Culture of Mugil cephalus(Linnaeus 1758)

SUBMITTED TO: Dr. K.H. VADHER Assot. prof, AQC, DEPT

PRESENTED BY: B. BHASKAR

2ND SEM MFSC FRM .DEPT

ORDER : MUGILIFORRMES GUNTHER, 1880.

FAMILY : MUGILIDAE-MULLETSGENUS : MUGIL LINAEUS, 1758SPP : Mugil cephalus, 1758-

striped grey mullet, black mullet

Introduction

• Mullets mainly cultured in Mediterranean & Asian countries as as primary or secondary

crops in poly culture systems

• Mullets traditionally cultured as valliculture in Italy, in Egypt traditional as hosha

system, Harbour culture in Northern china, Bheries in India, Tambak in Indonesia

and coastal ponds in Hawaii.

• Mullets 1st introduced with carps in Israel in 1957. in Philippines mullets with milk

fish since 1953.

• In India mullets anciently mullets Eg: extensively since 1947 in WB, madras & kerala.

• Major problem in mullet culture : survival at different rearing stages.

Major grey mullet producing countries

Collection of grey mullet fry

• Mullets farming mainly depends on wild fry.

• Mullets wild fry collected from River mouth, tidal streams, tidal creeks, swamps

& tidal flats in seasons.

• M. cephalus fry in India restricted from June to Aug.

• Early fry collected by Dip nets, hapa nets, short bagged nets & clse meshed

seines in high tides.

• Large fingerlings caught in low tides

• Advantage mullets stage movements against the water current taking.

WILD FRY COLLECTION

Nursery rearing of M.cephalus• Fry stocked @30000/ha & reared for 6-8 weeks until reaches 3-5g

• Water exchange 1 or 2 times fortnightly

• Israel farmers introduced large size carps with mullet nurseries @200-300/ha to

control filamentous algae.

• Earthen pond nurseries: high stocking (125fry/m2) mainly natural food .

Animal manure 2.5-5t/ha. Fry kept 4-6months until10g BW.

NURSERY

Rearing of M.cephalus to marketable size• Mullets mainly in coastal waters with other sp. as milk fish, pearl spot &

shrimps. If in FW mullets with carps or tilapia as primary or secondary crops.

• in Hongkong Intensive poly culture of grey mullets with Chinese carps,

mullets 75mm avg size stocked @ 10000-15000nos/ha, Chinese carps @ 1000-

2000/ha. Yields 2.5-3t/ha.

• In Taiwanpoly culture of grey mullet with milk fish, Chinese carps &

common carps stocked @ 3000,2000,3250 & 500/ha. Attains wt of 1.2kg at

end of 2nd yr & 2kg in 3rd yr.

• Conti…

• Taiwan deep water poly culture: mullets with milk fish stocked @ 4000

mullets(3cm) & milk fish( 15-18cm) @ 13000/ha.

• 2mWater column & 1hp 5aerators. Harvested after 5-7 months culture, 90%

survival total deep water poly culture yields 9t/ha of 1.8t mullets & milk fish

• Conti…

• Israel poly culture of mullets : stocked mullets @ 5000with tilapia@

4000, common carp@ 3000 & silver carp @ 300/ha.mullets harvested

at end of 2 or 3yr

• Semi intensive poly culture : mullets stocked @2470-3705/ha with

common carp(100g) 1850-2470/ha & nile tilapia (10-15g), total yield 20-

30/ha/crop of 2-3t mullets.

M. Cephalus culture in India

• Auto stocking during high tide in coastal impoundments, ponds, with multiple

spp extensively practiced avg mullets size 100g after 5months yields 250-

300kg/ha (20-30%mullets).

• Tidal water exchange within BW ponds are Ideal for mullet culture.

• Experimental monoculture (Anon 1985) mullets stocked @ 6000/ha gave yield

1189-1200kg/ha/yr.

• CONTI,,,,

• Biculture M.cephalus & C.chanos: at 1:2.1:3 & 3:1and @ 3000-6000/ha tried

at vyttila fish farm kerala(Mathew et al 1988)

• after 1yr mullets survival 59-80% & growth 390-500g and milk fish with 60-

90% survival & growth 500-800g obtained. Net yield 1600-2189kg/ha/yr.

• Poly culture of M.cephalus, C.chanos & L. parsia : in 15: 15: 1 ratio stocking

@ 4000/ha. Yield 1691& 1713kg/ha/yr.

• M.cephalus, C.chanos, &E.surtensis in 2:2:2 ratio at 800/ha and final yield

range1276.4kg- 15t/ha.(susheela and Jose,1998).

MONOCULTURE OF GREY MULLETS IN COASTAL SALTWATER PONDS AT MANDAPAMP S B R James, V Gandhi, G Mohanraj, A Raju, V S Rangaswamy

•

monoculture: on mullets, Liza vaigiensis & Valamugil seheli, fed on artificialdiet composed of rice bran & groundnut oilcake in equal proportions at a rateof 5-10% body weight. • The experiments conducted in SW ponds at Mandapam & 3years.• L. vaigiensis stocked@50000|ha yielded at the rate of 569|kg|ha|year • with the survival 72.9%.

• V. Vseheli,• 5 experiments, with stocking @ 22000 to 40000lha, has

a yield 59 kg|ha|315 days to 782 kg|ha|265 days, • with survivalrates 18.3 to 81.2%.

disease measure

Iridoviral disease Vaccination; environmental improvement

Red pest of eels, red sore, red boil, saltwater furunculosis accination; environmental improvement

Streptococcosis Antibacterial drugs in feed; environmental improvement

Aeromonas hydrophila;Flexibacter columnaris Antibacterial bath; environmental improvemen

Motile aeromonas septicaemia: Aeromonas hydrophyla;A. caviae andA. sobria

Motile aeromonas septicaemia

Myxobolus goensis: Gill myxobolosis Environmental improvement

Sea lice: Caligus spp. Medicated bath; environmental improvement

Epizootic ulcerativesyndrome (EUS); red spot disease (RSD); mycotic granulomatosis (MG) Aphanomyces invadans

environmental improvement

Conclusion

• It is very susceptible to fluctuation in water quality parameters.

• 50% mortality at early stages

• Demand increase for with poly culture to monocultue

• One of the best suited spp in coastal aquaculture.

References• MONOCULTURE OF GREY MULLETS IN COASTAL SALTWATER PONDS AT MANDAPAM P. S. B. R. JAMES, V.

GANDHI, G. MOHANRA.!, A. RAJU AND V. S. RENGASWAMY Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Regional Centre, Mandapam Camp.

• MATHEW ABRAHAM, KAILASAM, M., KISHORE CHANDRA, P., SIHRANEE, P., RAJENDRAN, K. V. AND CHARLES, A. V. K. 2000. Development of captive broodstock of the grey mullet, Mugil cephalus (L). Indian J. Fish., 47 (2) : 91-96.