Greek Culture Greek Culture # # 2525HMWK: Greek God Due TomorrowHMWK: Greek God Due Tomorrow

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HELLENIC AGEHELLENIC AGE800 BCE800 BCE – Greece emerges from the – Greece emerges from the DARK AGESDARK AGES

Hellenic AgeHellenic Age – – Hellas Hellas (Greek name for their country) (Greek name for their country)Greek population is Greek population is scatteredscattered by the Dorian invasion by the Dorian invasionBecause of the violent times, Greeks developed theBecause of the violent times, Greeks developed the city -statecity -state

GREEK SOCIETY GREEK SOCIETY THRIVESTHRIVES1. LITERATURE –1. LITERATURE –

Homer (blind poet) – Iliad and Odyssey

2. OLYMPIC GAMES - Glorification of Heroes (in honor of Zeus)

3. POLYTHEISTIC RELIGION More materialistic than spiritual - Greek Mythology

A New Type of Religion A New Type of Religion

Many of the civilizations that existed prior to Many of the civilizations that existed prior to the Greeks believed in gods and goddesses the Greeks believed in gods and goddesses that were terrible, mean, and most importantly, that were terrible, mean, and most importantly, that were not human. Instead, these gods often that were not human. Instead, these gods often took the form of animals, monsters, and beasts. took the form of animals, monsters, and beasts. The people believed that mankind existed for The people believed that mankind existed for the sole purpose of serving and pleasing the sole purpose of serving and pleasing the gods.the gods. The Greeks had a new outlook on religion. The Greeks had a new outlook on religion. They believed that the gods and mankind had They believed that the gods and mankind had a partnership with one another, and that both a partnership with one another, and that both existed to serve one another. existed to serve one another. They believed They believed that their gods were human in form, that their gods were human in form, and that they exhibited human emotions, and that they exhibited human emotions, including jealously, love, and hatredincluding jealously, love, and hatred.. Their gods married, had families, and even Their gods married, had families, and even committed murder.committed murder.

The only difference between mankind The only difference between mankind and the gods was that the gods had and the gods was that the gods had supernatural powers, while mankind supernatural powers, while mankind did notdid not. Greek students were taught . Greek students were taught to strive to be the best individuals to strive to be the best individuals they could possibly be, so that they they could possibly be, so that they could be more like the gods. could be more like the gods. Each Greek city-state selected a patron Each Greek city-state selected a patron god as their protector. This god was god as their protector. This god was worshiped, in an effort to please them, worshiped, in an effort to please them, so that their good favor would fall so that their good favor would fall upon the people of that region. upon the people of that region. Every Greek Citizen also worshiped Every Greek Citizen also worshiped the chief god Zeusthe chief god Zeus.. The Greeks believed that the 12 most The Greeks believed that the 12 most important and most powerful gods lived important and most powerful gods lived on top of a mountain in Northern Greece on top of a mountain in Northern Greece known as known as Mount OlympusMount Olympus.. From this holy From this holy mountain, the people believed that the gods mountain, the people believed that the gods ruled, and controlled all aspects of the ruled, and controlled all aspects of the natural world, as well as all aspects of the natural world, as well as all aspects of the lives of individual people. lives of individual people.

There are many gods in Greek mythology. The Greeks believed that the gods lived on Mount

Olympus.

The Greek Pantheon of Gods

Summit of Mt Olympus

The Olympian Gods

Mount Olympus

Athens

Demeter – Demeter – Goddess ofGoddess ofHarvestHarvest

Aphrodite-Aphrodite-Goddess ofGoddess ofBeauty,loveBeauty,love

Dionysus – God ofDionysus – God ofWineWine

Artemis-Artemis-GoddessGoddessof the Huntof the Hunt

Ares –Ares –God of WarGod of War

Hephaestus –Hephaestus –God of FireGod of Fire

Zeus –Zeus –King ofKing ofGodsGods

Hera- Hera- Goddess Goddess of of MarriageMarriage

Apollo –Apollo –God ofGod ofProphecy, Prophecy, MusicMusic

Athena-Athena-Goddess Goddess of of WisdomWisdom

Hermes-Hermes-MessengMessenger Goder God

Poseidon – Poseidon – God ofGod ofthe Seathe Sea

Zeus: king of the gods, god of sky and thunder.Hera: wife and sister of Zeus and goddess of marriage.Poseidon: god of the sea.Ares: god of war.Hermes, the messenger of the gods, was also the god

of orators, literature and poets.Hephaestus: god of blacksmiths, craftsmen and

artisans.Aphrodite: goddess of love.Athena: goddess of wisdom, strategy, and war. Apollo: god of the sun.Artemis: goddess of the moon and hunting. Hestia: goddess of the hearth and the family. Demeter: goddess of agriculture. Dionysus: god of wine, civilization and peace.Hades: god of the underworld.Persephone: goddess of the underworld.

The Greek Gods of Olympus

The First Olympic games, 776 BCE

According to Greek mythology, the Olympic games began in 776 BCE, as a treaty between three city-states. They agreed not to make war during the

time of the games.

The winner of the games was given a wreath made out of an olive branch from Zeus’ sacred forest.

Olive Branch

Olympic Running Chariot Racing

The Olympics were held every four years during July or August.

The first Olympics lasted only one day with one contest, the running of one Stadion (about

200 yards).

There were 10 events: running, the pentathlon, jumping, discus, javelin, wrestling, boxing, the pancration (combination

boxing-wrestling), chariot racing, and horse racing.

All Greeks who were free citizens and had not committed murder or heresy had the right to

take part in the Olympic Games. Women could not participate or even watch the games. However, they could own the race horses.

By 5 BCE, the games lasted five days.

Boxing

Your Greek GodYour Greek God• NameName

• God of what?God of what?

• PicturePicture–At least 5 colorsAt least 5 colors

–No WhiteNo White