GREENBUILD 2008

GREEN BUILDINGS AS IF ENERGY MATTERED: FIELD DATA FROM NEW TECHNOLOGIES

Cathy Higgins, New Buildings Institute, Moderatorhiggins@newbuildings.org(509) 493-4468 ext 11

Michael Seaman, California Energy Commission (CEC)Mseaman@energy.state.ca.us(916) 654-4981

Karl Johnson, California Institute for Energy and Environment (CIEE)karl.johnson@ucop.edu(650) 255-6867

Bruce Pelton, California Lighting Technology Center (CLTC)bpelton@ucdavis.edu(530) 754-7593

“L” IN LEED STANDS FOR LEADERSHIP

If energy really mattered green buildings would:

Be innovative

Help accelerate latest technologies

LEAD rather than follow

LEED relies on codes and standards

EnergyStar / ASHRAE

Extra credit for “going beyond”

OUTCOMES

Permission for worst possible building

Force laggards to come along

Some marginal improvements…good enough?

Energy Use (kBTU/sf) in LEED Buildings, “Energy Performance of LEED for New Construction Buildings”

New Buildings Institute, 3/2008

ENERGY USE PER CAPITA

NATIONWIDE• Steady increase• Regulations

o State preemptionso EnergyStar

IN CALIFORNIA• Stable for over 30 yrs• Regulations

o AppliancesT20o Buildings T24

• Research

CHALLENGES • Expected growth• Climate change• Energy independence

(efficiency ramp-up)

EFFICIENCY FIRST IN THE LOADING ORDER

Annual Energy Savings from Efficiency Programs and Standards

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,00019

7519

7619

7719

7819

7919

8019

81

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

GW

h/ye

ar

Appliance Standards

Building Standards

Utility Efficiency Programs at a cost of

~1% of electric bill

~15% of Annual Electricity Use in California in 2003~15% of Annual Electricity Use in CA in 2003

ANNUAL CA ENERGY SAVINGS FROM EFFICIENCY PROGRAMS AND STANDARDS

INFORMING CODES AND STANDARDS

Raising the Bottom Vs. Aiming High

Regulations exercise caution

Urgency involves risk

Pre T24 2005 @ 700wT24 2005 @ 400-300w LED @ 100-150w

RESEARCH AT THE CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION

• Commission – energy policy since 1974• Public goods charge on utility bills • PIER – R&D component added 1997

• public interest energy research• $83M from public goods charge• $12-15M for buildings end-use energy

CEC PIER

ROLE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY RESEARCH

APPLIED RESEARCH• Brings innovative products to light• Tests products in real-world settings• Engages collaborators• Provides a steady stream of solutions

RESEARCH RESULTS • Inspire early adapters• Inform building owners, design professionals, trades• Empower utility emerging technology programs• Spread risk burdens of innovation• Attract investors • Guide codes and standards processes

RESEARCH AS IF BUILDINGS END-USE ENERGY EFFICIENCY MATTERED

Sustainable Design• Building Envelope• HVAC• Daylighting & Electric Lighting• Appliances & Equipment

Systems Integration• Whole Buildings• Commissioning

Operations• Diagnostics • Performance Monitoring• Demand Responsiveness

CampusesCommunities

Sustainability18%

Consumer Electronics

10%

Envelope4%

Equipment4%

Design / Standards

13%

Lighting18%

HVAC22%

Commissioning4%

Water Heating7%

PIER PROGRAM RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM

MARKET CONNECTIVITY

Marketplace

End-UsersEnd-Users

CECPIERCECPIER

Codes & Standards

Manufacturer, Distributors and Industry

Emerging Technology

Program

InnovationSource

Utility EnergyEfficiencyProgram

Pathways

GETTING TO ZERO NET ENERGY

EFFICIENCY RENEWABLES ZERO NET ENERGY

BUILDINGS AND GREENHOUSE GAS

Energy efficiency: Cornerstone of approach

• All cost-effective energy efficiency• Comparable investments from all

retail providersRenewable energy: Stepping stone to 2050 goals

• 33% renewables from all retail providers

CIEE: KARL JOHNSON

California Institute for Energy and the Environment

An innovative University of California partnership of energy agencies, utilities, building industry, non-profits, and research entities designed to advance energy efficiency science and technology for the benefit of California and other energy consumers and the environment. CIEE is a branch of the University of California Energy Institute.

BRIDGING OVER THE “VALLEY OF DEATH”

CEC-PIER Program, managed by CIEE/UCOP– with CLTC for Lighting and AEC for HVAC

Partnering with Campuses – improves RD&D process and

accelerates adoption

Pipeline of new technologies– for campuses, utility programs

and state facilities

Getting from the lab to the real worldGetting from the lab to the real world

PIER STATE PARTNERSHIP IN ENERGY EFFICIENT DEMONSTRATIONS: OUR GOALS

Demonstrations of PIER funded technologies, validate performancein actual building applications

Large-scale demonstrations of pre-commercial products for cost-effectiveness and market acceptance

Improve the energy-efficiency of California’s existing buildings

Educate the public on available PIER funded technologies

http://pierpartnershipdemonstrations.com/

PIER DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM EVOLUTION

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

PIER Portfolio Assessment and

Planning

UC & CSU (Main 33

Campuses)

UC & CSU New Const & Auxiliaries

Community Colleges

(100+)

Pilot Programs: private colleges, State DGS, SVLG

Cal Poly Campus from 5,000 feet

PIER’S IMPACT AT JUST ONE CAMPUS

DEMONSTRATION SAVINGS AT CAL POLY SLO

17 Demonstrations sites on campuses

12 PIER Technologies

Annual Savings: 40 kW 350,000 kWh $40,000

POTENTIAL IMPACTS (JUST FOR 33 CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES)

For only seven of the PIER innovations:

Atmospheric carbon reductions = 2,250 cars removed/yr

Energy savings of nearly = 50 million kW/yr

Life cycle savings:

330,000 MWh or electricity use

266,000,000 pounds of CO2

$36,000,000 energy costs

INTERACTIVE GUIDE TO STATEWIDE PIER TECHNOLOGY SAVINGS

Take a Virtual Tour of each of these demonstration sites:http://pierpartnershipdemonstrations.com/

Dynamic map of PIER Lighting and HVAC installations throughout the state

Features:

• Site Photos

• Energy and Environmental Savings

• Case Study Links

• Product Specification Links

• LEED Guide Links

pierpartnershipdemonstrations.com

LINKS TO: •Case Study•Product Specs•Tech Briefs•LEED points

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

PIER PRODUCTS IN HVAC

More big energy savings in major energy uses

SAV with InCITe™:Improved VAV control system; ~25% energy savings shown in 4 campus demos

Speed Control for Kitchen Exhaust: Over 50% energy savings in 6 campus demos

DART™:Wireless conversion of CV to VAV: 50% motor and 35% HVAC savings

VARIABLE SPEED CONTROL FOR KITCHEN EXHAUST HOODS

Virtually every commercial kitchen needs this retrofit now!

Reduces exhaust airflow when full capacity is not needed

Reduces fan energy use and energy for heating and cooling make-up air

High expected energy savings: ~50%

• 100,000+ kWh

Example of Group Purchase Savings: UC Berkeley

• 5 major dining locations

• Total of 245,700 kWh savings potential per year

• combined payback of less than three years

Source: Melink Corporation

DART™ – WIRELESS CONVERSION OF CA TO VAV

Avoid wiring

Avoid asbestos

Avoid installation interruptions

Web based user interface

Reduce fan use by 50%

Reduce heating & cooling by 35%

Manufacturer: Federspiel Controls

DART™ – WIRELESS CONVERSION OF CA TO VAV

Energy savings: 58%

Annual savings 187,000 kWh or $21,500

Calculated make-up air average CFM reductions yielded an additional savings of $13,900/yr from heating and cooling energy reductions.

SAV WITH InCITe™

Uses static pressure reset strategy to optimize pressure

Applicable to all VAV systems

Very short payback period

Highly reliable

Reduced noise

SAV WITH InCITe™

Demo Site: Mary Stuart Rogers Building,California State University, Stanislaus

30% savings in airhandling energy

54,800 kWh/year

$6,300

Payback: .8 years

SPOT™:SENSOR PLACEMENT + OPTIMIZATION TOOL

For successful daylighting and electric lighting integration with maximum energy savings.

Quantifies existing or intended electriclighting and annual daylighting characteristics of a space

Helps establish photosensor placement for proposed lighting designs

Source: Architectural Energy Corp.

MBCx

UC/CSU/IOU Energy Efficiency Partnership Monitoring-Based Commissioning (MBCx) Program Element Key Features

Funding for:Permanent Monitoring

• Meterso Whole-Building Energyo Sub-System

• Telemetry• Trending SoftwareCommissioning Consultants• Emphasis on Training for Campus StaffIn-House Staff (Limits)

2004-0525 Campuses

• 37 Building Projects• 9 Plant System Projects• over 7 million gross square feet

o (~ half laboratory or other energy intensive buildings)

MCBxMARGINAL BENEFITS OF MBCX: PERSISTENT SAVINGS, DEEPER SAVINGS

4) Added MBCx savings from continually identifiednew measures

Time

Ener

gy U

se

1) Savings from periodic retro-commissioning

3) Added MBCx savings from metering and trending

2) Added MBCx savings from persistence

Cost Comparison: Increased initial cost for permanent monitoring and staff training. Repeated Cx consultant fees replaced by ongoing staff costs?

MCBx2004–05 MBCX PROGRAM RESULTS (CX PLUS HYBRID PROJECTS)VS. PROGRAM GOALS

Reduction in Energy Use

Total

Electricity

(kWh/year)

Demand (average

during peak period) (kW)

Natural Gas

(therms/year)

Nominal Annual

Cost Savings

Total Project Funding

Simple Payback

on Funding

(years)

Program Commitment 7,387,726 919 302,560 $987,308 $5,200,000 4.8

Sum of Project (Portfolio) Targets 9,146,082 1017 579,793 $1,438,415 $5,200,000 3.3

Sum of Project (Portfolio) Results 12,229,376 1,370 807,550 $2,155,637 $5,200,000 2.4

% of Program Commitment 165% 149% 266%

% of Portfolio Target 135% 135% 139%

NEW CONSTRUCTION TOOLS

Goal: Facilitate specification of PIER technologies in new construction and major renovation projects

Complete performance based specifications for PIER technologies formatted according to CSI MasterFormat 2004

LEED Fact Sheets that detail PIER technology characteristics that help achieve LEED points

Electrical training seminars sponsored by IBEW/NECA and public utilities to educate contractors on advanced lighting technologies, reduce costs to install products

GROUP PURCHASING PLAN

Purchasing program designed to provide efficient access to volume pricing on PIER technologies

Multiple PIER vendors are participating

Web portal hosted by CLTC to provide access to all vendor programs, UC/CSU sole source justification forms and guidelines, demonstrated project results and product specifications

ACCESS AT THE LIGHTING PORTAL

CALIFORNIA LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY CENTER

Mission: Stimulate, facilitate and accelerate the development and application of energy efficient lighting and daylighting technologies.

Accomplished through facilitating technologydevelopment and demonstrations, as well as offering outreach and education activities in partnership with utilities, lighting manufacturers, end users, builders, designers, researchers, academicians and governmental agencies.

Founders: California Energy CommissionUS Department of EnergyNational Electrical Manufacturers Association University of California, Davis.

AFFILIATE ROSTER

PROJECT PARTNERS

INTEGRATED CLASSROOM LIGHTING SYSTEM (ICLS)

Finelite system

• Base case average 1.8 W/sq‐ft

• ICLS average <0.8 W/ft²

Linear pendant fixtures vs. troffers

• easy installation 

• lower maintenance costs

5-8 years payback (retrofit)

0-3 years payback (new construction)

Occupants love improved lighting control and quality

Citrus College - ICLS

55% average savings0–7 yr payback (w/incentive)

INTEGRATED OFFICE LIGHTING SYSTEMS (IOLS)

Task/ambient approach to maximize user comfort and minimize energy use

Pendant luminaires bring ambient light closer to workspace

Personal task lights provides workspace lightingexactly where occupants need it

Table lamps provide ambient and task lighting in asingle unit with personal occupancy sensor

Personal occupancy sensors increase energy savings

Manufacturing partners: Full Spectrum Solutions and Finelite, Inc.

PERSONAL LIGHTING SYSTEM (PLS)

BI-LEVEL SMART STAIRWELL LUMINAIRE

UCLA: Bunche HallLessons

• Life Cycle Cost Analysis

• Consider on/off lamp life impacts

• Electrical infrastructure conditions

• Building interior conditions (paint, light levels)

LOAD SHED BALLAST

Features

• Powerline carrier signal up to 10,000 feet

• Drops power by 33% with demand response signal

Control via wired/wireless w/EMS

Available from Osram Sylvania

• Model: PowerSHED Demand Response Ballast

Demonstrations: UC Santa Barbara: Davidson Library

UCSB: Library

PRODUCT INFORMATION

Lamps supported: 2 or 3

Operates: F032, F025, F017, F040T8

Ballast Factor: 0.88

UL Type: Class P

THD: <10%

Power Factor: >98%

Universal Voltage

Load Shed Signal: 19-21 kHz via SYLVANIA split-core Command Coupler ring at the lighting panel

NEMA Premium rated ballast

• Zigbee Carrier• Inexpensive Bi-Level• Occupancy

Detection• Daylight Harvesting

WIRELESS INTEGRATED PHOTOSENSOR AND MOTION SENSOR (WIPAM)

CONTROLS ARE KEY

SIMPLIFIED DAYLIGHT HARVESTING

Self-commissioning photosensor

On / off control

Low voltage sensor works with any type of light source

Meets California Title 24 requirements for lighting control devices

Works for top or side lit applications

Manufactured by Wattstopper/Legrand

Light Saver LS-102 Daylight Controller

DUAL LOOP SENSOR

• Combination of:

• Open Loop• Closed Loop

• Self-commissioning

• Field test underway

• WalMart • West Sacramento

SMART EXTERIOR LIGHTING

Bi-Level

Occupancy

Daylight

Demand Responsive

Appropriate Source

BI-LEVEL PARKING

BI-LEVEL SMART HID PARKING AREA LUMINAIRES

Pole mounted occupancy sensor to light levels based on actual need

50% Demand Reduction

20-30% kWh reduction annually due to bi-level controls

~300,000 kWh annual UC Davis campus wide savings Motion Sensor

SMART BI-LEVEL LED LUMINAIRES

Multiple luminaire styles to accommodate many exterior applications

Bi-level, occupancy based control for 50%–60% energy savings

High CRI and CCT for improved night visibility

50,000+ hours lamp life, up to 130,000 hours

Full cut-off, dark sky compliant

Manufacturer: BETA LED

BI-LEVEL SMART EXTERIOR INDUCTION LIGHTING

Multiple luminaire styles available

• Cobra Head area light

• Shoebox parking area luminaire

• Deck‐mounted canopy luminaire

Bright, white light with high CRI and CCT

80,000–100,000 hour lamp life

Demand Savings and Occupancy Savings

Manufacturer: Full Spectrum Solutions

Low mode = 50% Energy Savings

BI-LEVEL SMART LED BOLLARD

Excellent savings opportunity for new construction projects

80% Energy Savings in Low Mode

LEDs provide 4-6X longer life over HID and CFL

Improved Night visibility

• Base Case: HID with CRI 22 ‐50

• New Technology: LED with CRI ~80

Manufacturer: Gardco Lighting

Low mode = 8 WHigh Mode = 41W

BI-LEVEL WALLPACK

Features:20–30% wattage reduction, reducing both installed and operating costs

Ceramic metal halide lamp & semi-cutoff optics

Demonstration Site:Cal Poly PomonaEquestrian Center, central courtyard

Performance results/energy savings:25% savings compared to typical metal halide systems

~7,000 kWh savings per year

Cal Poly Pomona Equestrian Center Plaza

SOLID-STATE APPLICATIONS

LED Advantages

Long life

High efficiency

Proportional dimming

Controllability

Wide dynamic range

RoHS

LED DOWNLIGHT: CAPRI

Efficient centralized power supply: 10 lights, one power supply

Simplified wiring: low voltage CAT-5 cable

Reduced Glare: indirect optics

Better thermal management

Expandability

Manufacturer: Capri

LED DOWNLIGHT: COOPER

6” diameter, equivalent to a 65W BR30 or and 18W CFL

50,000 life

Multiple trim options

80 CRI, warm white

Dimmable to as low a 5%

Manufacturer: Cooper Lighting

Halo Downlights at CLTC

CEILING FAN: HUNTER

Working prototypes are at CLTC now

70% energy savings compared to 120W incandescent

40W (80W demand savings)

85 CRI

3000K

Manufacturer: Hunter

EXHAUST FAN: HUNTER

Existing product: 42W CFL

New prototype: 10W LED

CFL Lumens: 800

LED Lumens: 500 (w/glass)

Current project status: new light engine, will increase lumen output to above 800

NEW TECHNOLOGIES: PHILLIPS COSMO

Products

CosmoPolis

Iridium luminaires

Control Gear

Benefits

Better efficacy

Approximately 30% more efficientthan traditional white light systems

NEW TECHNOLOGIES: LiFi™ BY LUXIM

LiFi Lamp by Luxim

Inductively coupled plasma

~ 20,000 Lumen output

Lifetime of the unit is up to 30,000+ hrs, compared to ~4000 hour expectancy of current bulbs

Up to 10x faster turn-on rate

SOURCES

Product Vendor Contact Phone URLOccupancy Sensor Watt Stopper Jon Null 408‐486‐7545 Wattstopper.com

Occupancy Sensor Leviton Manufacturing

Jeff Weigant 800.736.6682 www.leviton.com

Induction Lamps Full Spectrum Solutions

Mike Nevins 888.574.7014 Everlastlight.com

LED Streetlights Beta LED Chris Ruud 800‐236‐7000 www.betaled.com

LED Bollards Gardco Lighting Dale Simpson 800‐227‐0758 www.sitelighting.com

Bi‐Level Stairwell Lamar Lighting Jeff Goldstein 888‐665‐2627 Lamarlighting.com

Bi‐Level Stairwell Metal Optics Paulo Minissi 800‐324‐2669 metaloptics.com

Bi‐Level Stairwell Cooper Lighting Bob Smith 770‐486‐4555 metalux‐lighting.com

IOLS,ICLS,PLS Finelite Jane White 510‐441‐1100 Finelite.com

LED Downlight Cooper Lighting Bob Smith 770‐486‐4555 cooperlighting.com

Wallpack Daybrite Clarke Penley 800‐234‐1890 dco.com

Kitchen Ventilation Melink Ted Owen 513‐965‐7500 Melinkcorp.com

Berkeley Lamp Full Spectrum Solutions

Mike Nevins 858‐574‐7014 Fullspectrumsolutions.com

PowerSHED Ballast Osram/Sylvania Joe McCormick 978‐750‐2392 Sylvania.com

SAV with InCITe Federspiel Controls  Cliff Federspiel 510‐524‐8480  federspielcontrols.com

DART Federspiel Controls  Cliff Federspiel 510‐524‐8480  federspielcontrols.com

OTHER RESOURCES

WCEC: wcec.ucdavis.edu

NBI: newbuildings.org

CIEE: ciee.ucop.edu

PIER CEC: www.energy.ca.gov/research/index.html

CLTC: cltc.ucdavis.edu

The Lighting Portal: thelightingportal.com

PIER Demonstration Sites: pierpartnershipdemonstrations.com

Terradex/Google Earth PIER Demonstration Sites: terradex.com/PublicPages/CIEE/PIER_01.aspx