Green Building

Site Concerns, Materials and Products

Presented by: Joseph Crockercrockerj@appstate.eduAppalachian State UniversityASU Energy Center

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LEEDTM

The United States Green

Building Council

usgbc.org

USGBC LEEDTM

Six Categories of Credits:

– Sustainable Sites (14 points)

– Water Efficiency (5 points)

– Energy and Atmosphere (17 points)

– Materials and Resources (13 points)

– Indoor Environmental Quality (15 points)

– Innovation and Design Process (5 points)

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TOTAL possible points (69 points)

Sustainable Sites

• Erosion and Sedimentation control (prerequisite)

• Site selection• Urban redevelopment• Brownfield redevelopment• Alternative transportation• Reduced site disturbance• Stormwater management• Reduce heat islands• Light pollution reduction

Sustainable Sites

Prerequisite 1 - Erosion and Sedimentation Control

1. Provide an erosion and sedimentation control plan

2. Prevent topsoil loss due to storm and wind erosion

3. Prevent sedimentation of storm sewer and streams

4. Prevent polluting the air with dust and particulate matter

Sustainable Sites

Credit SS 1 - Site Selection

Avoid building on (5 criteria):

• Prime agricultural land• Land less than 5 feet above

the 100-year flood plain

• Within 100 feet of wetlands• Threatened species habitat• Prior public parkland

Sustainable Sites

Credit SS 2 - Urban Redevelopment

• 60,000 sq. ft. per acre

• Density radius

• 2 story downtown development

Sustainable Sites

• Remediate and develop a Brownfield site

• Definition of brownfield can include perceived contamination

Credit SS 3 - Brownfield Redevelopment

Sustainable Sites

• SS 4.1 Public transportation Access

• SS 4.2 Bicycle storage and changing rooms (5%) and showers

• SS 4.3 Alternative-fuel vehicles (3%)

• SS 4.4 Parking capacity and carpooling

Credit SS 4 - Alternate Transportation( 4 points available)

Sustainable Sites

• SS 5.1 Protect or restore open space– 5 feet beyond roads, curbs,

walkways, etc

– 40 feet beyond building perimeter

– 25 beyond constructed areas

• OR, on previously developed sites, restore 50% degraded habitat

• SS 5.2 Development footprint– Exceed open space requirement

by 25%

– Campus, bases etc. have special requirements

Credit SS 5 - Reduced Site Disturbance (2 points available)

Sustainable Sites

• SS 6.1 - Rate and Quantity• SS 6.2 - Treatment

Credit SS 6 - Stormwater Management

Sustainable Sites

Credit SS 7 - Landscape & Exterior Design to Reduce Heat Islands

Atlanta 1972 Atlanta 1993

• SS 7.1 - Shade 30% of non-roof impervious surfaces OR use light-colored/reflective materials for 30% OR place 50% of parking underground OR use open grid pavement for 50% of parking

• SS 7.2 - High performance roof OR 50% vegetated roof

Sustainable Sites

Credit SS 8 - Light Pollution Reduction

• Meet IESNA foot-candle levels AND design so that zero direct beam illumination leaves the building site

Water Efficiency

• Efficient landscaping• Innovative technologies• Use reduction

Water Efficiency

• WE 1.1 - Use micro irrigation or capture water to reduce irrigation by 50%

• WE 1.2 - Use only captured water or install no permanent irrigation system

Credit WE 1 Water Efficient Landscaping

NC Healthy Built HomesSoil / Amendments• Develop an erosion control site plan.• Use of redundant mulch, compost, or straw bales for erosion• control. • Temporary planting of cover crops on disturbed land areas• within two weeks of completing rough grading activities. Vegetation• Trees and natural features on site protected during construction (min

25% of development or lot). • Tree planting (minimum 12 trees per acre of developed land)• Provide tree preservation plan. • Individual trees fenced at drip line enter• Preserve or create Backyard Wildlife Habitats using theNational Wildlife

Federation certification or equivalent. • Grind stumps and limbs for mulch. Development• 10 Mill cleared logs. 2 Signature or Inspection• 11 Sidewalk connects house to business district (max 2 miles) • 12 Use B20 blend bio-diesel for 90% of all diesel fueled construction

equipment.

NC Healthy Built Homes• Drought resistant guidebook given to homeowner. • Provide a site specific drought resistant planting plan

for homeowner / potential buyer. • Permeable materials used for driveways. • Permeable materials used for 50% walkways and

patios. • Install vegetated roof system to reduce impervious

surface:• 25% of roof is vegetated roof system• 50% of roof is vegetated roof system • 75% of roof is vegetated roof system • 100% of roof is vegetated roof system • Installed landscape is drought resistant for non-paved

area:• 50% of non-paved area• 100% of non-paved area

NC Healthy Built Homes

• Rainwater harvested and directed toward landscaping needs.

• Install rain gardens, bio-retensions basin, or infiltration strips to reduce storm water impacts.

• Installed irrigation system is zoned separately for turf and

• bedding areas. • Installed irrigation system includes a soil moisture

or rain sensor, or other irrigation efficiency device. • Greywater irrigation system is installed where

allowed by code.

Materials and Resources

Recyclables(prerequisite)

• Building reuse• Construction waste• Resource reuse• Recycled content• Regional materials• Rapidly renewable

materials• Certified wood

Materials and Resources

• Design an adequate method and area for separation, collection, and storage of recycled materials including:– Paper– Cardboard– Glass– Plastics– metals

• MR Prerequisite 1 -Storage & Collection of Recyclables

Materials and Resources

• Maintain 75% of existing shell

• Maintain 100% of existing shell

• Maintain 100% of existing shell AND 50% of non-shell

• Do not block railroad tracks

3 Points Available

Materials and ResourcesCredit MR 2 - Construction Waste Management

• MR 2.1 - Recycle/salvage 50% C & D and land clearing waste• MR 2.2 - Recycle/salvage 75% C & D and land clearing waste

Materials and Resources

Credit MR 3 - Resource Reuse• MR3.1 - Specify salvaged/ refurbished for 5% of all materials

• MR3.1 - Specify salvaged/ refurbished for 10% of all materials

Credit MR 5 - Local / Regional Materials• 20% Manufactured locally• Half of above locally harvested

Credit MR 4 - Recycled Content• MR 4.1 - 5% recycled content (post-

consumer + 1/2 post-industrial)• MR 4.2 - 10% recycled content (post-

consumer + 1/2 post-industrial)

Materials and Resources

• Credit MR 6 - Rapidly Renewable Materials– materials harvested in less than 10 year cycles

• Credit MR 7 - Certified Wood– 50% wood-based materials FSC certified

Healthy Built Homes: Materials• House does not exceed 2500 square feet of conditioned area

(excluding crawl space). House does not exceed 2000 square feet of conditioned area

• (excluding crawl space). House does not exceed 1500 square feet of conditioned area (excluding crawl space).

• Construction Material Waste• Recycle construction site waste:• Recycle jobsite waste min 1lb per sf of conditioned space• Recycle jobsite waste min 2lbs per sf of conditioned space • Recycle jobsite waste min 3lbs per sf of conditioned space • Recycle specific materials that have known markets (99%):• Drywall (recycle or grind and spread on site)• Recycle wood waste (or grind and spread on site) 3• Recycle metal waste, Recycle cardboard waste • Recycle plastic(s) waste, Recycle shingle waste

Materials (cont.)• Prohibit burying construction waste on site. • Central, organized cutting area for project site. • Donation of excess materials or re-use of materials (min $500/job). • Job site framing plan with locations of studs, joists, and roof

structure with cut list. • Exterior/Structural System Materials• Concrete with fly ash (min 25% fly ash) for slab/floor. • Recycled concrete or glass cullet used for aggregate in concrete. • Dimensional or engineered lumber from third-party certified

sustainably harvested sources used in:• Floor framing members• Wall framing members• Roof framing members • Continuous foundation termite flashing. • Engineered alternative replaces large dimension solid lumber• (2x10 or greater) in 90% or more of various structural systems(i.e. trusses, joists): Floor structural system(s) Roof structural

system(s)

Materials (cont.)

• 15 Use engineered lumber for 90% or greater of wall framing• members. Includes finger-jointed studs. • Use engineered alternatives to wood framing for 90% or greater

of all structural systems • All headers are steel (with thermal break) or engineered wood. • Install window and door flashings at all exterior openings. • Stucco, with drainage plane, on 50% or more of exterior wall

area. • Exterior cladding (min 3 sides with 40-year product life

warranty or masonry). • Back and edge-primed siding and trim. • Indigenous stone (within 300 miles) on 50% or more of exterior

wall area.

Materials (cont.)• Wood siding is 100% from third-party certified sustainably harvested

sources, 50% or more of exterior wall area. or• Fiber cement siding on 50% or more of exterior wall area. • Recycled and/or recovered-content siding (minimum 50% pre or post-

consumer) on 50% or more of exterior wall area. 2 FW; Signature or• All beams are steel, engineered wood, or trusses. • Fiber cement or engineered wood exterior trim: Fascia, Soffit Other

exterior trims • Recycled-content roofing material. • Light roof color (tile or metal). Light Reflectance Value (LRV) of .50

or greater for roofs with a slope >2:12 or .65 or greater for low slope roofs <2:12.

• Provide metal roof drip edge. • Roof gutters/downspouts discharge water min 5 feet from foundation. • Covered entry ways above all doors; minimum 2’ deep, maximum 2’

above door• Recycled-content insulation:Minimum 25% recycled content, Minimum

75% recycled content

Materials (cont.)• Install regionally obtained salvaged or reclaimed materials for min. 25% of

floors and interior trim Use alternative underlayment product (no Lauan):• Natural cork / 100% recycled or recovered content underlayment used• Padding containing 50-100% recycled content • Natural fiber carpet made with natural latex rather than SB latex backing. • Natural linoleum in place of any vinyl sheet flooring or vinyl• composition tile, with low toxic adhesives or backing. Install min. 25% of

flooring manufactured from rapidly renewable resource material (engineered product is

• acceptable).• Install 3rd party certified sustainably harvested wood flooring. • Install 3rd party certified sustainably harvested interior trim Interior paints or

finishes with recycled-content. Engineered interior trim--Finger-jointed and/or MDF trim.

• Recycled and/or recovered content gypsum wallboard. • No Lauan doors (tropical hardwood). • Doors made from third-party certified sustainably harvested wood. Recycled

and/or recovered content doors. • 100% agricultural waste or 100% recycled wood particleboard/MDF for

shelving/countertops.

Energy and Atmosphere

• Fundamental building commissioning (prerequisite)

• Minimum energy performance(prerequisite)

• CFC reduction (prerequisite)• Optimize performance• Renewable Energy• Additional commissioning• Eliminate HCFCs and Halons• Measurement and verification• Green power

Energy and Atmosphere

Credit EA 1 - Optimize Energy Performance

• Compliance with 90.1 is Prerequisite• Design to exceed ASHRAE 90.1-1999 (ECB)• Model buildings to optimize performance

New Existing Points

20% 10% 230% 20% 440% 30% 650% 40% 860% 50% 10

Energy and Atmosphere

Credit EA 2 - Renewable Energy (3 points possible)

Energy Use Points5% 1

10% 220% 3

What is a Green Product?

Windows – 2 Key Factors• U-factor• Solar Heat

Gain Coefficient (SHGC)

U-Factor: How well a window stops heat loss

• U-factor = Conductive Heat Transfer

• R-value = 1/ U-factor • The lower the U-value,

the greater a window's resistance to heat flow and the better its insulating value.

Solar Water Heating

Solar Electric Systems

Raised Heel Truss

Insulate full height over exterior wall

Raised Heel Truss

Baffling to preventinsulation from blocking ventilation

Raised Heel Truss

Baffling to preventinsulation from blocking ventilation

Foundation Wall and Slab Moisture Control

Rain Screen / Drainage Plane

Properly Installed Insulation

Infiltration Controls

Code

Heat Pump Water Heaters

• Energy Factor up to 2.5 (250%)

• Save from 33% to 50% of water heating costs with EF up to 2.5

• Some units can provide air conditioning or residential ventilation

• Installed cost: $1,000 to $2,500 with annual savings of $150 to 200

• Estimated payback is 2 - 5 years.

Structurally Insulated Panels SIP

Insulated Concrete Forms

Heat Pump and Furnace

Upgrades• High

efficiency

• Zoned systems

• Variable speed

• Heat pump with Gas Heat

ASHRAE Standard 62-1989Living Area: 0.35 ACHNatural, or 15 cfm per person

Kitchen: 100 cfm intermittent or 25 cfm continuous or operable window

Bath: 50 cfm intermittent or 20 cfm continuous or operable window

Fresh, Make-Up Ventilation Air

AirCyler Fan ControlSchedules fresh air intake

Heat Recovery Ventilation

Heat Recovery Core

Many green features have little or no additional first cost or effort involved

• Reduced Site disturbance

• Drip line protection• Sedimentation control• Habitat restoration• Construction waste

disposal • Rainwater collection• Xeriscape (water

efficient) landscaping• Low flow fixtures• Building orientation and

shading• Properly installed

insulation• Programmable

thermostats

• Advanced framing techniques and air sealing

• Right sized HVAC• Flooring, cabinets,

sidings and many other high quality products available with recycled content and post industrial waste in their content

• Low VOC paints and finishes

• Fresh air ventilation and low sone fans

• Recycling bins• And many more

Some green building features involve a change in practice that effectively moves costs from one budget to another or “cost

shifting” .

Example: • Through practices such as reducing air infiltration • increasing insulation, • choosing high performance windows • orienting and shading our buildings with respect to the

sun • we can then dramatically downsize the heating and air

conditioning system • as well as a build a house that will have dramatically

lower energy costs and greatly improved indoor environmental control and performance.

Investing in Efficiency

• Increasing efficiency levels in heat pumps, air conditioners, furnaces and boilers.

• Choosing energy star appliances• Compact florescent lighting • High efficiency water heating • High performance (low e) windows• Increased insulation

Some green items are an investment made for reasons other than the immediate financial return:Self reliance, environmental stewardship, and an

investment in the future as well as a potential long term financial return on the investment

• Renewable energy systems (Photovoltaic, Wind turbines)

• Solar water heating• Vegetated roof systems• Porous concrete / specialty mixes /innovative

products• Some green products do command a higher price than

their conventional counterpart (ex. certified lumber). • Potential for financial return may also be realized in

future resale value

Questions and Comments?

Thank you for attending the workshop.Please fill out your evaluation form and let

us know your questions and comments.

Come to visit Southface in Boone:Jeff Tiller, Scott Suddreth, Laura Johnston, and Joe Crocker

southface@goboone.net828-265-4888/FAX 828-264-2333

www.southface.orgwww.southface-energycode.org

www.ncenergystar.org