Great Neck South Middle School

Technology

Energy and Electricity Introduction

What is energy?

Energy is the ability to do work, or cause change. Energy is literally what makes the world and everything in it go. Energy is the magic stuff stored in the battery that makes the flashlight work. The gasoline in a car’s gas tank contains energy. The car’s engine merely converts the gasoline’s energy into a usable form.

While there are many forms and sources of energy,

there are only two types:

Potential

Kinetic

Kinetic “energy associated with

motion.”

When discussing kinetic energy, it’s important to keep in mind that the mass and velocity of an object determine its kinetic energy. We can take a look at kinetic energy by throwing a basketball and a baseball.

Potential“The energy something has which is

stored and not moving.” “the energy that a piece of matter has because of

its position or because of the arrangement of parts” because the matter has the potential, or opportunity, to do work.

There are two types of potential energy: elastic potential energy and gravitational potential energy.

Water behind a dam has gravitational potential energy.

A stretched rubber band has elastic potential

Forms of energy Mechanical — the energy of motion Electrical — think lightning or electricity moving

through electrical wires Electromagnetic or radiant — energy of

magnetism and light Chemical — energy produced by chemical

reactions like those that occur in batteries Nuclear — potential energy stored in the nuclei of

atoms

Sound — the energy of vibrating sound waves Heat – from burning fuel or the earth

Energy Conversion

Many of the devices we use every day convert energy from one form to another.

These devices are called transducers.

Transducers

Flashlight — converts chemical energy (stored in the battery) to electrical energy to light the bulb.

The bulb converts the electrical energy to electromagnetic or

radiant energy.

Transducers

Toaster — converts electrical energy into thermal energy.

Car engine — converts the chemical energy stored in the gasoline into mechanical and thermal energy.

What do transducers do?

Convert one energy type to another.

How do we produce electricity?

Generators - - - - > MechanicalBatteries - - - - - > ChemicalsPhotovoltaic Cells - > LightPiezio electric - - > Pressure

Generator – A mechanical device that produces electricity by a process of rotating a magnet inside a coil of copper wire. A generator is a transducer that uses rotary mechanical motion to produces electricity.

Industrial & Home Electrical Generators

Battery

Photovoltaic Cells

Piezio Electric

Renewable Energy Vs. Non Renewable

Natural Energy All Renewable

Non Consumed when used

Solar

Wind

Water

Geothermal

Energy Existing in Nature

Natural energy sources are ALL RENEWABLE

Wind Energy

Wind Farm

Wind Farm

Middlegruden

Wind Farm

Wind Farm

Wind Turbine Generator

LIPA wind farm

Heat Energy

Geothermal – heat from the earth

Solar Thermal – heat from the sun

Solar Energy

Light Heat

Solar Energy

Light energy -- Electrical energy

Uses Photovoltaic Cell

Solar Energy

Water must be Moving• Hydroelectric Power- dams & rivers• Tidal – vertical movement of tides• Wave – using the up/down motion of

waves• Thermal-using the temperature difference

of oceans

Water Energy

Hydroelectric

Tidal

Wave

Oregon State Wave Park

A 2.25-megawatt project off the coast of Portugal went on line this fall (2008), becoming the world's first commercial wave-energy development in operation. It can supply 1,500 households with electricity.

Ocean Thermal

Fuels

Fuels

AdvantagesPortableStorable

DisadvantagesPollute

Energy from Fuels

Must Be Burned to Create SteamPollute

Some are :RenewableNon Renewable

Renewable Fuels

Replaceable in a short period of time Biomass - - - - -> Once alive Plants

Trees-WoodCorn, Sugar Cane –Ethanol AlcoholAlgae

Garbage

Biomass as Fuels

Non Renewable Fuels

Non Renewable Fuels

Fossil FuelsPetroleum- Oil

GasolineHeating OilPlastics

CoalNatural Gas

Non Renewable Energy

Nuclear Fission - split atomsFusion – combine atoms

Energy Conservation

Shut off lights Fluorescent/Compact lights

RecycleReduceReuse

What do biomass and fossil fuels have in common?

BurnablePollute

Name two advantages to fuels and why we use them.

PortableStorable

What energy source do you think is the safest, cleanest, easiest to use?

Great New York Blackout

Hopefully Not

The End