;Gjy; mspj;Js;sJ. ,e;j

jpl;lfhyj;jpy; khepy nghUshjhuj;ij Mz;nlhd;wpw;F ruhrhpahf 9% mstpw;F tsh;r;rp milar; nra;tijf; Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;L jkpofmuR jpl;lq;fis tFj;J nray;gLfpd;wJ.



32

• nrd;id nklNuh uapy; jpl;lj;jpd; Kjy; ,uz;L topj;jlq;fs; nrd;idapy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. Kjy; topj;jlk; tz;zhug;Ngl;ilapypUe;Jnrd;id tpkhd epiyak; tiuapYk;> mLj;jJ nrd;id nrd;l;uy; ,uapy; epiyak; Kjy; Gdpj Njhikahh; kiy tiuapYk; mikf;fg;gLfpwJ.

• khz;GkpF jkpof Kjyikr;rh; fiyQh; mth;fspd; jiyikapy; khz;GkpFkj;jpa kdpj tsNkk;ghl;Lj;Jiw mikr;rh; jpU. mh;[P d;rpq; mth;fshy; nrd;idapy; kj;jpa nrk;nkhop jkpo; Ma;T epWtdk; 18.8.2007 md;Wnjhlq;fp itf;fg;gl;lJ.

• jkpo; khepyk; mike;j nghd;tpoh. 1.11.06 md;W nrd;idapy; nfhz;lhlg;gl;lJ. (jkpof Kjy;th; jiyik).

• jkpo; ehl;by; cs;s 12618 fpuhk Cuhl;rp> 385 Cuhl;rp xd;waq;fs; kw;Wk; 29 khtl;l Cuhl;rpfSf;fhd Njh;jy; mf;Nlhgh; 2006 elj;jg;gl;lJ.

• gy Mz;Lfshf Njh;jy; elj;jg;glhky; ,ue;j ghg;ghg;gl;b> fP hpg;gb>ehl;lhh;kq;fyk; kw;Wk; nfhl;lfr;rpNae;jy; fpuhk Cuhl;rpfSf;F mf;Nlhgh; 2006 ntw;wpfukhfj; Njh;jy; elj;jg;gl;ld. Njh;jypy; Gjpjhf ntw;wp ngw;wfpuhk Cuhl;rpj;jiyth;fs;> Jizj; jiyth;fs; kw;Wk; fpuhkrKjhaj;jiyth;fisAk; mioj;J jkpof Kjy;th; nrd;idapy; 13.11.

2006 md;W “rkj;Jtg; ngUtpoh” elj;jg;gl;lJ.

• khepy murpd; nrhe;jthp tUthapypUe;J cs;shl;rp mikg;GfSf;F

gfph;e;jypf;fg;gLk; epjp 2007 – 08 Mk; Mz;by; 8% ,Ue;J 9%

cah;j;jg;gl;lJ. NkYk; 2009-2010 ,y; 9% ,Ue;J 9.5% cah;j;jg;gl;lJ.

• 2007-08 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J khepyepjp Miza epjpg;gfph;tpy;> fpuhk

Cuhl;rpfspd; gq;F 47% ,Ue;J 60% khf cah;j;jg;gl;lJ.

• 2008 – 09 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; khepy epjpf;FO khdpaj;jpypUe;JtpLtpf;fg;gLk; epjpapy; Fiwe;jJ jyh & 30 yl;rk; tP jk; rkkhftoq;fg;gLfpwJ.

• Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l cs;shl;rpg; gpujpepjpfSf;F> Cuhl;rp eph;thfk; kw;Wk; Cuf tsh;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; gw;wp gapw;rpaspj;jpl> Kjd; Kiwahf ,e;j

murhy;> 3 Nfhb &gha; epjp xJf;fP L nra;J “gapw;rpj; njhFg;G epjp” (Training corpus Fund) Vw;glj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

• “cj;jkh; fhe;jp Cuhl;rptpUJ” Mz;L NjhWk; rpwg;ghd kw;Wk; GJikahdKaw;rpfis nray;gLj;Jk; 15 fpuhk Cuhl;rpfis nfsutpf;Fk; tifapy;>murhy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.



33

• 15 fpuhk Cuhl;rpfSf;F NflaKk;> &gha; 5 yl;rk; nuhf;fg;ghpRk; mg;NghJgjtp tfpj;j fpuhk Cuhl;rpj; jiyth;fSf;Fg; gjf;fKk;> ew;rhd;wpjOk;

jkpof Kjy;tuhy; 10.10.2007 md;Wk; (2006 - 2007)> (2007 – 2008) Mk;

Mz;bw;fhd “cj;jkh; fhe;jp Cuhl;rp tpUJ” 19.12.08 md;Wk; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

• 2007 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J Mz;LNjhWk; etk;gh; 1 Kjy; ehsd;W

“cs;shl;rpfs; jpdtpoh” midj;J Cuf kw;Wk; efh;Gw cs;shl;rpepWtdq;fshy; nfhz;lhlg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

• khz;GkpF jkpof Kjy;th; mth;fshy; [dthp 2007 Mk; Mz;by; njhlq;fpitf;fg;gl;l midj;Jf;fpuhk mz;zh kWkyh;r;rpj; jpl;lNk> jw;NghJnray;gLj;jg;gLk; kj;jpa kw;Wk; khepy muRj;jpl;lq;fspy; kpfg;nghpajpl;lkhFk;. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fP o; xt;nthU Cuhl;rpapYk; Fsk;> E}yfk;>tpisahl;L ikak;> RLfhL> FbeP h;j;jpl;lg;gzpfs; Mfpa fl;lhag;gzpfSk;>njUtpsf;F> kP d;tsh;g;Gf; Fsq;fs;> fpuhkr;re;ij Mfpa tpUg;gg;gzpfis

cs;Sh;j; Njitapd; mbg;gilapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

• jkpo;ehL FbeP h; tbfhy; thhpak;> neLQ;rhiyj;Jiw> fy;tpj;Jiw kw;Wk;Ntshz;Jiw kw;Wk; gpwJiw jpl;lq;fspd; epjp Mjhuq;fis> Cuftsh;r;rp kw;Wk; Cuhl;rpj;Jiw ,ju jpl;lq;fSld; ,ad;wsTxUq;fpize;J> xt;nthU Mz;Lk; midj;J fpuhk mz;zhkWkyh; ;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; fP o; vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;glTs;s fpuhk Cuhl;rpfspy; nray;gLj;jg;gLk;.

• Njrpa Cuf Ntiy cWjpj;jpl;lk; : ,j;jpl;lk; 2.2.2006 Kjy; flY}H;>tOg;Guk;> jUtz;zhkiy> ehfg;gl;bdk;> jpz;Lf;fy;> rptfq;if Mfpa

MW khtl;lq;fspy; Kjy; fl;lkhf nray;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 1.4.2007 Kjy; ,j;jpl;lk; jQ;rhT+h;> jpUth&h;> f&h; kw;Wk; jpUney;Ntyp Mfpakhtl;lq;fSf;F ,uz;lhk; fl;lkhf tphpTgLj;jg;gl;lJ. 1.4.2008 Kjy; ,j;jpl;lk; jkpo;ehl;bYs;s ,ju midj;J 20 khtl;lq;fspYk; %d;whk; fl;lkhf tphpT gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

• ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; 20.36 Nfhb kdpj ehl;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;L 22>406gzpfs; Kbf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. jkpofj;jpy; Njrpa Cuf Ntiy

cWjpjpl;lj;jpd; fP o; gad; ngWNthhpy;> 82% ngz;fs; NkYk; 59%jho;j;jg;gl;Nlhh; kw;Wk; goq;Fbapdh; FLk;gq;fis rhh;e;j gadhspfs; Mthh;fs;.

• Njrpa mstpy; Njrpa Cuf Ntiy cWjpr; rl;lj;ij rpwg;ghfnray;gLj;jpa rpwe;j 22 khtl;lq;fspy; flY}h;> rptfq;if> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lq;fs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. ,jw;nfd fle;j 2.2.2009 md;W GJby;ypapy; eilngw;w tpohtpy; ,k;%d;W khtl;lq;fSk; ghpRfis ntd;Ws;sd.

• nghpahh; epidT rkj;JtGuk; - r%feP jpia Nkk;gLj;jTk;> rhjp rkakw;wrkj;Jt rKjhaj;ij cUthf;fTk; kf;fs; xw;WikAlDk;>rNfhjuj;Jtj;Jld; thoNtz;Lk; vd;w je;ij nghpahh; mth;fspd;



34

nra;jpia gug;gTk;> 1997-98 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 145 rkj;JtGuq;fismikj;Js;sJ.

• xt;nthU rkj;JtGu FbapUg;G Kfg;gpYk; je;ijnghpahh; mth;fspd; rpiyia mikf;Fk;> ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Kjw;fl;lkhf 2008-09 Mk; Mz;by;

midj;J khtl;lq;fspYk; (nrd;id> eP yfphp khtl;lq;fs; jtpu) jyhxd;W tP jk; 29 rkj;JtGuq;fs; mikg;gjw;F muR KbT nra;J> 146tJrkj;JtGuk; jpUr;rp khtl;lj;jpy; 14.6.2009 md;W jpwf;fg;gl;lJ.

• kfspH; jpl;lj;jpd; fP o; 31.03.2009 tiu 62.60 ,yl;rk; kfspiu cWg;gpduhfnfhz;l 3>91>311 Ra cjtpf; FOf;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;L cs;sd.

• 3.9.2007 khz;GkpF jkpof Kjyikr;rh; mth;fshy; midj;J Ng&uhl;rpmz;zh kWkyh;r;rpjpl;lk; Jtq;fg;gl;lJ.

• jkpofj;jpy; njhopy; tsh;r;rpf;F cjtpl> njhopy; kw;Wk; th;j;jfmikg;Gfspd; gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz;l rpwg;Gj; njhopy; Kidg;Gf;FO

(Special task force) 8.11.2006 mikf;fg;gl;lJ.

• mnkhpf;fhtpd; Nkhl;NlhNuhyh njhopw;rhiy – jpUg;ngUk;GJ}h;

• nly; fk;g;A+l;lh;]; njhopw;rhiy – jpUg;ngUk;GJ}H;

• mg;NghNyh Nubay; lah;]; njhopw;rhiy – Xuflk;

• mnkhpf;fhtpd; nlrhy;t; nrkpfz;lf;lh; Ml;NlhNkhigy;]; njhopw;rhiy – jpUg;ngUk;GJ}h;

• FNuhj;ypq; epWtdk; - nra;ahW

• rhk;rq; ,e;jpah vyf;l;uhdpf;]; njhopw;rhiy – jpUg;ngUk;GJ}H;

• nfghNuh thfd cw;gj;jp njhopw;rhiy – Xuflk; - jpUg;ngUk;GJ}h;

• rhd;kpdh [S.C.I] mnkhpf;f epWtdk; - Xuflk; cah; njhopy; El;gG+q;fh

• lhlh ];By; njhopw;rhiy – J}j;Jf;Fb

• vk;.gp.gp.vy;. GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f vhprf;jp epWtdk; - nrq;fy;gl;L mUfpy;

• P̀ z;lha; Nkhl;lh;]; njhopw;rhiy ,uz;lhk;fl;lk; - ,Uq;fhl;Lf; Nfhl;il

• hpdhy;l; md;l; eprhd; fhh; njhopw;rhiy – Xuflk;

• mnkhpf;fhtpd; rpf;ndl; Nrhyhh; - jpUg;ngUk;GJ}h;



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• vk;.Mh;.vg; epWtdj;jpd; lah;njhopw;rhiy – nguk;gY}h;

• Nkhrh;gpah; fl;likg;G Nkk;ghl;L epWtdj;jpd; Nghl;Nlh Nthy;lhaf; njhopy;

El;gj; njhopw;rhiy – Xuflk; rpwg;G nghUshjhu kz;lyk;

• Nehf;fpah rP nkd;]; njhopw;rhiy – Xuflk;

• N`z;rd; buhd;]; kp~d;]; ,z;lh; Ne~dy; epWtj; njhopw;rhiy – gy;ylk; rpwg;G nghUshjhu kz;lyk;

• V.b.rp. lah;]; njhopw;rhiy – ney;iy khtl;lk; fq;ifnfhz;lhd; rpwg;Gg; nghUshjhu kz;lyk;

• nla;Nyh; - V[p kw;Wk; P̀ Nuh tzpf thfdj; njhopw;rhiy – Xuflk;

• mNrhf; Nyyz;L – [g;ghd; eprhd; tzpf thfdj;njhopw;rhiy kw;Wk; mNrhf; Nyyz;L eLj;ju fduf tzpf thfdj; njhopw;rhiy – vz;Z}h;>X#h;> gps;isg;ghf;fk;.

• `h;~h FOkvz;nza; - thA Jug;gz ,ae;jpuj; njhopw;rhiy> kpjitf; fz;zhbj; njhopw;rhiy jiykzY}h;> gpisg;ghf;fk;> jpUg;ngUk;GJ}H;.

• je;ij nghpahhpd; gpwe;j ehshd 17.9.2006 md;W jpUts;@hpy; njhlq;fg;gl;l epykw;w Vio tptrhaj; njhopyhsh; FLk;gq;fSf;F ,ytrepyk; toq;Fk; jpl;lj;jpd; fP o; ,J tiu 2>10>427 Vf;fh; epyk;> 1>75>355epykw;w Viotptrhaj; njhopyhsh; FLk;gq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ.

• khepyj;jpw;Fs; ghAk; MWfis ,izj;J nts;sg;ngUf;F Vw;gLk; fhyq;fspy; cghpeP iu twz;lkhtl;lq;fSf;F nfhz;L nrd;W ghrdtrjpfisg; ngUf;fpLk; Gul;rpfukhd jpl;lq;fspd; Kjw;fl;lkhf 165 Nfhb&gha; kjpg;gP l;by; GJf;Nfhl;il rptfq;if khtl;lq;fspd; twz;l gFjpfs;

gad;ngw fhtphpapd; FWf;Nf fl;lidapy; fjtizfl;Lk; fhtphp – Fz;lhW ,izg;Gj;jpl;lk;.

• J}j;Jf;Fb> jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lq;fspy; twz;l gFjpfs; gad;ngw 369

Nfhb &gha; kjpg;gP l;by; jhkpuguzp – fUNkdpahW – ek;gpahW -,izg;Gj;jpl;lk;

• gaph; fhg;gP l;Lj; jpl; ;lj;jpd; fPo; jkpof tptrhapfs; mjpf mstpy;

gadila Ntz;Lk; vd;w Fwpf;NfhSld; fhg;gP l;Lj;njhifapy; 50%njhifia muNr Vw;Fk; jpl;lk; 2006 Kjy; eilKiw gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

• 2008-2009 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; muR ghypnlf;dpf;fpy; gapYk; midj;Jkhzth;fSf;Fk; fy;tpf;fl;lzk; eP f;fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.



36

• jpUr;rp> Nfhit> ney;iy Mfpa Ch;fspy; mz;zh njhopy; El;gg;gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; njhlq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

• 2008-2009 fy;tpahz;by; jpz;btdk;> tpOg;Guk;> gz;Ul;b> jpUf;Ftis(ehfg;gl;bdk;) ,uhkehjGuk;> mhpaY}h; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; 6 Gjpa nghwpapaw;

fy;Y}hpfs; mz;zh gy;fiyf;fofk; %yk; njhlq;fg;gl;ld.

• Nkl;̂ h;> thy;giw> nguk;gY}h;> Xuj;jehL> Ruz;il> Fspj;jiy> thy;FbMfpa ,lq;fspy; muR fiy kw;Wk; mwtpay; fy;Y}hp njhlq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

• Vio fh;g;gpzpg; ngz;fs; Cl;lr;rj;J cl;nfhs;sTk;> fUTw;wpUf;Fk;

fhyj;jpy; Vw;gLk; tUtha; ,og;ig <Lfl;lTk; Dr. Kj;Jny~;kp nul;bkfg;NgW epjp cjtpj; jpl;lj;jpd; fP o; Vio fh;g;gpzpg; ngz;fSf;F &gha; 6>000 epjp cjtp.

• fpuhkg;gFjpfs; kw;Wk; efug;gFjpfspy;> kf;fspd; Neha;fis Muk;g

epiyapNyNa fz;lwpe;J chpa rpfpr;ir mspf;f tUKd; fhg;Nghk; jpl;lk; kP z;Lk; nray; gLj;jg;gLfpwJ ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fP o; ,Jtiu 10>239 Kfhk;fs; elj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

• fhy;eil kUj;Jtkidfspy; rpWgpuhzpfSf;fhd EioTf;fl;lzKk; kw;Wk; rpfpr;ir fl;lzKk; 9.1.2007 Kjy; uj;J nra;ag;gLtjhf jkpofmuR mwptpg;G.

• jkpof Kjy;thpd; Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;W ,yq;ifj; jkpoh;fspd; epthuzj;jpw;fhf &gha; 500 Nfhb kj;jpa muR xJf;fP L

• jkpof Kjy;th; ,uhkehjGuk; $l;L FbeP h;j;jpl;lj;ij nrd;id> jiyikr; nrayfj;jpy; ,Ue;J kpd;Clfj;njhiyj; njhlh;G %ykhf 11.6.2009 md;Wnjhlq;fpitj;jhh;.

• 1.8.2009 md;W nrd;id mz;zhgy;fiyf;fofk; JizKjy;th; K.f.

];lhypd;> kapy;rhkp mz;zhJiu> A.R. uFkhd; MfpNahUf;F lhf;lh; gl;lk; toq;fpaJ.

• The thirteenth finance Commission was Constituted by the Presidentunder Article 280 the constitution to make recommendations for the peiod2010 -15 with Dr. Vijay Kelkar as the chairman of the commission. Thecommission Submitted its report to president on December 30, 2010 andwas tabled in the Parliament on 25th February 2010.

• The Election Commission of India celebrated 60yrs of it is Constitution on25th Jan 2010 as the diamond jubilee Anniversary.



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• The world’s first ATM – shjle macbine to dispense gold bars and coins isup and running in the UAE capitas.

• India’s star cricketer Gautam Gambhir on 23rd September 2010 received the

“Managing India” award for the most promising Sportsman of the yearfrom president Pratibha Devisingh patil

• The one-man hiberhan commission, constituted on 16th Dec 1992, toenquire into the circumstances that led to the demoltion of the BabriMasjid mosque on 6 Dec, 1992 Submitted its report on June 30, 2009. TheReport was tabled in parliament on 24 November 2009.

• Prime Minister inaugurates 97th Indian Science congress atTriruvanantnapuram.

• 8th Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas, 2010 held in New Delhi

• A.R. Rahman wins two Grammy Awards – for the song “Jai Ho” and forthe Sound track for the Flim Slum Dog Millionaire.

• Shasshi Tharoor resigns as Minister of State for external affairs over hiscontroversial role in the Kochi IPL franchise

• Madhuri Gupta, a senior diplomat in India High Commission inIslamabad arrested for spying – April 27, 2010

• May, 2010 Delhi High Court says stock exchanges are not under RTI

• India signs a new social security agreement with South Korea, theagreement will benefit a huge number of Indians – particularly thoseworking in the fields of IT, medicine and finance. The social securityagreement is signed in the south Korean capital scoul.

• India and Malaysia sign six pacts, with the accord for implementing thecomprehensive economic partnership agreement (CEPA) from July 1, 2010being the centerpiece. The agreements are signed by prime minister Dr.Manmohan Singh and his Malaysian counterpart Md. Najibin,Kualalumpur, Malaysia.



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• The three day 17th Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)Summit concludes in Hanoi, Vietnam During the Summit, other relatedmeetings and Summits including the East Asia Sumit are held at the samevenue.

• The union health and family welfare ministry pushes back the target datefor achieving population stabilization in India to 2070 from 2045.

• The centre declares elephant a national heritage animal with a view toshopping up measures for the protection of the country’s elephantpopulation.

• The Lok Sabha passes two bills to change the name of Orissa and the nameof the Language of the state. The bills provide for change of the name of

the state to Odisha and name of the language to Odia – November 9, 2010

• The first world statistics day is celebrated the world over; the decision todeclare October 20 as the world statistics day was taken by the unitednations General Assembly in early 2010.

• Ms. Alexandria mills from USA beats 119 contestants from across theworld to win the coveted miss world, 2010 title at the paseant held inSanya, China.

• Mr. Prithviraj Chavan was Sworn in as the new chief minister ofMaharashtra on November 11, 2010.

• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announces that it willlaunch three satellites – Megha – Tropiques, SARAL and RISAT – 1 in 2011to study climate change.

• Minister for communications and Information Technology Mr. A. RajaResign from the union cabinet, on 14 November 2010.

• Three Indian performing art forms – the mudiyettu (a ritual theatre ofKerala) the Chhau dance (a tradition from eastern India) and the Kalbeliafolk – song and dances of Rajasthan – are inscribed by the united nationseducational, scientific and cultural organisation (UNESCO) in therepresentative list of the Intangible cultural heritage of humanity.



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• The Bihar Assembly election results are announced the ruling Janata Dal(united) BJP alliance, led by Mr. Nibish Kumar, registers, a landslidevictory winning four-fifths of the seats (206) in the 243 member assembly.

• Mr. N. Kiran K. Reddy assumes charge as the CM of Andhra Pradesh, hesucceeds Mr. K. Rosaiah.

• Kosovo votes in a historic poll, the nation’s first since declaringindependence in 2008.

• Nicole Faria of India won the coveted Miss Earth 2010 title at the Pageantheld in Nha Jrang, Vietnam on December 4, 2010.

• The fourth unit of the Kaiga Generating station (KGS) – India’s 20th nuclearpower reactor achieves criticality with this unit becoming operational,India now ranks sixth in the world in terms of production of Nuclearenergy behind the US, France, Japan, Russia and South Korea.

• The Jaitapur Nuclear power project in Maharashtra, to be set up incollaboration with France, receives clearance from union environmentministry.

• French president Mr. Nicolas Sarkozy wraps up his four-day India visitduring his visit India and France sign a string of crucial agreements, themost important of these being and Areva-Nuclear power corporation ofIndia limited (NPCIL) pact for two nuclear reactors for India, and a dealsigned by Air India and jet Airlines with French Company AirbusIndustries for the lease of a number of aircraft.

• The centre announces its decision to extend visa – on – arrival facility tofive ASEAN countries – Cambodia, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos andMyanmar.

• The two-day 2010, G20 summit concludes in Scoul, South Korea; at thesummit leaders of the world’s biggest economics agree to curb“Persistently Large imbalances” in saving and spending.



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• Myanmar’s Pro-democracy campaigner Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi is set freeafter several years of house arrest. (13, Nov 2010)

• The 10th Russia, India, China (RIC) trilateral meeting, featuring the Foreign

ministers of three nations is held in Wuhan, China.

• At the North Atlantic treaty organisation (NATO) summit held in Lishon,Portugal. Nov 20, 2010 the 28 members of NATO agree on a missiledefence pact in Europe

• At the Shanghai cooperation organisation (SCO) Summit held inDushanbe, Tajikistan Russian Prime Minister Mr. Vladimir Putin calls forcreating a 10 year road map focussed on launching large-scale jointprojects for the organisation.

• Ace Indian Shuttler Saina Nehwal wins the Hong Kong Open Women’ssingles crown in Hong Kong, beating China’s Shixian wang in the final;this is Saina’s fourth Super series title.

• Nepal’s five-time Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala died in March 2010at the age of 85. He was also the president of the Nepali congress party.

• Nepal became a Republiuc in 2009.

• Juila Gillard has become the first ever female elected Prime Minister ofAustralia.



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DEPARTMENT DETAILS

1. Department of co-operative AuditAdministrative Hierarchy of cooperative audit department:

Director of Cooperative Audit

Joint Director of Cooperative Audit

Assistant Director of Cooperative Audit

Cooperative Audit Officer

Senior Cooperative Auditor

Junior Cooperative Auditor

2. Department of co-operative AudiAdministrative Hierarchy of Department of cooperation:

Registrar

Additional Registrar

Joint Registrar

Deputy Registrar

Cooperative Sub Registrar

Senior Inspector

Junior Inspector

The Registrar of cooperative societies being the head of the department is functioning atChennai.

3. Department of Local Fund AudiThe local fund audit department entrusted with the task of statutory audit of

urban and rural local bodies, universities, market committees, local library authoritiesand other miscellaneous institutions under the provision of the respective actsgoverning the institutions.



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Administrative Hierarchy:

Director

Joint Director

Deputy Director

Assistant Director

Inspector

Deputy Inspector

4. Department of the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments [HR andCE]

The management and control of the temples and administration of theirendowment has been recognized as one of the primary responsibilities of the state.Administrative Hierarchy: Commissioner

Additional Commissioner

Joint Commissioner

Deputy Commissioner

Assistant Commissioner

Grade I Executive Officer

Grade II Executive Officer

Grade III Executive Officer

Grade IV Executive Officer

5. Department of commercial taxes: Administrative Hierarchy: Before 30th July 2008 Now, Redesignated as



43

Commissioner Commissioner

Joint Commissioner Additional Commissioner

Deputy Commissioner Joint Commissioner

Assistant Commissioner Deputy Commissioner

Commercial Tax Officer Assistant Commissioner

Deputy Commercial Tax Officer Commercial Tax Officer

Assistant Commercial Tax Officer Assistant Commercial Tax Officer

6. Department of labour Organization

The labor department is functioning under the administrative control ofthe labour and employment department in the secretariat. The commissioner of labouris the head of the department.

Organization set up: Commissioner of labour

Additional Commissioner of labour

Joint Commissioner of labour

Deputy Commissioner of labour

Assistant Commissioner of labour, Labour officer,Inspector of Plantations

Deputy Commercial Tax Officer

Commercial Tax Officer

Inspector of labour

Deputy Inspector of labour

Assistant Inspectors labour



44

7. Department of Registration

Registration department is functioning from the year 1865.

The department is providing a valuable and important service to the public inregistering documents of sale, lease, mortgage, will etc involving transfer ofimmovable properties like land and buildings.

The registration of the documents gives legal status for the transactions.

The department is levying and collecting stamp duty on the market value of theimmovable property involved in the transaction.

Registration fee is also collected for the service rendered by the department in

the registration of the documents.


Inspector general of registration

Addition Inspector general of registration

Deputy Inspector general of registration

Assistant Inspector general of registration

District registrar

Sub registrar



45

8. Department of social defence

9. Department of municipal Administration

1. Commissioner (IAS Officer)

Joint Commissioner (IAS) & Joint Commissioner of Administration (Non IAS)

Joint Director

Regional Director

Municipal Commissioner

2. Director

Joint Director

Additional Director

Regional Director



46

Municipal Commissioner


State level Director

Joint Director

Assistant Director

Superintendents

Executive Officers

Accountants

Assistants

Junior Assistants

10. Department of RevenueDistrict Administrative Structure

District is the basic unit of administration in India. The Oxford Dictionary defines it as a“territory marked off for special administrative purpose”. A district is generally namedafter the largest town or city of the territorial area of the concerned district Therefore, adistrict is an administrative unit in the hierarchy of administration which consists of anumber of territorial areas, namely, villages, towns and cities.

District Level Functionaries

The District Collector is the head of district administration. The office of the collector atfirst was created by Warren Hastings in 1772 for the dual purpose of collecting revenueand dispensing justice. Strictly speaking, the collector is for the collection of landrevenue in the beginning. But, at present, there are enormous functions to the district

collector.

The general roles and the functions of the district collector are following.

1. As Collector, he has to collect land revenue.

2. As District Magistrate, he has to maintain law and order in the district.



47

3. As District Officer, he has to deal with the personnel matters like salary, transfer,

etc with in the district.

4. As Development Officer, he is responsible for the implementation of rual

development district.5. As the Returning Officer, he is the chief for the elections to the Parliament, the

State Legislative Assembly, and the local government in the district. Hence, he

coordinates the election works at the district level.

6. As the District Census Officer, he conducts the census operations once in ten

years.

7. As the Chief Protocol Officer, he has to protect the VIPs in their tour and stay in

the district.8. As the coordinator, he supervises the district level other functionaries and

departments.

9. He presides over the District Plan Implementation Committee.

10. He acts as the official representative of the state government during the

ceremonial functions in the district.

11. He acts as the Public Relations Officer of the state government.

12. He acts as the Crisis Administrator in chief during the natural calamities and

other emergencies.

13. He supervises and controls the local government institutions.

14. He handles the work pertaining to civil defence; and

15. He is responsible for civil supplies, food and other essential commodities.

Hence, the District Collector is the multi-functionary in the district level. In fact,the work-load functions are more to a collector due to the welfare state policy in whichthe government has to implement a large number of programmes for the people.Actually, the office of the District Collector is very much prestigious. The DistrictCollector is the hero of the district administration.



48

Structure of Administration Hierarchy in a district: Collector

District revenue officer

Revenue divisional officer

Tahsildars

Revenue inspector

Village Administrative officers

Village Assistant

11. Tamilnadu Secretariat: Departments

The departments which are included in the Chief Secretariat in Tamil Nadu, arefollowing.

Adi Dravidar and Tribal Welfare Law

Agriculture Labour and Employment

Animal Husbandry & Fisheries Municipal Administration and Water Supply

Backward Classes & Most Backward Personnel and Administrative

Classes and Minorities Welfare Reforms

Co-operation, Food and Consumer Personnel and Administrative

Protection Reforms (Training)Commercial Taxes Planning, Development and Special Initiatives

Energy Public Works Department

Environment and Forest Revenue

Finance Rural Development

Handlooms, Handicrafts, Textiles andKhadi

School Education

Health and Family Welfare Small Industries

Higher Education Social Reforms

Highways Social Welfare and Nutritious Meal Programme

Home, Prohibition and Excise Tamil Development, Religious Endowments andInformation

Housing and Urban Development Tourism and Culture

Industries Transport

Information Technology Youth Welfare and Sports Development



49


Chief Secretary

Secretary

Additional Secretary (ADS)

Joint Secretary (JS)

Deputy Secretary (DS)

Under Secretary (US)

Section officer (SO)

Assistant Section officer (ASO)

Assistant

Steno- typists and typist

Office Assistants (OA)

12. Tamilnadu Public service commission: Article 315 of Indian constitution: Subject to the provisions of this article, there

shall be a public service commission for the Tamilnadu.

Tamilnadu public service commission has had a glorious past of 75 years. During 1923,the lee commission had recommended setting up of a central public service commissionin India, but it did not give much thought to the need of establishing similarcommission in provinces.


Secretary

Joint Secretary (JS)

Deputy Secretary (DS)



50

Under Secretary (US)

Section officer (SO)

Assistant Section officer (ASO)

Assistant

Steno- typists and typist

Office Assistants (OA)

13. Department of agricultural marketing and business: Administrative setup: Commissioner

Joint Director

Assistant Director/ Secretary of market committee

Superintendent of market

Supervisor

Junior Assistant14. Department of Jail:

Organization Set-up



51

HEADQUARTERS ADMINISTRATION

Jurisdiction of Prisons:

The location and the District Jurisdiction of Central Prisons are as follows:

Location District Jurisdiction

Central Prison Puzhal - I All Convict Prisoners of Chennai, Thiruvallur,

Kancheepuram,

Central Prison, Puzhal - II All Remand Prisoners of Chennai, Thiruvallur,

Kancheepuram

Special Prison for Women, Puzhal All Women Prisoners of Chennai Thiruvallur,

Kancheepuram

Central Prison, Vellore Dharmapurai, Vellore,Thiruvannamalai and Krishnagiri

Special Prison for Women, Vellore Women Prisoners of Salem, Namakkal,

Dharmapuri,

Coimbatore, Erode, Nilgiris, Cuddalore, Villupuram,

Triuvannamalai, Vellore,

Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam.

Central Prison, Cuddalore Villupuram, Cuddalore.

Central Prison, Salem All Habitual and Habitual Prison Offenders of this State.

Central Prison, Trichy Trichy , Karur, Perambalur, Pudukkottai, Thanjavur,

Nagai and Thiruvarur.

Additional Director General of Prisons

Deputy

InspectorGeneral of

Prisons(Range)

Deputy

InspectorGeneral of

Prisons(Headquarters)

Chief ProbationSuperintendent

Office of the Additional Director General ofPrisons

Prisons



52

Special Prison for Women, Trichy Trichy, Perambalur, Karur, Pudukkottai, Madurai,

Ramnad, Virudhunagar,

Sivagangai, Dindugal, Theni, Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi

and Kanyakumari.

Central Prison, Madurai Madurai , Ramnad, Sivagangai, Dindigul, Theni and

Virudhunagar.

Central Prison, Palayamcottai Tirunelveli, Kaniyakumari and Thoothukudi.

Central Prison, Coimbatore Coimbatore, The Nilgiris and Erode, Salem, and

Namakkal

Borstal School, Pudukkottai All young offender (18 to 25 Years) of the State.

District Jail Dindigul

District Jail Ramanathapuram

District Jail Virudhunagar

District Jail Nagercoil

District Jail Srivaikundam

District Jail Pudukkottai

All male remand and under trial prisons and male

prisoners sentenced to less than three months committed

by the Courts in the District in which the District Jail is

situated



53

IMPORTANT TOPICS

KAVERI RIVER WATER DISPUTE

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia(Redirected from Kaveri River Water Dispute) Jump to: navigation, search

This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has

insufficient inline citations.Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations whereappropriate. (March 2009)

Kaveri river flows in South Karnataka and then to Tamil Nadu.

The sharing of waters of the river Kaveri had been the bone of contention of a seriousconflict between the Indian states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The genesis of thisdisparity, itself, lies in two controversial agreements, one signed in 1892 and another in1924, between the Madras Presidency and the Princely State of Mysore.

The state of Karnataka feels that it has not got its due share of water utilization viv a visTamil Nadu. Karnataka claims that these agreements were skewed heavily in favour ofthe Madras Presidency, and has since demanded a renegotiated settlement based on"equitable sharing of the waters". Tamil Nadu, on the other hand, pleads that it hasalready developed almost 3,000,000 acres (12,000 km2) of land and as a result has cometo depend very heavily on the existing pattern of usage. Any change in this pattern, itsays, will adversely affect the livelihood of millions of farmers in the state.

Decades of negotiations between the parties bore no fruit. The Government of Indiathen constituted a tribunal in 1990 to look into the matter. After hearing arguments ofall the parties involved for the last 16 years, the tribunal delivered its final verdict on 5February 2007. In its verdict, the tribunal allocated 419 billion ft³ (12 km³) of waterannually to Tamil Nadu and 270 billion ft³ (7.6 km³) to Karnataka; 30 billion ft³ (0.8 km³)of Kaveri river water to Kerala and 7 billion ft³ (0.2 km³) to Puducherry. The disputehowever, seems far from over with all four states deciding to file review petitionsseeking clarifications and possible renegotiation of the order.

KarnatakaTamilNadu

Kerala Pondicherry Total

Basin Area (in km²) 34,273(42%)

44,016(54%)

2,866(3.5%)

148(-) 81,155

Drought area in the basin (inkm²)

21,870(63.8%)

12,790(29.2%)

-- -- 34,660



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Contribution of state (in billionft³ according to Ktaka)

425 (53.7%) 252(31.8%)

113(14.3%)

790

Contribution of state (in billionft³ according to TN)

392 (52.9%) 222 (30%) 126(17%)

740

Quantity demanded by eachstate 465 (41%) 566 (50%) 100 (9%) 9.3 (1%) 1140.3

Share for each state as per TN'sdemand

177 (24%) 566 (76%) 5 (1%) - 748

Share for each state as pertribunal verdict of 2007

270 (37%) 419 (58%) 30 (4%) 7 (1%) 726

Contents

• 1 History of the dispute

• 2 Post independence developments• 3 1970s• 4 1980s

o 4.1 The constitution of the tribunalo 4.2 Interim award and the riotso 4.3 The crisis of 1995–1996o 4.4 Constitution of the CRAo 4.5 The flare up and high drama of 2002

4.5.1 CRA meeting and the Supreme Court order 4.5.2 Demonstrations 4.5.3 Censure of both states by the Supreme Court

o 4.6 2003–2006• 5 Judgment• 6 See also• 7 References• 8 External links

History of the dispute

The history of this conflict goes back a long way. Disputes have occurred since 1807, butBritish influence mediated tensions for several decades. The British controlled bothMysore and Madras for a short period in the middle of the 19th century. During theirregime, numerous plans were drawn up for the utilization of the Kaveri waters by bothstates. However, the drought and subsequent famine in the mid 1870s put a hold on theimplementation of these plans. The plans were revived by Mysore in 1881, by which



55

time Mysore was back in the hands of the Mysore kings, while present day Tamil Naducontinued to remain a part of the Madras Presidency.

Mysore's plans to revive the irrigation projects met with resistance from the MadrasPresidency. Mysore state made a representation to the then British government; as a

result of which, a conference was held in 1890 with the objective of agreeing "…on theprinciples of a modus vivendi, which would on the one hand allow to Mysorereasonable freedom in dealing with her irrigation works, and on the other, give toMadras practical security against injury to her interests" and eventually the Agreementof 1892 was signed. Karnataka deems this agreement as having been between unequalpartners because, while Mysore state was a princely state, Madras formed a part of theBritish Raj. Karnataka also considers this agreement to have been severely inimical to itsinterests as it gave sweeping powers and prescriptive rights to Madras, the lowerriparian state. As per this agreement, Mysore was required to obtain Madras' consentfor any new irrigation reservoirs across any of the main rivers it wished to utilize and

share information on any new irrigation scheme it wished to undertake to utilize thewaters

Things came to a head in 1910 when Mysore, under Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar asthe king and Sir. M.Vishweshwariah as Chief Engineer came up with a plan to constructa dam at Kannambadi village to hold up to 41.5 TMC of water. The dam was planned tobe built in two stages. In the first stage a capacity of 11 TMC was envisioned, while inthe second stage the full capacity was set to be realized. Madras however, refused togive its consent for this move as it had its own plans to build a storage dam at Metturwith a capacity of 80 TMC.

After a reference to the Government of India, permission was accorded to Mysore, butfor a reduced storage of 11TMC. During construction, however, the foundation was laidto suit the earlier desired full storage. This raised Madras' hackles and the disputecontinued. As a result, the then British Government of India referred the matter toarbitration under Rule IV of the 1892 Agreement. The Cauvery dispute thus had comeup for arbitration for the first time.

Sir H D Griffin was appointed arbitrator and M. Nethersole, the Inspector General ofIrrigation in India, was made the Assessor. They entered into proceedings on 16 July1913 and the Award was given on 12 May 1914. The award upheld the earlier decision

of the Government of India and allowed Mysore to go ahead with the construction ofthe dam up to 11 TMC.

The agreement also stipulated that Mysore was not to increase its area under irrigationmore than 110,000 acres (450 km2) beyond what was already existing, while the samecap for Madras Presidency was pegged at 301000|acre|km2. Nonetheless, Madras stillappealed against the award and negotiations continued. Eventually an agreement was



56

arrived at in 1924 and a couple of minor agreements were also signed in 1929 and 1933.The 1924 agreement was set to lapse after a run of 50 years. As a result of theseagreements, Karnataka claims that Mysore was forced to give up rights.

Post independence developments

In 1947, India won independence from the British. This changed the equationsdrastically. Tamil Nadu was carved out of Madras Presidency and Mysore provincebecame a state.

Further in 1956, the reorganization of the states of India took place and state boundarieswere redrawn based on linguistic demographics. Kodagu or Coorg (the birthplace ofthe Kaveri), became a part of Mysore state. Huge parts of erstwhile Hyderabad stateand Bombay Presidency joined with Mysore state. Parts of Malabar which earlierformed part of Madras Presidency went to Kerala. Pondicherry had already become a

de facto Union territory in 1954.

All these changes further changed the equations as Kerala and Pondicherry also jumpedinto the fray. Kerala staked its claim as one of the major tributaries of the Kaveri, theKabini, now originated in Kerala. Karaikal region of Pondicherry at the tail end of theriver demanded the waters that it had always used for drinking and some minimalagriculture. While these additional claims complicated matters greatly at a technicallevel, Mysore state and Tamil Nadu still remained the major parties to the dispute.

By the late 1960s, both states and the Central government began to realize the gravity ofthe situation as the 50 year run of the 1924 agreement was soon coming to an end.Negotiations were started in right earnest and discussions continued for almost 10years.

1970s

While discussions continued, a Cauvery Fact Finding Committee (CFFC) wasconstituted. The brief of the CFFC was to inspect the ‘ground’ realities and come upwith a report. The CFFC came up with a preliminary report in 1972 and a final report in1973. Inter state discussions were held based on this report. Finally in 1974, a draftagreement which also provided for the creation of a Cauvery Valley Authority was

prepared by the Ministry of Irrigation. This draft however, was not ratified.

While all these discussions went on, Tamil Nadu’s irrigated lands had grown from apre-Mettur command area of 1,440,000 acres (5,800 km2) to 2,580,000 acres (10,400 km2)while Karnataka’s irrigated area stood at 680,000 acres (2,800 km²). Karnataka maintainsthat these figures demonstrate the lop-sided nature of the agreement



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In 1976, after a series of discussions between the two states and the Central governmentchaired by Jagjeevan Ram, the then Irrigation Minister, a final draft was prepared basedon findings of the CFFC. This draft was accepted by all states and the Government alsomade an announcement to that effect in Parliament. Tamil Nadu came underPresident’s rule soon after that and the agreement was put on the backburner. When

President’s rule was lifted, the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam(AIADMK) with M. G. Ramachandran at the helm came to power for the first time inTamil Nadu and the dispute took a new turn.

The Tamil Nadu government now rejected the draft agreement and started insistingthat the 1924 agreement had only provided for an extension and not a review. It beganinsisting that status quo be restored and everyone go back to the agreements of 1892and 1924. This however, did not cut ice with Karnataka which had throughoutmaintained that those agreements were partisan and had been signed between unequalpartners.

When Karnataka began construction of the Harangi dam at Kushalanagara in Kodagu,it was once again met with resistance from Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu went to courtdemanding the constitution of a Tribunal under the Inter State Water DisputesAct(ISWD) of 1956. It also demanded the immediate stoppage of construction work atthe dam site. As a result of Tamil Nadu’s protests, Karnataka had to fund theconstruction under the non-plan head and this led to a severe strain on its finances.

1980s

Later Tamil Nadu withdrew its case demanding the constitution of a tribunal and thetwo states started negotiating again. Several rounds of discussions were held in the 80s.The result was still, a stalemate. In 1986, a farmer’s association from Tanjavur in TamilNadu moved the Supreme Court demanding the constitution of a tribunal. While thiscase was still pending, the two states continued many rounds of talks. This continuedtill April 1990 and yet yielded no results.

The constitution of the tribunal

The Supreme Court then directed the government headed by Prime Minister V. P. Singhto constitute a tribunal and refer all disputes to it. A three man tribunal was thus

constituted on 2 June 1990. The tribunal was headquartered at New Delhi and was to beheaded by Justice Chittatosh Mookerjee.

The four states presented their demands to the tribunal as under

• Karnataka - claimed 465 billion ft³ (13 km³) as its share• Kerala - wants 99.8 billion ft³ (2.83 km³) as its share



58

• Pondicherry - claims 9.3 billion ft³ (0.3 km³)• Tamil Nadu - wants the flows to be ensured in accordance with the terms

of the agreements of 1892 and 1924 (ie., 566 billion ft³ (16 km³) for TamilNadu and Pondicherry; 177 billion ft³ (5 km³) for Karnataka and 5 billionft³ (0.1 km³) for Kerala).

Interim award and the riots

Soon after the tribunal was set up, Tamil Nadu demanded a mandatory injunction onKarnataka for the immediate release of water and other reliefs. This was dismissed bythe tribunal. Tamil Nadu now went back to the Supreme Court which directed thetribunal to reconsider Tamil Nadu’s plea.

The tribunal reconsidered Tamil Nadu’s plea and gave an interim award on 25 June1991. In coming up with this award, the tribunal calculated the average inflows into

Tamil Nadu over a period of 10 years between 1980–81 and 1989–90. The extreme yearswere ignored for this calculation. The average worked out to 205 billion ft³ (5.8 km³)which Karnataka had to ensure reached Tamil Nadu in a water year. The award alsostipulated the weekly and monthly flows to be ensured by Karnataka for each month ofthe water year. The tribunal further directed Karnataka not to increase it irrigated landarea from the existing 1,120,000 acres (4,500 km2)

Karnataka deemed this extremely inimical to its interests and issued an ordinanceseeking to annul the tribunal’s award. The Supreme Court now stepped in at thePresident’s instance and struck down the Ordinance issued by Karnataka. It upheld thetribunal’s award which was subsequently gazetted by the Government of India on 11December 1991.

Karnataka was thus forced to accept the interim award and widespread demonstrationsand violence broke out in parts of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu following this.Thousands of Tamil families had to flee from Bangalore in fear of being attacked andlynched. The violence and show down, mostly centered in the Tamil populated parts ofBangalore, lasted for nearly a month and most schools and educational institutions inBangalore remained closed during this period.

The crisis of 1995–1996

In 1995, the monsoons failed badly in Karnataka and Karnataka found itself hardpressed to fulfill the interim order. Tamil Nadu approached the Supreme Courtdemanding the immediate release of at least 30 billion ft³. The Supreme Court refused toentertain Tamil Nadu's petition and asked it to approach the tribunal. The tribunalexamined the case and recommended that Karntaka release 11 billion ft³. Karnatakapleaded that 11 billion ft³ was unimplementable in the circumstances that existed then.



59

Tamil Nadu now went back to the Supreme Court demanding that Karnataka be forcedto obey the tribunal's order. The Supreme Court this time recommended that the thenPrime Minister, Mr. P. V. Narasimha Rao intervene and find a political solution. ThePrime Minister convened a meeting with the Chief Ministers of the two states andrecommended that Karnataka release 6 billion ft³ instead of the 11 billion ft³ that the

tribunal ordered.

Karnataka complied with the decision of the Prime Minister and the issue blew over.

Constitution of the CRA

Karnataka had all through maintained that the interim award was not 'scientific' andwas inherently flawed. It had, nevertheless, complied with the order except during1995–96 when rains failed. What complicated matters was that the Interim award wasambiguous on distress sharing and there was no clear cut formula that everyone agreed

upon to share the waters in the case of failure of the monsoon.

In 1997, the Government proposed the setting up of a Cauvery River Authority whichwould be vested with far reaching powers to ensure the implementation of the InterimOrder. These powers included the power to take over the control of dams in the eventof the Interim Order not being honoured. Karnataka, which had always maintained thatthe interim order had no scientific basis and was intrinsically flawed, strongly protestedthe proposal to set up such an authority.

The Government then made several modifications to the powers of the Authority andcame up with a new proposal. The new proposal greatly reduced the executive powersof the Authority. The power to take over control of dams was also done away with.Under this new proposal, the Government set up two new bodies, viz., Cauvery RiverAuthority and Cauvery Monitoring Committee. The Cauvery River Authority wouldconsist of the Prime Minister and the Chief Ministers of all four states(Karnataka, TamilNadu, Pondicherry, Kerala) and was headquartered in New Delhi. The CauveryMonitoring Committee on the other hand, was an expert body which consisted ofengineers, technocrats and other officers who would take stock of the 'ground realities'and report to the

The flare up and high drama of 2002

In the summer of 2002, things once again came to a head as the monsoon failed in bothKarnataka and Tamil Nadu. Reservoirs in both states fell to record low levels andinevitably tempers rose. The sticking point yet again, as in 1995–96 was how the distresswould be shared between the two states. The tribunal had overlooked this crucial pointwhen it gave the interim award and it had returned once again to haunt the situation.Tamil Nadu demanded that Karnataka honour the interim award and release to Tamil



60

Nadu its proportionate share. Karnataka on the other hand stated that the water levelswere hardly enough to meet its own demands and ruled out releasing any water in thecircumstances that prevailed.

CRA meeting and the Supreme Court order

A meeting of the CRA was called on 27 August but the Tamil Nadu chief minister Jayalalitha walked out of the meeting. The focus now shifted to the Supreme Courtwhich ordered Karnataka to release 1.25 billion ft³ of water every day unless CRArevised it. Karnataka started the release of water but pressed for another meeting of theCRA which was fixed for 8 September. The Tamil Nadu Chief Minister this timeboycotted the meet citing insufficient notice as the reason. A minister from her cabinet,however represented Tamil Nadu. The CRA revised the Court's order from 1.25 billionft³ to 0.8 billion ft³ per day.

This time however, the Karnataka government in open defiance of the order of theCRA, refused to release any water succumbing to the large scale protests that hadmounted in the Kaveri districts of the state. Tamil Nadu aghast at the defiance, wentback to the Supreme Court. Karnataka now resumed the release of water for a few days,but stopped it again on 18 September as a protesting farmer committed suicide by jumping into the reservoir and the protests threatened to take a dangerous turn.

The centre now stepped in and asked Karnataka to release the water. The SCmeanwhile, in response to Tamil Nadu's petition asked the CRA for details of the waterrelease and water levels in the reservoirs. The CRA in turn ordered for the inspectionsof the reservoirs. While the CRA inspected the reservoirs in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu (on23 September) flatly refused to grant them permission to inspect its reservoirs. Thismove by Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, coupled with her earlier walkout and boycott ofthe CRA meets, came in for severe criticism from all quarters. On 30 September theSupreme court ordered Tamil Nadu to co-operate with the CRA and Tamil Nadu gavein.

Demonstrations

The flare up had by now, well and truly taken an ugly turn and there were accusationsand counter accusations being thrown all around in both states. The opposition parties

in Tamil Nadu too had jumped into the fray and at the same time joining Jayalalitha instinging rebukes of both the Centre and the CRA.

To add to all this, the dispute had already spilled onto the streets in the district ofMandya in Karnataka and was threatening to spread to other parts of the state too.Precipitating the matters on the streets, the SC ordered Karnataka on 3 October tocomply with the CRA and resume the release of water.



61

Karnataka once again refused to obey the orders of SC. Tamil Nadu slapped anothercontempt petition on Karnataka and soon the issue degenerated into a 'free for all' withall and sundry from both states joining the protests. Soon, film actors and various othercross sections of society from both states were on the streets. The belligerence soon hit acrescendo and even as some groups in Tamil Nadu called for a stoppage of power from

the Neyveli Power station to Karnataka as a tit-for-tat measure, a Pan-Tamil militantoutfit (a month or so later) went ahead and blasted a major power transformersupplying power to the neighbouring states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.TheKarnataka Chief Minister, Mr. S. M. Krishna on the other hand, fearing that thesituation might spiral out of control, embarked on a padayatra from Bangalore toMandya. While some saw this as merely a gimmick, some, like U R Ananthamurthysaw it as a good faith effort to soothe tempers and joined him in the yatra.

Censure of both states by the Supreme Court

In the meanwhile, Tamil Nadu's contempt suit on Karnataka, came up for hearing on 1November. The Karnataka government, by now saw the spectre of a harsh rebuke andaction by the SC, and in a bid to salvage the situation, decided to resume the release ofwater; while at the same time compensating its own farmers for the loss. The supremecourt deferred the case to 15 November and on 15 November, while reserving itscomment on Karnataka, censured the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister for attacking the CRAand the Prime Minister and ordered Tamil Nadu to tender an unqualified apology.Tamil Nadu complied with it and tendered the apology.

By now, with Karnataka's resumption of water release, compensation of its farmers and

the first signs of the arrival of the north-east monsoon in Tamil Nadu, frayed temperswere on the wane. A couple of months later, the Supreme Court in an exceptionallystinging censure, pulled up the Karnataka government for its defiance of the courts. TheKarnataka Chief Minister tendered an unqualified apology and soon the dispute blewover. Most importantly and equally unfortunately, once again the dispute had blownover without any agreement being reached on the issue of 'distress-sharing'.

2003–2006

This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Pleaseimprove this section if you can. The talk page may contain suggestions. (December

2009)

The last four years haven't seen any major flare up in the dispute even though thesummer of 2003 saw a dry spell in both states. The monsoons in 2004, 2005 and 2006was quite copious and this helped a great deal in keeping the tempers calm. While thelast 3 or 4 years have been relatively quiet as far as jingoistic voices are concerned, aflurry of development has been afoot in the courts.



62

The term of the tribunal was initially set to expire in August 2005. However, in the lightof the many arguments the court was yet to hear, the tribunal filed a request forextension of its term. The extension was granted and the tribunal's term was extendedfor another year until September 2006. Early in 2006, a major controversy erupted overthe 'Assessor's report' that was apparently 'leaked' to the press. The report had

suggested a decision which Karnataka summarily rejected. Another major controversyerupted when just a couple of months before the September 2006 deadline, the tribunalrecommended the formation of another expert committee to study the 'ground realities'yet again. This was unanimously and vehemently opposed by all the four states party tothe dispute. The states contended that this move would further delay a judgment whichhas already been 16 years in the making.

More than the disapproval of all the four states of the new expert committee that wasproposed, the proposal turned out to be a major embarrassment for the tribunal. Thiswas because, not only were the four states opposed to it, even the Chief Judge of the

tribunal, Mr.?? was opposed to it. However the other two assistant judges on the 3-manadjudication team, overruled the opinion of the main Judge. And all this was done in apacked courtroom and this led to petty bickering and heated arguments between thethree judges in the packed courtroom. This left everyone in the courtroom shocked andthe Tamil Nadu counsel was moved to remark that it was embarrassing that the judgesprobably needed help settling their own disputes before adjudicating on the dispute athand. Nonetheless, the new expert committee was formed and carried out furtherassessments. Subsequently, the extended deadline of the tribunal also passed and thetribunal was given yet another extension.

Judgment

The Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal announced its final verdict on 5 February 2007.According to its verdict, Tamil Nadu gets 419 billion ft³ (12 km³) of Cauvery waterwhile Karnataka gets 270 billion ft³ (7.6 km³). The actual release of water by Karnatakato Tamil Nadu is to be 192 billion ft³ (5.4 km³) annually. Further, Kerala will get 30billion ft³ and Puducherry 7 billion ft³. Tamil Nadu appears to have been accepting theverdict while the government of Karnataka, unhappy with the decision, filed a revisionpetition before the tribunal seeking a review.



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METRO RAIL PROJECT

CHENNAI: The proposed metro railway project for the city is on the fast track with thestate government moving the center for clearances. Project consultant Delhi Metro RailCorporation (DMRC) is expected to submit a draft by the month-end

Work on the partly elevated and partly underground metro railway line alongAnnasalai and Poonamallee high road is expected to cost Rs.7,129 crore as per a briefproject profile submitted by DMRC in December 2006. Based on the report, the stategovernment has started working on getting clearances form the planning commission,the cabinet and various departments.

The metro rail will decongest the crowded road corridors in the inner city and offer amore environment friendly mass transportation alternative for the burgeoningmetropolis. Government sources say the first railway corridor from toll gate to Kamaraj

Airport will cover 27.3km. There will be 22 stations. The second corridor from fortstation to guindy will consist of 18 stations along the 21.8km stretch.

Once the government finalizes the DPR, work is expected to start from January 2008and get over within five-and-a-half years.

The elevated track will be mostly along Annaisalai, which is wide enough to have arailway line along the median. In places such as Broadway, where there is not enoughroad width, it will be an underground line.

According to the DPR, corridor one will start from tollgate on tiruvotriyur high road. Itwill go past the railway cross near washermanpet station as an underground line. It willcover Broadway and high court; go past the MUC grounds and the central station(opposite the Moore Market Complex). The underground track will cross poonamaleehigh road and the cooum to enter Annasalai near tarapore towers. The track will beelevated from the point it enters Annasalai till where it terminates at a station before theairport building.

The second corridor, which starts from fort station, will enter poonamallee high road, tocover aminjikarai and Ann nagar Second Avenue. The underground line will take aturn at tirumangalam to touch koyambedu fruit market, CMBT and the inner ring roadto terminate near the guindy suburban railway station. Here as well as the fort stationand the station opposite the Moore market complex, will have passages to connectcommuters from suburban lines to the metro rail corridors.



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Mullaperiyar Dam From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Mullaperiyar Dam is constructed over the headwaters of the Periyar River in Kerala, India. ThePeriyar National Park, Thekkady is located around the Periyar reservoir formed by thebackwaters of this dam. It is operated by the Government of Tamil Nadu according to a 999-year

lease agreement made during erstwhile British colonial rule.

Mullaperiyar Dam

Official name Mullaperiyar Dam

Locale Kerala, India

Coordinates 9°31′43″N 77°8′39″E9.52861°N 77.14417°E

Construction began 1887

Opening date 1895

Dam and spillways

Height 155 ft (47.24 m)

Length 1200 ft (365.76 m)

Impounds Periyar River

Reservoir

Creates Periyar Reservoir

Capacity 443.23 million cubic meter

Mullaperiyar Issue



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Contents • 1 Name• 2 History• 3 Disputes

o 3.1 Historical background of the disputeo 3.2 Current status

• 4 Notes• 5 Further reading

Name The name is derived from a portmanteau of Mullaiyar and Periyar. As the dam is located after

the confluence of the Mullayar and Periyar Rivers, the river and hence the dam came to be called Mullaperiyar .

History Periyar river is a west-flowing river of Kerala State. The river flows its full course entirelythrough Kerala, and derives its water almost exclusively from catchment area (Drainage basin)

inside the State. The dam stops the west flowing river to form a reservoir, which is also

exclusively located in Kerala. From the reservoir, Tamil Nadu collects water to the eastern side

of Western Ghats via a tunnel.

On 29 October 1886 a lease indenture for 999 years was made between Maharaja of Travancoreand Secretary of State for India for Periyar irrigation works. The lease indenture inter alia

granted full right, power and liberty to construct, make and carry out on the leased land and touse exclusively when constructed, made and carried out all such irrigation works and other

works ancillary thereto to Secretary of State for India (now Tamil Nadu). By another agreement

in 1970, Tamil Nadu was also permitted to generate power.

A first dam was built by the British Corps of Royal Engineers. After the first dam was washed

away by floods, a second stonework dam was built in 1895.

The dam's purpose was to divert the waters of the west-flowing Periyar River eastward, taking

the water from the reservoir through a tunnel cut across the watershed and Western Ghats to thearid rain shadow regions of Theni, Madurai District, Sivaganga District and Ramanathapuramdistricts of Tamil Nadu.[4] Although Kerala claims that the agreement was forced on the then

princely State of Travancore, presently part of Kerala, the pact was revalidated in 1970 by Kerala

and Tamil Nadu. The lease provided the British the rights over "all the waters" of the

Mullaperiyar and its catchment basin, for an annual rent of Rs. 40,000.



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Disputes The government of Tamil Nadu has proposed an increase in the storage level of the dam from thecurrently maintained 136 feet (41 m) to 142 feet (43 m). The Kerala government has opposed

this move, citing safety concerns for the more than hundred year old bridge and especially for the

thickly populated districts downstream. A 10-million-dollar 3D Hollywood movie inspired bythese controversies, titled Dam 999, is scheduled for release in 2011.

Historical background of the dispute A lease deed was signed between the Travancore Princely State and British Presidency of Madras in 1886 which gave the British the right to divert "all the waters" of the Mullaperiyar and

its catchment to British territory (the Madras Presidency, now Tamil Nadu) for 999 years. After

Independence, both the entities became non-existent. Further, according to Indian Independence

Act 1947, all the treaties between British Government and Indian Princeley States have lapsed.Moreover, Article 131 of the Constitution of India denies Supreme Court of jurisdiction on pre-

constitutional agreements. Kerala argued that the agreement is not an equal one, but imposed on

the local King by the mightly British Empire.

After independence, even in the absence of any treaties, Tamil Nadu continued to use the water

from Periyar for extending irrigation facilities, and later for power generation on the basis of

informal agreements between the governments of the two states. In 1970 the Kerala and TamilNadu governments signed a formal agreement to renew the 1886 treaty almost completely. The

Idukki Hydroelectric project, located 30 km downstream was completed in 1976 by the Kerala

government, is still the major resource (about 30%) for irrigation and electricity needs of Kerala.

After Independence the areas downstream of the Mullaperiyar become heavily inhabited, asKerala has a very high population density. In 1979, safety concerns were raised by Kerala

Government after a minor earthquake, after which a few leaks were detected in the Mullaperiyar

dam. A state agency had reported that the structure would not withstand an earthquake abovemagnitude 6 on the Richter scale. The then Tamil Nadu government lowered the storage level to

the current 136 feet (from 142.2 feet) at the request of the Kerala Government to carry out safety

repairs, after which it was suggested that the storage level could be raised to the full reservoirlevel of 152 feet (46 m). Security concerns regarding the downstream inhabitants prompted

Kerala to backtrack on the 1970 Agreement in 2000. Another argument put forward by Kerala on

the basis of a report on a study conducted state agencies suggested that the loss of habitat to the

fauna of Periyar National Park would occur due to flooding after the increase in the storage level.

IIT Delhi conducted a study which stated that the dam safety would be affected even at a level of 136 ft (41 m). IIT Roorkee conducted structural stability study on the Reservoir had found that

the structure would not be safe in the event of an earthquake.

Meanwhile, the Tamil Nadu government had increased its withdrawal from the reservoir, with

additional facilities to cater to the increased demand from newly irrigated areas. One article

estimates that "the crop losses to Tamil Nadu, because of the reduction in the height of the dam,between 1980 and 2005 is a whopping Rs. 40,000 crores. In the process the farmers of the



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erstwhile rain shadow areas in Tamil Nadu who had started a thrice yearly cropping pattern had

to go back to the bi-annual cropping."

However, the Kerala Government maintains that this is not true. During the year 1979-80 the

gross area cultivated in Periyar command area was 171,307 acres (693.25 km2). After the

lowering of the level to 136 ft (41 m), the gross irrigated area increased and in 1994-95 itreached 229,718 acres (929.64 km2).

An article written in 2000 in Frontline stated: "For every argument raised by Tamil Nadu in

support of its claims, there is counter-argument in Kerala that appears equally plausible. Yet,

each time the controversy gets embroiled in extraneous issues, two things stand out: One isKerala's refusal to acknowledge the genuine need of the farmers in the otherwise drought-prone

regions of Tamil Nadu for the waters of the Mullaperiyar; the other is Tamil Nadu's refusal to seethat it cannot rely on or continue to expect more and more from the resources of another State to

satisfy its own requirements to the detriment of the other State. A solution perhaps lies in

acknowledging the two truths, but neither government can afford the political repercussions of

such a confession".

Current status Tamil Nadu is the custodian of the dam and its surrounding areas. In 2006, the Supreme Court of

India has allowed for the storage level to be raised to 142 feet (43 m). However, the KeralaGovernment promulgated a new "Dam Safety Act" against increasing the storage level of the

dam, which has not been objected by the Supreme Court. Tamil Nadu challenged it on various

grounds. The Supreme Court issued notice to Kerala to respond; however, did not stay theoperation of the Act even as an interim measure. The Court then advised the States to settle the

matter amicably, and adjourned hearing in order to enable them to do so. The Supreme Court of

India termed it as not unconstitutional. Meanwhile, the Supreme Court constituted a Constitutionbench to hear the case considering its wide ramifications. The case involves pre-constitutional

agreement between two entities which does not exist now.

Kerala's Stance: Kerala did not object giving water to Tamil Nadu. Their main cause of objection

is the dams safety as it is as old as 110 years. Increasing the level would add more pressure to behandled by already leaking dam. No masonry dam may survive for 999 years so a new dam may

replace the existing one in near future.

Tamil Nadu's Stance: The State want that the 2006 order of Supreme court be implemented so as

to increase the water level to 142 feet (43 m).

In September 2009, the Ministry of Environment and Forests of Government of India grantedenvironmental clearance to Kerala for conducting survey for new dam downstream. Tamil Nadu

approached Supreme court for a stay order against the clearance; however, the plea was rejected.

Consequently, the survey was started in October, 2009. The survey team looked at three spots

and the final report is expected to be ready by March 2010 for submission to the government.



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The arguments of Kerala and Tamil Nadu are continuing in the Constitution bench of SupremeCourt. Adv. Harish Salve appeared for Kerala and Adv. Parasaran appeared for Tamil Nadu in

Supreme Court. Kerala argued that if Mullaperiyar is an interstate river, the Supreme Court has

no jurisdiction to intervene in the issue and that it must be dealt with by an independent tribunal.It also argued that if Mullaperiyar is an intrastate river, then the Dam Safety Authority of Kerala

is constitutional, and that the Supreme Court has no jurisdiction to intervene in a pre-constitutional agreement. Thus, the water provision is now done under the 1970 reviewagreement between the States. According to this agreement, only the dam area is leased to Tamil

Nadu, and water is not leased. As Kerala does not gain anything from the project inside its

territary, it is free to revisit/cancel the 1970 agreement. Kerala also argues that if the water level

is increased to 142 feets, wide forest areas that are inhabited by conserved flora and fauna will beinundated. Moreover, as Tamil Nadu controls only the dam, Kerala has no legal restrictions for

diverting water to Idukki reservoir through another route, thereby preventing water logging

inside Mullaperiyar reservoir. When the Supreme Court sought to know whether a contract couldbe unilaterally terminated, Mr. Salve said the Legislature had the competence to put an end to the

contract, which was not in Kerala’s interest. By legislation, a contract could be varied, altered or

annulled.

Tamil Nadu argued that the Supreme Court need to look only in to the issue of non-

implementation of Supreme Court Order to increase water level of dam by Kerala. Tamil Nadu

also asserted that Mullaperiyar is not an interstate river, and thus, there is no need for forming a

tribunal. The Tamil Nadu counsel argued that Kerala has an ulterior motive to make a new damand keep it under its control. Tamil Nadu fears that the water supply will be restricted if Kerala

builds a new dam and controls it.

However, political controversies arose in Tamil Nadu, as Marumalarchi Dravida MunnetraKazhagam (MDMK) party and BJP accused the Tamil Nadu counsel[23] is against the interests of

Tamil Nadu and demanded the state government to remove him. Vaiko, General Secretary,MDMK, has called for a road blockade on May 28 to stop transport of foodgrains, vegetablesand milk to Kerala to protest its proposal to construct a new dam in place of the Mullaperiyar

dam.

Meanwhile, Kerala proposed that a mechanism may be thought about to supply water to Tamil

Nadu similar to the one employed for its supply of drinking water to Coimbatore under the

Siruvani water supply scheme.

On 18 February 2010, the Supreme Court decided to constitute a five-member empowered

committee to study all the issues of Mullaiperiyar Dam and seek a report from it within six

months. The Bench in its draft order said Tamil Nadu and Kerala would have the option tonominate a member each, who could be either a retired judge or a technical expert. The five-

member committee will be headed by former Chief Justice of India A. S. Anand to go into all

issues relating to the dam's safety and the storage level. However, the ruling party of Tamil

Nadu, DMK, passed a resolution that it not only oppose the apex court's decision to form thefive-member committee, but also said that the state government will not nominate any member

to it. Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M. Karunanidhi said that immediately after the Supreme Court

announced its decision to set up a committee, he had written to Congress president asking the



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Centre to mediate between Kerala and Tamil Nadu on Mullaperiyar issue. However, Leader of Opposition J. Jayalalithaa objected to the TN Government move. She said that this would give

advantage to Kerala in the issue. Meanwhile, Kerala Water Resources Minister N. K.

Premachandran told the state Assembly that the State should have the right of construction,ownership, operation and maintenance of the new dam, while giving water to Tamil Nadu on the

basis of a clear cut agreement. He also informed the media that Former Supreme Court JudgeMr. K. T. Thomas will represent Kerala on the expert panel constituted by Supreme Court. On 8March 2010, in a fresh twist to the Mullaperiyar Dam row, Tamil Nadu told the Supreme Court

that it was not interested in adjudicating the dispute with Kerala before the special “empowered”

committee appointed by the apex court for settling the inter-State issue. However, Supreme

Court refused to accept Tamil Nadu's request to scrap the decision to form the empoweredcommittee. SC also criticized the Union Government on its reluctance in funding the empowered

committee.

Notes 1. Which now does not exist as a river as it is part of the backwater/reservoir.2. The main river is called the Periyar River.3. Which were under British rule as part of Madras Province.4. R. Krishnakumar, Frontline, Volume 23 - Issue 05, Mar. 11 - 24, 2006.5. "A film based on Mullaperiyar dam issue". Indian Express. Feb 28, 2010.6. "Verdict on Mullaperiyar". The Hindu (Chennai, India).7. in 19598. CESS, Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thiruvananthapuram9. A study on the impact of raising of water level in the Mullaperiyar reservoir of the

Periyar Tiger Reserve was carried out by scientists from the Kerala Forest ResearchInstitute (KFRI), the Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (TBGRI), Centre for

Water Resource Development and Management (CWRDM) and the Sálim Ali Centre forOrnithology and Natural History (SACON)10. "Apex court wants reports on Mullaperiyar dam safety referred to expert body". The

Hindu (Chennai, India). February



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Mullaiperiyar Dam controversy: issues and concerns

Interestingly, mullaiperiyar dam controversy is not about sharing water as in thecause of cauvery. Kerala, and way, cannot use the dam water as most of it is going tothe sea and kerala is least bothered about use of water that flows through the dam. It is

also not a case of rehabilitation, at le3ast as on date, as in case of Narmada. Vast areasthat would be submerged if reservoir level were increased are the Periyar Tiger Reserveand it is a different matter of concern altogether of protecting forest species. It is noteven the question of increasing height of the dam because the original storage level was152ft, which was reduced to 136ft in the backdrop of mild tremor to the magnitude of 2on Richter scale in the region in 1979.

Still, the tempers are running high on both states, if not to the level ofconfrontations and clashes, because, it is a matter of providing livelihood to severallakhs of people and of increasing agricultural productivity in the rain shadow districts

of TamilNadu that would benefit out of water flow, which otherwise goes water, byincreasing the reservoir level. On the other hand, it is a matter of environmental concernfor kerala that would like to avoid ‘bursting’ or ‘breaking’ of the 110 years old, 175fthigh, 5704ft long lime and brick dam in question, kerala, being a land-locked state,appears to be over cautious. The state being land hungry and environmental imbalancesnowballing into imbalance in and destabilization of irrigation and, in turn, agrarianeconomy also cannot be ruled out. Kerala appears to be more concerned about theconsequences inland than about the Mullaiperiyar dam as such.

TamilNadu went to the Supreme Court and succeeded in convincing the court to

pass an order, in February 2006,in its favour to increase the height of the reservoir levelof the dam to142ft from the present 136ft. kerala countered it by moving swiftly to theextent of holding a special two-day assembly session in march to discuss the issue andunanimously passed a legislation, kerala irrigation and water conservation (Amendment) act, 2006 in order to steal away the basis of the Supreme Court order. Theamended act has empowered the kerala dam safety authority to fix maximum reservoirlevel for scheduled dams and to instruct custodians of the dam accordingly. In this case,mullaiperiyar is a scheduled dam and custodian is the Tamilnadu state government.When the kerala government approached the court for revision of its order, theSupreme Court rejected it and has advised talks between the two governments. Talksthat have been on for last few months appear not to have yielded desired results and itis only a matter of time for the Tamilnadu state government to approach the court toenforce the verdict.

The kerala government is coming up with the issue of safety of the 110-year-olddam and the consequent issues that are expected to affect more the 35 lakh peopleliving in downstream in the districts of idukki, kottayam, erunakulam,pathananmathitta and alappuzha. Tamilnadu, on the other hand, is raising the issues of



71

irrigation and drinking water in the rain shadow districts of theni, dindigul, maduraivirudhunagar, sivaganga and ramanathapuram which would otherwise have no accessto any water facilities.

Tamilnadu claimed to have lost 45000 crores in the last 25 years because more

than 8000 hectares of land went dry way of reduction in the original reservoir level of152ft.

As the kerala government said that the dam is so weak that it cannot withstandstorage level of more than 136ft, an expert committee was formed to study the technicalfeasibility and ways to strengthen the ailing dam. After some modification, renovationand repair works were carried out; the expert committee inspected the dam and hascertified that the dam can withstand a reservoir level of 142ft initially. But the keralagovernment is not ready to buy the argument and insists that the reservoir level shouldnot be increased at any cost.

The center of earth science studies in kerala says that the dam cannot withstandan earthquake of the magnitude of 6 or more on the Richter scale if the epicenter is nearthe dam. The institute also assessed that tremor of such a magnitude is not too far as theregion has been experiencing several tremors on lesser degrees for quite sometime now,i.e., in the last two decades. The chances of occurrence of such tremors are also high dueto the presence of lineaments and fault zones in the region.

The mullaiperiyar controversy has opened up newer issues for discussion.Strangely, the dam is located in the lands of kerala while the maintenance of dam and

the operation of sluice gate are undertaken by the government. The land was taken onlease by Tamilnadu for 999 years in 1886 through an agreement between the thenmaharaja of state of travancore and the madras presidency. The project was conceivedin 1895. Again, a new agreement was signed around 1970 when the old one was aboutto expire. The lease amount was increased from Rs.5/toRs.3per acre and the tamilnadugovernment was allowed to produce electricity at a price. The whole problem startedonly in 1979 when the region faced mild tremors. Now, there are also debates onannexing dam areas bordering the state to tamilnadu. The state reorganizationcommission had also suggested including devikulam and peermedu areas (dam areas)in the state. Tamilnadu is concerned because the new amended law empowers keraladam safety authority even to decommission dams, if found unsafe. Such an eventualitywill affected more than 80000 acres of land that is under irrigation and will be a bodybelow to the state of tamilnadu.

It has also opened debates on water policies of both governments, divertingwest-flowing rivers (from kerala to Arabian Sea) towards east (tamilnadu) so as toavoid wastage of water of water, the rational of allowing privatization andcommercialization of water in this water starved era, policies that makes people to pay



72

for every drop of water they use while encouraging multinationals to go scot-free inexploiting all our water resources (like coca-cola company at tirunelveli and Bechtel attiruppur in tamilnadu), scientific approach to water conservation and watershedmanagement, ect. Electricity generation and distribution policies are also being debatedanew. Tamilnadu is heading for a water crisis. Irrigation systems are being handed over

to various multinational agencies including World Bank and companies from Europeancountries. The people are being forced to pay for it. Tamilnadu water supply anddrainage board (TWAD), a government agency, has been turned into a nodal agency forbroking deals with multinational and for spearheading privatization andcommercialization of water. The government is shirking off its responsibility on waterissues and TWAD being restructured to become a self-sustainable, profit-basedorganization is only n indication.

In this backdrop, the issue involved is the livelihood of millions of people onboth sides. Court verdicts and emergency legislations may not sole the real crisis. Water

going waste is of no concern for kerala and the same being used by tamilnadu alsoshould not be a problem for them. Increasing agricultural productivity and savinglivelihood of lakhs of people in tamilnadu, particularly in those dry and rain shadowdistricts in the region, is very important. Likewise, the safety and security of lakhs ofpeople of kerala are also equally important.Conflicting views on the stress and strength analysis and technical feasibility ofincreasing reservoir level of the dam should be thrashed out first. Instead of dependingon courts and legislations, negotiations and talks should be the main modus operandi tosettle the dispute. Taking over of irrigation subject by the central government may notbe a real solution in a multi-national. Multi-ethnic society. Rather, the central

government should play the role of an efficient and effective facilitator to find anamicable solution to the dispute. There is a need for evolving an effective inter-statewater dispute redressal mechanism. Any attempt, on both sides, to incite passions ofregional chauvinism should be condemned in unequivocal terms. But, unfortunatelypolitical parties in both states are including mainly incite passions rather than findingamicable and workable solution to the dispute. The ruling party in kerala is behavingmore as a regionalist party than a communist party. DMK and other parties inTamilnadu are also eyeing for an opportunity to flare up feeling of regional chauvinismin order to revive their own declining influences among masses. Arriving at a mutuallyacceptable, mutually beneficial solution should be the point of departure for anyframework for solution.

Alternatives should also be given serious thought. Constructing a new dam can also beconsidered if it is established that Mullaiperiyar dam cannot withstand the pressure ofincreasing the reservoir level. Adopting an integrated approach of river diversions,utilization of all possible water ways, innovative water management policies, puttingkanmoys (tanks and lakes) and rivers (Vaigai) to a coordinated use, etc., can also beconsidered. There is also an opinion expressed by Kambam Basin Farmers' Association



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that water can be effectively put to use through an integrated use of Vaigai river systemand its kanmoys (tanks) where water can be stored after it is released from Mullaiperiyardam and constructing a small dam near Varusanadu, if necessary, to feed Vaigai river.This proposal, if actually feasible, is potent enough to make other proposals ofincreasing reservoir level of Mullaiperiyar dam and constructing a new dam redundant

Mullaiperiyar dam dispute: farmers to meet Prime Minister

MADURAI, JAN. 12. A team of 28 farmers meet the Prime Minister, MonmohanSing, later this month to impress upon him the need to raise the level of mullaiperiyardam from 136 to 145feet.

M.Buthisigamani, president, periyar-vaigai farmer’s Association, between peranai andkallandiri (the double-crop area), said the team would seek the Prime Minister’sintervention to solve the 25-year-old dispute between tamilnadu and kerala over raising

the dam level.

The Prime Minister should convene a meeting of the two state governments and thecentral water commission (CWC) and the tow committees and should order that thelevel be increased to 145ft as a temporary measure to mitigate the drinking water andirrigation problems in south tamilnadu.

The dam helped to irrigate 2.17 lahks acres and served as a drinking water source for apopulation of 65 lakhs in Theni, Dindigul, Madurai, Ramanathapuram and Sivagangadistricts when the level was maintained at 152ft till 1979.

However, surplus water from the periyar dam failed to fill up the then newly-constructed idukki dam for three consecutive years, and politicians in kerala planned torestrict the level of the periyar dam136ft.they claimed that the “Weak” condition of thedam posed a threat to the lives and property in three districts of kerala.

Mr.Buthisigamani said water from the periyar dam (with a capacity of 15.565 tmc at152ft) would flow into the idukki dam (with a capacity of 72 tmc) through mountainousregions and would not pose any threat to lives. Unlike kerala, which was rich in waterresources and draining 2000 tmc ftof rainwater into the sea, Tamilnadu was dependenton the neighbouring states for water.

The team is leaving here for New Delhi on January 22.

Mulaiperiyar Dam issue

In India, sharing of river waters between the riparian states has always been a ticklishissue. We have seen many disputes in respect of rivers like sutlej, narmada, godavari,



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Krishna, cauvery, parambikkulam & sholayar. All these rivers are interstate riversflowing through more than one state and naturally each state tries its best to secure alarger share of that invaluable resource, water.

But the dispute between tamilnadu and kerala over mullaiperiyar dam, which hit the

headlines,when the roads connecting both the state were blockaded recently by sloganshouting agitators from tamilnadu, belonging to the ruling party, DMK, is of a differentnature. With vaiko of MDMK on a padayatra from madurai to gudalur, calling forraising the water level in the dam. With PMK’s Dr.Ramdas and Dk’s Veeramani toolaunching similar dharnas and with the AIADMk’s Dr. Jayalithaa too launching herown tirade, emotions ran high and naturally Dr. kalaignar, though always verydiplomatic in his dealings with the neighbouring state, could not but join the fray.

In the midst of the emotional outbursts of the leaders and their parties trying to extractthe maximum possible political mileage for themselves, the core issues got clouded. Let

us examine the issues involved and try to find out what exacrly is the problem inmullaiperiyar.

The river periyar is not an inter-state river. This west-flowing river originates in keralaand flows throughout in that state before winding its way into the coastal plain andbranching off thereafter, only to meander into the backwaters near kochi and then tomerge into the Arabian sea.

About 120 years ago, the British who ruled in the madras presidency enters into anagreement with the maharajah of travancore, to permit them to construct a dam across

the Periyar River in that state and then to divert the water impounded to the east, toirrigation the parched dry lands of the then madurai & ramnad districts. There was alsoa sociological aspect. In the absences of any scope for any productive economic activity,large section of the people (mainly kallars) there, tended to take to the path of crime andviolence. The British had even declared them a ‘criminal tribe ‘at that time. They hadchosen to follow a carrot and stick policy and thought that once the periyar water wasmade available, the ruthless criminal will turn into a hardworking and honest farmer,earning by the sweat of his brow. The agreement was signed for a period of 999 years!(The usual long term agreements we have heard of run for 99 years). The quantity ofwater to be transferred to the East, across the Western Ghats, was not specified. The roleof the legendary Bhageeratha who changed the course of Ganga and brought it into hiscountry was played here by Col Pennyquick, the then British Chief Engineer whocompleted the Dam in the year 1895.

The rubble-lime-surkhi dam has done an excellent job, impounding large quantities ofwater, year after year and helping to convert 2 lakhs of acres of waste lands into fertilefarmland. Agricultural prosperity induced the people to reform themselves and becomelaw-abiding citizens.(After all, they have something to lose now).



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Though the original design life of such a dam would be about 50 years, the excellentquality of construction enabled it to exist without any problem for a much longerperiod. However, in the 1970's complaints started coming in and 1979 turned out to be aproblem year. Extraordinarily large quantities of water began seeping through the Dam

creating apprehensions in Kerala. They started expressing grave doubts about thestrength and stability of the dam. After all, it was an 85 year old structure, built with nocement or steel and using only rubble, lime and surkhi and it was being subjected toheavy stresses and strains. There were genuine fears that due to the tremendouspressure exerted by the large quantity and height of the water it impounded, someweak spots in the Dam structure might even give way, leading to a great catastrophe.The thickly populated Periyar valley was at grave risk, it was stated. Soon politicians inboth the States entered the scene. Emotions ran high. The Government of India & theCentral Water and Power Commission (CW&PC) intervened. After lengthy parleys,Tamilnadu agreed to strengthen the Dam as required by the Central experts. It was

decided that maximum water level in the Dam would be maintained at 136 ft. until thestrengthening jobs were completed satisfactorily (the full reservoir level was 152 ft.), inorder to reduce the strain on the old structure and keep it within safe limits.

After, the strengthening works were carried out, Government of Tamil Nadu called forraising the water level in the Mullaperiyar reservoir to 152 feet.

Kerala objected, pointing to the continuing seepage of water. Tamil Nadu argued thatthe seepage was within normal limits and did not cause any concern. Discussions failedand Tamilnadu went to the Supreme Court and secured favourable orders from the

highest Court for stepping up the storage level. Kerala retaliated with a new legislationforming a Dam Safety Authority which would examine the safety aspects of all thedams in the state (including the Mullaperiyar Dam) and determine the maximumpermissible storage levels for each of them. Tamil Nadu approached the Supreme Courtagain, challenging the validity of this enactment. The Supreme Court suggested settlingthe issue by talks between the Chief Ministers under the good offices of the PrimeMinister. The two Chief Ministers promptly met in the presence of the Union IrrigationMinister, explained their respective positions and instructed their own IrrigationMinisters to continue the next round. They met once and yet there was no progress.Meanwhile, there was a spate of intemperate statements and rejoinders from both thesides. The rest is very recent history.

What Tamilnadu wants is water from Periyar. And even today, nobody in Keralaobjects to the releasing of Periyar waters to Tamilnadu. Nobody in Kerala has so farcalled for even restricting the quantity of water released. Nobody there objects to TamilNadu drawing away the entire water from the reservoir as and when they like, inquantities convenient to them, so long as the level is not more than 136 ft. And TamilNadu has very successfully managed this operation during the last 27 years, ensuring



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that the level in the reservoir is never more than 136 ft. But when the chain of reservoirsand irrigation tanks in Tamil Nadu, from Suriliyar near Cumbum down toRameswaram at the fag end ,are full, with heavy rains on the eastern side of the hillstoo, Tamil Nadu cannot naturally receive more water(lest the level should cross 136 ft)and then if more freshes arrive, some water will have to be released down the Dam's

spillway. This will flow into the downstream course of Periyar, reaching the Idukkireservoir about 75 kms away. Tamil Nadu has done this operation so efficiently thatonly on a very few days has water overflowed down the Mullaiperiyar Dam's spillwayall these years. If storage facilities in Tamil Nadu can be augmented, even this can beavoided.

In short, what Tamil Nadu wants is water and Kerala does not refuse it. Tamil Naduhas demonstrated it ability to take all the water keeping the level within 136 ft.. Whatadditional advantage does it get by increasing the storage level? Only someoperational* flexibility. So is the raising of the Periyar reservoir level beyond 136 ft, a

big life and death issue as far as Tamil Nadu is concerned?

Let us pause for a moment and think of what is happening in the Cauvery basin. AnnaiCauvery, as the Tamils emotionally refer to the River Goddess, has been Tamil Nadu'slifeline; it's most important river. From time immemorial, Cauvery waters irrigated 12lakh acres of paddy in Tamilnadu's granary of Thanjavur alone. And lots of paddy,sugarcane, banana, betelvine and a host of other crops flourished along the river'scourse in the other districts as well. But now -there is problem there, every year.Karnataka has constructed dams across Cauvery upstream and only the water whichoverflows reaches the Tamilnadu border. And every year it is a struggle to get some

Cauvery water released even to save the standing crops. The successive Chief Ministersof Tamilnadu have been forced to go up to the Prime minister to get their rightful shareof Cauvery waters, year after year!

While Karnataka refuses to give Tamilnadu its legitimate share of water from Cauvery,Kerala readily agrees to release the entire water impounded in Mullaiperiyar, which isnot even an interstate river! An unequal; 999 year agreement signed during the colonialtimes has been honoured even after Independence. And water delivered withoutprotest-not for irrigation alone; for power generation as well. They are only worriedabout the safety of the Dam and the lives of 30 lakhs of people. Perhaps their fears areunfounded. But they don't believe so. Will it not be in the interest of Tamilnadu to dowhatever is required to allow these people to sleep without fearing for their lives? Butrepairs have already been carried out, and to the satisfaction of CW&PC experts. Whythey are shouting even now? They say that the dam, built with rubble in lime, is 115years old already. Will patchworks help? Everywhere such old structures have beendecommissioned long ago...So the debate goes on.

Will our politicians transform themselves into statesmen and solve this problem

group ii interview notes

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