grid scale energy storage - harvard university dec...recent developments:recent developments: 4 x...
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Grid Scale Energy Storage------
Applications & Technologies
IMRE GYUK, PROGRAM MANAGERENERGY STORAGE RESEARCH, DOEENERGY STORAGE RESEARCH, DOE
Harv 12 – 11 - 09
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Energy Storage provides Energy
when it is neededwhen it is needed
j t T i i id Ejust as Transmission provides Energy
where it is needed
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The U.S. Electric GridA Technological Marvel!A Technological Marvel!
An Unbuffered, Stressed Complex System is inherently Vulnerable to Collapse
Aug. 14, 2003An Increasing Reliability Threat!
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St d D li d EStored vs. Delivered Energy:
2.5% U.S
10% Europe
15% J 15% Japan
Which Country has most Outages?
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Storage Technologies and Regimes of Application
A. Nourai
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Scales of PowerScales of Power
10000
1000
Military
UtilityHybrid Electric Vehicles
Utility
100
1000
urre
nt (A
)
Ships
Utility
10
Cu
Consumer Products
AerospaceTraction
Ships
1
Aerospace
10k10 100 1k 100kVoltage (V)
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RELIABILITYAND POWER QUALITY
Has Become a Necessity for the Di it l S i tDigital Society
Commercial
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S i dU.S. Total: $79 Billi
Outage Costs for U.S. Industry Sustained
Interruptions33%
$79 Billion
$52.3 Billion
$26.3 Billion
g yestimated at$79 Billion Annually in a recent study by Joe Eto, LBL
Momentary Interruptions
67%
$
Total U.S. Cost of Electricity $250 Billion Annually
Momentary Interruptions(<5min) ( )are More Costly than Sustained Interruptions
10 MW - 30 sec at Microchip Plant
40 MW in Fairbanks, Alaska
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VOLTAGE and FREQUENCY
REGULATION
Market readyMarket ready
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Grid Frequency Regulationwith Fast Storage:
Kirby 2004
Current method to balance constantly shifting load fluctuation is to vary the frequency and periodically adjust generation in response
Kirby 2004
to vary the frequency and periodically adjust generation in response to an ISO signal. Fast storage can respond instantaneously!
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2x 100kW/15 min Flywheel systems
CEC / DOE and NYSERDA / DOE
Regulation by fast storage may be twice as effectivemay be twice as effective than gas turbines and 20 times more effective than steam turbines.(Y Makarov PNNL )(Y. Makarov, PNNL, )
Flywheels represent a 70-80% reduction in CO2 emission
Frequ. Reg.Needs willD bl ith 20%in CO2 emission
over present methods(Fioravanti, KEMA, 2007)
Double with 20%wind
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Recent Developments:Recent Developments:
4 x 1MW / 15min Li-Ion in PJM. CA-ISO 2 x 1MW / 15 min Flywheels in NE-ISO
20 MW Flywheel System in NY State initiated20 MW Flywheel System in NY State initiated20 MW Flywheel System in Illinois selected for ARRA funding
FERC Order 890, requires ISOs to develop tariffs, market rule, and control l ith t k t f t h l i t id ill ialgorithms, to open markets for new technologies to provide ancillary services
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PEAK SHAVING
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
UPGRADE DEFERRALUPGRADE DEFERRAL
Near commercial
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Charleston, WV Appalachian Power Substation – AEP / DOE Project, June 2006
1.2 MW / 6hr NaS Battery for Substation Supportpp j
3 x 2MW for Substation Support3 x 2MW for Substation Support, and Reliability during 2009
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RENEWABLES DISPATCH
SMOOTHING RAMPINGSMOOTHING, RAMPING,
and PEAK SHIFTING
increasingly considered
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Grid Voltages near Condon, OR, Windfarm
Wind Ramps in BPA Territory
Diurnal Pattern in California & Texas
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In Texas on Feb. 26, 2008 Wind Powerd d 1400MW i 10 Mi tdropped 1400MW in 10 Minutes.
Blackouts were avoided by massive Load shedding by industrial Customersg y
March 08, there were 933 Negative Pricing Intervals = 38% of 15min. intervalsMax. Price = $2303; Min. Price = -$1983 $/MWh
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Diurnal Storage for Wind and SolarDiurnal Storage for Wind and SolarXcell’s 1MW / 6hrSodium Sulfur FacilitySodium-Sulfur FacilityLuverne, Minn.Complementing 11 MW Wind
Rokkasho, Japan:34 MW / 7 hr NaS StorageComplementing 51 MW WindComplementing 51 MW Wind
25 kW / 2 hrs15 year life timeUtility dispatchableUtility dispatchable
3 Large Battery + Wind Projects = 53MW in Stimulus Package!
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Compressed Air Energy Storage
Inexpensive Off-Peak Power to Compress
CAESHuntdorf, Germany, 290 MWInexpensive Off Peak Power to Compress
Air for Storage in Aquifers, Salt Domes or Caverns. On-Peak, Compressed Air is used as Input for Gas Turbine
Huntdorf, Germany, 290 MW
Compressor, increasing Efficiency
2 CAES Projects = 450MW in Stimulus Package!
McIntosh, Alabama, 110 MW Iowa Stored Energy Park, 268 MW2000 MW of wind in region
Glacial Drift
Devonian Carbonates
Maquoketa Shale
Galena
h Platteville)
Glacial Drift
Devonian Carbonates
Maquoketa Shale
Galena
h Platteville)
Decorah-Pla
St. Peter (Storage Zone)
Prairie Du Chein
Jordan
Eau Clair Sand & Shale
Mt. Simon Sandstone
Decorah-Pla
St. Peter (Storage Zone)
Prairie Du Chein
Jordan
Eau Clair Sand & Shale
Mt. Simon Sandstone
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Pumped Storage Hydro-Electric Powerp g yAmeren: Taum Sauk, Missouri, 440MW re-commissioned May, 2010y,
●
US – 20 GWEU – 32 GWUS Proposed:15 30 GW
Grasslands Plan:3000 MW aggregated wind15-30 GW 300 MW pumped hydro Green Baseload Energy
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Stimulus Funding for StorageStimulus Funding for StorageDemonstration Projects (ca. $200M)
A ten-fold Increase in Power!
Large Battery System (3 projects,53MW)Compressed Air (2 projects, 450MW)
Frequency Regulation (20MW)q y g ( )Distributed Projects (5 projects,9MW)Technology Development (5 projects)Technology Development (5 projects)
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IGCC - FC Hybrid, Biomass, Solar, Nuclear, Direct Carbon FC
Transmission& Distribution
TransmissionSubstation
Bulk Generation
Transmission& Distribution
TransmissionSubstation
Bulk GenerationWind
& Distribution
DistributionSubstation
Commercial
Residential
Substation
Gensets , Solar, FC, LM
& Distribution
DistributionSubstation
Commercial
Residential
Substation
Gensets , Solar, FC, LMIndustrial
Gensets , FC, LM
Gensets , Solar, Fuel Cells (FC), Load Management (LM)
Industrial
Gensets , FC, LM
Gensets , Solar, Fuel Cells (FC), Load Management (LM)
Gensets , FC, LMGensets , FC, LM
Nourai, AEP
Distributed Storage, Distributed Generation, and g , ,Distributed Intelligence will be essential for the
Grid of the Future
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Our Goal is to make
Energy Storage
UbiquitousUbiquitous
on the Electric Grid!!
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RESOURCESRESOURCES
www.sandia.gov/ess
www.electricitystorage.orgy g g
EPRI/DOE Energy Storage HandbookEPRI/DOE Energy Storage Handbook
ESA Meeting May 4 7 Charlotte NCESA Meeting, May 4-7, Charlotte, NC