green engine report

7/23/2019 Green Engine Report

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CONTENTS

1.GLOBAL ISSUES

3-4

2. TECHNICAL ISSUES 5

2.1 Direct Air Intake 5

2.2 Strong Swirling 5

2.3 Sequential Variable Compression Ratio 6

2. Direct !uel In"ection 6

2.5 Super Air#$uel %i&ing 6

2.6 'owest Sur$ace to Volume Ratio 6

2.( Controllable Combustion )ime 6

2.* Constant Volume Combustion 6

2.+ %ulti#power ,ulses (

2.- /ig0 working )emperature (

2.-- /ig0 1&pansion Ratio (

2.-2 Sel$ Aapting Sealing Sstem (

2.-3 Vibration Ratio (

2.- %oular Design *

2.-5 'imite ,arts an Small Si4e 8

3. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING 9

3.- Intake --

3.2 Compression --

3.3 %i&ing --

3. Combustion --

3.5 ,ower -2

3.6 1&0aust -2

4. ADVANTAGES 13

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.- Small Si4e an 'ig0t eig0t -3

.2 'imite ,arts -3

.3 /ig0 1$$icienc -3

. %ulti#$uels -3

.5 ear#4ero 1missions -3

.6 Smoot0 7perations -

.( !ast Accelerating Response -

.* 8uietness an 'ow 1&0aust )emperature -

.+ Ieal to /rogen !uel -

.- /ig0l Reliable -

.-- 'ow Cost -

5. CONCLUSION 15

6. REFERENCE -6

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1. GLOBAL ISSUES

Everyday radios, newspapers, televisions and the internet warn us of

energy exhaustion, atmospheri pollution and hostile limati onditions. !fterfew hundred years of industrial development, we are faing these glo"al

pro"lems while at the same time we maintain a high standard of living. #he

most important pro"lem we are faed with is whether we should ontinue

$developing% or $die%.

&oal, petroleum, natural gas, water and nulear energy are the five main

energy soures that have played important roles and have "een widely used "y

human "eings.

#he 'nited (ations Energy )rgani*ation names all of them $elementary

energies%, as well as $onventional energies%. Eletriity is merely a $seond

energy% derived from these soures. !t present, the energy onsumed all over

the world almost ompletely relies on the supply of the five main energy

soures. #he onsumption of petroleum onstitutes approximately + perent of

energy used from all soures, so it is the ma-or onsumer of energy.

tatistis show that, the daily onsumption of petroleum all over the

world today is / million "arrels, of whih a"out 5 perent is for automo"ile

use. #hat is to say, auto petroleum onstitutes a"out 35 perent of the whole

petroleum onsumption. In aordane with this alulation, daily onsumption

of petroleum "y automo"iles all over the world is over two million tones .

!t the same time as these fuels are "urnt, poisonous materials suh as

5 million tones of ar"on monoxides 0&), 1 million tones of

hydroar"ons 0&, 55 million tones of ar"on 0&, 5 million tones of

nitrogen oxides 0()x are emitted into the atmosphere every year, severely polluting the atmosphere. !t the same time large uantities of ar"on dioxide

0&)2 gases, resulting from "urning, have also taken the ma-or responsi"ility

for the $green house effet%. !tmospheri sientists now "elieve that ar"on

dioxide is responsi"le for a"out half the total $green house effet%. #herefore,

automo"iles have to "e deemed as the ma-or energy onsumer and atmosphere4s

ontaminator. !lso, this situation is fast growing with more than 5 million

vehiles to "e produed annually all over the world and plae into the market.

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owever, at is estimate that petroleum reserve in the glo"e will last for only 38

years . #he situation is really very grim.

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2.TECHNICAL FEATURES

&ompared to onventional piston engines, operated on four phases, the reen

engine is an atual six phase internal om"ustion engine with muh higherexpansion ratio. #hus it has six independent or separate working proesses6

intake, ompression, mixing, om"ustion, power and exhaust, resulting in the

high air harge rate. atisfatory air7fuel mixing, omplete "urning, high

om"ustion effiieny and full expansion. #he most important harateristi is

the expansion ratio "eing muh "igger than the ompression ratio. !lso, the

other main features are the revolutionary innovations of the seuential varia"le

ompression ratio, onstant volume om"ustion and self7adapting sealing

system. #herefore, an engine having extremely high thermal effiieny, near7*ero emissions, uietness, light and small, lower ost with apa"ility of "urning

of various fuels has ome into "eing.

2.1 Direct Air It!"e

iret air intake means that there is no air inlet pipe, throttle and inlet valves on

the air intake system. !ir filter is diretly onneted to the intake port of theengine, and together with the less heating effet of air intake proess, "enefited

from lower temperature of independent intake ham"er, a highest volumetri

effiieny whih makes engine produe a high torue of output on all speed

range is ahieved. #he pump loss whih onsumes the part of engine power is

eliminated .!lso fuel measuring failities are "uilt7in, and parts are saved.

2.2 Str#$ S%ir&i$

!s a tangential air dut in "etween om"ustion ham"er and ompression

ham"er, a very swirling whih ould lost until gas port is opened, an "e

formed while air is pumped into the om"ustion ham"er. &onseuently, the air7

fuel mixing and the om"ustion proess an have a satisfying working

ondition.

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2.' Se()eti!& V!ri!*&e C#+,re--i# R!ti#

#his greatly revolutionary innovation an provide the most suita"le

ompression ratio for the engine whatever operation mode it works on with

"urning variety of fuels. #herefore, an exellent om"ustion performane is

attained.

2.4 Direct F)e& Iecti#

iret fuel in-etion an provide higher output and torue, while at the same

time it also enhanes the response for aeleration.

2.5 S),er Air/F)e& 0ii$ ine the independent air7fuel mixing phase is having enough time for mixing

air and fuel under strong swirling and hot situation, the engine is apa"le to

"urn any liuid or gas fuels without modifiations. !n ideal air7fuel mixture

ould delete &) emission. !lso entrifugal effet oming from "oth strong

swirling and rotation of the "urner makes the air7fuel mixture more dense near

the spark plug. It "enefits to old starting and managing lean7"urning.

2.6 L#%e-t S)r!ce t# V#&)+e R!ti#

#he shape of om"ustion ham"er herein an "e designed as glo"al as possi"le.

#hus, a lowest surfae to is o"tained, and the engine is having less heat losses

and high om"ustion effiieny.

2.3 C#tr#&&!*&e C#+*)-ti# Ti+e

ue to the independent om"ustion phase, ompared to the onventional engine

whose performanes lak of effiient om"ustion time, resulting in heavy &)

emission and low fuel usage rate, the reen engine has a suffiient ontrolla"le

om"ustion time to math any fuels.

2. C#-t!t V#&)+e C#+*)-ti#

#he fuels an generate more energy while the om"ustion ours on the

onstant volume. !lso, the onstant volume om"ustion tehnology an allow

the engine to have a sta"le om"ustion when the lean "urning is managed.9oreover, more water an "e added in to make the muh higher working

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pressure and drop down the om"ustion temperature, so power is added: heat

losses and ()x emissions are dereased.

2. 0)&ti/#%er )&-e-

#he green engine operates on multi7power pulses with a small volume of

working ham"er ontrasted to the onventional engine dose on the single

power pulse with a large working ham"er. )"viously, a small volume of

ham"er only needs little spae, resulting in ompat struture and limited si*e.

!lso, a small amount of air7fuel mixtures "eing ignited on eah power pulse an

greatly ut down explosion noise.

2.17 Hi$8 W#r"i$ Te+,er!t)re;eause the "urner, whih is made of high heat resistane and low expansion

rate material, suh as erami, operates without ooling, a relatively high

working temperature an eliminate the uenhing *one whih is the main soure

of emission and an greatly redue the heat losses in the om"ustion ham"er.

2.11 Hi$8 E,!-i# R!ti#

igh expansion ratio an make the "urnt gases to release muh more power. Inother words, the waste gases while they run out of the engine are only "ringing

muh less energy with them. #herefore, the engine4s thermal effiieny is

greatly raised, and at the same time, the noise and temperature of the exhaust

are tremendously dropped.

2.12 Se&/A9!,ti$ Se!&i$ S:-te+

#his is another revolutionary innovation applied in the reen engine6 it an

eliminate a num"er of seal plates or strips to ahieve gapless seal and to provide

most effiient and relia"le sealing system with less frition.

2.1' Vi*r!ti# Free

!s ma-or moving parts, vanes whih are ounted in little mass and operated

symmetrially, the performane of the engine is very smooth. ene, vi"rations

are eliminated.

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2.14 0#9)&!r De-i$

'se of modular design is the "est way for engine mass prodution. #hus

staking of rotors easily extends range of availa"le power.

2.15 Li+ite9 !rt- !9 S+!&& Si;e

#here is only a few do*ens of parts whih an "e easily manufatured in the

engine struture when ompared with modern piston engine whih omprises of

more than a thousand parts. It suggests that the ost will "e very low. !lso, due

to the ompat struture the pakage and the weight of the reen engine will "e

only 1<5 to 1<1 of the regular engine on the same output.

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'. CONSTRUCTION AND

WORKING

!s earlier mentioned, the reen engine is a six phase , internal om"ustion

engine with muh higher expansion ratio. #he term $phase% is used instead of

$stroke% "eause stroke is atually assoiated to the movement of the piston.

#he traveling of the piston from "ottom dead entre to the top dead entre or

vie versa is termed a stroke. ;ut, in this engine pistons are a"sent and hene,

the term $phase% is used. #he six phases are6 intake, ompression, mixing,

om"ustion, power and exhaust.

#he engine omprises a set of vanes, a pair of rotors whih houses a num"er of

small pot7like ontainers. It is here, in these small ontainers that ompression,

mixing, om"ustion are arried out. #he engine also ontains two air intake

ports, and a pair of fuel in-etors and spark plugs. #he spark plugs are onneted

in suh a system so as to deativate them, when a fuel whih does not need

sparks for ignition is used. #he rotor is made of high heat resistane and low

expansion rate material suh as erami. =hereas, the metal used is an alloy of

steel, aluminium and hromium.

Even though the engine is of symmetri shape, the vanes traverse an

unsymmetrial or uneven "oundary. #his shape annot "e ompromised as this a

result of the path taken "y the intake and exhaust air. #his uneven "oundary is

overed "y the vanes in a very uniue fashion. #he vanes are made in suh a

way that it omprises of two parts6 one going inside a hollow one. !t the "ottom

of the hollow vane is a ompressive spring. )n top of this spring is mounted the

other part of the vane. (ow, let us ome to the working of the engine.

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'.1 INTAKE

#he air arrives to the engine through the diret air intake port in the a"sene ofan air inlet pipe, throttle and inlet valves on the air intake system. ! dut is

provided on the sides of the vane and rotor. #he dut is so shaped that when the

air moves through, strong swirls generate when it gets ompressed in the

ham"er. #he air pushes the vane "lades whih in turn impart a proportionate

rotation in the small rotor whih houses the ham"ers. #he inlet air dut ends

with a very narrow opening to the ham"er.

'.2 CO0RESSION #he rushing air from the dut is pushed "y the "lades into the small ham"ers in

the rotor. #he volume of these ham"ers is omparatively very small. (aturally,

the ompression o"tained "y suh a proedure is very satisfatory. !s earlier

mentioned, the ompressed air is in a swirling state, ready to "e mixed with the

fuel whih will "e in-eted into the ham"er when it will "e plae "efore the

in-etor "y the already rotating rotor.

'.' 0I<ING

!s soon as the ham"er omes in front of the fuel in-etor, the in-etor sprays

fuel into the ompressed air. ;eause of the shape of the ham"er, the fuel

mixes well with the ompressed air. #he importane of ideal mixing leads to

deletion of &) emission. !nd also "eause of the strong swirling, a entrifugal

effet is exerted in the air7fuel mixture. 9oreover, the rotation of the "urner,

makes this entrifugal effet all the more effetive. 9ixing phase has enough

time to produe an ideal air7fuel mixture as the spark plug is positioned towardsthe other end of the rotor or "urner.

'.4 CO0BUSTION

!s the ham"er rotates towards the $end% of its path, it is positioned "efore the

spark plug. ! spark flies from the plug into the air7fuel mixture. ;eause of the

mixing phase, the air7fuel mixture is denser near the spark plug, there"y,

ena"ling lean7"urning of the harge and also a uniform flame front. !s soon as

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the whole harge is ignited, the "urner rotates to position itself in front of the

narrow exit.

'.5 OWER

#he expanded gas rushes out of the ham"er through the narrow opening,

there"y pushing the name in the proess. #he sudden inrease in volume ensures

that more power is released. )r in other words, the thermal energy is fully

utili*ed.

'.6 E<HAUST

!s the thermal energy is fully utili*ed, the exhaust gases "ring along

omparatively less heat energy. #his mainly helps in the thermal effiieny of

the engine. It raises the engine4s thermal effiieny and also "eause of the

omplete "urning of the harge, poisonous gases like &) are a"sent in the

exhaust emissions.

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4.ADVANTAGES

!s o"vious from the tehnial features whih inlude effetive innovations, the

advantages of the reen engine over the ontemporary piston engines are many.

4.1 S+!&& Si;e !9 Li$8t Wei$8t

!s reen engine is very ompat with multi7power pulses, the si*e and weight

ould "e 1<5 to 1<1 of the onventional piston engines on same output. Its

power to weight ratio ould "e more than 2 hp per pound without superharge

or tur"o harge.

4.2 Li+ite9 !rt-

#here are only some do*ens of parts easy to "e manufatured in the engine

struture.

4.' Hi$8 Eiciec:

;eause many great innovations are "eing employed in the engine design suh

as6 diret air intake, seuential varia"le ompression ratio, super mixing

proess, onstant volume om"ustion, ontrolla"le om"ustion time, high

working temperature of the "urner, high expansion ratio and self adapting

sealing system et., the thermal effiieny of the engine ould "e potentially as

high as +5 >, even more if water add7in tehnology is to "e onsidered.

4.4 0)&ti/)e&-

ue to six phases of working priniple, super air fuel mixing proess and

onstant volume om"ustion with ontrolla"le time, the reen engine "eomes

the only real multi7fuel engine on our planet: any liuid or gas fuels an "e

"urnt well. !lso it would "e ideal to oal powder if speial anti7wearing

material is employed.

4.5 Ne!r/;er# E+i--i#-

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=ith perfet air7fuel mixture, omplete om"ustion under lower peak

temperature and free of uenhing effet, the emission of &), & and ()x

ould "e near *ero, there"y, a atalyti onverter ould "e not reuired at all.

4.6 S+##t8 O,er!ti#

ue to inherene of good dynami and stati "alane the performane of the

reen engine is as smooth as an eletri motor.

4.3 F!-t Acce&er!ti$ Re-,#-e

iret in-etion, little rotating inertia and deleted reiproating motion an

harateri*e the reen engine with operating at a very fast aelerating

response.

4. =)itee-- !9 L#% E8!)-t Te+,er!t)re

;urst out under small amount of mixtures, free of vi"rations, and high

expansion ratio make the reen engine muh uieter. It is really environment7

friendly. reen engine vehiles ould transport troops on the "attlefield of the

future, and ould serve as a vital soure of auxiliary power in om"at. #his is

"eause these engines are uiet, flexi"le and operate at low temperature, makingthem ideal for use in $stealth% vehiles.

4. I9e!& t# H:9r#$e F)e&

eparation of working ham"ers from eah other is an ideal design for any fuel

to prevent "akfire, espeially for the hydrogen fuel.

4.17 Hi$8&: Re&i!*&e

!s there are fewer moving parts operating smoothly, no rankshaft, valves,

onneting rods, ams and timing hains, and intake and exhaust ations are

aomplished diretly "y the motion of the vanes. #hus, it is highly relia"le.

4.11 L#% C#-t

?imited parts, small in si*e, light in weight and depending upon urrent mature

materials and manufaturing tehnologies, mean that it would "e done at muh

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lower ost on manufature, transportation, installing to other devies, and

maintenane.

5.c#c&)-i#

#he reen engine @s prototypes have "een reently developed , and also "eause

of the uniue design, limitations have not "een determined to any extent. ;ut

even in the fae of limitations if any, the reen engine is sure to serve the

purpose to a large extent.

C!r- R)i$ # Gree Tec8#&#$:

1. ;9= i3

2. (I!( ?E!A

3. #)B)#! CDI'

/. )(! !&&)D B;DI

5. #E#! 9)E?

+. &ED)?E# )?#F. A)D &79!G

8. )(! &II&

H. ?EG' E 3 h

1.)?=!E( JE##!

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6. REFERENCES 1. http://www.greenenginetech.com

2.V.Lohit and V.Nikita Verrabahu ,2014 “Green ngine!, "nternationa#

$ourna# o% &cience and re&earch, Vo#.' "&&ue 11.

'. (emin, ).*. +akar and *.). "&mai#, 200 “Green ngine& -ee#opment

&ing ompre&&ed Natura# Ga& a& an *#ternatie ue#!, *merican $ourna#

o% nironmenta# (cience&, Vo#. i&&ue ':'31'51.

4. entra# 6o##ution ontro# +oard 777 nironmenta# (tandard& 7

Vehicu#ar 8hau&t %i#e&.

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