group formation

Claus Brabrand, ITU, Denmark Feb 26, 2008GROUP FORMATION

Group Formation

Claus Brabrand[ [email protected] ]

( “FÅP”: First-year Project Course, ITU, Denmark )

[ 2 ]Claus Brabrand, ITU, Denmark GROUP FORMATION Feb 26, 2008

Outline for Today

Group Formation (09:00 – 12:00): MBTI Results: ”general population vs. FAAP” Peer Assessment Technology Adoption and ”Diffusion Theory” Group Formation ! Group Exercises

White-box Testing (13:00 – 16:00): Lecture Exercises


Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Introversion vs. Extraversion ("attitudes") I: internal world (concepts/ideas/reflect), energy from timeout, [think;act] E: external world (people/action/things), energy from action, [act;think]

[Carl G. Jung, 1920] [ cf. wikipedia for more info ]

Sensing vs. iNtuition ("irrational functions", applied to 'data' received) S: "concrete", trust information in present, details / facts, [meaning ~ data] N: "abstract", trust theories, [meaning ~ pattern, theory, or wider context]

Feeling vs. Thinking ("decision making functions", for rational choices) F: associated decisions: empathize with situation, [inside perspective] T: dissociated decisions: logical/causes/consistent, [outside perspective]

Judging vs. Perceiving ("lifestyle", relates to how to get things done) J: come to decision, clear plan, start in good time, ["inflexible"] P: leave matters open, await or postpone decisions, ["too flexible"]


Putting People into 16 Boxes

ISTJ( Inspector )

ISTP( Crafter )

ESTP( Promoter )

ESTJ( Supervisor )

ISFJ( Protector )

ISFP( Composer )

ESFP( Performer )

ESFJ( Provider )

INFJ( Counselor )

INFP( Healer )

ENFP( Champion )

ENFJ( Teacher )

INTJ( Mastermind )

INTP( Architect )

ENTP( Inventor )

ENTJ( Field Marshal )

S N

T F T

I

E

P

J

J


Introversion vs. Extroversion

55%

45%

FÅP:

51%

49%

POP:

Introversion

Extroversion

[cf. wikipedia]


Sensing vs. iNtuition

Sensing

iNtuition

73%

27%

FÅP:

27%

73%

POP:

![cf. wikipedia]


Feeling vs. Thinking

Feeling

Thinking

42%

58%

FÅP:

40%

60%

POP:

[cf. wikipedia]


Judging vs. Perceiving

Judging

Perceiving

30%

70%

FÅP:

46%

54%

POP:

[cf. wikipedia]


Artisans / Crafters (SP)

Sensing Perceivers: Fun-loving, optimistic, focused on present Daring, unconventional, bold, impulsive, and

spontaneous. Want recognition and seek attention Entertainers

85%

15%

FÅP:

73%

27%

POP: !

[cf. wikipedia]


Idealists / Catalysts (NF)

iNtuitive Feelers: Enthusiastic, trust their intuition, seek their true self,

prize meaningful relationships Kindhearted and authentic, dislike conflict Giving, trusting, spiritual Passionately concerned with personal growth & ethics Mentors and advocates

64%

36%

FÅP:

84%

16%

POP: !

[cf. wikipedia]


Guardians / Stabilizers (SJ)

Sensing Judgers: Dependable, loyal, helpful, hard-working Follow rules, trust authority, and cooperate with others Prefer structure and order, and focus on credentials

and traditions Stabilizing leaders Administrators

76%

24%

FÅP:

54%

46%

POP: !

[cf. wikipedia]


Rationals / Strategists (NT)

iNtuitive Thinkers: Inventors, coordinators, and competent planners Trust logic, independent, and strong willed Outspoken, don’t care about political correctness Skeptical of others, confident of themselves Yearn for achievement, want to understand how the

world works Strategic leaders

64%

36%

FÅP:

90%

10%

POP: !

[cf. wikipedia]


Group Formation

Homogenous: 1n = 1 :)

Heterogenous: Innovation && Structure Plan && Implementation Action && Thought User- && Technical-focus

“More inputs"

Diversity: “more inputs"

…


Considerations (Group Formation)

Considerations; e.g.: a) Balance Introverts and Extroverts:

Too many intros few discussions / limited exchange Too many extros Blah blah blah…

b) Avoid ”strategist-strategist” clashes: More likely to ”clash”

c) Balance heterogeneously wrt. ”MBTI” and ”VARK” Many different inputs

d) Avoid ”old group mates” in same group Learn to work with ”new people” Avoid sub-groups (aka, cliques)


Peer Assessment

Advice for you(r group)


Peer Assessment Questions

Answer all eight questions for each person (going around the table):

Give opportunity to air problems Give feedback on how others perceive you(r behavior)

In meetings, have I: 1. Dominated the meetings 2. Come unprepared 3. Not participated actively


Peer Assessment Q. (cont’d)

My workload, have I: 4. Carried my load fairly & w/ quality 5. Taken over other members’ tasks

without being asked

In communicating, have I: 6. Really listened to others 7. Shared info needed by team 8. Responded to emails promptly


Technology Adoption and Diffusion Theory

”Tech people” vs. General population


Diffusion Theory: Technology Adoption

Tech Adoption: Diffusion Theory:

Roger's Diffusion Theory

0

3%

14%

34% 34%

16%

Innovator EarlyAdopter

EarlyMajority

LateMajority

Laggards

S-Curve of adoption

0

20

40

60

80

100

Time

% u

se

rs


”Innovators” (aka. Pioneers)

Innovators (Pioneers): Like adventure Seek the new Daring Risk-taker Can cope with failure Spends time alone or

other innovators


0

3%

14%

34% 34%

16%


EarlyMajority

LateMajority

Laggards


”Early Adopters”

Early Adopters: Part of local social system Opinion is valued Systematic decisions

on innovations Reasonable risk tolerance


0

3%

14%

34% 34%

16%


EarlyMajority

LateMajority

Laggards


”Early Majority”

Early Majority: Frequently interact with peers Rarely opinion leader, but will follow Need some

encouragement (perceived usefulness)

Moderate risk tolerance (assumes safer in large numbers)


0

3%

14%

34% 34%

16%


EarlyMajority

LateMajority

Laggards


”Late Majority”

Late Majority: Skeptical of anything new Needs peer pressure and

economic incentive to adopt (perceived value)

Does not like any risk


0

3%

14%

34% 34%

16%


EarlyMajority

LateMajority

Laggards


”Non Adopters”

Non Adopters: Will not adopt unless mandated Will give all kinds of excuses

to defend staying with old Traditionalist; prefers to

interact with other traditionalists


0

3%

14%

34% 34%

16%


EarlyMajority

LateMajority

Laggards


Population vs. ”Tech People”


0

3%

14%

34% 34%

16%


EarlyMajority

LateMajority

Laggards


0%

25%

50%


EarlyMajority

LateMajority

Laggards

General Population

Tech People


Implications (for IT people)

Sandra’s conclusions (for IT people): IT cannot:

Solve problems for users, if developers cannot see things from other viewpoints (dissociate from own perspective)

Expect everyone to be as logical and structured

IT teams need: Team training (BPRO :-) More practice on communication (BPRO :-) Extra support, not extra control More clarity on expectations (and fewer assumptions)


The Groups are…


Tobias

White

Christian H. Martina Stina


SørenJonas

Yellow

Oddfridur Vincens


Orange

Casper F. F. LasseKasper V. Samuel


Red

Casper V. Marco Morten Nikolas


Green

Benjamin Jeppe Simon Thomas


Blue

Joachim Kasper N. Martin Niclas


Brown

Hjalte Lise Loa Nick


Black

Anders Christian P. N. Kenneth Michael Tim


Conflict Behavior Patterns

Conflict behavior patterns:

group formation

Documents