GreenhouseGases

EnvironmentalScienceJ.Bryant-Taneda

Resources:h

Keytermstodefineandreview1)AlGore2)CO23)Permafrost4)Greenhousegases5)GreenhouseEffect6)KyotoAccord/Treaty7)Anthropogeniccauses8)Greentechnology&jobs9)Carbonsinks10)AntarcHcLarsenB11)CoralBleaching

12)Carbontax13)Tarsands14)Methane15)N2O16)UNIPCC

Greenhousegases

•  Theearth'satmospherecontainstracegases,someofwhichabsorbheat.Thesegases(watervapor,carbondioxide,methane,ozone,andnitrousoxide)arereferredtoas"greenhousegases."

•  Albedo(measureforreflectanceoropHcalbrightness)hasanimportantinfluenceontheearth'stemperature.

GreenhouseGases

GreenhouseGases

•  CarbonDioxide–colourlessandodorless;madebyburningcarbon,respiraHon,transportaHon

•  Methane–colourless;manure,landfills,agriculture,animalandhumanflatulence

•  Nitrousoxide–colourlessandsweet;producedbyheaHngammonium,manufacturing,cars

•  Hydrofluorocarbons–semiconductormanufacturing•  Perfluorocarbons–aluminiumproducHon•  Sulfahexafluoride–electricaltransmission,magnesiumproducHon

CO2 emissionsfromfossil-fueluseandcement

produc5oninthetop6to10emi:ngcountries

From 2003–20151,000milliontonnesCO2

Emissions1)Canada 0.8–0.7milliontonnes 2)SaudiArabia 0.5–0.6milliontonnes3)SouthKorea 0.5–0.6milliontonnes4)Brazil 0.4–0.55milliontonnes5)Indonesia 0.3–0.5milliontonnes��������������������Source:EDGARv4.3.2FT2015(JRC/PBL2016:IEA2014(suppl.withIEA2016forChina,BP2016,NBS2016,USGS2016,WSA2016,NOAA2016)h

GlobalGreenhouseemissions,2016

Canweliveonlessenergy?

•  AccordingtotheCentreforAlterna3veTechnologyitispossibletoliveacomfortablelifestyleonjust15,000kWhofenergyperpersonperyear

•  ThiscouldbemetfromexisHngrenewabletechnologiesaccordingtoenergyexpertDavidMackay-whocalculatedthatwithhugerenewablesbuildingeffortEuropecouldproduceover30,000kWh/person/year

Country’senergyconsumpHonpercapitaThis is all the energy needed as input to produce fuel and electricity for end-users. It is known as Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES), a term used to indicate the sum of production and imports subtracting exports and storage changes.

Canweliveonlessenergy?

•  IthasbeensuggestedthattheUScouldreach22,500kWh/persononwind,hydroandgeothermalalone

•  TheZeroCarbonBritainreportrecommendsbuildingover130,000offshorewindturbinestopowertheUK,eachupto100meterstall,coveringanareaofoceanthesizeofWales

FoodrevoluHon

•  Thefoodindustryisresponsibleforbetween1/3to1/2ofglobalemissions

•  ThisincludesthemanufacturingofchemicalsandferHlizer,carbonlossfromsoils,farmenergyuse,transport,processing,refrigeraHon,andtheclearingofforeststocreateagriculturalland

•  Alloftheseeffectsareheavilyassociatedwithlarge-scaleindustrialfarmingandnotwithsmallscaleorganicorpeasantfarming

FoodrevoluHon

•  GRAINhasesHmatedthatglobalshiptowardstradiHonalmanagementoftheworld’sagriculturallandcoulddraw3,750milliontonnesofCO2peryearoutoftheatmosphereandbackintosoiloverthenext10years(2008source)-equivalenttoalmost10%ofcurrentglobalemissions.

DefiniHons1)AlGore–AlbertArnoldGoreJrisanAmericanpoliHcianandenvironmentalistwhoservedasthe45thvicepresidentoftheUSfrom1993-20012)CO2–Carbondioxideisagreenhousegas;carbondioxideisacolourlessgascomposedofonecarbonatomthatiscovalentlydoublebondedtotwooxygenatoms3)Permafrost–athicksubsurfaceofsoilthatremainsfrozenthroughouttheyear,occurringchieflyinpolarregions4)Greenhousegases–agasthatcontributestothegreenhouseeffectbyabsorbinginfraredradiaHon

DefiniHons(conHnued)5)GreenhouseEffect–Greenhousegasesactlikeablanket,absorbinginfraredradiaHonandprevenHngitfromescapingintoouterspace6)KyotoAccord/Treaty–aninternaHonaltreatyamongindustrializednaHonsthatsetslimitsongreenhousegasemissions7)Anthropogeniccauses–causedorinfluencedbyhumans

DefiniHons(conHnued)8a)Greentechnology-technologywhoseuseisintendedtomiHgateorreversetheeffectsofhumanacHvityontheenvironment.AconHnuouslyevolvinggroupofmethods/materialsfromtechniquesforgeneraHngenergytonon-toxiccleaningproducts8b)Greenjobsisworkinagricultural,manufacturing,researchanddevelopment(R&D),administraHve,andserviceacHviHesthatcontribute(s)substanHallytopreservingorrestoringenvironmentalquality.9)Carbonsinks–anaturalorarHficialreservoirthatabsorbsmorecarbonthanitreleasesascarbondioxide

DefiniHons(conHnued)10)AntarcHcLarsenB(iceshelf)–TheAntarcHcLarsenBiceshelfcollapseoccurredinthenorthwestpartoftheWeddellSea.In2002,alargepartoftheicefrontbrokeofftheglacier11)CoralBleaching–whenachangeintemperaturenutrientsorsunlightcausescoraltoreleasealgaelivingwithinthemcausingstresstothecoralandeventuallykillingthecoral12)Carbontax–ataxonfossilfuelsintendedtoreducetheemissionofcarbondioxide13)Tarsands–adepositofsandimpregnatedbybitumen;thesandcanbeprocessedandyieldoil

DefiniHons(conHnued)14)Methane–agreenhousegas;acolourlessodorlessflammablegasthatisthemainconsHtuentofnaturalgas15)N2O–Nitrousoxideisagreenhousegas;acolorlessnon-flammablegas,withaslightlymetallicscentandtaste,knownaslaughinggas.16)UNIPCC(InternaHonalPanelonClimateChange)–ascienHficandintergovernmentalbodyundertheauspicesoftheUN,setupattherequestofmembergovernments,dedicatedtoprovidingtheworldwithanobjecHve,scienHficviewofclimatechangeanditspoliHcalandeconomicimpacts