greening what's already here
TRANSCRIPT
GREENING WHAT’S ALREADY HERE GULF COAST GREEN MAY 2nd , 2013
Barbara A. Campagna, FAIA, LEED AP BD+C
GULF COAST
GREEN
AIA HOUSTON
Especially Julie Hendricks
THANK YOU
Julia Ideson Building, Houston Public Library
Houston AIA is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
The construction and operation of buildings accounts for almost 50% of the United States greenhouse gas emissions. But reusing and retrofitting our
existing buildings can reduce these emissions dramatically. Reusing what we have – buildings, landscapes and communities – is the best way to make the
biggest, most immediate impact in controlling climate change. New construction and major renovation comprises less than 10% of the country’s
real estate portfolio, so it is clear that making a substantial impact on our planet will require focusing on the greater than 90% of buildings that are not new. While older, traditional buildings use less energy on average than more
recent buildings, some worry that a push to green historic buildings will threaten valuable cultural resources.
Greening What’s Already Here
Learning ObjectivesAt the end of this program, participants will be able to:
1. Demonstrate how original character defining features in existing and historic
buildings can be reactivated to improve energy and resource efficiency.
2. Identify the cultural and preservation metrics in past, current and future
versions of the LEED rating system and how the recognition and use of
these metrics has been improving.
3. Discuss the importance of greening the operations of existing and historic
buildings.
4. Review the difference between LEED capital products and the LEED
operations and maintenance product, and why the maintenance product will
have a more significant impact on world resource use.
GREENING WHAT’S ALREADY HEREFrom Traditional Historic to Modernism
Lee H. Nelson Hall, NCPTT Headquarters, Natchitoches, LA and the Philip Johnson Glass House, New Canaan,
CT
WHY ARE HISTORIC & EXISTING BUILDINGS IMPORTANT TO CLIMATE CHANGE?BUILDINGS ACCOUNT FOR ALMOST HALF OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE UNITED STATES
Smog in the Hollywood Hills, CA
U.S. CARBON EMISSIONS
US = 22% of greenhouse gases
5% of world population
The Reynolds FactoryWinston-Salem, NC
Why Existing Buildings MatterAnnually—43% of carbon emissions are from the operation (not including construction) of buildingsSource: Pew Center on Global Climate Change
70%+ of electricity goes to buildingsSource: USGBC
40% of raw materials are used for constructionSource: USGBC
City Hall, Houston
Why Buildings MatterAnnually—
43% of carbon emissions are from the operation (not including construction) of buildings
Source: Pew Center on Climate Change
71% of electricity goes to buildings
Source: USGBC
40% of raw materials are used for construction
Source: USGBCBenedict Hall, University of Texas at Austin
Retrofit Green… Debunking The Myth Many historic buildings are already energy efficient
Average energy consumption Btu/sq. ftCommercial Buildings (non malls)
Before 1920 80,1271920 – 1945 90,2341946 – 1959 80,1981960 – 1969 90,9761970 – 1979 94,9681980 – 1989 100,0771990 – 1999 88,8342000 – 2003 79,703
Source: Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey, 2003U.S. Department of Energy
RESIDENTIAL IS THE OPPOSITEThe Advent of Insulation
US Energy Information Administration
LIFE CYCLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION…
Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute
Retrofit Green
Energy performance can be improved
Understand Your climate – Reactivate original features
Potomac Avenue House, Buffalo, NY
The Alley Theatre, Houston, TX
Retrofit Green
Energy performance can be improved
Understand Your climate – Reactivate original features
Historic House in the King William Historic District, San Antonio, TX
The Alley Theatre, Houston, TX
Graphic Prepared by Elaine Gallagher Adams, Rocky Mountain Institute
Retrofit Green
Energy performance can be improved
Many rehabilitation projects are going green
Nakamura Courthouse, Seattle, WAA General Services Administration Project
THE NATIONAL TRUST & THE US GREEN BUILDING COUNCILBuilding a Partnership 2007-Today
Changing the Face of LEED
LEED 3.0/2009Weighting using LCAAlternative Compliance using Durability of Materials
LEED v4Preservation/Social Metrics
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LEED PRODUCTS
A POINT IN TIME THE LIFE OF THE BUILDING
State Capitol Restoration, Austin, TX
State Capitol Visitor Center, Austin, TX
REVISING LEED – LEED 2009Changed LEED to a weighted system based on LCA Indicators & starting to add Preservation/Social/Cultural Metrics
Calistoga, Napa, California
LEED ND – Adding Historic Preservation LanguageLEED ND — Green Infrastructure Building Credit 5 EXISTING BUILDING REUSE
Reliance Building/Hotel Burnham, Chicago, IL
REVISING LEED – LEED v4Materials & Resources Credit – Building Life-Cycle Impact Reduction – 5 points for designated landmarks
THE OLDEST LEED-CERTIFIED BUILDINGS
Slide Courtesy Christopher Davis, GBCI
THE OLDEST LEED-CERTIFIED BUILDINGS
1870Thayer Hall, Harvard University
Cambridge, MA
LEED EBOM 2008 - Silver
#5
Slide Courtesy Christopher Davis, GBCI
THE OLDEST LEED-CERTIFIED BUILDINGS
1869Pittsburgh Opera (Westinghouse Air Brake Company)
Pittsburgh, PA
LEED EBOM 2008 - Silver
#4
Slide Courtesy Christopher Davis, GBCI
THE OLDEST LEED-CERTIFIED BUILDINGS
1864Barton Group Headquarters
Glens Falls, NY
LEED NCv2.2 - Platinum
#3
Slide Courtesy Christopher Davis, GBCI
THE OLDEST LEED-CERTIFIED BUILDINGS
1856New York State Executive Mansion
Albany, NY
LEED EBv2.0 - Gold
#2
Slide Courtesy Christopher Davis, GBCI
1842U.S. Treasury Building
Washington, DC
LEED EBv2.0 Gold
THE OLDEST LEED-CERTIFIED BUILDINGS
#1
Slide Courtesy Christopher Davis, GBCI
Other Rating Systems
SUSTAINABILITY & PRESERVATIONPOLICIES
Green Building Initiatives
SeattlePortland, OR
Minneapolis, MN
Washington, DC
US Department of Agriculture
Montgomery County, MD
Chicago, IL
Nashville, TN
New York, NY
Pennsylvania Public School Districts
Tybee Island, GA
Massachusetts
San Jose, CA
Colorado
General Services Administration
Scottsdale, AZ
Honolulu, HI
WisconsinWashington State
Austin, TX
THE GREEN STANDARD OF 2004 CHICAGO, ILAll new city-funded construction and major renovation projects MUST earn LEED certification.
THE GREEN PERMIT PROGRAM CHICAGO, ILOffering expedited permitting for projects that incorporate innovative green building strategies, including LEED certification.
A CITY TAKES ON GREEN ROOFS - 2000Chicago City Hall & 200 other roofs
Chicago City Hall Green Roof, 2002
THE GREEN BUILDING ACT OF 2006WASHINGTON, DCRequires LEED compliance with municipal and private projects over 50,000 sq ft.
INTERNATIONAL GREEN CONSTRUCTION CODEThe New Code Can Be Ordered Now
Pioneer Courthouse, Portland, OR
SAN FRANCISCO GREEN BUILDING ORDINANCE – 2008Points for LEED or “Greenpoint” System
PlaNYC, NYC’s SUSTAINABILITY AGENDA: 2008, updated 2011http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/html/home/home.shtml
PlaNYC, NYC’s SUSTAINABILITY AGENDACreate a handbook for energy efficiency strategies for historic buildings
BENCHMARKING, PART OF NYC’s SUSTAINABILITY AGENDAUse the EPA’s Portfolio Manager to track energy use in buildings over 50,000 sq. ft.
BUFFALO GREEN BUILDING CODEZoning Buffalo for the 21st Century
• Focus on Placemaking• Transform Buildings• Advance Downtown• Capitalize on Canada- US Trade• Keep $ in Buffalo Neighborhoods
43Slides Courtesy Patrice Frey, National Trust
New solutions are needed for smaller, older buildings to meet aggressive carbon reduction mandates
73% of our existing commercial buildings are less than 10,000 square feet
Smaller, older buildings are uniquely challenged – both physically and financially - to meet aggressive carbon reduction goals
Buildings in Denver’s Historic DistrictPhoto by Wally Gobetz
US Energy Information Administration, 2003
Slides Courtesy Patrice Frey, National Trust
Slides Courtesy Patrice Frey, National Trust
Case Study Buildings
Single Family Residential
MultifamilyResidential
Urban VillageMixed Use
Commercial Office Building
ElementarySchools
Slides Courtesy Patrice Frey, National Trust
Test Conditions
Portland
Phoenix
Chicago
Atlanta
Climate Regions
Slides Courtesy Patrice Frey, National Trust
Building reuse typically offers greater environmental savings than demolition and new construction.
It can take between 10 to 80 years for a new energy efficient building to overcome, through efficient operations, the climate change impacts created by its construction.
The majority of building types in different climates will take between 20-30 years to compensate for the initial carbon impacts from construction
Reuse Matters
Slides Courtesy Patrice Frey, National Trust
The environmental benefits of reuse are maximized by minimizing the input of new construction materials.
Renovation projects that require many new materials can reduce or even negate the benefits of reuse.
For more information….
[email protected] www.preservationnation.org
Design Matters
Slides Courtesy Patrice Frey, National Trust
PRESERVATION GREEN LAB’S LATEST RESEARCH….
SUSTAINABILITY & PRESERVATIONPROJECTS
Reuse, Reinvest, Respect, Retrofit
THE NATIONAL TRUST’S FIRST LEED CERTIFIED PROJECT
The VEC – 44 Points Makes it a LEED GOLD, 2009
THE NATIONAL TRUST’S FIRST LEED CERTIFIED PROJECT – LEED NC 2.2
INNOVATION & DESIGN PROCESS – All 5
http://www.lincolncottage.org/visit/ecotour.htm
Going Green at Historic Sites
BEST PRACTICES
February 2010
Applying Policies andBest Practices to National Trust Historic Sites
http://barbaracampagna.com/best-practices-manual/
Going Green at Historic Sites
BEST PRACTICESFebruary 2010
Section on Green Housekeeping & Sustainable Practices
Going Green at Historic Sites
GREEN HOUSEKEEPING
Lyndhurst, Tarrytown, NY
Going Green at Historic Sites
SUSTAINABILITY MASTER PLAN
Kykuit, Tarrytown, NY
Going Green at Historic SitesRETHINKING CULTURAL LANDSCAPES
Villa Finale, San Antonio, TX
Going Green at Historic Sites
RETHINKING CULTURAL LANDSCAPES
Villa Finale, San Antonio, TX Compost Pile and Bat House
Making the Case for HISTORIC WINDOWS
Restored Wood Windows at Shadows-on-the-Teche
HUMIDITY, LEED & MUNICIPAL SEWERSHow To Go Green When You Can’t Meet a Prerequisite
Cliveden, Philadelphia, PA
Cliveden - Passive Approaches for Improved Environmental Control
• Separate humans from collections– Relocate offices out of the Main House– Relocate collections storage out of the Main
House
• Improve envelope performance– Reduce water penetration and humidity at
basement– Reduce air infiltration– Insulate and seal attic
• Replace attic insulation
• Refurbish site drainage to reduce water penetration at basement
Cliveden - Low Tech Improvements
Cliveden - New HVAC System
• Replace gas-fired boiler in Wash House
• Replace basement air handler
• Control heat by humidistat--maintain winter humidity levels above 25%, with steam humidifier back-up
• Cooling coil at the air handler to maintain summer humidity level below 70%
• Air circulation from basement to attic w/ returns in new air shafts and lined chimneys
• New chiller behind Wash House sized for future air conditioning in tenant spaces
Cliveden - New HVAC System
CAN MODERN GO GREEN?How to Green a Campus of Modern Buildings
The Brick House, Philip Johnson’s Glass House, New Canaan, CT
CAN MODERN GO GREEN?How to Green a Campus of Modern Buildings
The Brick House, Philip Johnson’s Glass House, New Canaan, CT
RESTORING THE BRICK HOUSEA Sound Preservation Methodology
RESTORING THE BRICK HOUSEA Sound Preservation Methodology
Greening Historic Buildings With LEED EB
Rethinking a Painted Lady in San Francisco
Why Would an 1886 House Museum Care About LEED?
Sustainability Goals
1. The Haas-Lilienthal House is a symbol of San Francisco Architectural Heritage and “Heritage” would like to expand this symbol of the organization to act as a model of sustainable preservation.
2. “Heritage” intends to “green” the Haas-Lilienthal House to improve the resource use of the site, broaden the audience of the organization and to prove the relevance that a house museum can continue to have in our culture.
Sustainability Goals
Assess
• Analyze current physical assets
• Determine areas for improvement
• Set realistic goals• Establish measurable
objectives• Select LEED strategies
SCHEDULED PROJECTS
Window Repairs
Source: Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey, 2003U.S. Department of Energy
Source: Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey, 2003U.S. Department of Energy
Two-Day Eco-Charrette
Greening the Haas-Lilienthal House
August 2011
Sustainability Management PlanThe Greening Plan®
http://barbaracampagna.com/haas-lilienthal-house/
1. Utilize roofs and porches with wide roof overhangs to manage heating and cooling
2. Use interior pocket doors to compartmentalize spaces and control heating and cooling.
Leverage Original Character-Defining
Features
1. Determine Which Capital Improvements Will Be Undertaken and Whether Construction Will Be Phased.
2. Conduct an Energy Audit.
3. Develop a Weatherization Program.
4. Develop a Green Housekeeping Program.
Sustainability Management Plan
Strategy
5. Initiate a comprehensive maintenance and operations program
using LEED EB:O&M.
AND
6. Conduct a Major
Rehabilitation.
7. Stretch Goals to Net Zero.
Sustainability Management Plan
Strategy
Select LEED Strategies
Lee H. Nelson Hall, NCPTT Headquarters, Natchitoches, LA
Sustainability Management PlanThe Greening Plan®
CONDUCTING THE ENERGY AUDITMeeting ASHRAE Level 1 Energy Audit with a Whole Building Blower Door Test
CONDUCTING THE ENERGY AUDITLooking for Energy Loss with the Infrared Camera
CONDUCTING THE ENERGY AUDITSample Image of Energy Loss Viewed Thru the Infrared Camera
EVALUATING THE ENERGY AUDITTwelve split systems with no real humidity control using most of the energy
SETTING GOALS AND STRATEGIESTwo Eco-Charrettes to Develop the goals, programs and strategies
EVALUATING THE ENERGY AUDITIdentifying the “low hanging fruit”
The Alley Theatre, Houston, TX
EVALUATING THE SITE AND DRAINAGE What Can NCPTT Change and What is under the University’s Control?
GOING GREEN IN EXTREME WEATHERAdapting a Historic Orphanage for a Leadership School Using LEED for Schools 2009
Jesse Lee Home, Seward, Alaska
The Alley Theatre, Houston, TX
The Alley Theatre, Houston, TX
AREA: Non-Residential Buildings
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
1919 orBefore
1920 to1945
1946 to1959
1960 to 1969
1970 to1979
1980 to1989
1990 to1999
2000 to2003
Construction Decade
Are
a in
Mill
ions
SF
“Historic” Buildings
Commercial Building InventoryDepartment of Energy
10,640 Million SF16 %
AREA: Non-Residential Buildings
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
1919 orBefore
1920 to1945
1946 to1959
1960 to 1969
1970 to1979
1980 to1989
1990 to1999
2000 to2003
Construction Decade
Are
a in
Mill
ions
SF
Modern-Era Buildings
Commercial Building InventoryDepartment of Energy
36,250 Million SF55 %
AREA: Non-Residential Buildings
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
1919 orBefore
1920 to1945
1946 to1959
1960 to 1969
1970 to1979
1980 to1989
1990 to1999
2000 to2003
Construction Decade
Are
a in
Mill
ions
SF
LEED Buildings
Commercial Building InventoryDepartment of Energy
3,200 Million SF5 %
1,283 Certified / 9,867 Registered
SOME CHALLENGES:Climate Change & Historic Sites
Farnsworth House, Plano, IL Flash Flood August 24, 2007
Climate Change & Historic Sites
Farnsworth House, Plano, IL Flash Flood August 24, 2007
Climate Change & Historic Sites
Farnsworth House, Plano, IL Flash Flood September 2007
Climate Change & Historic Sites
Farnsworth House, Plano, IL Flash Flood September 2008
SPRAWL vs. Historic Preservation…
Promotes reinvestment in existing Neighborhoods, but NOT with McMansions and Teardowns.
CHALLENGES – ATTACKS ON MODERNUsing Data to Attack Whole Building Types
CHALLENGES – AUTHENTICITYDo We Have to Restore Experimental Materials & Assemblies?
Lever House built 1952, listed on NR in 1983,SOM, New York, NY
Philip Johnson Glass House, New Canaan, CT,1949, National Historic Landmark
ADAPTING A 1965 HISTORIC TOWERThe Tishman Building
RETHINKING PRESERVATION – OR…
Midcentury Modern House, San Antonio, TX
OR IS IT JUST EXPANDING WHAT WE CARE ABOUT?
Midcentury Modern House, San Antonio, TX
CHALLENGES – UNATTRACTIVE TO MANYHow To Convince the Public that Brutalism is Worthy of Saving?
The Alley Theatre, Houston, TX
Boston City Hall
The Christman BuildingLansing, Michigan
The FirstTriple PlatinumProject:Core & Shell, CommercialInteriors& EB:O&M
Tax Act ProjectNew Market TaxProjectBrownfield
The Empire State Building – LEED Gold EB: O&M, 54 Points
A FOLK LANDMARK
The Beer Can House, Houston, TX
The Richardson Olmsted Complex this past winter, Buffalo, NY
TO A National Historic LandmarkRichardson Olmsted Complex
GSA’s First LEED Platinum BuildingThe Hipolito Garcia Federal Building & Courthouse in San Antonio NC 2.1 - 54/69 pts.
The Alley Theatre, Houston, TX
BY 2030 50% OF ALL BUILDINGS WILL HAVE BEEN ERECTED AFTER 2000: 82 billion sq. ft. demolished – Brookings Institute, 2004
The Menil Collection, Houston, TX by Renzo Piano
WE CAN’T BUILD OUR WAY OUT OF CLIMATE CHANGE….
Clos Pegase Winery, Calistoga, Napa, CA Michael Graves, Architect
WE ALSO CAN’T FREEZE OUR WAY OUT OF IT….
The Governor’s Palace, Colonial Williamsburg, VA
IT’S ALL ABOUT
CHOICE & BALANCE
Iron Spring, Manitou Springs, CO
EVERY BUILDING MAKES A DIFFERENCE…..
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA , Renzo Piano
EVERY BUILDING MAKES A DIFFERENCE…..
Haas-Lilienthal House Museum, San Francisco, CA
My goal is that one day we won’t make a distinction between preservation and sustainability.
Seattle Central Library, Rem Koolhaas, Opening Day, May
2004 with the historic Nakamura Courthouse
behind it – both have been applauded as sustainable
projects
We will just call it good architecture.
SPREAD THE WORDTrue Green Cities
http://barbaracampagna.com/blog
SPREAD THE WORDUBM’s Future Cities
www.ubmfuturecities.com
THANK YOU, AIA HOUSTON!!
Chapel of St. Basil, University of St. Thomas, Houston, TX by Philip Johnson
[email protected]://barbaracampagna.com/blog
Twitter: @bcampagna
This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course