greek civilization
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Greek Civilization. Lesson 1. Geography. Greece has two peninsulas: Attica and Peloponnesus Greece is covered in mountains which are not good for farming They did grow olives and raise sheep and goats Most Greeks live within 40 miles of the sea Greeks became: Fishermen Sailors - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Greek CivilizationLesson 1
Greece has two peninsulas: Attica and Peloponnesus
Greece is covered in mountains which are not good for farming◦ They did grow olives and raise sheep and goats
Most Greeks live within 40 miles of the sea Greeks became:
◦ Fishermen◦ Sailors◦ Shipbuilders◦ Traders
Geography
Minoans◦ Lived on the island of Crete◦ Grew wealthy from trade◦ A tsunami may have washed over Crete
Mycenaeans◦ Captured the Greek mainland◦ Built hilltop forts◦ Were conquered by the Dorians who had iron weapons
The Phoenicians◦ Lived in present day Lebanon◦ Great traders who set up cities along their trade routes◦ Spread culture and ideas along their trade routes◦ Created the alphabet similar to the one we use today
Civilizations
Practiced Polytheism◦ There were 12 main god and goddesses◦ Gods played roles in humans daily lives and
controlled natural events◦ Greeks created festivals to honor the gods
such as the Olympic Games
Religion
Socrates◦ Teacher◦ Lead discussion about ways to live◦ Questioned the ways of Athens and was
sentenced to death◦ His student Plato wrote down his teachings and
taught Aristotle
Philosophy
Comedies end happily Tragedies the main character is defeated or
dies
Famous Poet: Homer◦ Wrote epics◦ The Iliad
Describes the war between the Greeks and the Trojans◦ The Odyssey
Describes the adventures of Odysseus who left the Greek army at the end of the Trojan War and took almost 20 years to get home
Drama and Epics
Greek Gods and Goddesses
God of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts, earthquakes, and the creator of horses; known as the "Earth Shaker".
He is a son of Cronus and Rhea and brother to Zeus and Hades.
He rules one of the three realms of the universe as king of the sea and the waters.
His Roman counterpart was Neptune.
Poseidon
King of the underworld and the dead, and god of the earth's hidden wealth, both agricultural produce and precious metals.
He was one of three sons of Cronus and Rhea, and thus sovereign over one of the three realms of the universe, the underworld.
The Romans translated Plouton as Dis Pater ("the Rich Father") or Pluto.
Hades/ Pluto
Virgin goddess of the hearth, home and chastity.
She is a daughter of Rhea and Cronus and sister of Zeus.
Her counterpart Vesta, however, was a major deity of the Roman state.
Hestia
Goddess of grain, agriculture and the harvest, growth and nourishment.
Demeter is a daughter of Cronus and Rhea and sister of Zeus.
Ceres was her Roman counterpart.
Demeter
Queen of the heavens and goddess of marriage, women, childbirth, heirs, kings, and empires.
She is the wife of Zeus and daughter of Cronus and Rhea.
Although she was the goddess of marriage, Zeus's many affairs drive her to jealousy and vengefulness.
At Rome she was known as Juno.
Hera
King of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus and the god of the sky, weather, thunder, lightning, law, order, and fate.
He is the youngest son of Cronus and Rhea.
He overthrew Cronus and gained the sovereignty of heaven for himself.
His counterpart Jupiter, also known as Jove, was the supreme deity of the Romans.
Zeus
Goddess of intelligence and skill, warfare, battle strategy, handicrafts, and wisdom.
According to most traditions, she was born from Zeus's head fully formed and armored.
She was a special patron of heroes such as Odysseus. She was also the patron of the city Athens (which was named after her).
The Romans identified her with Minerva.
Athena
God of fire, metalworking, and crafts. The son of Hera by parthenogenesis,
he is the smith of the gods and the husband of the adulterous Aphrodite.
Among his creations was the armor of Achilles.
Hephaestus used the fire of the forge as a creative force, but his Roman counterpart Volcanus (Vulcan) was feared for his destructive potential and associated with the volcanic power of the earth.
Hephaestus
Goddess of love, beauty, desire, and pleasure.
Although married to Hephaestus she had many boyfriends, such as Ares.
Her Roman counterpart was Venus.
Aphrodite
God of war, bloodshed, and violence.
The son of Zeus and Hera.
Homer portrays him as moody and unreliable.
His Roman counterpart Mars by contrast was regarded as the dignified ancestor of the Roman people.
Ares
Virgin goddess of the hunt, wilderness, animals, young girls, childbirth and plague. In later times she became associated with the moon.
She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and twin sister of Apollo.
Diana was her Roman counterpart.
Artemis
God of light, music, arts, knowledge, healing, plague and darkness, prophecy, poetry, purity, athletism, manly beauty, and enlightenment.
He is the son of Zeus and Leto, and the twin brother of Artemis.
As brother and sister, they were identified with the sun and moon
Apollo
Alexander’s EmpireLesson 2
Ancient Greece and Asia Minor
Acropolis: a walled hill where people could seek safety from an attack
Agora: a market or meeting place
The Growth of City-States
Types of governments:◦ Monarchy- ruled by a king
Could be a tyrant – cruel and unfair◦ Oligarchy- ruled by the wealthy and powerful
(group)◦ Democracy- citizens participate
Only male citizens could vote in Greece Greek democracy would influence the U.S.
The Growth of City-States
Sparta VS Athens
Sparta Athens
Government◦ Two kings◦ Council of elders
Education◦ Boys trained for military◦ Girls trained to be mothers of
soldiers Women
◦ Women had some legal rights
*Military*
Government◦ Limited democracy◦ All citizens voted◦ Only males were citizens
Education◦ Wealthy boys went to school◦ Poor boys learned a trade◦ Girls were taught at home
Women◦ Women had few rights and
rarely appeared in public
*Culture*
Persians lived in what is now today Iran The Persians conquered Greek city-states
along Asia Minor
War with Persia
Darius- the Persian King expected Greece to fall like many of the city-states, but it didn’t
Smaller Greek armies defeated larger Persian armies
War with Persia
Athens grew rich and powerful Sparta and its allies attacked Athens Athenians hid behind their walls and had
the navy bring food into the city Plague broke out and killed 1/3 of the city
◦ Including the ruler Pericles This caused the city to surrender
The Peloponnesian War
He came from Macedon Son of Philip who conquered all of the city
states of Greece He became ruler at age 20
Alexander the Great
Conquered Asia Minor and Egypt Defeated the Persians and captured their treasury Finally, he invaded India Made ancient city of Babylon his capitol By the age of 32 he was the ruler of the largest empire in the world
Alexander the Great
After his death, the empire was divided among his generals
This time period after his death is known as the Hellenistic era◦ Greek language, customs, and culture influenced
regions for the next 700 years
Alexander the Great