GroundwaterGroundwater

Chapters 9 & 10Chapters 9 & 10

Water CycleWater Cycle

Water CycleWater Cycle

• Runoff Runoff Water flowing down slope along Water flowing down slope along earth’s surfaceearth’s surface

• Streams / RiversStreams / Rivers• Evaporation – water changing from a liquid to Evaporation – water changing from a liquid to

a gasa gas• Transpiration – water vapor given off by Transpiration – water vapor given off by

plantsplants• Ground Water – feeds to oceansGround Water – feeds to oceans• Condensation – water vapor Condensation – water vapor clouds clouds• Precipitation – clouds Precipitation – clouds rain/snow rain/snow

Stream Velocity & Carrying Stream Velocity & Carrying CapacityCapacity

• Discharge – Volume of water that flows Discharge – Volume of water that flows past a point at a given time.past a point at a given time.– Discharge Discharge (m(m33/s)/s) = width = width(m)(m) x depth x depth(m)(m) x x

velocityvelocity(m/s)(m/s)

FloodingFlooding

• Floodplain – broad Floodplain – broad area extends out area extends out from stream, floodsfrom stream, floods

• Flood – water spills Flood – water spills over banksover banks

Formation of StreamFormation of Stream

• V-shape – early stream, fast movingV-shape – early stream, fast moving

• Meandering – wider channelMeandering – wider channel– Oxbow lakes – cut off mainstreamOxbow lakes – cut off mainstream

• Delta – Triangle shape at the end of Delta – Triangle shape at the end of riverriver

HydrosphereHydrosphere

• Water in and on the earth’s surfaceWater in and on the earth’s surface– 97% in oceans97% in oceans– 3% fresh water3% fresh water

•90% in glaciers & ice caps90% in glaciers & ice caps

Groundwater StorageGroundwater Storage

• Infiltration – rainwater Infiltration – rainwater filters through groundfilters through ground

• Porosity – sandstone Porosity – sandstone acts as a filteracts as a filter

• Zone of saturation – Zone of saturation – area of ground that is area of ground that is full of waterfull of water

• Aquifer – layer of earth Aquifer – layer of earth that holds waterthat holds water

WellsWells

• Wells – drilled into Wells – drilled into water tablewater table

• Artesian well – Artesian well – pressurized well pressurized well caused by large caused by large volumes of water volumes of water flowing off flowing off mountainsmountains