green biorefinery research in austria- an overview...iso 9001 certified … getting hooked on an...
TRANSCRIPT
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Green biorefinery research in Austria- an overview
Michael Mandl, Joanneum Research Stefan Kromus, BiorefSYS
IEA Task 42 Biorefinery Workshop Vienna
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
… facing the change of agricultural structure
Where did we start ......
Sorce: BAL Gumpenstein ; K. Buchgraber
… looking for a vision for sustainable rural development
… defining a strategy
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
… getting hooked on an idea
The Green Biorefinery R&D work was generally performed in three stages: — fundamental studies, — technology development and — optimization of processes.
In summary 7 R&D projects for various aspects have been performed .
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Green Biorefinery Austria
FibreProcessing
Fiberboards, Biocomposites, Insulation Materials,...
Green Biomass(e.g. Grass, Clover, Lucern,...)
Ensilage Process Mechanical Fractionation
Press Cake(Fibres)
Press Juice
Fine ChemicalsSeparation
Flavours, Chlorophyll, Pigments,...
Lactic AcidSeparation
Amino Acids Separation
Biogas
Amino Acids,Protein Products
Lactic Acid,Ethyl-Lactate,...
Electricity, Heat
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Optimizing processes— Mechanical fractionation
(pressing procedure)
— Processing of juice (LA and AA separation)
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
— Silage: hydrolyzed proteins
— ~60% rel. recovery rate of amino acids from Silage
— All essential amino acids are contained
— from nutrition …personal care is feasible
— Complex juice composition !
State of the Art R&D: Amino Acids
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
— ~85% recovery of lactic acid from silage feedstock
— Application: bulk chemical, solvent, bio-polymer (PLA)
— Combination of separation technologies (patent pending)
— Market perspective for LA promising
Lactic acid
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Recovery CP / Amino Acids
Recovery Rate Crude Protein (CP)Percentage of Crude Protein of feed which is transfered into the press juice
0102030405060708090
100
1- Klg 2- Klg 3- Klg 4- Klg 5- Klg 6- Luz 7- Luz 8- Luz 9- Luz 10- Luz
Clover-Grass Silage Alfalfa Silage
Rec
over
y ra
te C
rude
Pro
tein
[%]
Total, pressing 1+2 Preesing #1 Pressing # 2
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Recovery CP / Amino Acids
Absolute Crude Protein (CP) Yield of Press Juice
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
1- Klg 2- Klg 3- Klg 4- Klg 5- Klg 6- Luz 7- Luz 8- Luz 9- Luz 10- Luz
Clover-Grass Silage Alfalfa Silage
Yiel
d of
Cru
de P
rote
in [k
g/t D
M fe
ed]
CP yield feed CP total yield juice 1+2 CP yield juice 1 CP yield juice 2
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Grass fibers utilization
— Press cake is a grass fiber fraction— Fundamental characterization was done — Various application have been tested
(fiber boards, fleeces, insulation material, building products…)
— Grass fiber products are not known on the market ( risky, economic aspects)
— Strategy to use press cake for biogas
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Examples Fiber boards
Querzugfestigkeit 3. Versuchsreihe
0,0%
10,0%
20,0%
30,0%
40,0%
50,0%
60,0%
70,0%
80,0%
90,0%
100,0%
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 62 63
Versuchspaltte Nr.
rel.
Que
rzug
fest
igke
it in
Bez
ug
auf M
DF- R
efer
enz
[%]
Dichte der Versuchsreihe 3
0,0
100,0
200,0
300,0
400,0
500,0
600,0
700,0
800,0
900,0
1000,0
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 62 63
Versuchsplatten Nr.
Dic
hte
[kg/
m3]
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Region
Models for Green Biorefinery operation
Biorefinery in the center of a supply area
Biorefinery Juice seperation + Biogas plantSilage
JuiceBiogas
Biogas
Biogas
Possible Integration of surrounding region
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
“Take home message…”
— Green Biorefinery is a technology concept for using the whole plant
— Logistics will become a part of the process; regional “embedding” of technologies
— Green Biorefinery apply future key-technologies for separating valuable substances
— Green Biorefinery can be easily linked to a biogas digester
— R&D: 5% inspiration; 95% transpiration
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Acknowledgement
We kindly acknowledge the support of the funding program
and our scientific partners
University of Natural Resources and Life Science Vienna
Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Recovery of Crude Protein in Pressjuice
Recovery Rate Crude Protein (CP)Percentage of Crude Protein of feed which is transfered into the press juice
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1- Klg 2- Klg 3- Klg 4- Klg 5- Klg 6- Luz 7- Luz 8- Luz 9- Luz 10- Luz
Clover-Grass Silage Alfalfa Silage
Rec
over
y ra
te C
rude
Pro
tein
[%]
Total, pressing 1+2 Preesing #1 Pressing # 2
Absolute recovery rate of 80- 120kg AA/ t DM
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Recovery of Lactic acid in Pressjuice
Recovery Rate Lactid Acid (LA)Percentage of Lactic Acid of feed which is transfered into the press juice
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1- Klg 2- Klg 3- Klg 4- Klg 5- Klg 6- Luz 7- Luz 8- Luz 9- Luz 10- Luz
Clover-Grass Silage Alfalfa Silage
Rec
over
y ra
te L
actic
Aci
d [%
]
Total, pressing 1+2 Preesing #1 Pressing # 2
Absolute recovery rate of 160- 200kg LA/ t DM
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Applying process synthesis on Green Biorefinery
— How does a optimal „vaule chain“ look like?
— Shall all processes taken place in a central plant or are decentral processes an option? (storage, mobile pressing of feedstock)
— Sensitivity of the system to certain parameters (prices)
— How does the system perform generally?
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Basic assumptions
— total silage feedstock is 35.500 t/y— local transport by tractors
(upto 10 km, max load is 5 t, average speed is 20 km/h)— central transport by trucks ,
(upto 60 km ,max load is 12 t, average speed is 50 km/h)— time limit for transportation is 2000 h/y for trucks and tractors— there may be up to 1 “central plant” (biogas + biorefinery)— there may be up to 5 “local plants” (biogas)— fractionation of silage either by a mobile press or by presses
in the “local” or “central” plants
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
The „maximal structure“...
SC
CC
CF
JC
RFC
RFL
F
F
GBR
CJ
CTrJ
LF
S
CTrC CP
CBGGODMC
E
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
LA
AA
MP CTrS
CTrRF RJC
S
LBG
GODML
E
CL1
SL CL JL
CL2 CL3 CL4
LTrJLTrCLTrS
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Result: optimal synthesis for the base case
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Sensitivity analysis: Food sector competition
•Central and decentral units
•Split utilisation of silage
Fodder pellets as a product
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Interesting results...
• De-central processes are not the rule– Silage (storage + reaction) is de-central– No mobile (de-central) press– No de-central biorefinery, no de-central biogas unit
• Fibres are „out“– At current European market price, biogas is more feasible
• The process is already economically viable– Profits are a healthy 0,6 M€ for 35.000 t/a silage
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
What is different in processing renewables?
Conventional chemical processes
— Raw materials are standardised
— Raw materials are continuously available
— Raw materials have centralised sources
— Logistics play negligible role for process structure
Renewable resource processes
— Raw materials differ in quality
— Raw material availability shows strong time dependence
— Raw materials have decentral sources
— Logistics and storage have impact on process structure
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
…some answers— Logistics need to be integrated in the process
design from the beginning
— Finding the right size for processes is essential economy of scale vrs minimal transport
— Utilizing agricultural wastes and minor quality products to avoid competition for resources
— Local production of renewable resources is important
— Security of raw material supply requires on the long run a sustainable agriculture
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
What can you expect
— Some basic problems on renewable resources process
— Setup of the Austrian Green Biorefinery— Applying process synthesis to define a base
case— Optimizing processes— Summary
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
The challenges
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Inhaltsfolie
—Renewables involve new questions
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Renewables involve new questions
Central vs. decentralWhy not bringthe process tothe raw material?
Storage vs. campain
Processes for renewables lack of experience; unknown heuristics
Adapt the process to the raw material?
Membrane technologies, chromatography, ...
Institute for Sustainable Techniques and Systems
ISO
900
1 ce
rtifi
ed
Basic logistic problems of renewable resources
...transport density
...short shelf life
...decentral production