ground zero ecommerce system analysis (2008)


2/21

Qbi`n mj Lmkqnkq|

Qnbh Igmeybpcw+++++

B|(g| AJA Lmkqnsq Agbeybh++++++++++:

B|(g| AJA @nzn` ? Agbeybh++++++++++ 5

B|(g| NYA Agbeybh++++++++3

^|n Lb|n Mkn6 \n``gke _ymln||++++++7

^|n Lb|n Qum6 Ynkqb` _ymln||++++++ 2?

Jmyhb` \w|qnh Ynr~n|q+++++ 22

Jnb|gig`gqw Bkb`w|g|++++29

_ympm|na \w|qnh++++2

Qm(in NYA Agbeybh++ 2:

Lmkl`~|gmk+ 25

Bppnkags B6 Nlmkmhgl Jnb|gig`gqw Umyd|cnnq+ 23

9


3/21

Qnbh Igmeybpcw

B|cg|c E~y~ke, IIB

B|cg|c g| b qcgya wnby IIB |q~ankq ugqc b hgkmy gk Gkqnyblqgzn Byq| *

Qnlckm`mew+ B| b Hbkbenhnkq * Qnlckm`mew bka Nkqynpynkn~y|cgp |q~ankq,B|cg|c cb| anzn`mpna |dg``| gk pymfnlq hbkbenhnkq bka lmk|~`qgke+ Jmy qcg|pymfnlq, B|cg|c ub| yn|pmk|gi`n jmy |w|qnh ynr~n|q, pymfnlq pympm|b`,myebkgvbqgmkb` jnb|gig`gqw bka qnlckglb` jnb|gig`gqw+ B|cg|c |qbyqna qcn gkgqgb`lmkqblq inqunnk qcn qnbh bka gq| l`gnkq bka cb| lmkqygi~qna hbkw qcm~ecq|

bka ganb| gk qcn anzn`mphnkq mj qcn |w|qnh+

Ug`|mk Dubk, IIB

Ug`|mk g| b qcgya wnby IIB |q~ankq lmklnkqybqgke gk Bllm~kqgke bka HG\+

Ug`|mk g| yn|pmk|gi`n jmy lynbqgke qcn Lmkqnsq bka @nzn` ? B\(G\ AJA|bka b`|m qcn NYA agbeybh| jmy imqc qcn B\(G\ bka QM(IN \w|qnh+J~yqcnyhmyn, Ug`|mk |nyzna b| qcn hbgk lmkqblq pny|mk inqunnk qcn qnbh bkaL`gnkq+ Cn pymzgana cg| lmhh~kglbqgmk |dg``| bka bkb`wqglb` |dg``| |m qcbq cnlm~`a lmhh~kglbqn ugqc qcn l`gnkq a~ygke jbln qm jbln, nhbg` bka pcmkn

lmkzny|bqgmk| qm ebqcny gkjmyhbqgmk bka lmmyagkbqn hnnqgke|+

Zgzgnk @m, IIB

Zgzgnk g| b qcgya wnby IIB |q~ankq|, lmklnkqybqgmk gk Hbkbenhnkq mj

Qnlckm`mew, b`|m hgkmygke gk Gkqnyblqgzn Byq| bka Qnlckm`mew+ Cnyyn|pmk|gig`gqgn| jmy qcg| |w|qnh| bkb`w|g|-an|gek pymfnlq unyn qm uygqn ban|lygpqgmk mj Eym~ka Vnym Zganm%| l~yynkq i~|gkn|| |w|qnh, umydgke ugqcUg`|mk Dubk qm pyma~ln qcn abqb j`mu agbeybh| jmy qcn l~yynkq |w|qnh,pyma~lqgmk mj qcn abqb j`mu agbeybh| jmy m~y pympm|na n(i~|gkn|| |w|qnh jmy

Eym~ka Vnym, bka cn`pgke qcn qnbh anqnyhgkn qcn qnlckglb` bka j~klqgmkb` ynr~gynhnkq| mj qcnpympm|na |w|qnh+ Qcn lygqglb` |dg``| qcbq Zgzgnk pymzgana unyn cny bkb`w|g| bka an|gek |dg``|+

Cnhbk Umke, IIB

Cnhbk g| gk cg| jm~yqc bka jgkb` wnby gk \J^ lmklnkqybqgke gk Bllm~kqgke bkaJgkbkln+ Ib|na mk cg| ibldeym~ka, Cnhbk pymzgana cg| pymi`nh |m`zgke|dg` | a~ygke m~y bkb`w|g|+ Cnhbk bkb`wvna qcn b|(g| |w|qnh bka pyma~lna 9B\(G\ ~|n lb|n jmy qcn |n` gke bka ynkqb` qybk|blqgmk|+ Cnhbk g| b`|myn|pmk|gi`n jmy `mmdgke bq qcn jgkbklgb`| bka enknybqgke qcn nlmkmhgljnb|gig`gqw jmy > wnby|+ Cnhbk ub| pbyq mj qcn gkgqgb` hnnqgke ugqc m~y l`gnkq

qm n|qbi`g|c b yn`bqgmk|cgp+ Gk baagqgmk, cn b`|m b||g|qna cg| qnbh hnhiny| gk nagqgke qcn AJA|bka pymmj ynbagke NYA|+


4/21

Nsnl~qgzn \~hhbyw

R~ba Lmk|~`qgke g| umydgke ugqc Eym~ka Vnym Zganm jmy qcn pnygma mj Fbk~byw qm Bpyg` 9??3+Qcn qnbh g| yn|pmk|gi`n jmy qcn an`gznyw mj b anqbg`na bkb`w|g| bka b p`bk mj ghp`nhnkqbqgmk jmybk mk`gkn |b`n| |w|qnh+

Eym~ka Vnym Zganm g| b jbhg`w(mukna lmhpbkw `mlbqna gk amukqmuk \~yynw, IL+ Qcn lmhpbkwynkq| gqnh| |~lc b| AZA|, ZC\ bka zganm ebhn| jmy h~`qgp`n p`bqjmyh|+ Eym~ka Vnym |n``|gqnh| |~lc b| AZA|, ZC\, Zganm Ebhn|, Blln||mygn| bka lmk|m`n|+

Mzny 5?. mj Eym~ka Vnym| ynznk~n g| lmhpyg|na mj qcngy |b`n|+ Qcnw l~yynkq`w ~|n QZ@ YbpgaYnkqb` b| qcngy pmgkq(mj(|b`n |w|qnh+ Qcnw |lbk pyma~lq| qcym~ec qcn lm~kqny qm hbdn bqybk|blqgmk bka ynlmya gq gk qcn gkznkqmyw abqbib|n+ Qcn lmhpbkw cm|q| qcngy gkznkqmyw abqbib|nmk mkn mj qcngy qcynn an|dqmp lmhp~qny|+ Lmk|~hny| byn b``muna qm ynkq gqnh| jymh qcn |qmyn mk`wgj qcnw cbzn |gekna ~p jmy b hnhiny|cgp, i~q bkw gkagzga~b` g| b``muna qm i~w bk gqnh+ L~yynkq`w,lmk|~hny| ug`` cbzn qm lb`` gk qcn |qmyn miqbgk gkjmyhbqgmk |~lc b| pyma~lq bzbg`big`gqw+

Qcn lmhpbkw ubkq| qm |qbyq bk mk`gkn pyn|nkln bka inegk |n``gke qcngy pyma~lq| mk`gkn+ R~baLmk|~`qgke cb| ynlmhhnkana qcn ghp`nhnkqbqgmk mj b uni|gqn ugqc mk`gkn cm|qgke mj abqb |~lcb| gkznkqmyw abqbib|n bka hnhiny abqbib|n+ Qcn mk`gkn cm|qgke ug`` |~ppmyq qcn ibkaugaqc mjqcngy qybk|blqgmk|+ Qcn pyghbyw j~klqgmk| mj qcn mk`gkn |w|qnh um~`a in gq| big`gqw qm |n`` pyma~lq|bka pymzgan pyma~lq gkjmyhbqgmk+ Mqcny jnbq~yn| gkl`~an bk n(knu|`nqqny, gqnh ynzgnu| bkalmhpbkw i`me+

Qcn myebkgvbqgmk lbyygn| b `mu yg|d ugqc qcn pympm|na pymfnlq+ Qcn pympm|na |w|qnh |qymke`wb`gek| ugqc qcn myebkgvbqgmk| emb`|+ Qcn|n emb`| gkl`~an bk gklynb|n gk |b`n| b| un`` b| |qymkel~|qmhny `mwb`qw+ Lmk|~hny| mj qcn ynqbg`ny byn bkqglgpbqna qm bppynlgbqn qcn lcmgln mj ingke bi`n

qm i~w pyma~lq| mk`gkn+

1


5/21

L~yynkq \w|qnh

Eym~ka Vnym Zganm%| b|(g| gkjmyhbqgmk |w|qnh lmkqbgk| b knqumyd mj < an|dqmp lmhp~qny| qcbq

cbka`n qcn ynlmyagke mj qybk|blqgmk| b| un`` b| gkznkqmyw(yn`bqna pymln||n|+ Ynkqb`| bka |b`n| byn

lmka~lqna zgb gq| pmgkq(mj(|b`n |mjqubyn pbldben #lb``na QZ@ Ybpga Ynkqb`', ucglc b``mu| qcn

|qbjj qm |lbk imyymuny|% hnhiny|cgp lbya| qm lmkjgyh hnhiny|cgp |qbq~|, bka p~`` pyma~lq

gkjmyhbqgmk jymh qcn gkznkqmyw abqbib|n iw |lbkkgke ibylman| mk gqnh|+ Qcn qcynn lmhp~qny|

byn yn|pmk|gi`n jmy |qmygke b`` qcn |qmyn gkjmyhbqgmk gkl`~agke gq| gkznkqmyw bka hnhiny|cgp

abqbib|n|+ _bwhnkq jmy p~ylcb|n| bka my ynkqb`| g| lm``nlqna gk qcn jmyh mj lb|c-lynagq-anigq+ Gk

qcn lb|n mj lynagq-anigq qybk|blqgmk|, qcn |w|qnh ynr~n|q| pbwhnkq lmkjgyhbqgmk jymh nsqnykb`

lynagq i~ynb~| my ibkd|+ ^pmk lmkjgyhbqgmk, qcn |b`n my ynkqb` gkzmgln g| ynlmyana gk b

qybk|blqgmk| abqbib|n, bka b ynlngpq g| pygkqna jmy qcn l~|qmhny+ Gk qcn lb|n mj b ynkqb`, qcn ynlngpq

b`|m |nyzn| b| b ynhgkany mj qcn ynkqb`%| a~n abqn+

Gk qcn b|(g| |w|qnh, mk`w ynkqgke l~|qmhny| byn ynr~gyna qm cbzn hnhiny|cgp|, b| gkjmyhbqgmk|~lc b| qcngy kbhn| bka lmkqblq anqbg`| byn knln||byw qm nkbi`n |qmyn |qbjj qm lmkqblq imyymuny| gj

qcnyn byn bkw g||~n|+ B l~|qmhny ucm ug|cn| qm ynkq i~q g| kmq l~yynkq`w b yneg|qnyna hnhiny mj

Eym~ka Vnym Zganm um~à in ynr~gyna qm jg`` m~q b jmyh ugqc kbhn bka lmkqblq gkjmyhbqgmk |~lc

b| pcmkn k~hiny bka n(hbg` baayn|| injmyn cn-|cn g| b``muna qm lcnld(m~q bkw gqnh|+ Qcn |qmyn

g| b`|m gk qcn i~|gkn|| mj |n``gke knu bka ~|na zganmebhn|, blln||mygn| bka jg`h| gk zbygm~|

jmyhbq|+ Gq g| l~yynkq`w kmq knln||byw qm lm``nlq bka hbgkqbgk gkjmyhbqgmk jymh l~|qmhny| ucm

i~w hnylcbkag|n qm muk+ _nmp`n ucm um~à `gdn qm ynr~n|q gkznkqmyw gkjmyhbqgmk jmy |pnlgjgl

gqnh| um~à ngqcny cbzn qm b|d gk(pny|mk bq qcn |qmyn, my hbdn b qn`npcmkn lb`` qm qcn |qmyn+ \b`n|

qm kmk(`mlb` l~|qmhny| byn l~yynkq`w amkn mzny qcn pcmkn, bka qcn myany| byn ngqcny pgldna ~p bq

qcn |qmyn my |cgppna iw hbg` qm qcn l~|qmhny|+

Qcn mukny| mj Eym~ka Vnym |qbyqna qcngy i~|gkn|| bim~q < wnby| bem, bka b| mj kmu qcnw byn |qg``

gk qcn pymln|| mj iynbdgke nznk qm qcngy gkgqgb` gkzn|qhnkq+ Nznk qcm~ec qcn |qmyn pynhg|n| g|

`mlbqna gk b lnkqyb` `mlbqgmk gk \~yynw, gq| l~yynkq l~|qmhny ib|n g| |qg`` enknyb``w `ghgqna qm

gkcbigqbkq| mj qcn `mlb` bynb bka jygnka| mj qcn mukny| jbhg`w+ Gk qcn lmkqnsq mj gq| l~yynkq

i~|gkn|| pymln||n| bka qcn bhm~kq mj l~|qmhny| Eym~ka Vnym |nyzn|, qcn nsg|qgke pmgkq(mj(|b`n

|w|qnh bka cbyaubyn g| banr~bqn, i~q amn| kmq mjjny h~lc mppmyq~kgqw jmy ghpymznhnkq bka

nspbk|gmk+ B`|m, qcn i~|gkn|| amn| kmq l~yynkq`w cbzn bkw pymln||n| anzmqna qm pymhmqgmkb`

baznyqg|gke bka n|qbi`g|cgke b ybppmyq ugqc gq| l~|qmhny|+ Qcn mukny| mj qcn |qmyn pymjn||na qcbq

gq cb| innk b emb` mj qcngy| qm |nq ~p bk n(hbg` `g|q qcym~ec ucglc qcnw lbk kmqgjw |qmyn hnhiny|

mj pymhmqgmk| bka ynlmhhnkana pyma~lq|+

>


6/21

B|(g| AJA Lmkqnsq Agbeybh

:


7/21

B|(g| AJA @nzn` ? Agbeybh

5


8/21

B|(g| NYA Agbeybh

3


9/21

^|n Lb|n Mkn6 \n``gke _ymln||

^|n Lb|n Kbhn6 _ymln|| mj \n``gke Qybk|blqgmk GA K~hiny6 ]2]

\cmyq An|lygpqgmk6 Qcg| ~|n lb|n an|lygin| cmu b l~|qmhny p~ylcb|n| bk gqnh jymh Eym~ka Vnym

Qygeeny6 L~|qmhny| bppymblcn| qcn lm~kqny bka anlgan| qm p~ylcb|n bk gqnh+

Qwpn6 Nsqnykb` - Qnhpmyb`

Hbfmy Gkp~q|6

An|lygpqgmk \m~yln

_yma~lq Iby Lman L~|qmhny_bwhnkq Qwpn L~|qmhny _~ylcb|n _bwhnkq L~|qmhny

Hbfmy M~qp~q|6

An|lygpqgmk An|qgkbqgmk

_yma~lq Gkjmyhbqgmk \qmyn B||g|qbkq\b`n| Ynlngpq L~|qmhny ^pabqna Gkznkqmyw @g|q Gkznkqmyw Abqbib|n

Hbfmy \qnp| _nyjmyhna

2+ \lbk _yma~lq Iby Lman

9+ _bwhnkq jmy qcn _~ylcb|na _yma~lq


10/21

^|n Lb|n Qum6 Ynkqb` _ymln||

^|n Lb|n Kbhn6 _ymln|| mj Ynkqb` Qybk|blqgmk GA K~hiny6 ] 9 ]

\cmyq An|lygpqgmk6 Qcg| ~|n lb|n an|lygin| cmu b l~|qmhny ynkq| m~q bk gqnh jymh Eym~ka Vnym

Qygeeny6 L~|qmhny| bppymblcn| qcn lm~kqny bka anlgan| qm ynkq bk gqnh

Qwpn6 Nsqnykb` - Qnhpmyb`

Hbfmy Gkp~q|6

An|lygpqgmk \m~yln

_yma~lq Iby Lman L~|qmhnyL~|qmhny _cmkn K~hiny L~|qmhny L~|qmhny Kbhn L~|qmhny

L~|qmhny Baayn|| L~|qmhny L~|qmhny Nhbg` L~|qmhny _bwhnkq Qwpn L~|qmhny Ynkqb` _bwhnkq L~|qmhny

Hbfmy M~qp~q|6

An|lygpqgmk An|qgkbqgmk

_yma~lq R~bkqgqw Bhm~kq \qmyn B||g|qbkq_yma~lq Gkjmyhbqgmk \qmyn B||g|qbkqYnkqb` A~n Abqn L~|qmhny

Ynkqb` Ynlngpq L~|qmhny^pabqna Gkznkqmyw @g|q Gkznkqmyw Abqbib|n

2?


12/21

Jmyhb` \w|qnh Ynr~n|q

Eym~ka Vnym Zganm

_ymfnlq \pmk|my6 Qbkw|cb Ymigk|mk, Mpnybqgmk| Hbkbeny

Amhgkgl Ymigk|mk, Mpnybqgmk| Hbkbeny

I~|gkn|| Knna6

Eym~ka Vnym cb| km mk`gkn pyn|nkln bq qcn hmhnkq+ Qcn lmhpbkw b`|m mjjny| ~kgr~n pyma~lq|qcbq bqqyblq l~|qmhny| blym|| Iygqg|c Lm`~higb+ Qcn pymfnlq ug`` baayn|| qcn lmhpbkw| `bld mjmk`gkn pyn|nkln b| un`` b| gq| gkbig`gqw qm |n`` pyma~lq| mk`gkn+ Qcn |w|qnh ug`` lmmyagkbqninqunnk qcn lmhpbkw| gkznkqmyw hbkbenhnkq |w|qnh b| un`` b| gq| |b`n| |w|qnh+

I~|gkn|| Ynr~gynhnkq|6

^|ny| mj qcn |w|qnh |cm~à in bi`n qm i~w pyma~lq| qcym~ec qcn gkqnyknq, baa qcnh|n`zn| qm bhbg`gke `g|q, baa pyma~lq ynzgnu, bka `nbyk bim~q pymhmqgmk| bka anb`|+ Qcn lmhpbkw ug`` b`|m

ubkq qm |qbyq bk baagqgmkb` lmhpbkw i`me jnbq~yn+

Qcn pyghbyw j~klqgmk mj qcn |w|qnh um~à in gq| big`gqw qm cn`p l~|qmhny| p~ylcb|n qcngy pyma~lq|mk`gkn+ Qcn |w|qnh um~à ag|p`bw gkjmyhbqgmk |~lc b| pyma~lq gkjmyhbqgmk, pyma~lq r~bkqgqw bkapygln|+ Qcn qybk|blqgmk pymln|| um~à gkl`~an bk bll~ybqn pyglgke mj qcn pyma~lq #gkl`~agke|cgppgke'+

Qcn uni|gqn ug`` ynr~gyn b hnhiny `megk j~klqgmk+ Hnhiny| um~à cbzn qcn big`gqw qm p~ylcb|npyma~lq|, b| un`` b| ynzgnu qcnh+ Qcn |w|qnh ug`` b`|m dnnp b ynlmya mj qcn l~|qmhny| pynzgm~|p~ylcb|n| bka pny|mkb` gkjmyhbqgmk gk myany qm pymhmqn yn`bqna pyma~lq|+

Qcn j~klqgmkb`gqw mj qcn |w|qnh gkl`~an| qcn jm``mugke6 _ymzgan bk gkqnyjbln ucnyn l~|qmhny| lbk i~w pyma~lq|

\qmyn L~|qmhny Gkjmyhbqgmk jmy p~ylcb|n| bka pynjnynkln|

L~|qmhny big`gqw qm uygqn ynzgnu|

Knu|`nqqny @g|q

Ag|p`bwgke pyma~lq gkjmyhbqgmk bka r~bkqgqw jmy imqc |b`n bka ynkqb` gqnh|

Ynlmhhnkabqgmk mj pyma~lq| b| hnhiny| kbzgebqn

Mk`gkn cm|qgke mj abqb

I~|gkn|| Zb`~n6

Un pynaglq qcbq Eym~ka Vnym ug`` gklynb|n gq| ynznk~n|, nspbka qcngy hbydnq |cbyn, anlynb|n

|cn`zgke lm|q| bka cbzn b hmyn `mwb` l~|qmhny ib|n+ Qcn |w|qnh ug`` pymzgan qghn`w bka ynb`(qghn gkjmyhbqgmk qm qcn lmhpbkw+ Qcn lmhpbkw ug`` in bi`n qm bkb`wvn gq| hnhiny ib|n, bkamk`gkn l~|qmhny p~ylcb|n gkjmyhbqgmk+ Qcn lmhpbkw ug`` b`|m in bi`n qm j~`jg`` `mke ag|qbklnl~|qmhny knna|+

\pnlgb` G||~n| my Lmk|qybgkq|6

\w|qnh Qybgkgke ug`` in ynr~gyna

29


14/21

_ympm|na\w|qnh

Qcn pympm|na pymfnlq jmy Eym~ka Vnym lcbken| qcn awkbhgl| bka gkqnyblqgmk| mj qcn l~yynkq|w|qnh+ Qcn pymfnlq ug`` mjjny hbkw knu baagqgmk| qm qcn l~yynkq |w|qnh |~lc b| mk`gkn cm|qgke+M~y bkb`w|g| bka ynlmhhnkabqgmk| byn jml~|na mk qcn mk`gkn |b`n| |w|qnh+

Qcn lmyn pymi`nh qcbq Eym~ka Vnym ubkq| qm baayn|| g| qcngy gkbig`gqw qm cbzn bk mk`gkn pyn|nkln+Qcn `bld mj mk`gkn pyn|nkln gkcgigq| qcngy l~|qmhny| jymh i~wgke pyma~lq| mjj qcngy uni|gqn b|un`` b| jgkagke hmyn gkjmyhbqgmk bim~q qcn |qmyn+M~y ynlmhhnkana |w|qnh ug`` b``mu Eym~ka Vnym qm kmq mk`w |n`` gq| pyma~lq| mk`gkn, i~q b`|m qmpymzgan mk`gkn gkjmyhbqgmk |~lc b| |qmld r~bkqgqw, pyma~lq bzbg`big`gqw bka |pnlgb` anb`| bkaknu|+ Qcn |w|qnh ug`` b`|m b``mu gkqnykb` ~|ny| #lmhpbkw hbkbenhnkq' qm blln|| gq| gkznkqmywbka |qmld gkjmyhbqgmk qcym~ec bk mk`gkn |w|qnh+

Gk myany qm i~gà qcn |w|qnh, un ynlmhhnka qcbq Eym~ka Vnym cbzn b |nyzny qcbq g| cm|qna mjj(|gqn+ Qcg| mk`gkn |nyzgln lm~à in pymzgana qcym~ec lmhpbkgn| |~lc b| _nny2 cm|qgke+ Qcg| mk`gkn|nyzny um~à j~klqgmk qm pymzgan gkjmyhbqgmk qm qcn nhp`mwnn| gk(|qmyn, b| un`` b| lmk|~hny|mk`gkn+ Qcn l~yynkq |w|qnh bq Eym~ka Vnym gkaglbqn| ucglc pyma~lq| byn jmy |b`n my jmy ynkq+ Qcg||npbybqgmk g| ly~lgb` inlb~|n qcn mk`gkn p`bqjmyh ug`` mk`w cbzn qybk|blqgmk| jmy gqnh| qcbq byn mk|b`n+ Qcn uni|gqn ug`` in bk ghpmyqbkq lmhpmknkq b| bk baagqgmkb` hnqcma mj ag|qygi~qgmk+

Inlb~|n hm|q mj qcn gkznkqmyw bka hnhiny abqb ug`` in |qmyna mk`gkn, un cbzn ynlmhhnkanaqcbq Eym~ka Vnym cbzn gk(|qmyn abqb |qmyben b| un``+ Qcg| lm~à in blcgnzna ugqc qcngy nsg|qgke|qmyben lbpbig`gqgn|+

Gk baagqgmk, qcn uni|gqn ug`` ag|p`bw gkjmyhbqgmk ynebyagke qcn |qmyn, bka n|pnlgb``w qcnbzbg`big`gqw mj gq| ynkqb` bka |b`n gqnh|+ Qcg| g| lmhp`nqn`w agjjnynkq jymh gq| l~yynkq |w|qnh4 qcnl~yynkq |w|qnh um~à ynr~gyn gq| l~|qmhny| qm lb`` gk qcn |qmyn qm lcnld qcn bzbg`bi`n mj imqc gq|ynkqb` bka |b`n gqnh|+

Baagqgmkb` jnbq~yn| mj qcn uni|gqn gkl`~an b knu|`nqqny `g|q, b lmhpbkw i`me b| un`` b| l~|qmhnyynzgnu| jmy gqnh|+ _yma~lq| ug`` in ynzgnuna iw qcn lmk|~hny| mj qcn |qmyn b| b uygqn(~p my bybqgke+ Hnhiny| ug`` in bi`n qm |gek ~p mk qcn uni|gqn qm ynlngzn ~pabqn|, b| un`` b| pm|q ynzgnu|mk pyma~lq|+ Qcnw byn bi`n qm lmhhnkq mk qcn i`me| lynbqna iw qcn lmhpbkw+ Qcn|n hnhiny|ug`` b`|m in bi`n qm ynlngzn pymhmqgmkb` |b`n|+ Mk`gkn hnhiny| b| un`` b| gkagzga~b`| ucm |gek~p gk |qmyn ug`` in p`blna gk qcn |bhn abqbib|n+ Qcnyn byn km jnbq~yn| gk qcn l~yynkq |w|qnh qcbq

b``mu| hnhiny| qm mjjglgb``w pm|q ynzgnu mk hmzgn| b| un`` b| ynlngzn knu| bka ~pabqn| bim~qqcn myebkgvbqgmk+

M~y ynlmhhnkabqgmk| ug`` nspbka qcn l~yynkq |w|qnh qm bllmhhmabqn bk mk`gkn pyn|nkln b|un`` b| |neynebqgmk mj abqbib|n|+ Qcn lmhp~qny| ug`` kmq ynr~gyn bk ~peyban b| qcnw byn jbgy`wknu lmhp~qny|+ Eym~ka Vnym hbw lmkqgk~n qcngy ~|n ugqc QZ@ Ybpga Ynkqb` b| gq pymzgan| dnwjnbq~yn| bka |nyzgln| bka g| nb|g`w gkqneybqna ugqc qcn ynlmhhnkana |w|qnh+

21


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2>


16/21

Qm(in AJA Lmkqnsq Agbeybh

2:


17/21

Qm(in AJA @nzn` ? Agbeybh

25


18/21

Qm(in NYA Agbeybh

23


19/21

Lmkl`~|gmk

B| b jbhg`w(mpnybqna i~|gkn||, Eym~ka Vnym cb| |qymke hmqgzbqgmk qm eymu bka mpnybqnnjjglgnkq`w+ Gk qmabw| lmhpnqgqgzn umy`a, cbzgke bk mk`gkn pyn|nkln g| ly~lgb` qm b lmhpbkw|eymuqc bka |~yzgzb`+ _byq mj qcngy eymuqc gkl`~an| cbzgke bk mk`gkn pyn|nkln qcbq b``mu|

l~|qmhny| qm i~w pyma~lq| qcym~ec qcngy uni|gqn bka ghpymzn l~|qmhny yn`bqgmk|+

Qcn l~yynkq g||~n| bka knna| mj Eym~ka Vnym g| qcbq qcnw byn jblgke b `bld mj lmhh~kglbqgmkinqunnk qcngy l~|qmhny|+ Hmynmzny, qcnw ug|c qm iymbank qcngy l~yynkq hbydnq |cbyn qm ghpymznqcngy lmhpnqgqgzn naen bebgk|q `byeny lmhpnqgqgmk+ B`|m, qcnw ubkq qm gklynb|n qcn lmkznkgnklnjmy qcngy l~yynkq bka j~q~yn l~|qmhny| ucm hbw in m~q mj qcn pymsghgqw mj qcngy |qmyn+ @b|q`w, b| b|hb`` i~|gkn||, ynqbgkgke l~yynkq l~|qmhny ib|n g| bk ghpmyqbkq jblqmy qm qcn |~lln|| mj qcngyi~|gkn||4 qcnynjmyn, qcnw um~`a `gdn qm n|qbi`g|c |qymkeny yn`bqgmk|cgp| ugqc qcngy l~|qmhny|+

Qm qbld`n qcn|n l~yynkq g||~n| bka knna| mj Eym~ka Vnym m~y pympm|na |w|qnh ug`` jgy|q gkzm`znqcn ~|n mj b uni|gqn qcbq lbk in `gkdna ibld qm Eym~ka Vnym| l~yynkq _M\ \mjqubyn, QZ@ Ybpga

Ynkqb`+ Gk qcg| |w|qnh, b i`me jnbq~yn ug`` in ~|na iw hbkbenhnkq qm n|qbi`g|c bk gkqnyblqgznmk`gkn lmhh~kgqw ugqc qcngy hnhiny|+ J~yqcnyhmyn, ib|na mk gkagzga~b` l~|qmhny pynjnynkln|,Eym~ka Vnym ug`` nhbg` m~q unnd`w knu|`nqqny| qm gkjmyh qcngy hnhiny| mj knu yn`nb|n| bkal~yynkq pymhmqgmk|+ Qm gklynb|n l~|qmhny |bqg|jblqgmk, qcn uni |nyzny ug`` cbzn qcn big`gqw qmpymzgan `gzn ~pabqn| mk qcn l~yynkq gkznkqmyw mk cbka b| un`` b| ynlmhhnkagke |n`nlqgzn gqnh|qcbq hnnq nblc gkagzga~b` l~|qmhny| pynjnynkln|+ Iw amgke |m, qcg| ug`` cn`p hbdn gq nb|gny jmyl~|qmhny| qm |cmp mk`gkn bka jgka qcn pyma~lq qcbq |~gq| qcngy knna|+ Jgkb``w, Eym~ka Vnym ug``pymzgan l~|qmhny| ugqc qcn big`gqw qm pymzgan jnnaibld ugqc ynzgnu| bka ybqgke| mk lnyqbgkpyma~lq|+ Qcg| jnbq~yn ug`` hbdn qcn l~|qmhny| ynb`gvn qcbq qcngy mpgkgmk| byn ghpmyqbkq qmEym~ka Vnym bka b`|m gklynb|n qcn lmkjgankln mj mqcny l~|qmhny| ucm byn `mmdgke qm i~w qcn|bhn pyma~lq+

Qcn pympm|na |w|qnh ug`` pymzn qm |gekgjglbkq`w lmkqygi~qn qm qcn j~q~yn |~lln|| mj Eym~ka Vnym+B| b `mu yg|d pymfnlq, qcn |w|qnh ug`` nkbi`n qcn lmhpbkw qm nspbka qm knu hbydnq| bka lynbqn bknu ag|qygi~qgmk lcbkkn`+ Gq ug`` cn`p Eym~ka Vnym inqqny ~kany|qbka gq| l~|qmhny| bka babpq qmqcngy l~|qmhny| knna|+ Qcg| |w|qnh ug`` cbzn qcn pmqnkqgb` qm p`bw b |qymke ym`n gk qcn eymuqc mjEym~ka Vnym+

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20/21

B__NKAGS B6 NLMKMHGL JNB\GIG@GQW UMYD\CNNQ

9?


21/21

B||~hpqgm

&B`` gk Bkk~

YNZNK^NYnznk~n 6jy

92

ground zero ecommerce system analysis (2008)

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