Groundwater temperature trends in a if porous aquifer:

A difficult parameter in climate change research?

Martin KRALIK University of Vienna and Environment Agency Austria, Vienna

OUTLINE1) Objectives of the European “Alp Water Scarce” ETC-

programp g

2) Difficulties to obtain long records of “good” groundwater temperature measurementstemperature measurements.

3) Porous Groundwater body “Leibnitzer Feld” and their long ) y gterm records of groundwater temperature measurements

4) Oxygen isotope measuremnts of groundwater and their4) Oxygen isotope measuremnts of groundwater and their link to temperature changes.

5) Conclusions

Alp-Water-ScarceAlp Water Scarce

Content & objectives

The long term aim is to reinforce authorities & stakeholders to develop integrated & sustainable water management and to suggest socio-economic

d t ti & iti ti t t i i t t itadaptation & mitigation strategies against water scarcity.

On the short term, an early warning system against water shortage in theAlps ill be based on an operational methodolog ith strong stakeholderAlps will be based on an operational methodology with strong stakeholderparticipation taking into account present and future zones as well as time periodsof water scarcity.

• Finally, an early warning system against water shortage will be developed andtested in pilot regions, strongly supported by the stakeholder interaction forum. Thiswill form the operational basis for suggestions for water management strategieswill form the operational basis for suggestions for water management strategies.

www.alpwaterscarce.eu/

Setups for common temperature measurements

• “In situ” measurements in bore holes

Influence of atmospheric circulation– Influence of atmospheric circulation

– Mixing of different groundwater current

• Pumping of groundwater and measurements on surface

– Warming by pump

Mixture or preferential groundwater flow– Mixture or preferential groundwater-flow over filtered bore-hole depth

LEIBNITZER FELD 2009

08.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5

WATER TEMPERATURE Ctop ground surface

5

WATER TEMPERATURE Ctop ground surface

water table

10 )10

EPTH

(m

15 DE

20

14.01.1997 25.02.1997 20.05.1997 17.06.1997 12.08.1997 04.11.1997 02.12.1997

25WEYERMAYR (2006) EM4 1997

07.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 12.5 13.5 14.5 15.5

t d f WATER TEMPERATURE Ctop ground surface

5

water table

TH (m

)

T t

10

DEP

T Temperature after pumping

Temperature log

bottom of borehole

15

24.06.2009 25.08.2009 27.10.2009 02.12.2009 02.02.2010 06.04.2010 25.06.2010

R² = 0,4917

140

160

7,5

8

RheibachquelleKK60308012

Problems with interpreting groundwater – 14

80

100

120

6,5

7temperatures

R² 0 0144

325

375

425

475

8

9

10

11

12

13 HöhenhanslquelleKK60741092

R² = 0,0921

20

40

60

5,5

6

R² = 0,0144

R² = 0,0405125

175

225

275

2

3

4

5

6

7

0501.01.92 01.01.96 01.01.00 01.01.04 01.01.08

temperature °Cconductivity (25°C) µS/cm

25

75

0

1

01.01.92 01.01.96 01.01.00 01.01.04 01.01.08

temperature °Cconductivity (25°C) µS/cm

Unsuitable temperature Partly unsuitable temperature measurements p

measurements

CORINE (2000)

J. Fank 1993 W t 2010J a 993 Wenter, 2010 – nach Fank, 1993

H2O-Fachdatenbank, 2009

LYSIMETER STATIONWAGNA, LEIBNITZER FELD

Groundwater – Temperatures Leibnitzer Feld

13

14,5

Tillmitsch 7.75m ann. mean Br311480

Untergralla 4 3m ann mean Bl311548

12,5

13,5 Untergralla 4.3m ann. mean Bl311548

Hasendorf 3.0m ann. mean Bl310920

Untergralla 6.8m ann. mean Bl 311522

RAT

URE

°C

11,5

Air temperature Graz University

Air temperature Wagna Lysimeter Station

ER T

EMPE

R

10,5 WAT

E

8 5

9,5

8,501.01.1971 31.12.1973 31.12.1976 01.01.1980 01.01.1983 31.12.1985 31.12.1988 01.01.1992 01.01.1995 31.12.1997 31.12.2000 01.01.2004 01.01.2007

Groundwater – Temperatures Leibnitzer Feld

13,5

14,5Tillmitsch 7.75m ann. mean Br311480

Leibnitz 4.76m ann. Mean Blt 336446

C

12,5

,Untergralla 4.3m ann. mean Bl311548

Hasendorf 3.0m ann. mean Bl310920

Untergralla 6.8m ann. mean Bl 311522ERAT

URE

°C

11,5Air temperature Graz University

Air temperature Wagna Lysimeter Station

TER

TEM

PE

10,5 WAT

8,5

9,5

01.01.1971 31.12.1973 31.12.1976 01.01.1980 01.01.1983 31.12.1985 31.12.1988 01.01.1992 01.01.1995 31.12.1997 31.12.2000 01.01.2004 01.01.2007

Groundwater – Temperatures Leibnitzer Feld

13 5

14,5Tillmitsch 7.75m ann. mean Br311480

Leibnitz 4.76m ann. Mean Blt 336446

C

12,5

13,5Untergralla 4.3m ann. mean Bl311548

Hasendorf 3.0m ann. mean Bl310920

Untergralla 6.8m ann. mean Bl 311522

ERAT

URE

°C

„Pumped groundwater“

11,5

Mean pumping data 1992 - 2008

Air temperature Graz University

Air temperature Wagna Lysimeter Station

TER

TEM

PE

10,5 WAT

8,5

9,5

,01.01.1971 31.12.1973 31.12.1976 01.01.1980 01.01.1983 31.12.1985 31.12.1988 01.01.1992 01.01.1995 31.12.1997 31.12.2000 01.01.2004 01.01.2007

Nr.: IN70000064 Patscherkofel2245m Tirol

ANIP: Austrian Network of Isotopes in Precipitation

18

50 stations

18

-801.01.1965 01.01.1969 01.01.1973 01.01.1977 01.01.1981 01.01.1985 01.01.1989 01.01.1993 01.01.1997 01.01.2001

-9

-10 XYG

EN-1

8 M

OW

)

10

DEL

TA O

X(V

SM

-11WIEN Hohe Warte IN90000109 209 m

GRAZ Universität IN60000017 366 m

NASSWALD IN30000084 774 m

-12

NASSWALD IN30000084 774 m

KARLGRABEN IN60000083 775 m

WILDALPEN IN60000080 610 m

MUR / Spielberg IO60000016 TIME M. Kralik

-4

-301.01.1996 31.12.1996 31.12.1997 31.12.1998 01.01.2000 31.12.2000 31.12.2001 31.12.2002 01.01.2004 31.12.2004 31.12.2005 31.12.2006 01.01.2008 31.12.2008 31.12.2009

-7

-6

-5TIME

-10

-9

-8

7

weighted mean of precipitation

13

-12

-11

-10

-15

-14

-13

18

-18

-17

-16

OXY

GEN

-1

monatl. Niederschlag Graz

-21

-20

-19

DEL

TA O

Leibnitzer Feld - Groundwater

Mur monatl. Proben

-4

-301.01.1996 31.12.1996 31.12.1997 31.12.1998 01.01.2000 31.12.2000 31.12.2001 31.12.2002 01.01.2004 31.12.2004 31.12.2005 31.12.2006 01.01.2008 31.12.2008 31.12.2009

-7

-6

-5TIME

-10

-9

-8

7

13

-12

-11

-10

-15

-14

-13

GEN

-18

-18

-17

-16

ELTA

OXY

G

monatl. Niederschlag Graz

-21

-20

-19 DE Leibnitzer Feld - Groundwater

Mur monatl. Proben

Groundwater Wagna Lys. Station

Linear (Groundwater Wagna Lys. Station)

-501.01.1996 31.12.1996 31.12.1997 31.12.1998 01.01.2000 31.12.2000 31.12.2001 31.12.2002 01.01.2004 31.12.2004 31.12.2005 31.12.2006 01.01.2008 31.12.2008 31.12.2009

-6 ZEIT

-7 monatl. Niederschlag Graz

Leibnitzer Feld - Groundwater

Mur monatl. Proben

Groundwater Wagna Lys. Station

-8

g y

Linear (Groundwater Wagna Lys. Station)

10

-9

OFF

-18

-11

-10

SAU

ERST

O

-12

DEL

TA S

CONCLUSIONS• Good and long term groundwater temperatures are

difficult to obtain

Influenced by:

• Measuring site; bore-hole measurements; pumping; depth to top ground surface; surface temperature; velocity of groundwater recharge; land use in recharge area; timegroundwater recharge; land use in recharge area; time-span of measurements

• 95% of water temperature measurements in the porous groundwater body “Leibnitzer Feld” increase by 0.5-1.0°C b t 1992 2008 d t d i di tC between 1992-2008 and two records indicate an increase of 1.0-1.5° C between 1971-2008 .

CONCLUSIONS 2• Oxygen isotope measurements of groundwater indicate a

change of 0.5-1.0 per mil, which can be caused by an air g p , ytemperature change of 1-2° C.

Thank you!Thank you!THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!martin.kralik@umweltbundesamt.at

Thank for data:Austrian Hydrological SurveyJoanneum Research: J. Fank