gre rc practice module
TRANSCRIPT
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LEVEL I [261 to 320]
Passage 1 [FINISHED] [LEVEL I] [LONG PASSAGE]
According to Classical-era mythology, after the overthrow of the Titans, the new
pantheon of gods and goddesses was confirmed. Among the principal Greek godswere the Olympians, residing atop Mount Olympus under the eye of Zeus. Besides
the Olympians, the Greeks worshipped various gods of the countryside, river
gods, Satyrs, and others. In addition, there were the dark powers of the
underworld.
In the wide variety of myths and legends that Greek mythology consists of, the
gods that were native to the Greek peoples are described as having essentially
corporeal but ideal bodies. According to Walter Burkert, the defining characteristic
of Greek anthropomorphism is that "the Greek gods are persons, not abstractions,
ideas or concepts". Regardless of their underlying forms, the Ancient Greek godshave many fantastic abilities; most significantly, the gods are not affected by
disease, and can be wounded only under highly unusual circumstances. The
Greeks considered immortality as the distinctive characteristic of their gods; this
immortality, as well as unfading youth, was insured by the constant use of nectar
and ambrosia, by which the divine blood was renewed in their veins.
Each god descends from his or her own genealogy, pursues differing interests, has
a certain area of expertise, and is governed by a unique personality; however,
these descriptions arise from a multiplicity of archaic local variants, which do not
always agree with one another. When these gods are called upon in poetry, prayeror cult, they are referred to by a combination of their name and epithets, that
identify them by these distinctions from other manifestations of themselves.
Alternatively the epithet may identify a particular and localized aspect of the god,
sometimes thought to be already ancient during the classical epoch of Greece.
Most gods were associated with specific aspects of life. For example, Aphrodite
was the goddess of love and beauty, Ares was the god of war, Hades the god of
the dead, and Athena the goddess of wisdom and courage. Some gods, such as
Apollo and Dionysus, revealed complex personalities and mixtures of functions,
while others, such as Hestia (literally "hearth") and Helios (literally "sun"), werelittle more than personifications. The most impressive temples tended to be
dedicated to a limited number of gods, who were the focus of large pan-Hellenic
cults. It was, however, common for individual regions and villages to devote their
own cults to minor gods. Many cities also honored the more well-known gods with
unusual local rites and associated strange myths with them that were unknown
elsewhere.
For all three questions, select ONE answer choice
[1] The author of the passage is primarily concerned with presenting
A. An understanding of Greek mythology.B. An overview of Greek Gods
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C. The concept of Classical-era mythology.
D. An overview of Greek Gods in Classical-era mythology.
E. A discussion on different myths, legends & characteristics related to Greek
Gods.
[2] The last paragraph of the passage performs which of the following
functions?
A. Provides examples for the earlier three paragraphs.
B. Provides examples to support what is stated in the previous paragraph.
C. Provides examples to contradict what is stated in the previous paragraph.
D. Provides examples to neutralize what is stated in the previous paragraphs.
E. Provides conclusions for the entire passage.
[3] According to the passage, which of the following is true ?
A. The Greek Gods can neither be wounded nor can they die.
B. Olympians were the only Greek Gods.
C. Few cities conducted unusual local rites and associated strange myths with the
more well-known gods.
D. Walter Burkert was an expert on Greek mythology.
E. Each Greek God has an unique personality & is an expert in a certain area
Passage 2 [FINISHED] [LEVEL I] [MEDIUM PASSAGE]
The digital display showed that over the previous two days, the pavilion like
structure, designed by architectural and engineering students from Virginia Tech,
had drawn about 20 kilowatt-hours from the electric grid. But during the same
period, double-sided photovoltaic cells on the roof had pumped about 60 kilowatt-
hours back.
Thats pretty good, said Mr. Hamilton, who was tweaking the houses control
systems on Thursday afternoon because his firm, Siemens, is a sponsor. We rode
it hard this morning.
The Virginia Tech team members had been busy with last-minute preparations for
the opening of their project, called Lumenhaus, and of the Solar Decathlon, afederal Department of Energy competition to design and build an efficient and
livable solar-powered dwelling. The 10-day event includes 20 student teams from
universities in the United States, Canada and Europe.
Some groups had been scurrying around even more frantically. Students and
faculty advisers from the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, were in hard hats,
sawing and hammering, and were still working long after the 1 p.m. opening
ceremonies. The Virginia Tech houses net production of energy will be worth
some points in the competition. But it and the other entries will not be judged by
electrical use alone. There are points to be had for architectural design,engineering skill, comfort and marketability 10 categories in all.
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The idea is to prove to people that solar works, and you dont have to give up
your lifestyle to use it, said Richard King, director of the biennial competition for
the Energy Department, which gives $100,000 to each team to get the projects
started. The event is also meant to get the students to think about solving energy
problems in affordable ways all the projects have to be geared to a specificmarket, from low to high income.
The houses, which are limited to 800 square feet, are fully outfitted with furniture,
appliances and furnishings even sheets, towels and books. Team members do
not live in them, but they have to do household activities like cooking and
washing clothes, and are judged on whether their systems can maintain
comfortable air temperatures and produce enough hot water. The television has to
be left on six hours each day, to demonstrate that there is enough electricity for
entertainment.
For both questions, consider each of the choices separately and select
all that apply.
[1] If the statements in the passage are true, which of the following
must also be true?
A. The 800 square feet houses are being used for solar energy testing purposes.
B. Net production of energy is not the only criteria for judging projects.
C. Mr. Hamilton is a part of Virginia Tech.
[2] The passage is most probably drawn from, which of the following
sources?
A. A complete entry in a encyclopedia of the energy sciences.
B. A newspaper article.
C. Extracts from a article in a Physics journal.
For this question, select ONE answer choice.
[3] The style of the passage can be best described as
A. Scholarly B. Biased C. Skeptical D. Informative E. Optimistic
Passage 3 [EDITED] [LEVEL I]
Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Wrttemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. Six
weeks later the family moved to Munich, where he later on began his schooling at
the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his
education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal
Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and
mathematics. In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss
citizenship and, as he was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position
as technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905 he obtained his doctor's
degree.
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During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of
his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909
he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical
Physics at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In
1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute andProfessor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and
remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political
reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical
Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from
his post in 1945.
After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government
Movement, he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he
declined, and he collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the
Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the
determination to solve them. He had a strategy of his own and was able to
visualize the main stages on the way to his goal. He regarded his major
achievements as mere stepping-stones for the next advance.
At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian
mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to
reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. He
dealt with classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they
were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian
movement of molecules. He investigated the thermal properties of light with a low
radiation density and his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of
light.
LEVEL I
PassageNo.
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5
1 A B E
2 A & B B & C D
LEVEL II [321 to 330]
Passage 1 [EDITED] [LEVEL II]
In the United States, the Bill of Rights is the name by which the first ten
amendments to the United States Constitution are known. They were introduced
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by James Madison to the First United States Congress in 1789 as a series of
articles, and came into effect on December 15, 1791, when they had been ratified
by three-fourths of the States. Thomas Jefferson was a proponent of the Bill of
Rights.
The Bill of Rights prohibits Congress from making any law respecting an
establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, forbids
infringement of "... the right of the people to keep and bear Arms ...", and
prohibits the federal government from depriving any person of life, liberty, or
property, without due process of law. In federal criminal cases, it requires
indictment by grand jury for any capital or "infamous crime", guarantees a speedy
public trial with an impartial jury composed of members of the state or judicial
district in which the crime occurred, and prohibits double jeopardy. In addition, the
Bill of Rights states that "the enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights,
shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people," andreserves all powers not granted to the federal government to the citizenry or
States. Most of these restrictions were later applied to the states by a series of
decisions applying the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which
was ratified in 1868, after the American Civil War.
Madison proposed the Bill of Rights while ideological conflict between Federalists
and anti-Federalists, dating from the 1787 Philadelphia Convention, threatened
the overall ratification of the new national Constitution. It largely responded to the
Constitution's influential opponents, including prominent Founding Fathers, who
argued that the Constitution should not be ratified because it failed to protect thebasic principles of human liberty. The Bill was influenced by George Mason's 1776
Virginia Declaration of Rights, the 1689 English Bill of Rights, works of the Age of
Enlightenment pertaining to natural rights, and earlier English political documents
such as Magna Carta (1215).
Two additional articles were proposed to the States; only the final ten articles were
ratified quickly and correspond to the First through Tenth Amendments to the
Constitution. The first Article, dealing with the number and apportionment of U.S.
Representatives, never became part of the Constitution. The second Article,
limiting the ability of Congress to increase the salaries of its members, wasratified two centuries later as the 27th Amendment. Though they are incorporated
into the document known as the "Bill of Rights", neither article establishes a right
as that term is used today. For that reason, and also because the term had been
applied to the first ten amendments long before the 27th Amendment was
ratified, the term "Bill of Rights" in modern U.S. usage means only the ten
amendments ratified in 1791.
The Bill of Rights plays a central role in American law and government, and
remains a fundamental symbol of the freedoms and culture of the nation. One of
the original fourteen copies of the Bill of Rights is on public display at the NationalArchives in Washington, D.C.
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LEVEL III [331 to 340]
Passage 1 [EDITED] [LEVEL III]
If you are casting the cards in a Tarot reading for another person, as a sensitive
reader, you should always address the death card immediately when it appears ina reading, and then go back to the rest of the reading. The "Seeker" (who is
receiving the reading) should be reassured that the "death" being depicted here is
symbolic and transformational, not literal. You might even encourage the
individual to discuss his or her reactions to the card, relating it to events that may
be occurring in his or her life. The white rose which the Death figures hold is the
symbol of rebirth. It also portrays the mystery which surrounds death and
transformation. Since there is no Tarot card that specifically portrays birth, we
may wonder: Is the Death card really the birth card? The cycles of life, especially
birth and death are mysterious and paradoxical. Such mystery is embedded in the
Tarot's system. It is meant to challenge you and allow you to explore the meaning
of life on a deeper level and from a broader perspective.
When this card appears in your reading, it may be an invitation to embrace
change and transformation, especially as it refers to your consciousness or past
lifestyle. As such, it represents the quintessential example of "letting go." Its
appearance may encourage you as you are clearing out the old and making way
for the new. You can even meditate on the Death card in a creative visualization
process, allowing its potent imagery to infuse your unconscious with its implied
invitation to trust the process of transformation and release. The Death card can
assist you in dissolving any negative forces which, knowingly or unknowingly,
have taken root in your unconscious mind.
At other times, the Death card may appear in your reading when there are
changes which you know you need to make but which you are resisting. The
potent Death imagery may serve to remind you that the more you hate something
and the more you run from it, the more you are bound to it. You are caught by
that which you seek to avoid. Resistance leads to persistence and sometimes that
resistance to a problem or situation may actually help to maintain it. The Death
card may help you to release resistance. As the symbolism makes contact with
your deep mind, it retrieves the more elevated doctrine that shows the meaning
of death in a broader context. You can never know what miracles, what healing,
what insight or growth might come to you through the difficult times of your life
and as you face life's challenges. It is likely that the Spirit flowing through your
periods of change or difficulty will bring an expanded life, a greater self or a
greater good. The symbolic death that follows may allow you to move forward. For
example, perhaps you are holding onto friendships that are no longer supportive
or nurturing. Perhaps your career or job is no longer satisfying. The Death card's
appearance in your reading may be inviting you to deliberately address the issues
at hand regarding these changes. Perhaps Death asks, "Is it time to let go andmove on? Can you trust that some greater good will come to you as you surrender
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to the change?"
It can be one of life's greatest challenges to know when it is time to let go and
allow "death" to claim whatever is being embraced. Meditation on the Death card
may allow you to discern if, and when, it is time to let go, to mourn and grieve if
necessary, and prepares you to be open to whatever is next. The Death card may
guide you through a loss or sorrow so that you will not dwell on it excessively.
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