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G r G G e e k e e a n a a d n n R o R R m o o a m m n a a A r A A c h c c i h h t i i e c t c u t r u u e G r e e k a n d R o m a n A r c h it e c t u r e i n S i n g a p or e C i v i c D i s t r i c t fb.com/sgsure sure.nl.sg s ource Look at its origins. Is it trustworthy? u nderstand Know what you’re reading. Search for clarity. r esearch Dig deeper. Go beyond the initial source. e valuate Find the balance. Exercise fair judgement. A guide to finding out more about Greek and Roman influences in the architecture of Singapore’s historic buildings Greek and Roman Architecture The art and architecture from the ancient civilisations of Greece and Rome have enduring and widespread influence around the world. At its peak in 5th century BC, various great sculptures, structures and artwork were produced in classical Greek style. When the Romans came into power thereafter, they absorbed much of the Greeks’ culture and arts. The combination of the Greco-Roman cultural fusion was often referred to as the ‘classical’ civilisation. Overview Features and Terms Columns are a common feature in Greek and Roman architecture. They come in 3 different orders: Doric • Thick • Wide, shallow flutings • No base, rising directly from floor • Tops of columns are plain Ionic • Slimmer than Doric • Deeper fluting • Stands on a base • Supports a capital with spiral scrolls, and an entablature with small projecting blocks and decorations Corinthian • Longer and slimmer than Ionic • Elaborate carvings on capital, with inverted scrolls Capital Entablature Classical Architecture Architectural style from the 5th century BC in Greece to 3rd century AD in Rome, dominated by the columns and pediments. Pediment A common element of classical architecture. Refers to the triangular portion below the top of the roof, usually supported by columns that lead to the entrance of buildings. Neo-classical Refers to the movement where there was revival of classical architecture, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries.

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Page 1: Greek and Roman Architecture - National Library Board · Greek and Roman Architecture The art and architecture from the ancient civilisations of Greece and Rome have enduring and

GrGG eekee anaa dnn RoRR moo amm naa ArAA chcc ihh tii ectc ut ruu eGreek and Roman Architecture in Singapore Civic District

fb.com/sgsuresure.nl.sg source

Look at its origins. Is it trustworthy? understand

Know what you’re reading. Search for clarity. research

Dig deeper. Go beyond the initial source. evaluate

Find the balance. Exercise fair judgement.

A guide to finding out more about Greek and Roman influences in the architecture of

Singapore’s historic buildings

Greek and Roman Architecture

The art and architecture from the ancient civilisations of Greece and Rome have enduring and widespread influence around the world. At its peak in 5th century BC, various great sculptures, structures and artwork were produced in classical Greek style. When the Romans came into power thereafter, they absorbed much of the Greeks’ culture and arts.

The combination of the Greco-Roman cultural fusion was often referred to as the ‘classical’ civilisation.

Overview

Features and Terms Columns are a common feature in Greek and Roman architecture. They come in 3 different orders:

Doric• Thick

• Wide, shallow flutings

• No base, rising directly from floor

• Tops of columns are plain

Ionic• Slimmer than Doric

• Deeper fluting

• Stands on a base

• Supports a capital with spiral scrolls, and an entablature with small projecting blocks and decorations

Corinthian• Longer and

slimmer than Ionic

• Elaborate carvings on capital, with inverted scrolls

Capital

Entablature

Classical ArchitectureArchitectural style from the 5th century BC in Greece to 3rd century AD in Rome, dominated by the columns and pediments.

PedimentA common element of classical architecture. Refers to the triangular portion below the top of the roof, usually supported by columns that lead to the entrance of buildings.

Neo-classicalRefers to the movement where there was revival of classical architecture, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Page 2: Greek and Roman Architecture - National Library Board · Greek and Roman Architecture The art and architecture from the ancient civilisations of Greece and Rome have enduring and

fb.com/sgsuresure.nl.sg source

Look at its origins. Is it trustworthy? understand

Know what you’re reading. Search for clarity. research

Dig deeper. Go beyond the initial source. evaluate

Find the balance. Exercise fair judgement.

Fullerton HotelA neoclassical style building with Doric columns, the building served various functions before being converted to the luxury hotel that it is today. It used to house the General Post Office (GPO), and served as the Japanese administrative department during the war years.

Cathedral of Good ShepherdAs the oldest Roman Catholic church in Singapore, the Cathedral of Good Shepherd is also significant in its architectural style. Said to be reminiscent of a Classical or Renaissance style, the church structure includes a pediment supported by Doric columns.

City HallDesigned by Municipal Architects A.Gordon and F.D Meadows, the neoclassical building has fluted Corinthian columns lined along its façade. Originally known as the Municipal Building, the building used to be the offices of various governmental administrative bodies.

Old Supreme CourtContaining courtrooms, a Court of Appeal, a library, a registry and offices, the Supreme Court was designed to match the façade of City Hall that was situated just beside it. Corinthian and Ionic columns support the structure, while a pediment sculpture showing an allegory of justice sits atop the columns.

National Museum of SingaporeOriginally Raffles Institution, and then Raffles Library and Museum, the National Museum of Singapore is referred to as a neoclassical building. It is designed by Major McCallum.

Civic District in Singapore• The civic district refers to the area

near Singapore River, which was the historic birthplace of Singapore.

• Many government offices were located at the area during the British Rule.

What are some of the buildings?Some of the significant landmarks in Civic District include the old City Hall, Supreme Court, Parliament House, Victoria Concert Hall and Theatre, and the old General Post Office (today’s Fullerton Hotel). Various historically-significant churches can also be found in this area.

As of the time of publication, the old Supreme Court and City Hall are in the midst of being converted into the National Art Gallery (to be opened in 2015)

Focus on the shaded area in your research

Greek and Roman Architecture

Singapore Civic District

Greek and Roman Architecture in Singapore Civic

District

Page 3: Greek and Roman Architecture - National Library Board · Greek and Roman Architecture The art and architecture from the ancient civilisations of Greece and Rome have enduring and

Given a task of researching Greek and Roman architectural features in Singapore’s civic district, what should you do?

Here are some quick steps to conduct your task!

Steps to conducting Research

Greek and Roman Architecture Singapore’s civic district

fb.com/sgsuresure.nl.sg source

Look at its origins. Is it trustworthy? understand

Know what you’re reading. Search for clarity. research

Dig deeper. Go beyond the initial source. evaluate

Find the balance. Exercise fair judgement.

Identifying Greek and Roman architectural features in buildings of Singapore’s civic district

What are the features of Greek and Roman architecture?

Where is this located?What are the buildings found there?

Make use of the materials available in the library.

Step1. Break down your task and identify

the keywords.

Ask questions

2.StepFind out

more about each keyword.

Visit the library or explore the following online databases (Go to eresources.nlb.gov.sg to access them)

Ancient History and Medieval

Browse photos of buildings in the civic district on

Picture SG (pictures.nl.sg)

Encyclopædia Britannica

Credo Reference: History

3.StepPut together your findings and link them together to

complete your task.

References:

WebsitesUrban Redevelopment Authority (2013), ‘Civic and Cultural District by the bay’, Retrieved from: http://www.ura.gov.sg/MS/DMP2013/regional-highlights/central-area/Civic%20and%20Cultural%20District%20by%20the%20Bay.aspx

National Art Gallery, Singapore (2013) ‘About the Building’, Retrieved from http://nationalartgallery.sg/buildings/

E-databases (access from eresources.nlb.gov.sg)Encyclopædia BritannicaAncient and Medieval History Online.

BooksNardo, D. (2012) Ancient Greek art and architecture, Detroit: Gale Cengage Learning (Call Number 709.38)

Curriculum Planning and Development Division (1997) The civic district: Teachers’ notes, Singapore: Ministry of Education (Call Number q711.551095957 CIV)

Lee, E (1990), Historic Buildings of Singapore, Singapore: Preservations of Monuments Board, (Call Number 720.95957 Lee)

Greek and Roman Architecture

Present your findings!

Singapore Civic DistrictRelated terms: Ionic, Doric,

Corinthian, Classical, Neo-classicalBuildings in the Civic District

(Fullerton Building, Old Supreme Court and City Hall etc)


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