green hydrogen

© 2021 Mitsubishi Power Americas, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Green Hydrogen:Supporting Economy-Wide Deep

Decarbonization

David Alonso

Region Vice President

Mitsubishi Power Americas

© 2021 Mitsubishi Power Americas, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2

MHI and Mitsubishi Power Hydrogen Experience

Hydrogen Powered

Space Launch

IGCC, Cogen, Blast Furnace Gas

29 units in operation

Mitsubishi Power Secures World’s First

Order for Green Hydrogen Gas Turbines

Since 1986 > 3.5 Million Operating Hours 2025 COD - USA

No Company Has More Hydrogen Combustion Expertise


Mitsubishi Power Hydrogen Strategy: Learn by Doing

Vattenfall MagnumExisting GTCC Conversion to Blue Hydrogen

Eemshaven, Netherlands

HySTRACO2-free Hydrogen Usage

Japan

HySTRACO2-free Hydrogen from Coal

Latrobe, Australia

Intermountain Power840 MW Green Hydrogen Power

Salt Lake City, Utah

Advanced Clean

Energy StorageWorld’s Largest Green Hydrogen

Production and Storage Salt Lake City, Utah

4 Continents

3 Hydrogen Source Fuels

Multiple Storage and Transportation Methods

Global Hydrogen Experience Highlights


H2-Gas Turbine

Order

H2-Gas Turbine

Technical Selection

H2 Storage System

Technical Selection

H2 Storage System

Order

100% Hydrogen-

Capable GT Orders

Mitsubishi Power Leads in Integrated Hydrogen Offerings

Hydrogen Gas

Turbines (Utilities)

Hydrogen Gas

Turbines (IPPs)

Hydrogen End-to-End

Storage Systems

Multiple Recent Orders and Existing Units Exploring Conversion to Hydrogen

Technical Selections


Need For Storage

H2 Production & Storage

Policy

Technology

Why Green Hydrogen?


U.S. Decarbonization Policy

Deeper decarbonization policies

increasingly moving East

▪ Coal-free by 2025

▪ GHG neutral by 2030 (RECs allowed)

▪ 100% non-emitting by 2045 (no RECs allowed)

Washington (SB5116)

▪ 80% economy-wide decarbonization by 2050

▪ Pathway for utilities to procure up to 30%

renewable natural gas (including green

hydrogen) by 2050

Oregon (SB1547, SB98, HB2020)

▪ 60% renewable by 2030

▪ 100% Carbon-free electricity by 2050

Nevada (SB358)


California (EO, B-55-18)

▪ 80% renewable by 2040

▪ 100% Carbon-free electricity by 2045


New Mexico (Energy Transition Act)

▪ 100% carbon-free electricity by 2045

Virginia (Clean Energy Initiative)

▪ Net-zero GHG by 2050

▪ 50% reduction by 2030

Louisiana (August 19th, 2020 EO)

▪ Reduce GHG emissions by 80 percent by 2050

New York (Climate Action Plan)


Increasing Renewables Leads to Seasonal Storage Needs

CALIFORNIA WIND AND SOLAR CURTAILMENTS

HIT RECORD HIGH IN MARCH 2021

CALIFORNIA SURPLUS AND DEFICIT PATTERNS

UNDER A 100% RENEWABLE ENERGY SCENARIO

At just 30% renewable integration, peak

monthly curtailment exceeds 300,000 MWh

Renewable Energy Surplus

Renewable Energy Deficit

Source: Armonk Cohen Testimony

Seasonal surplus and deficits signal need for long-

duration energy storage “beyond the duck curve”

https://www.catf.us/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Armond-Cohen-Testimony-E-and-C-Climate-July-24-2019.pdf


Energy Storage Use Cases: Hydrogen and Batteries

Electrolyzer

Controls the

charging rate

(MW)

Controls the amount

of energy stored

(MWh)

Controls the

discharging rate

(MW)

Salt Cavern, Pipeline, or

Above Ground VesselGas Turbine

Lithium Ion Battery

Lithium Ion Battery for

Short Duration Storage

Hydrogen for

Long Duration Storage

Rectifier

_~--

Inverter

~

_--

Comparison of HydaptiveTM (Green Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems)

and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)

BESS and Hydaptive work in concert to support more reliable and cost effective integration of renewables


Economics of Storage

Lithium Ion Batteries Ideal for Short Duration / Intra-Day Storage

Hydrogen Ideal for Long Duration / Inter-Day Storage

Energy

Storage

System

Standby Duration


Green Hydrogen Regional Solution – Advanced Clean Energy Storage

U.S. Counties

U.S. States

DC Line

High Voltage

Transmission Lines

U.S. Major Highways

U.S. Railroads

Project Location

▪ Only known “Gulf Coast” style domal-quality salt in the west

▪ Large-scale storage necessary for the west to decarbonize

EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS TO DELTA SALT DOME

▪ California through HVDC Transmission Line

▪ Major WECC Utilities through AC Transmission Lines

▪ TransWest Express Transmission Line will tie into WY and Las Vegas

SITE CENTRALLY LOCATED TO WECC

▪ Transportation (Heavy Duty/Long Haul Vehicles, Rail, Aircraft, Maritime)

▪ Datacenters

▪ Military

▪ Industrial and Manufacturing

▪ Ammonia and Derivatives

▪ Pipeline Injection

▪ Shipping and Exports (including to Asia)

H2 INFRASTRUCTURE TO DECARBONIZE “HARD TO

ELECTRIFY” VERTICALS


Integrated Green Hydrogen Energy Storage System

Compression

Water

Treatment

Salt Cavern

150,000 MWh

equivalent per

Dome

Combined Cycle

1,000 MW Power

Production

1.5 MM Gal/day

Renewables Over-

Generating Electricity

Energy Supply

Solar

Wind

Hydro

Geothermal

Other

Equivalent to 40,000 MW of Lithium Ion Batteries per H2 CavernThis amount of batteries would require 100MM ft3 of shipping containers, or ~3x Empire State Buildings

Electrolysis

All Technologies Commercially

Mature & Demonstrated at Scale

Green H2 Pipeline


Mitsubishi Power Hydaptive™ Standard Flexibility Package


HydaptiveTM – Combined GTCC with Hydrogen Production and Storage


Benefits of Hydrogen for the Power Sector

▪ Carbon-Free Energy Resource

▪ Additional Significant Emissions Benefits

▪ SOx … Eliminated

▪ CO / VOC / HCOH … Eliminated

▪ NOx equal to or less than 2 ppm

▪ Enables Wider Renewable Deployment

▪ Provides resource adequacy

▪ Eliminates curtailed renewable energy

▪ Provides long duration seasonal energy storage

▪ Enhances Grid Stability

▪ Primary/secondary frequency response

▪ Inertia

▪ Reactive Power / VARHydaptiveTM Integrated Package

Hydrogen systems support an affordable and reliable carbon-free power grid


Hydrogen Storage

>100,000 MWh1

5,500 tonnes2 H2

10 days3 to 1 month4

1 “Discharge” capability based on hydrogen GTCC2Assumes ~3,000 psig to 800 psig working gas 3Assumes 500+MW H2-GTCC @ 100% H2 operation4Assumes 500+MW H2-GTCC @ 30% H2 operation

Salt Cavern Hydrogen Pipeline Pack

Per 1 Cavern Stats

Pressurized Vessels

Per 10-mile Stats

>1,000 MWh1

45 tonnes2 H2

2 hours3 to 16 hours4

Per 10-Bullet Stats

>200 MWh1

10 tonnes2 H2

0.5 hours3 to 4 hours4


Gas Turbine Modifications Required for Hydrogen Power

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY H2 GAS TURBINE

Modifications are only required on the

combustion components of the GT

Mitsubishi Power J-Series

Output 435MW (60Hz)

CCGT Efficiency ~65%

Reliability 99.5%

Units in Commercial Operation 45


Current DLN Combustor

30% HydrogenMulti-Cluster Combustor

100% Hydrogen

Hydrogen-Fired Gas Turbine Development

17

3D Printed Part

Two DLN combustor technologies that can operate on

hydrogen and achieve ultra-low plant emissions levels


Multi-Cluster Combustor Experience With High Hydrogen Fuel

The multi-cluster combustor has been operating

at an O2-blown IGCC demonstration plant of

Osaki CoolGen (OCG) Corporation in order to

evaluate its long-term operational reliability.

Multi-Cluster Combustor Major Specification

Plant Output 166 MW (gross)

Plant Efficiency 42.7% (LHV, Net)

Fuel H2 content Up to 80%

Gas Turbine H-100 GT (1 on 1)

Operation Started March 2017

OCG Project Area

Burner

front view

OCG Demonstration plant

Multi-cluster combustor is proven technology in a commercial plant

operating up to 80% H2


Scope Changes for 100% Hydrogen at COD (Compared to 0%)

▪ Customer considering up

to 100% hydrogen on or

after commercial

operation date (COD)

▪ How do we get there?

SCENARIOGAS TURBINE, ENCLOSURE & AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT▪ Combustion System modification

▪ Fuel handling system modifications and material changes (304SS & 316SS)

▪ Gas detection & fire protection systems modification

▪ Ventilation systems modification

▪ Controls updates and fuel instrumentation improvements

HRSG▪ Space for additional

catalyst (if necessary)

Project specific scope changes may differ

GT’s Shipping Today Can Operate on up to 30%...

With Minimal Scope Changes can Operate on 100% in the Future


The Long Duration Storage Solution

100% Hydrogen =

Zero CO2 Emissions

First H2 pipelines

1930’s

Over

3.5 MILLION hours of H2 turbine operation

Large-scale

electrolysis systems since

1940’s

BASED ON PROVEN AND COMMERCIALLY

DEPLOYED TECHNOLOGIES

First H2 storage in salt caverns

1980’s

green hydrogen

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