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Greater Anatolia and the Indo-Hittite language family. Journal of Indo-European studies Monograph series: No 38. Washington D.C. 2001.Ø»Í ²Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ý ¨ ÑÝ¹Ë»Ã³Ï³Ý É»½íÁÝï³ÝÇùÁ. Ðݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ý¹»ëÇ Ù»Ý³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ß³ñù, ÃÇí 38. ì³ßÇÝ·ïáÝ 2001:

Ðݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ݳ˳ɻ½íÇ ³Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ï³Ý ï»Õ³ÛݳóÙ³Ý ¨ ѳñ³ÏÇó ѳñó»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É ³Ûë µ³ó³éÇÏ Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáÕ Ñ³ïáñÝ Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ ¿ 2000 Ã. Ù³ñïÇ 18-19-ÇÝ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý èÇãÙáݹ ù³Õ³ùáõÙ (ìÇñ·ÇÝdz) ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³Í ·Çï³ÅáÕáíÇ ÝÛáõûñÁ` ½»ÏáõóáõÙÝ»ñÝ áõ ùÝݳñÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ:

ÐÝ¹Ë»Ã³Ï³Ý ÑÇåáû½Ý ³é³ç ¿ ù³ßí»É 1920-³Ï»»ñÇ ëϽµÇÝ ä. Îñ»ãÙ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó, Ó¨³íáñí»É 20-30-³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ ¿. êï³ñ勉ÝïÇ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñáõÙ ¨ 1970-³Ï³Ý»ñÇÝ í»ñ³Ó¨³Ï»ñåí»É àõ. ø³áõçÇÉÇ ÏáÕÙÇó: ØÇÝ㨠í»ñçÑñë ³ÛÝ É³ÛÝ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý ãÇ ³ñųݳó»É ¨ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ Ù»ñÅí»É ¿: Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë, ³ÛÝ ï³ñµ»ñ ٳϳñ¹³ÏÝ»ñáí` ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ, Ù³ëݳÏÇáñ»Ý ϳ٠·áÝ» ³ÝáõÝáí ëÏë»É ¿ ³ñÅ³Ý³Ý³É ×³Ý³ãÙ³Ý:

ÀݹѳÝáõñ ·Í»ñáí ѳñóÇ ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿. ³Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñÁ ˻ûñ»ÝÁ, ÉáõíÇ»ñ»ÝÁ, ³å³ ¨ Éǹǻñ»ÝÁ, ÉÇÏÇ»ñ»ÝÁ ¨ ϳñÇ»ñ»ÝÁ ³ÏÝѳÛïáñ»Ý ³½·³ÏÇó »Ý ÙÛáõë Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñÇÝ, µ³Ûó ¨ Ý߳ݳϳÉÇáñ»Ý ï³ñµ»ñíáõÙ »Ý ÝÁ³ÝóÇó: êáíáñ³µ³ñ ³Û¹ É»½áõÝ»ñÁ ¹ÇïíáõÙ »Ý Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý É»½í³ËÙµÇ ×ÛáõÕ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ: ÐÝ¹Ë»Ã³Ï³Ý í³ñϳÍÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ, ³Ý³ïáÉÇëõÏ³Ý ¨ ÙÛáõë Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñÇ Ù³Ûñ É»½áõÝ` ݳ˳Ñݹ֊˻ûñ»ÝÁ ëϽµÇó µ³Å³Ýí»É ¿ »ñÏáõ ×ÛáõÕÇ` ³Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ï³Ý ¨ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý: ²é³çÇÝÇ Å³é³Ý·Ý»ñÝ »Ý íϳÛí³Í ³Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñÁ, ÇëÏ »ñÏñáñ¹Á, Ý߳ݳϳÉÇáñ»Ý ³í»ÉÇ áõß, ÝáñÇó ×ÛáõÕ³íáñí»É ¿, áñÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí ëÏǽµ »Ý ³é»É ÙÛáõë Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý õ»½áõÝ»ñÁ: »¨ ³Ûë Ùá¹»ÉÁ, ÃíáõÙ ¿, û ß³ï ãÇ ï³ñµ»ñíáõÙ ³í³Ý¹³Ï³Ý Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÇó, µ³Ûó ¨ ³ÛÝå»ë, ϳñáÕ ¿ ëÏǽµ ¹Ý»É µ³½áõÙ Ýáñ Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÇ áõ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ:

Ðݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý Ù³Ûñ É»½íÇ Ï³Ù, ³ÛÉ Ï»ñå ³ë³Í, Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý §Ý³Ë³Ñ³Ûñ»ÝÇùǦ ï»Õ³ÛݳóÙ³Ý ³é³çÇÝ ÷áñÓÝ ³ÛÝ Ï³å»É ¿ ²ñ³ñ³ï É»é³Ý ÑÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ É³Ýç»ñÇ Ñ»ï (Áëï ²ëïí³Í³ßÝãÛ³Ý ³í³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý): XX ¹. ÑÇÝ Ñݹ»íñáå³óÇÝ»ñÇ ³Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ï³Ý Í³·Ù³Ý ï»ë³Ï»ïÝ ³é³çÇÝ ³Ý·³Ù ·Çï³Ï³Ý ٳϳñ¹³Ïáí ³é³ç³¹ñí»É ¿ 1973-ÇÝ, ³Ý·ÉdzóÇ Ñݳ·»ï ø. è»ÝýñÛáõÇ ÙÇ Ñá¹í³ÍáõÙ: ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ ·ÇïݳϳÝÝ»ñ Â. ¶³ÙÏñ»ÉÇÓ»Ý ¨ ì. Æí³ÝáíÝ Çñ»Ýó ϳåÇï³É ³ß˳ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç1, ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ É»½í³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³, ï»Õ³ÛݳóÝáõÙ »Ý ³Û¹ §Ý³Ë³Ñ³Ûñ»ÝÇùÁ¦ гÛÏ³Ï³Ý É»éݳß˳ñÑáõÙ ¨ ѳñ³ÏÇó ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñáõÙ: 1987-ÇÝ Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏíáõÙ ¿ ø. è»ÝýñÛáõÇ ·ÇñùÁ, áñï»Õ, ³ñ¹»Ý ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ Ñݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý Ùáï»óÙ³Ý ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³, §Ý³Ë³Ñ³Ûñ»ÝÇùÁ¦ ï»Õ³ÛݳóíáõÙ ¿ ѳñ³í-Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ²Ý³ïáÉdzÛáõÙ (â³Ã³É-ÐÛáõÛáõù): ä»ïù ¿ Ýß»É, áñ û¨ ÝÙ³Ý ï»ë³Ï»ïÝ»ñ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É »Ý ݳ¨ áñáß ³ÛÉ ·ÇïݳϳÝÝ»ñ, µ³Ûó ¹ñ³Ýù ÙÇÝ㨠ÑÇÙ³ ¿É ɳÛÝ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝ»Ý Ù³ëݳ·»ïÝ»ñÇ ßñç³ÝáõÙ:²Ûë ·Çï³ÅáÕáíÝ ³é³çÇÝ ÷áñÓÝ ¿` É»½í³µ³ÝÝ»ñÇ áõ Ñݳ·»ïÝ»ñÇ ÙdzóÛ³É áõÅ»ñáí í»ñÉáõÍ»Éáõ ËݹÇñÁ, µ³Ûó ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ ³Ûëï»Õ ¿É §Ý³Ë³Ñ³Ûñ»ÝÇùǦ ³Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ï³Ý ï»Õ³Û³ÝóÙ³Ý ï»ë³Ï»ïÝ»ñÁ ÙdzñÅ»ù ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ ã»Ý ·ïÝáõÙ: Àݹ áñáõÙ, ³Ûëï»Õ, §Ø»Í ²Ý³ïáÉdz¦ ³ë»Éáí Ç ÝϳïÇ ¿ ³éÝíáõÙ µáõÝ ²Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ý ¨ гÛÏ³Ï³Ý É»éݳß˳ñÑÁ, ¾·»Û³Ý ÍáíÇó ÙÇÝ㨠γëåÇó Íáí:

¶ñùÇ ³é³çÇÝ Ñá¹í³ÍÝ ¿` ¿. ´³ñµ»ñ, §´³Ý³ÉÇÝ Ñ³·áõëïÇ Ù»ç ¿¦: øÝÝ»Éáí ѳ·áõëïÇ Ñݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý Ùݳóáñ¹Ý»ñÁ, µñ¹³ïáõ áã˳ñÇ ¨ ùáãíáñ³Ï³Ý áã˳ñ³µáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ç Ñ³Ûï ·³Éáõ ųٳݳϳßñç³ÝÁ ¨ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ï»ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÁ` Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÁ ·ïÝáõÙ ¿, áñ Ñݹ»íñáå³óÇÝ»ñÇ §Ý³Ë³Ñ³Ûñ»ÝÇùÁ¦ ϳñáÕ ¿ ï»Õ³Ûݳóí»É §ÎáíϳëdzÛáõÙ¦ (Ç ÝϳïÇ áõÝÇ ÐÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ ÎáíϳëÝ áõ ²Ý¹ñÏáíϳëÁ):

²Ù»ñÇϳóÇ áõñ³ñï³·»ï ö. ¼ÇÙ³ÝëÏáõ Ñá¹í³ÍÁ ÏáãíáõÙ ¿ §Ðݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ àõñ³ñïáõÇ ¿ÃÝáÉ»½í³µ³Ý³Ï³Ý µ³½Ù³½³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñ۳ɦ: Àëï Ñݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ, àõñ³ïáõÇ Ó¨³íáñáõÙÇó ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë ³é³ç, ѳïϳå»ë Ýñ³ Ï»ÝïñáÝ ì³ÝÇ ßñç³ÝáõÙ ¨ Ù»ñӳϳÛùáõÙ, ùÇã û ß³ï Ý߳ݳϳÉÇ Ýëï³ÏÛ³ó µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝ ãÇ

1 Ãàìêðåëèäçå, Ò.Â., Èâàíîâ, Â.Â. Èíäîåâðîïåéñêèé ÿçûê è èíäîåâðîïåéöû. Òáèëèñè 1984. ²ß˳ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ññ³ï³ñ³Ïí»É ¿ ݳ¨ ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý` Gamkrelidze, T., Ivanov, V. Indo-European and Indo-Europeans. Berlin, New York, 1995.

»Õ»É: ºÕ³Í Ñݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõÃÁ §Ïáíϳë۳ݦ ϳå»ñ ¿ ¹ñë¨áñáõÙ (ËáëùÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ Ý»ñϳÛÇë г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ѳñ³ÏÇó ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇÝ): ÆëÏ áõñ³ñï³Ï³Ý ¹³ñ³ßñç³ÝÇ Ñ³ñáõëï ¨ µ³½Ù³½³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ óáõÛó »Ý ï³ÉÇë, áñ ó·³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÁ ϳåí³Í »Ý ѳñ³íÇ` ਲ਼ݹáõ½Ç ßñç³ÝÇ ¨ ÑÇÝ ÊáõµáõßÏdz »ñÏñÇ Ñ»ï: àõñ³ñï³Ï³Ý ·ÇñÁ, å»ï³Ï³Ý ÏñáÝÁ ¨ å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÛáõë ³ïñǵáõïÝ»ñÁ ëï»ÕÍí»É »Ý, ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝ Ñ³í³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ã³÷³½³Ýó ÷áùñ³ÃÇí Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ÏáÕÙÇó, ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï ųٳݳϳѳïí³ÍáõÙ: ¼ÇÙ³ÝëÏÇÝ, Áëï ³Û¹Ù, ³ÝáõÙ ¿ ÙÇ í»ñÇÝ ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ ѳٻٳïáõÃÛáõÝ, áñå»ë ß³ï ÷áùñ³ù³Ý³Ï í»ñݳ˳íÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ëï»ÕÍí³Í Ù»Í å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ïÇå³ñ µ»ñíáõÙ ¿ ÇÝÏ»ñÇ Ï³ÛëñáõÃÛ³Ý ûñÇݳÏÁ: ²Û³ÝÇë Ñݳí³ÛñÇ (ì³ÝÇó ùÇã ÑÛáõëÇë), áñÇ å»ÕáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëݳÏÇóÝ ¿ Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÁ, ï³×³ñÇ ³ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ, àáõë³ II ³ñù³Ý ³Û¹ï»Õ Çñ ϳéáõó³Í ù³Õ³ùÇ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝÁ µ»ñ»É ¿ Çñ ó·³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý, ³ÛëÇÝùÝ` гÛÏ³Ï³Ý É»éݳß˳ñÑÇ ï³ñµ»ñ í³Ûñ»ñÇó, áñÁ »ñ¨áõÙ ¿ ݳ¨ ù³Õ³ùÇ ï³ñµ»ñ óճٳë»ñÇ Ñݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõûñÇ ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ: àõñ³ñïáõÇ Ï³ñ׳ųÙÏ»ï ·áÛáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý ³ñíáõÙ ²Ý³ïáÉdzÛáõÙ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ¨ áã Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý, É»½áõÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý áõ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É:

ö. øÛáõÝÇÑáÉÙÇ Ñá¹í³ÍÇ (§¸»Ý¹ñáËñáÝáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý Ñ»é³ÝϳñÝ»ñ Ø»Í ²Ý³ïáÉdzÛÇ ¨ ÑÝ¹Ë»Ã³Ï³Ý É»½íÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ í»ñ³µ»ñ۳ɦ) ÝÛáõÃÁ ÑÝ¹Ë»Ã³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñÇ Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿: ²Ûëï»Õ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ ¿, áñ ²Ý³ïáÉdzÛáõÙ ³ñ¹»Ý Ýáñ ù³ñ» ¹³ñáõÙ Ç Ñ³Ûï »Ý ·³ÉÇë ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý Ãíáí µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñ, ³Ýѳٻٳï»ÉÇ` ³ß˳ñÑÇ ³ÛÉ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: Àݹ áñáõÙ, Ýñ³ÝóÇó ß³ï»ñÇ ÑÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç»ñë áõÕÕ³ÏÇ ³Ýѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý ÏÃí³ñ` àõñý³ÛÇ ßñç³ÝáõÙ, ³ÛëÇÝùÝ, гÛÏ³Ï³Ý É»éݳß˳ñÑÇ Ñ³ñ³í-³ñ¨»ÉùáõÙ Ç Ñ³Ûï »Ý ·³ÉÇë Ù.Ã.³. XI-IX ѳ½³ñ³ÙÛ³ÏÝ»ñÇ µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñ:

ø. è»ÝýñÛáõÝ §Ü³Ë³Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý É»½íÇ ³Ý³ïáÉdzÏõëÝ Í³·áõÙÁ¦ Ñá¹í³ÍáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáõÙ ¿ Çñ ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý áñáß ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñ: ܳË, Ù»ñÅíáõÙ ¿ §Ñ»ÍÛ³É ùáãíáñ Ñݹ»íñáå³óáõ¦ ¹³ë³Ï³Ý Ï»ñå³ñÁ: Àëï Ýáñ³·áõÛÝ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ, Ñ»ÍÛ³É é³½ÙÇÏÝ Ç Ñ³Ûï ¿ ·³ÉÇë ÙdzÛÝ Ù.Ã.³. II ѳ½³ñ³ÙÛ³ÏÇ í»ñçáõÙ, »ñµ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñÝ ³ñ¹»Ý í³Õáõó ³Ýç³ïí»É ¿ÇÝ Çñ³ñÇó: ²å³, ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý ²Ý³ïáÉdzÛÇ ÑÇÝ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý, áñÇÝ µÝáñáß ¿ÇÝ áñáß §Ù³ÛñÇß˳ݳϳݦ ѳïϳÝÇßÝ»ñ, Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý (³Ý³ïáÉdzϳÝ) ͳ·Ù³Ý µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïáõÙÁ Ù»ñÅáõÙ ¿ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ ¹³ë³Ï³Ý å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙ` ÑÇÝ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý §Ñ³ÛñÇß˳ݳϳݦ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ Ù³ëÇÝ: ÀݹѳÝñ³å»ë, »Ã» ³Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñÁ ѳÛïݳµ»ñí³Í ÉÇÝ»ÇÝ ÙÇÝ㨠Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ó¨³íáñáõÙÁ, ³å³ §Ý³Ë³Ñ³Ûñ»ÝÇùǦ ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý ûÏݳÍáõÝ åÇïÇ ÉÇÝ»ñ Ñ»Ýó ²Ý³ïáÉdzÝ: ´»ñíáõÙ »Ý Ñݹ-Ë»Ã³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñÇ ËÙµ³íáñÙ³Ý ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Ùá¹»É, áñáÝù å»ïù ¿ ͳ·»ÇÝ Ñ³ñ³í-Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ²Ý³ïáÉdzÛÇó, ßáõñç Ù.Ã.³. 7000 Ã. ¨ Ë³Õ³Õ ×³Ý³å³ñÑáí ¹³Ý¹³Õ ï³ñ³Íí»ÇÝ ³ß˳ñÑáõÙ, Çñ»Ýó Ñ»ï ï³ñ³Í»Éáí »ñÏñ³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ: Þ»ßïíáõÙ ¿ Ë»Ã³Ï³Ý å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ï»Õ³µÝÇÏ Í³·Ù³Ý ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÁ: Ðݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙݳËݹñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ϳñ¨áñ »Ý ѳٳñíáõÙ ¨ ùÝݳñÏíáõÙ »Ý áã ÙdzÛÝ É»½í³µ³Ý³Ï³Ý áõ Ñݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý, ³Ûɨ ÙáÉ»ÏáõɳÛÇÝ ·»Ý»ïÇϳÛÇ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ:

Ø. üÇÝϻɵ»ñ·Ç Ñá¹í³ÍÁ (§¶Í³ÛÇÝ ² É»½áõÝ. Ñáõݳñ»±Ý, ë»Ù³Ï³±Ý, û± ³Ý³ïáÉdzϳݦ) ÝíÇñí³Í ¿ ÑÇÝ Îñ»ï»Ç ÙÇÝã ³ÛÅÙ ãí»ñͳÝí³Í ·ñáõÃÛ³Ý É»½íÇͳ·áõÙݳµ³Ý³Ï³Ý ϳå»ñÇ µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïÙ³ÝÁ: øÝݳñÏÙ³Ý ÁÝóóùáõÙ Ù»Ï ³é Ù»Ï µ³ó³é»Éáí ³Ýѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý ï»ë³Ï»ïÝ»ñÁ, Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÁ ѳݷáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝ ÙïùÇÝ, áñ ³Û¹ É»½áõÝ å»ïù ¿ ÉÇÝ»ñ ³Ý³ïáÉdzϳÝ, ³½·³ÏÇó ÉÇÏÇ»ñ»ÝÇÝ: ºí ѳïϳÝß³Ï³Ý ¿, áñ лñá¹áïáëÁ Ïñ»ï»³Ï³Ý ͳ·áõÙ ¿ í»ñ³·ñáõÙ ÉÇÏdzóÇÝ»ñÇÝ:

². È»ñÙ³ÝÝ Çñ Ñá¹í³ÍáõÙ (§Ü³Ë³Ñݹ˻ûñ»ÝÇ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙÁ¦) ³Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ï³Ý ¨ ÙÛáõë Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ áõ ³Ýѳٳå³ï³ë˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, Ñݳµ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ áõ Ýáñ³µ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ ¹Çï³ñÏáõÙ ¿ ÙdzëÝ³Ï³Ý Ý³Ë³É»½íÇ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝÙ³Ý ËݹÇñÁ:

ì. Æí³ÝáíÁ ùÝݳñÏáõÙ ¿ ³Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñÇ ³½·³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ųٳݳϳ·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ (§Ð³ñ³í³ÛÇÝ ³Ý³ïáÉdzϳÝÁ ¨ ÑÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ ³Ý³ïáÉdzϳÝÁ áñå»ë ³é³ÝÓÇÝ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñ ¨ ³Ý³ïáÉdzϳÝÝ Çµñ¨ áõß É»½í³µ³Ý³Ï³Ý ßñç³Ý¦): ´»ñíáÕ 100 ¨ 200 µ³é³Ýáó ·ÉáïáËñáÝáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý óáõó³ÏÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ óáõÛó ¿ ïñíáõÙ, áñ ˻ûñ»ÝÝ áõ ÉáõíÇ»ñ»ÝÝ Çñ³ñ Ù»ñÓ³íáñ ³½·³ÏÇó ã»Ý ¨ Çñ»Ýó ÁݹѳÝáõñ ѳïϳÝÇßÝ»ñÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ÇÝ Ó»éù µ»ñ»É ÙǨÝáõÛÝ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñáõÙ

ï»Õ³Ûݳó³Í ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ѻ勉Ýùáí: Àëï Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÇ, ³Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ¹Çïí»Ý Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñÇ ß³ñùáõÙ ¨ Ñݹ˻óϳÝÇ Ó¨³Ï»ñåÙ³Ý Ï³ñÇù ãϳ: â³÷³½³Ýó Ñ»ï³ùÇñ ¿ ´. ¸³ñ¹»ÝÇ Ñá¹í³ÍÁ (§Ðݹ˻ûñ»ÝÇ ³Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ï³Ý Í³·Ù³Ý ѳñóÇ ßáõñç¦): лÕÇݳÏÁ óáõÛó ¿ ï³ÉÇë, áñ É»½í³ËÙµÇ Í³·Ù³Ý ËݹñáõÙ ¿³Ï³Ý »Ý ÙdzÛÝ Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ ÇÙ³ëï ÏñáÕ µ³é»ñÁ, ÇëÏ ³ë»Ýù ͳé»ñÇ, ÓÏÝ»ñÇ ³Ýí³ÝáõÙÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ ųٳݳÏÇÝ ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý ³ñí»É, Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÇÙ³ëï³÷áËíáõÙ »Ý ¨ ã»Ý ϳñáÕ §Ý³Ë³Ñ³Ûñ»ÝÇùǦ ï»Õ³ÛݳóÙ³Ý ÑÇÙù ͳé³Û»É: лÕÇݳÏÁ ùÝݳñÏáõÙ ¾ Áݹ³Ù»ÝÁ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ »½ñ` §µáõñ¹¦, §ÓǦ, §Éáõͦ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ, ¨ ϳñÍáõÙ ¿, áñ Ñݹ֊Ë»Ã³Ï³Ý Ñ³ë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõÝ»ó»É ¾, ³ë»Ýù, ÓÇ, µñ¹áï áã˳ñ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ, ¨, ãÇ áõÝ»ó»É ³ÝÇí, áñÝ Ç Ñ³Ûï ¾ »Ï»É ³Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñÇ ³é³ÝÓݳݳÉáõó Ñ»ïá: лÕÇݳÏÁ û¨ É»½í³µ³Ý ¾, µ³Ûó ѳïϳå»ë Ñݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõÃÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ ùÝݳñÏáõÙ ¾, û áñï»Õ ¨ »ñµ ϳñ»ÉÇ ¾ ï»Õ³ÛݳóÝ»É ¨ ųٳݳϳ·ñ»É ³Û¹ Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ Ñ³ïϳÝÇßÝ»ñáí µÝáñáßíáÕ Ñ³ë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: Àëï Ýñ³, Ñݹ˻óϳÝÇ Ñ³í³Ý³Ï³Ý ųٳݳϳßñç³ÝÝ ¾ Ù.Ã.³. \/–I\/ ѳ½³ñ³ÙÛ³ÏÝ»ñÁ, ÇëÏ ³ß˳ñѳ·ñáñ»Ý` åáÝï-ϳëåÛ³Ý ï³÷³ëï³ÝÝ áõ ÎáíϳëÇ Ñ³ñ³íÁ:

¶Çï³ÅáÕáíÁ »½ñ³÷³ÏáõÙ ¿ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåÇãÁ` è. ¸ñÛáõëÁ, áñÁ ݳ¨ ·ñùÇ ËÙµ³·ÇñÝ ¿ (§Ø»Í ²Ý³ïáÉdz. ݳ˳³Ý³ïáÉdzϳÝÁ, ݳ˳Ñݹ˻óϳÝÁ ¨ ³Ý¹Çݦ): Àëï Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÇ, û¨ ãÇ µ³ó³éíáõ٠ݳ˳ɻ½íÇ ³ñ¨»É³³Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ï³Ý (гÛÏ³Ï³Ý É»éݳß˳ñÑÇ), ³å³ ¨ ѳñ³í-ÏáíϳëÛ³Ý áõ åáÝï-ϳëåÛ³Ý ï»Õ³ÛݳóáõÙÝ»ñÁ, µ³Ûó ¨ ³ÛÝå»ë ³é³í»É ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý §Ý³Ë³Ñ³Ûñ»ÝÇùݦ ¿ Ýáñù³ñ»¹³ñÛ³Ý ²Ý³ïáÉdzÝ:

гßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí §ÓǦ ï»ñÙÇÝÇ Ñ³Ù³Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý µÝáõÛÃÁ ¨ ÓÇáõ Ù»Í ¹»ñÁ å³ïÙáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ѳÛïÝÇ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý í³Õ ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ` ·ñùÇ í»ñçáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ æ. ê³Ù»ñëÇ Ñ³í»Éí³ÍÁ ²Ý³ïáÉdzÛáõÙ Ýáñù³ñ»¹³ñÛ³Ý, åÕÝÓ»ù³ñ»¹³ñÛ³Ý ¨ í³Õµñáݽ»¹³ñÛ³Ý ¹³ñ³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÓÇáõ áëÏñ³ÛÇÝ Ùݳóáñ¹Ý»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É: Àëï Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÇ, í³ÛñÇ ÓÇÝ Ã»¨ ѳÛïÝÇ ¿ ²Ý³ïáÉdzÛáõÙ ³ñ¹»Ý Ýáñ ù³ñ» ¹³ñÇó, µ³Ûó ³ÛÝ ÁÝï³Ý»óí»É ¿ ѳí³Ý³µ³ñ áã ³ÛÝï»Õ: ÆÝ㨿, λÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ ²ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý ²Ý³ïáÉdzÛÇ Ýáñù³ñ»¹³ñÛ³Ý ¨ åÕÝÓ»ù³ñ»¹³ñÛ³Ý µÝ³ÏÇãÝ»ñÝ Çñ»Ýó É»½áõÝ»ñáõÙ å»ïù ¿ áñ áõݻݳÛÇÝ §ÓǦ ï»ñÙÇÝÁ: »ñ¨ë Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ ¿ Ýß»É, áñ áõÏñ³ÇÝ³Ï³Ý ¸»ñ»¨Ï³ Ñݳí³ÛñÇ ÓÇáõ Ùݳóáñ¹Ý»ñÁ, áñáÝù ß³ï Ñ³×³Ë ùÝݳñÏí»É »Ý í³Õ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ѳٳï»ùëïáõÙ, Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë í»ñ³Ãí³·ñíáõÙ »Ý Ù.Ã.³. I ѳ½³ñ³ÙÛ³Ïáí, ³ÛëÇÝùÝ ß³ï áõß »Ý:

гۻñ»ÝÁ §Ø»Í ²Ý³ïáÉdzÛǦ ÙÇ³Ï ÑÇÝ É»½áõÝ ¿, áñ å³Ñå³Ýí»É ¿ ÙÇÝ㨠³Ûëûñ: àõÕÕ³ÏÇ ³ÏÝѳÛï ¿, áñ ѳۻñ»ÝÇ ¨ ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ïáõÏ ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÝáõÛÝå»ë ϳñáÕ ¿ñ ϳñ¨áñ ÝÛáõà ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É ³Ûë ·Çï³ÅáÕáíÇÝ: ò³íáù, ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõà ¨ ѳ۳·Çï³Ï³Ý ѳñó»ñ ѳٳñÛ³ ã»Ý ùÝݳñÏíáõÙ: ò³íáí å»ïù ¿ Ýß»É Ý³¨ ѳ۳·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ³ëå³ñ»½Ç Ù³ëݳ·»ïÝ»ñÇ å³Ï³ëÁ ϳ٠µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨° Ù»½³ÝáõÙ ¨° ³ñ¨ÙáõïùáõÙ: êïáñ¨ ³ñÅ» ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Ëáëùáí ³Ý¹ñ³¹³éÝ³É ·ñùÇ` ѳ۳·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ áõñ³ñï³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáÕ áñáß Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñÇ, áã ͳí³ÉáõÝ Ù»Ïݳµ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí, Ýß»Éáí, áñ ¹ñ³Ýó ÙÇ Ù³ëÁ ïÑ³× ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ÃáÕÝáõÙ:

ä. ¼ÇÙ³ÝëÏÇÝ, ÇÝãå»ë ³ëí»ó, ß»ßïáõÙ ¿ àõñ³ñïáõÇ í»ñݳ˳íÇ ã³÷³½³Ýó ÷áùñ³ÃíáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³å³ ¨ áõñ³ñï³Ï³Ý ï»ùëï»ñáõÙ µáõÝ §áõñ³ñï³óÇÝ»ñǦ ÙÇ ï»ë³Ï ã·áÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ: Àݹ áñáõÙ, ³ñù³Û³ÝáõÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ (èáõë³) ³ÏÝѳÛïáñ»Ý áõñ³ñï»ñ»Ý ã¿: ÐÇß»Éáí èáõë³ II-Ç ÏáÕÙÇó ͳÛñ³Ù³ë³ÛÇÝ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³µÝ³Ï»óáõÙÁ ì³ÝÇ ßñç³ÝáõÙ` ݳ ϳëϳÍÇ ¾ »ÝóñÏáõÙ Æ. ¸Û³ÏáÝáíÇ ³ÛÝ åݹáõÙÁ, áñ ѳۻñÁ ã¿ÇÝ Ï³ñáÕ Ð³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý É»éݳß˳ñÑ Ý»ñó÷³Ýó»É ѽáñ àõñ³ñïáõÇ ·áÛáõÃÛ³Ý ¹³ñ³ßñç³ÝáõÙ, ³ÛÉ å»ïù ¿ áñ ³Û¹ï»Õ ѳëï³ïí³Í ÉÇÝ»ÇÝ ³í»ÉÇ í³Õ: Àëï Ýñ³, èáõë³ÛÇ µ»ñ³Í Ýáñ í»ñ³µÝ³ÏÇãÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç å»ïù ¿ ÉÇÝ»ÇÝ ¨ ѳۻñÁ: лÕÇݳÏÁ ûñ¨ë ͳÝáà 㿠¸Û³ÏáÝáíÇ Ñ³ïáõÏ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓÇÝ áõñ³ñï³Ï³Ý ³ñù³Ý»ñÇ í»ñ³µÝ³Ï»óÙ³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ2: ܳ ÝßáõÙ ¿ ¶. æ³ÑáõÏÛ³ÝÇ ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ÙÇ Ñá¹í³ÍÁ ²Ý³ïáÉdzÛáõ٠ѳۻñÇ ÑÇÝ Ý»ñϳÛáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É3, µ³Ûó ãÇ ÑÇßáõÙ ÝáõÛÝ Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÇ ¨ ¸Û³ÏáÝáíÇ` Çñ Ñá¹í³ÍÇ ÝÛáõÃÇÝ ß³ï ³í»ÉÇ ³éÝãíáÕ ³ß˳ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ (Ññ³ï³ñ³Ïí³Í ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý, ²ØÜ-áõÙ), áñï»Õ É»½í³Ï³Ý ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ ÑÇÙݳíáñíáõÙ ¿ ѳۻñÇ í³Õ Ý»ñϳÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ àõñ³ñïáõáõÙ4:

2 Äüÿêîíîâ, È.Ì. Òèïû ýòíè÷åñêèõ ïåðåäâèæåíèé â ðàííåé äðåâíîñòè. Äðåâíèé Âîñòîê № 4. Å. 1983, ñ. 5-23.3 Djahukian, G.B. Did the Armenians live in Asia Anterior before the twelfth century BC? In: When the world collide. An Arbor, 1990, p. 25-31.4 Djahukian, G.B. Armenian words and proper names in Urartian inscriptions. In: Proceedings of fourth international conference on Armenian linguistics. Delmar, New York, 1992, p. 49-59; Diakonoff, I.M. First evidence of the Proto-Armenian language in Eastern Anatolia. Annual of Armenian linguistics, 1992. Vol. 13, p. 51-54.

лï³ùñùÇñ ¿ Ýß»É, áñ ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý ÁÝóóùáõÙ, Ñ»Ýí»Éáí ݳ¨ ¼ÇÙ³ÝëÏáõ Ñ»ÕÇݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³, §áõñ³ñï³óÇÝ»ñ¦ ¨ §áõñ³ñï»ñ»Ý¦ ï»ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÝ û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ »Ý ã³Ï»ñïÝ»ñáõÙ, ³ÏݳñÏ»Éáí ¹ñ³Ýó áã ×ß·ñÇï ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ (Ù»ÏÁ »Ýó¹ñáõÙ ¿ å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÷áùñ³ù³Ý³Ï í»ñݳ˳íÁ, ÇëÏ ÙÛáõëÁ ·ñ³íáñ ³ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ É»½áõÝ, áñáÝù ã»Ý ϳñáÕ ï³ñ³Íí»É å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý áÕç µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³): ê³ áñáß³ÏÇáñ»Ý ï³ñµ»ñíáõÙ ¿ ËáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ ¹åñáóÇ Ùáï»óáõÙÇó, áñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ, àõñ³ñïáõÇ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ý߳ݳϳÉÇáñ»Ý µ³Õϳó³Í ¿ñ Ñ»Ýó µáõÝ §áõñ³ñï³óÇÝ»ñÇó¦ áõ ³½·³ÏÇó ó»Õ»ñÇó:

Æñ Ñá¹í³ÍáõÙ ¼ÇÙ³ÝëÏÇÝ Ù»çµ»ñáõÙ ¿ ÙÇ Ñ³ïí³Í ². 軹·»ÛÃÇ Ñ³Ûáó å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÇó:

ijٳݳϳ·ñáõÃÛ³Ý (ѳۻñÇ` гÛÏ³Ï³Ý É»éݳß˳ñÑ ³ÝóÝ»Éáõ - ².ä.) ѳñóÁ ϳñ¨áñ ¿, ù³ÝÇ áñ ¹ñ³ÝÇó ¿ Ï³Ëí³Í áõñ³ñï³Ï³Ý å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý Ýϳïٳٵ í»ñ³µ»ñÙáõÝùÇ ÑÇÙݳíáñáõÙÁ` áñå»ë г۳ëï³ÝÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇ Ý߳ݳϳÉÇ Ù³ë, û± ÙdzÛÝ Ýñ³ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ»ïݳËáñß: ²ñ¹Ûá±ù ѳۻñÁ Ù.Ã.³. í»ó»ñáñ¹ ¹³ñáõ٠ѳٻٳﳵ³ñ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ÙÇ ÅáÕáíáõñ¹ ¿ÇÝ, ³éÝ»ïÝ»ñ, áñáÝù Ù.Ã.³. Ûáûñáñ¹ ¹³ñáõÙ Éù»óÇÝ Ï³ñ׳ÙÛ³ öéÛáõ·³Ï³Ý ϳÛëñáõÃÛ³Ý Ëáñï³ÏíáÕ Ý³íÁ ³Ùáõñ ÑáÕÇ Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ, û± Ýñ³Ýù ÙÇ ³é³ç³¹ÇÙ³Í ÅáÕáíáõñ¹ ¿ÇÝ, áñáÝù Ù³ëݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ÇÝ áõÝ»ó»É Ýáñ ÏáñͳÝí³Í àõñ³ñï³Ï³Ý ϳÛëñáõÃÛ³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÛÃáõÙ5:

´³½Ù³ÃÇí ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñ Çñ»Ýó å³ïÙ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ûñ»ÝÇùÝ»ñÝ »Ý ѳë»É Ù.Ã.³. í»ó»ñáñ¹ ¹³ñÇó áõß, Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ á㠳ٻݳϳï³ñÛ³É ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ íñ³, ï³ñµ»ñ å³ï׳éÝ»ñáí ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³Í ·³ÕûñÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí: ´³Ûó áñù³Ýá±í ¿ Ïáé»Ïï ³éÝ»ïÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ѳٻٳïáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñå»ë½Ç ÑÕíÇ Ý³¨ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ ·Çï³Ï³Ý Ñá¹í³ÍáõÙ: Àݹ áñáõÙ, »Ã» ËáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ ¨ ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÑÇÙݳíáñí»É ¨ ÁݹáõÝí»É »Ý ѳۻñ»Ý É»½íÇ Ð³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý É»éݳ߳ñÑáõÙ àõñ³ñïáõÇ Ï³½Ù³íáñáõÙÇó ³é³ç Ëáëí»Éáõ ¨ àõñ³ñïáõÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý` ѳÛáó å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇ ³Ýµ³Å³Ý»ÉÇ Ñ³ïí³ÍÁ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ6, ³å³ ²ñ¨ÙáõïùáõÙ ¹»é¨ë ß³ï»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ÁݹáõÝíáõÙ ¿ ѳۻñÇ áõß Ý»ñ·³ÕÃÇ ¨ àõñ³ñïáõÇ áõ г۳ëï³ÝÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ Çñ³ñÇó Ëëïáñ»Ý µ³Å³ÝáÕ ï»ë³Ï»ïÝ»ñÁ7:

è. ¸ñÛáõëÝ Çñ »½ñ³÷³ÏÇã »ÉáõÛÃáõÙ ÝßáõÙ ¿, áñ û¨ ¼ÇÙ³ÝëÏáõ ѳٳӳÛÝѳۻñ»ÝÝ ¿ àõñ³ñïáõ µ»ñí»É Ù.Ã.³. 850-650 Ãí³Ï³Ý»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ, µ³Ûó Ýñ³ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý` ûñ¨ë ³í»ÉÇ Ñ³í³Ý³Ï³Ý »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝÁ åÇïÇ ÉÇÝÇ ³ÛÝ, áñ Ñ»Ýó³Û¹å»ë Ïáãí³Í §áõñ³ñï»ñ»Ýݦ ¿ µ»ñí»É ³Û¹ ÁÝóóùáõÙ ²ñ³ùëÇ ÑáíÇï: лÕÇݳÏÁ ѳñó ¿ µ³ñÓñ³óÝáõÙ, û ³ñ¹Ûáù áõñ³ñï»ñ»ÝÇ §³ÝÙß³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ¦ (µ³Ý³Ó¨³ÛÇÝ µÝáõÛÃÁ) ãDZ Ù³ïݳßáõÙ, áñ ³ÛÝ ãÇ »Õ»É ³ñù³Ý»ñÇ áõ ·ñÇãÝ»ñÇ Ù³Ûñ»ÝÇ É»½áõÝ: ²ñ¹Ûáù áõñ³ñï»ñ»ÝÝ ³ÛÝ Ýáñ³ÙáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó 㿱, áñ Çñ»Ýó Ñ»ï ѳñ³íÇó µ»ñ»óÇÝ ê³ñ¹áõñÇ I-Á ¨ Ýñ³ ѳçáñ¹Ý»ñÁ: ø³ÝÇ áñ å³ñ½ ã¿ §áõñ³ñï»ñ»ÝǦ µÝÇÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ, Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿, áñ ѳۻñ»ÝÇ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÝ ³Ûë ßñç³ÝáõÙ ß³ï ³í»ÉÇ ÑÇÝ »Ý, ù³Ý ì³ÝÇ Ù»Í Ã³·³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

ì. Æí³ÝáíÁ Ù.Ã.³. II ѳ½³ñ³ÙÛ³Ïáõ٠ѳۻñ»ÝÁ ï»Õ³ÛݳóÝáõÙ ¿ гÛÏ³Ï³Ý É»éݳß˳ñÑáõÙ, ѳïϳå»ë ì³Ý³ É×Çó ÑÛáõëÇë: ܳ ÙÇ³Ï Ù³ëݳ·»ïÝ ¿, áñ ·Çï³ÅáÕáíÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ ÷áñÓáõÙ ¿ µ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É Ñ³Û»ñ»ÝÇ Ð³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý É»éݳß˳ñÑáõÙ ÑÇÝ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉáõ ѳñóÁ: ܳ ÝßáõÙ ¿, áñ í³Õáõó ³ñ¹»Ý ¶. Ô³÷³ÝóÛ³ÝÁ ¨ áñáß ³ÛÉ Ñ³Û Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÝ»ñ µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É »Ý ѳۻñ»ÝáõÙ Ë»Ã³Ï³Ý ÷á˳éáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù íϳÛáõÙ »Ý ѳÛ-Ë»Ã³Ï³Ý ß÷áõÙÝ»ñÇ, ¨ ³ÛëåÇëáí, ѳۻñ»ÝÇ` Ù.Ã.³. II ѳ½³ñ³ÙÛ³ÏáõÙ ²Ý³ïáÉdzÛáõÙ Ëáëí»Éáõ Ù³ëÇÝ: ò³íáù, ¹ñ³Ýù ïåí»É »Ý ÙdzÛÝ Ñ³Û»ñ»Ý ¨ éáõë»ñ»Ý ¨ å³ïß³× áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ã»Ý ³ñųݳó»É ²ñ¨ÙáõïùáõÙ: ꨳݳ É×Ç ÑdzݳÉÇ ÓáõÏÁ ÏáãíáõÙ ¿ Çß˳Ý, áñÁ å»ïù áñ Ë»Ã³Ï³Ý ÷á˳éáõÃÛáõÝ ÉÇÝÇ: гïϳÝß³Ï³Ý ¿ ³ñ¹»Ý Æ. ¶»ÉµÇ Ññ³ï³ñ³Ï³Í ÙÇ Ù.Ã.³. III-II ѳ½³ñ³ÙÛ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ ÑÇÝ ³ÕÛáõë³ÏáõÙ Haya ó»Õ³Ýí³Ý ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ: Î³Ý Ý³¨ ³ÛÉ ï³ñµ»ñ å³ï׳éÝ»ñ ϳñÍ»Éáõ, áñ ѳۻñ»ÝÁ Ëáëí»É ¿ ²Ý³ïáÉdzÛáõ٠ϳ٠ѻÝó ²ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý ²Ý³ïáÉdzÛáõÙ (гÛÏ³Ï³Ý É»éݳß˳ñÑáõÙ) Ù.Ã.³. II

5 Redgate, A.E. The Armenians. Oxford, 1999, p. 14. 6 ²Ûë ѳñó»ñÁ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ ùÝÝíáõÙ »Ý ûñÇÝ³Ï Æ.¸Û³ÏáÝáíÇ` ѳÛáó ݳ˳å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É Ù»Ý³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç (Äüÿêîíîâ, È.Ì. Ïðåäûñòîðèÿ àðìÿíñêîãî íàðîäà. Å. 1968, ñ. 203-204, 241-243). ï»ë ¨ í»ñ¨áõÙ, 2 ¨ 3 ͳÝáó·ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ³å³ ¨ ³ÛÉ éáõë ¨ Ñ³Û Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÝ»ñÇ ³ß˳ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ:7 ²Û¹ ÃíáõÙ ¨ í»ñç»ñë ²ØÜ-áõÙ ³ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ñ³Û·»ïÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ëï»ÕÍí³Í ѳÛáó å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý »ñÏѳïáñÛ³ÏáõÙ (The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times. Ed. by R. Hovannisian. New York, 1997):

ѳ½³ñ³ÙÛ³ÏÇó: øÝݳñÏÙ³Ý ÁÝóóùáõÙ ÑÇßíáõÙ ¿ ݳ¨ Ë»Ã³Ï³Ý ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÇ Hayasa ó·³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ: êïáñ¨ µ»ñíáõÙ ¿ ÙÇ Ñ³ïí³Í Æí³ÝáíÇ ¨ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý É»½í³µ³Ý, ²êÜ-áõ٠ѳۻñ»Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý ѳݹ»ëÇ µ³½Ù³ÙÛ³ ËÙµ³·Çñ æ. ¶ñ»åÇÝÇ µ³Ý³í»×Çó:

¶ðºäÆÜ. ÆßË³Ý µ³éÁ (...) ³é³í»É ù³Ý ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý ¿, áñ å³ñëÏ³Ï³Ý ÷á˳éáõÃÛáõÝ ÉÇÝÇ (...): ÆÝã í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ г۳ë³ÛÇÝ (Ñ³Û ó»Õ³Ýí³Ý ³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ùµ - ². ä.), ³å³ ³Û¹ ëïáõ·³µ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ëáëϳÉÇ, ëáëϳÉÇ ÃáõÛÉ ¿ (terribly, terribly weak), ù³ÝÇ áñ ÙÇçÓ³Ûݳíáñ³ÛÇÝ y-Ý ã¿ñ ϳñáÕ å³Ñå³Ýí»É ѳۻñ»ÝáõÙ: àõÕÕ³ÏÇ, Ó³Ûݳµ³Ýáñ»Ý, ³ÛÝ (Ñ³Û ó»Õ³ÝáõÝÁ - ² ä.) ϳñáÕ ¿ñ ϳåí»É Hatti-Ç Ñ»ï (Ë»Ã³Ï³Ý å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ýí³ÝáõÙÝ ¿ - ² ä.), áñï»Õ ÙÇçÓ³Ûݳíáñ³ÛÇÝ t-Ý ·»Õ»óÇÏ Ï»ñåáí ¹³éÝáõÙ ¾ y:Æì²Üàì. ºë ËáëáõÙ »Ù Haya-Ç Ù³ëÇÝ, áñï»Õ ãϳ -s- (ËáëùÁ г۳ë³ÛÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ¾ - ². ä.): âÏ³Ý Ó³Ûݳµ³Ý³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙù»ñ µ³ó³ïñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ, û ÇÝãáõ åÇïÇ ³Û¹ Hatti-Ý ¹³éݳñ Haya: ²Ûë ѳñóÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É Áݹ³ñÓ³Ï ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³8:

¶ñ»åÇÝÇ ËáëùÇ ³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ùµ å»ïù ¾ Ýß»É, áñ ѳÛáó ³½·³Í³·Ù³Ý ѳ۳ë³Ï³Ý ï»ë³Ï»ïÇ ÏáÕÙݳÏÇóÝ»ñÇ` Ô³÷³ÝóÛ³ÝÇ, ºñ»ÙÛ³ÝÇ, æ³ÑáõÏÛ³ÝÇ, äÇáïñáíëÏáõ, Æí³ÝáíÇ ¨ ³ÛÉáó ϳñÍÇùÝ»ñÁ µáÉáñáíÇÝ ¾É §ëáëϳÉÇ ÃáõÛɦ ã»Ý, ¨ ÇÝãå»՞ë ϳñáÕ ¾ É»½í³µ³Ýáñ»Ý ³Û¹åÇëÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ñí»É ѳۻñ»ÝÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý É³í³·áõÛÝ ·Çï³Ï ¶. æ³ÑáõÏÛ³ÝÇ Ï³ñÍÇùÁ: Æ՞Ýã ϳå áõÝÇ ÙÇçÓ³Ûݳíáñ³ÛÇÝ y-Ç Ù³ëÇÝ ³ëí³ÍÁ Ñ³Û ó»Õ³Ýí³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ (ͳ·³Í, ѳí³Ý³µ³ñ, ³í»ÉÇ ÑÇÝ *ѳÛá–Ó¨Çó), »ñµ ËáëíáõÙ ¾ µ³é³í»ñçÇ y-Ç Ù³ëÇÝ, áñÁ ݳË, ѳí»ÉáõÙ ¾ ³-áí í»ñç³óáÕ Ñ³Û»ñ»Ý µ³é»ñáõÙ (ûñÇݳÏ, ÁÝͳÛ, ͳé³Û ¨ ³ÛÉÝ, ÑÙÙï. ¨ ѳٳÝÙ³Ý Ùdzí³ÝÏ ó»Õ³ï»Õ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÁ` î³Ûù, ë»é. Ñá·Ý. î³Ûáó, ³å³ ¨ ì³Ûáó Óáñ) ¨ ϳñáÕ ¾ ݳ¨ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý *yo-/yā ³Í³ÝóÇ Ñ»ïùÁ ÉÇÝ»É: ØdzÛÝ ½³ñÙ³Ý³É Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¾, û ÇÝãáõ± »Ý ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý áñáß Ñ³Û³·»ïÝ»ñ ³Û¹å»ë Ïñùáï å³ßïå³ÝáõÙ Ñ³Û ó»Õ³Ýí³Ý ͳ·Ù³Ý »Ýë»Ý-¹Û³ÏáÝáíÛ³Ý ï»ë³Ï»ïÁ, áñÁ ѳßíÇ ãÇ ³éÝáõÙ, ûñÇݳÏ, ³ÛÝåÇëÇ áõÅ»Õ ÷³ëï³ñÏÝ»ñ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý ѳÛáó ݳËÝÇÝ»ñÇ ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý ï»Õ³ÛݳóáõÙÁ (Áëï ÑáõÝ³Ï³Ý É»·»Ý¹Ç) ¨ Ñ³Û Ý³Ë³ùñÇëïáÝ»³Ï³Ý ³ëïí³ÍÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý å³ßï³ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ï»Ýïñáݳóí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ݳËÏÇÝ Ð³Û³ë³ÛÇ ï³ñ³ÍùáõÙ: Àݹ áñáõÙ, Ñ»Ýó ¶ñ»åÇÝÝ ÇÝùÁ ѳۻñÇ Í³·Ù³Ý ¹Û³ÏáÝáíÛ³Ý í³ñϳÍÇ ÏáÕÙݳÏÇóÁ ã¿: ÐÇß³ï³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñųÝÇ ¿ ݳ¨, áñ Áëï ¶ñ»åÇÝÇ, ѳÛ-³Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, »ñµ ˻ûñ»Ý h-Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ ¿ ѳۻñ»Ý Ë-ÇÝ, ³å³ ѳۻñ»Ý µ³éÁ ÷á˳éí³Í ¿ ˻ûñ»ÝÇó, ÇëÏ »ñµ Ñ-ÇÝ, ³å³ µ³éÁ ѳۻñ»ÝáõÙ µÝÇÏ ¿9: Àëï ³Û¹Ù, Ñ³Û ó»Õ³Ýí³Ý ëïáõ·³µ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ϳåí³Í ¨՛ Hayasa-Ç (ʳ۳ë³), ¨՛ Hatti-Ç (ʳÃÇ) Ñ»ï, å»ïù ¾ áñáß³ÏÇ ×ß·ñïí»Ý: ä»ïù ¿ Ýß»É, áñ û¨ í»ñ¨áõÙ Ëáëí»ó Ñ³Û ó»Õ³Ýí³Ý ѳ۳ë³Ï³Ý ³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙݳíáñí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ, µ³Ûó, ÇѳñÏ», ³ÝÑݳñ ¾ ³é³Ýó ¾³Ï³Ý ÷³ëï³ñÏÝ»ñÇ µ³ó³é»É ݳ¨ Ñ³Û < Hatti ëïáõ·³µ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

ÆÝã í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¾ ÇßË³Ý µ³éÇÝ, ѳÛïÝÇ ¾, áñ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÁ ѳۻñ»ÝáõÙ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ Çñ³Ý³Ï³Ý »Ý, µ³Ûó Ï³Ý Ý³¨ ³ÏÝѳÛï áã Çñ³Ý³Ï³Ý µ³é»ñ, ÑÙÙï. ѳïϳå»ë ³ñù³, ³ñùáõÝÇù (³ñ˳ÛÇÏ, ûñ¨ë áõñ³ñï³Ï³Ý í»ñç³Í³Ýóáí, áñÝ ³ÏݳñÏáõÙ ¾ µ³éÇ ÑÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ), Ñáõݳñ»Ý ¨ ÷éÛáõ·»ñ»Ý, áã ÉñÇí å³ñ½ ͳ·Ù³Ý, ½áõ·³Ñ»éÝ»ñáí: лÕÇݳϳíáñ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ (ûñÇݳÏ, ²×³éÛ³ÝÇ, Ô³÷³ÝóÛ³ÝÇ, æ³ÑáõÏÛ³ÝÇ, äáõÑí»ÉÇ, ¶ñ»åÇÝÇ ³ß˳ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ) ³é³í»É ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý ¿ ѳٳñí»É ÇßË»É ¨ ÇßË³Ý µ³é»ñÇ Çñ³Ý³Ï³Ý ͳ·áõÙÁ, µ³Ûó ÙÇßï Ýßí»É ¿ ݳ¨ Ýñ³Ýó Ñݳñ³íáñ ϳåÁ ÝáõÛݳÑáõÝã ¨ ÝáõÛÝÇÙ³ëï Ë»Ã³Ï³Ý ³ñÙ³ïÇ Ñ»ï: ì»ñçÇÝ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ óáõÛó ¿ ï³ÉÇë, áñ ³Û¹ µ³é»ñÝ, ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝ Ñ³í³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ³Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ï³Ý ÷á˳éáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý10: Àëï ÙÇ Ï³ñÍÇùÇ` ꨳݳ É×Ç, ÇÝãëÛ»ë ¨ êÛáõÝÇù (êÇõÝÇù/ê»õÝÇù) Ý³Ñ³Ý·Ç ³Ýí³ÝáõÙÝ»ñÝ ³Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ï³Ý »Ý, ³½·³ÏÇó` ˻ûñ»Ý šiu- (ϳñ¹³ 8 Æí³ÝáíÝ ³Ûëï»Õ å³ßïå³ÝáõÙ ¿ Çñ ï»ë³Ï»ïÁ, áñÝ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É ¿ ÙÇ ß³ñù ³ß˳ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ` Èâàíîâ, Â.Â. Âûäåëåíèå ðàçíûõ õðîíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ñëîåâ â äðåâíåàðìÿíñêîì è ïðîáëåìà ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîé ñòðóêòóðû òåêñòà ãèìíà Âà(õ)àãíó. ä´Ð 1983, № 4, ¿ç 30-33. ÜáõÛÝÇ` Ïåðâîíà÷àëüíàÿ ãëóáèííàÿ ñòðóêòóðà òåêñòà ãèìíà Âà(õ)àãíó è ïðîáëåìû àðìÿíñêîé ýòèìîëîãèè. Ìåæäóíàðîäíûé ñèìïîçèóì ïî àðìÿíñêîìó ÿçûêîçíàíè. Å.1984, ñ. 67, 82-83, ïðèì. 34; ÜáõÛÝÇ` Î âçàèìîäåéñòâèè èíäîåâðîïåéñêèõ è ñåâåðîêàâêàçñêèõ äèàëåêòîâ â àðåàëå Àðìÿíñêîãî Íàãîðüÿ îê. III-I òûñ. äî í.ý. Ìåæäèñöèïëèíàðíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ êóëüòóðîãåíåçà è ýòíîãåíåçà Àðìÿíñêîãî Íàãîðüÿ è ñîïðåäåëüíûõ îáëàñòåé, Å. 1990, ñ. 187; Ãàìêðåëèäçå, Ò.Â., Èâàíîâ, Â.Â. Îíäîåâðîïåéñêèé ÿçûê è èíäîåâðîïåéöû, Òáèëèñè, 1984, ñ. 913.9 Greppin, J. Kurilovicz and Hittite h, and further extensions on to Armenian. In: Analecta Indoeuropea Cracovenvensia, II: Kurilovicz memorial volume. Part 1. Cracov, p. 313-315.10 Ðáí³ÝÝÇëÛ³Ý, È.Þ. гۻñ»ÝÇ Çñ³Ý³Ï³Ý ÷á˳éáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. º.1990, ¿ç 224-225:

ëÇáõ-) §³ëïí³Í¦ (ÑÝáõÙ` §»ñÏÝùÇ, ³ñ¨Ç ³ëïí³Í¦) ï»ñÙÇÝÇÝ, áñÇó µË»óíáõÙ ¿ ¨ áõñ³ñï³Ï³Ý ³ñ¨Ç ³ëïÍáõ Šiuini ³ÝáõÝÁ (ÑÙÙï. ÝáõÛÝ ßñç³ÝÇ ²ñ¨Çë, ²ñ¨Çù, ²ñ»·áõÝÇ ï»Õ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ Ë»Ã³Ï³Ý áõ ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ³é³ëå»ÉÝ»ñÁ ³ñ¨Ç áõ ÍáíÇ Ï³Ù Ù»Í É×Ç Ï³åÇ Ù³ëÇÝ)11: Àëï ³Û¹Ù, Çñáù áñ Ñݳñ³íáñ ¾ ¨՛ ꨳÝÇ, ¨՛ ²¨³Ý³ É×Ç ¿Ý¹»ÙÇÏ ÓÏ³Ý ³Ýí³ÝáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³Ý³ïáÉdzϳÝ` ˻ûñ»ÝÇÝ Ùáï, ÉáõíÇ»ñ»ÝÇó ß³ï ï³ñµ»ñ ͳ·áõÙÁ: ê³ Ã»ñ¨ë ³ÛÝ ûñÇݳÏÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¾, áñáÝù óáõÛó »Ý ï³ÉÇë, áñ ѳۻñ»ÝÇ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ ϳñáÕ »Ý ¾³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É Ý³¨ ³Ý³ïáÉÇ³Ï³Ý ó»Õ»ñÇ ï³ñ³ÍÙ³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñÇ ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï:

ÆÝ㨿, ³Ûë ·ÇñùÁ Ññ³ß³ÉÇ ûñÇÝ³Ï ¾, û ÇÝãå»ë ϳñ»ÉÇ ¾ å³ßïå³Ý»É »Õ³Í ·Çï³Ï³Ý ϳñÍÇùÝ»ñÁ, ϳ٠Áݹѳϳé³ÏÁ, Ññ³Å³ñí»É Ñ»ÕÇݳϳíáñ å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÇó, ³Ýϳßϳݹ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É Ýáñ ϳñÍÇùÝ»ñ áõ ÷³ëï³ñÏÝ»ñ ¨ ë³ÑÙ³Ý»É Ýáñ Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñ: ÆѳñÏ», µáÉáñ ·ÇïݳϳݻñÝ ¾É ÙÝáõÙ »Ý Çñ»Ýó ϳñÍÇùÝ»ñÇÝ, µ³Ûó ¨ ³ÛÝå»ë, ϳñ»ÉÇ ¾ ³ë»É, áñ ÙÇ Ï³ñ¨áñ ù³ÛÉ ¾ ³ñí»É, ¨ Ù»Ýù ³í»ÉÇ »Ýù Ùáï»ó»É ÑÇÙݳËݹñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³ÝÁ: ²é³ç »Ý ·³ÉÇë »Ý Ýáñ Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñ ϳåí³Í, ûñÇѳÏ, ѳ·áõëïÇ Ñݳ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý, ÙáÉ»ÏáõɳÛÇÝ ·»Ý»ïÇϳÛÇ, ³å³ ¨ Ñ»Ýó É»½í³µ³Ý³Ï³Ý ¨ Ñݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõûñÇ Ñ³Ù³¹ñÙ³Ý Ñ»ï: ÐÇß³ï³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñųÝÇ ¾, áñ Ñݳ·»ï ø. è»ÝýñÛáõÝ, û¨ ÉÇáíÇÝ ãÇ ÁݹáõÝáõÙ É»½í³µ³Ý ¸³ñ¹»ÝÇ ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ áñáß Ã»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¾ Ù³ïݳÝßáõÙ, µ³Ûó ¨ ³ÛÝå»ë ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ¨ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ¾ ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙ Ýñ³ Ñݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ Ýáñ Ùáï»óáõÙÁ ѳñóÇÝ:

º՛í ·Çï³ÅáÕáíÁ, ¨՛ ³Ûë ·ÇñùÝ, ³Ýßáõßï ½»ñÍ ã»Ý ûñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó: øÝݳñÏíáÕ Ã»Ù³Ý»ñÁ ¨ »ÉáõÛà áõÝ»óáÕÝ»ñÇ Ï³½ÙÁ ϳñáÕ ¾ÇÝ ³í»ÉÇ É³ÛÝ ÉÇÝ»É: ÆÝãå»ë ¨ ÝßáõÙ »Ý ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý Ù³ëݳÏÇóÝ»ñÁ, ÷³ëïáñ»Ý ã»Ý ÑÇßíáõÙ Ñݹ»íñáå³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÛÝåÇëÇ Ï³ñ¨áñ ¨ Ùß³Ïí³Í ×ÛáõÕ»ñ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý ³é³ëå»É³µ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ³Ýí³Ý³µ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ´³Ûó ¨ ³ÛÝå»ë, ûñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ã»Ý ³ñÅ»½ñÏáõÙ ·ÇñùÁ, áñÁ å»ïù ¾ ·Ý³Ñ³ïíÇ áñå»ë ÙÇ Ï³ñ¨áñ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:

Mallory, J.P., Adams, D.Q. Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture. London, Chicago, 1997.Ø»ÉáñÇ, æ.ö., ²¹³Ùë, ¸.ø. Ðݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ Ñ³Ýñ³·Çï³ñ³Ý. ÈáݹáÝ, âÇϳ·á 1997:

²Ûë ·ñ³ËáëáõÃÛ³Ý áõß³ó³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í ¿ ³ÛÝ Ñ³Ý·³Ù³Ýùáí, áñ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ ·ñ³¹³ñ³ÝÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ·Çñùñ ÙdzÛÝ í»ñç»ñë ¿ Ó»éù µ»ñí»É:

øÝݳñÏíáÕ ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý Ñ³ïáñÁ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ ï»Õ»Ï³ïáõ- ѳÝñ³·Çï³ñ³Ý ëï»ÕÍ»Éáõ ³é³çÇÝ ÷áñÓÝ ¿, ¨, ÇÝãå»ë ÉÇÝáõÙ ¿ ÝÙ³Ý ¹»åù»ñáõÙ, ³ÛÝ ½»ñÍ ã¿ Ã»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó: ºñÏáõ ËÙµ³·Çñ-ѳٳѻÕÇݳÏÝ»ñÁ, ³å³ ݳ¨ áñáß ³ÛÉ Ù³ëݳ·»ïÝ»ñ, Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáõÙ »Ý Ñá¹í³ÍÝ»ñ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý É»½í³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý, Ñݳ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý, ³½·³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý, ³é³ëå»É³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÛ³ µáÉáñ ϳñ¨áñ ûٳݻñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É: Üϳñ³·ñíáõÙ áõ µÝáõó·ñíáõÙ »Ý Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñÁ, Ñݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ, ï³ñµ»ñ »ñ¨áõÛÃÝ»ñÇ ³Ýí³ÝáõÙÝ»ñÁ, ³é³ëå»ÉáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ (ûñÇݳÏ, Ï³Ý µ³é-Ñá¹í³ÍÝ»ñ §Ñ³Û»ñ»Ý¦, §ÇÉÇñÇ»ñ»Ý¦, §ÏáÙ³ñáíÛ³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÛæ, §Ïáõñ-³ñ³ùëÛ³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÛæ, §ëÇñï¦, §ù³ÙǦ, §½ÇÝíáñÝ»ñ¦, §ÓǦ, §ÓÇáõ ³ëïí³ÍáõÑǦ, §³ëïí³Í³ÛÇÝ »ñÏíáñÛ³ÏÝ»ñ¦, §Ïñ³ÏÁ çñÇ Ù»ç¦ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): Ü»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý 3. äáÏáéÝáõ µ³é³ñ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñÛ³ µáÉáñ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÁ, ¹³ë³íáñí³Í Áëï ÇÙ³ëïÝ»ñÇ: ²é³çÇÝ ËÙµ³·Çñ-Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÁ Ñݳ·»ï ¿, Ñݹ»íñáå³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É å³Ñå³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Û³óùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ÛïÝÇ ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó, »ñÏñáñ¹Á` É»½í³µ³Ý: àñáß µ³é-Ñá¹í³ÍÝ»ñ ·ñí»É »Ý Ýñ³Ýó ÏáÕÙÇó, »ñµ ³í»ÉÇ ×Çßï ÏÉÇÝ»ñ ¹ñ³Ýù ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ»É Ù³ëݳ·»ï Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÝ»ñÇ: ò³í³ÉÇáñ»Ý ëË³É³ß³ï ¿ ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõÃÁ: êïáñ¨ µ»ñíáõÙ »Ý ѳïí³ÍÝ»ñ æ. ¶ñ»åÇÝÇ ùÝÝ³Ï³Ý ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÇó12:

гÛÏ³Ï³Ý µ³é-Ñá¹í³ÍÝ»ñÝ áõÝ»Ý µ³½áõÙ ËݹÇñÝ»ñ, áñáëóÇó áã Ù»ÏÝ ³Õ»ï³ÉÇ ã¿, µ³Ûó áñáÝù, ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç, ½·áõß³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³é³ç³óÝ»Ý Ï³ñ¹³óáÕÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ Ù³ëÇ Ùáï: (²ëíáõÙ ¿, áñ - ².ä.) гۻñ»ÝÝ áõÝÇ ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ (¿ç 302)

11 Ïåòðîñÿí, À.Å. Îòðàæåíèå èíäîåâðîïåéñêîãî êîðíÿ â àðìÿíñêîé òðàäèöèè (Èñ³µ»ñ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, 1987, № 1, ¿ç 67-68); ÜáõÛÝÇ` Ñàìîíàçâàíèå àðìÿí è âîïðîñ ëîêàëèçàöèè íîñèòåëåé ïðîòîàðìÿíñêîãî ÿçûêà (Èñ³µ»ñ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, 1991, № 5, ¿ç 127-128). 12 Greppin, J. Booknotes. Annual of Armenian linguistics. Vol. 18, 1997, p. 82.

í»ñ³·ñí³Í ÑÇ·»ñáñ¹ ¹³ñÇÝ, §µ³Ûó ³é³í»É ѳí³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÇÝ»ñáñ¹ ¹³ñÇó ëÏëíáÕ¦13 (...) ºí »ë ϳñÍáõÙ »Ù, áñ ѳۻñÇ Í³·Ù³Ý ËݹñáõÙ ³í»Éáñ¹ ß»ßï ¾ ¹ñí³Í ÷éÛáõ·³óÇÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ýñ³Ýó ϳï³ñ³Í ¹»ñÇ íñ³, ٻͳí Ù³ë³Ùµ ³ÝѳñÏÇ ³ÝùÝݳ¹³ï Ùáï»óٳٵ ·³Õ³÷³ñÝ»ñ í»ñóÝ»Éáí ¸Û³ÏáÝáíÇó: Æ í»ñçá, ³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ ÙÇ ëË³É ¾ Ç Ñ³Ûï ·³ÉÇë µ³é³ó³ÝÏáõÙ, áõñ ѳۻñ»Ý µ³é³ñ³Ýñ ëË³É Ï»ñåáí Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¾ Áëï ųٳݳϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳ·Ù³Ý... (Ù»Ï µ³é ¾ ÙdzÛÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í áñå»ë ÑÇÝ Ñ³Û»ñ»Ý, »ñÏáõëÁ` áñå»ë ÙÇçÇÝ Ñ³Û»ñ»Ý, ÇëÏ ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý ï³ëÝ»ñÏáõ ëÛáõÝÛ³Ï ·ñ³µ³ñ µ³é»ñÁ` ³õÓÇù, ³éᷳݻ٠¨ ³ÛÉÝ, Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ǵñ¨ Ýáñ ѳۻñ»Ý - ².ä.)

Î³Ý Ý³¨ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ³ÛÉ íñÇåáõÙÝ»ñ, ë˳ÉÝ»ñ áõ íÇ×»ÉÇ ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñ (ûñÇݳÏ, ²Ý¹ñÏáíϳëÇ ÙÇçÇݵñáݽ»¹³ñÛ³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ, ãÝ³Û³Í Çñ»Ýó ³ÏÝѳÛï Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ½áõ·³Ñ»éÝ»ñÇÝ, Áëï ³í³Ý¹³Ï³Ý ï»ë³Ï»ïÇ, ѳٳñíáõÙ »Ý áã Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý. û¨ ß³ï ɳí Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ³é³ëå»É³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ÛáõÙ»½ÇÉÛ³Ý ¹åñáóÇ í»ñ³Ï³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, µ³Ûó µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÙ »Ý ËáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ Ù³ëݳ·»ïÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý³Í ¨ ùÝݳñÏí³Í ³é³ëå»ÉáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ):

²Ûëù³Ý Ëáëí»ó ûñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ, ß»ßï»Éáõ ѳٳñ, áñ ³Ûë ·ÇñùÝ û·ï³·áñÍ»ÉÇë å»ïù ¿ ѳݹ»ë µ»ñ»É áñáß³ÏÇ ½·áõß³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ùÝÝ³Ï³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÙáõÝù: ´³Ûó ·ñùÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ ³Ýáõñ³Ý³ÉÇ ¿: âÝ³Û³Í µ³óÃáÕáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ áõ ë˳ÉÝ»ñÇÝ, µ»ñí³Í ³Ñé»ÉÇ, г۳ëï³Ýáõ٠ٻͳå»ë ³ÝѳÛï ÇÝýáñÙ³óÇ³Ý Ï³ñáÕ ¿ û·ï³·áñÍí»É ¨ ²ñ¨ÙáõïùáõÙ ³ñ¹»Ý ɳÛÝáñ»Ý û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ ¿ ·Çï³Ï³Ý ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç: Ahyan, S. Indo-European mythical theme on the final battle in the “History of the Armenians” by Movses Khorenaci. Journal of Indo-European studies, 1998, № 3-4, p. 447-457.Ahyan, S. A new mythical theme in the saga of Hervör and king Heidrekr and the Armenian “Epic of Sasun”. Journal of Indo-European studies, 2000, № 3-4, p. 373-383.²ÑÛ³Ý, ê. ì»ñçÇÝ ×³Ï³ï³Ù³ñïÇ ³é³ëå»É³Ï³Ý Ã»Ù³Ý Øáíë»ë Ëáñ»Ý³óáõ §Ð³Ûáó å³ïÙáõÃ۳ݦ Ù»ç. Ðݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳݹ»ë, 1998, № 3-4, ¿ç 447-457: ²ÑÛ³Ý, ê. Üáñ ³é³ëå»É³µ³Ý³ÏÝ Ã»Ù³ лñíÛáñÇ áõ л۹»ñÏñ ³ñù³ÛÇ ³ëùáõÙ ¨ ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý §ê³ëáõÝÇ ¿åáëÁ¦. Ðݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳݹ»ë, 2000, № 3-4, ¿ç 373-383:

üñ³Ýë³Ñ³Û ·ÇïÝ³Ï³Ý êï»÷³Ý ²ÑÛ³ÝÇ ³Ûë »ñÏáõ Ñá¹í³ÍÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ¨ ݳËáñ¹Ý»ñÁ, ÝíÇñí³Í »Ý ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý íÇå³Ï³Ý µ³Ý³ÑÛáõëáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç µÝÇÏ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ųé³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïÙ³ÝÁ: Æ Ñ³Ï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ Çñ ³é³çÇÝ ³ß˳ïáõÃÛáõÝ»ñÇ, áñáÝóáõÙ ÷áñÓ ¾ ³ñíáõ٠ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ³í³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç óáõó³¹ñ»Éáõ Ä. ¸ÛáõÙ»½ÇÉÇ ¹åñáóÇ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý §»é³ýáõÝÏóÇáݳɦ ÇñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, ³Ûë »ñÏáõëÁ ÑÇÙÝí³Í »Ý ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݳµ³ñ §ìÇå³ë³ÝùáõÙ¦ áõ §ê³ëݳ Íé»ñáõÙ¦ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ³ÛÉ ¿åáëÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï µ³ó³éÇÏ ÁݹѳÝñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïÙ³ÝÁ: гïϳå»ë Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ ¿ ³é³çÇÝÁ: 1976-ÇÝ ê. ú’´ñ³Û»ÝÁ ëϳݹÇݳíÛ³Ý, Çéɳݹ³Ï³Ý, ÑéáÙ»³Ï³Ý ¨ ÑÝ¹Ï³Ï³Ý ÑÇÝ íÇå³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É ¿ §í»ñçÇÝ ×³Ï³ï³Ù³ñïǦ ³é³ëå»É³Ï³Ý ûٳÝ: ê³ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ³é³ëå»É³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ù»Ý³Í³í³ÉáõÝ í»ñ³Ï³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿, µ³Õϳó³Í ï³ë Ï»ïÇó: ê.²ÑÛ³ÝÇ Ñá¹í³ÍáõÙ óáõÛó ¿ ïñíáõÙ, áñ ³Û¹ Ã»Ù³Ý å³ñ½áñáß Ï»ñåáí å³Ñå³Ýí»É ¿ ݳ¨ Ñ³Û íÇå³Ï³Ý ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃáõÙ` ºñí³Ý¹ ¨ ²ñï³ß»ë ³ñù³Ý»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ å³ïÙáÕ í»åáõÙ: Àݹ áñáõÙ, ѳÛϳϳÝ

13 ²Ûë ³ñï³éáó ë˳ÉÇ Ù»ÕùÝ, ³Ýßáõßï, Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÝ»ñÇÝÝ ¾: ´³Ûó, ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó, ³Ûëï»Õ Ù»Õ³íáñ ¾ ݳ¨ ²ñ¨ÙáõïùáõÙ è. ÂáÙëáÝÇ Êáñ»Ý³óáõ óñ·Ù³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ñ»ïá ѳ۳·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý áñáß Ñ³ñó»ñÇ ßáõñç ëï»ÕÍí³Í ÙÃÝáÉáñïÁ: Êáñ»Ý³óáõ ¨ ÙÇçݳ¹³ñÛ³Ý ³ÛÉ Ñ³Û Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÝ»ñÇ áõß Õ³ñ³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáí í»ñ³Ãí³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ³å³ ¨ Çñ»Ýó ѳ۳ëï³ÝÛ³Ý Áݹ¹ÇÙ³ËáëÝ»ñÇ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ýϳïٳٵ ³ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ñ³Û³·»ïÝ»ñÇ Ã»ñ³Ñ³í³ï áõ ³ñѳٳñÑ³Ï³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÙáõÝùÁ ²ñ¨ÙáõïùáõÙ ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¾ ëï»ÕÍáõÙ, û áÕç ѳ۳ëï³ÝÛ³Ý Ñ³Û³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ½µ³Õí³Í ¾ ÙdzÛÝ ÑÇÝ Ñ³Û Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý Ñ»ï ï³Ý»Éáí, ³ÛëÇÝùÝ` Ñ³Û ·ñ³íáñ ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÁ, ³å³ ¨ áÕç Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÁ ÑݳóÝ»Éáí, áñÝ ³ÛÉ Ï»ñå, ù³Ý ³ÝÉáõñç ݳóÇáݳÉÇëï³Ï³Ý ½µ³ÕÙáõÝù, ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ Ïáãí»É: гïϳÝß³Ï³Ý ¾, áñ, ûñÇݳÏ, ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ÙÇ Éáõñç Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý, ÇÝãåÇëÇÝ §´ñÇï³ÝÇϳ¦ ѳÝñ³·Çï³ñ³ÝÝ ¾, ÇÝï»ñÝ»ï³ÛÇÝ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏáõÙ Êáñ»Ý³óáõ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É Ï³ñ׳éáï Ñá¹í³ÍÇ ³ÙµáÕç ï»ùëïáõÙ ËáëíáõÙ ¾ ³ÛÝ Ù³ëÇÝ, áñ Éáõñç ·ÇïݳϳÝÝ»ñÁ Ýñ³Ý Ãí³·ñáõÙ »Ý ÑÇÝ·»ñáñ¹ ¹³ñÇó áõß, ¨ ÙdzÛÝ í»ñçáõÙ ÙÇ ÙÇïù ϳ ³ÛÝ Ù³ëÇÝ, áñ Êáñ»Ý³óáõ Ùáï å³Ñå³Ýí»É »Ý áñáß ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ»ñ ѳۻñÇ ÑÇÝ Ñ³í³ï³ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É: ²Ñ³ ³Û¹ ¾, å³ñ½íáõÙ ¾, Êáñ»Ý³óáõ í³ëï³ÏÁ (»Ã» ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ Ï»ÕÍ Ñ³Ù³ñ»Ýù Êáñ»Ý³óáõ ³í³Ý¹³Ï³Ý Ãí³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ Ï»ÕÍÇù` ѳÛáó å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É Ýñ³ µáÉáñ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ³å³ ÙÝáõÙ ÑÇÝ Ñ³Û µ³Ý³ÑÛáõëáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ³ÛÉ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ áõ ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ Ýñ³ µ»ñ³Í ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù Éáõñç »Ý ÁݹáõÝíáõÙ ³Û¹ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõ Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÝ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáÕÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó):

ÝÛáõÃÁ Ýáñ µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¨ Éñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ï³ÉÇë: лÕÇݳÏÇ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³Ý ϳñáÕ ¾ ͳé³Û»É ³ÛÝ ÷³ëïÁ, áñ лëÇá¹áëÇ §Â»á·áÝdzÛǦ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ï³ññ»ñÇÝ ÝíÇñí³Í ÙÇ Ñá¹í³Í, ÝáõÛÝ Ñ³Ý¹»ëÇ 2000 Ã. ѳٳñÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏáõÙ, Ñ»ÝíáõÙ ¿ ݳ¨ Ýñ³ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ íñ³:

ê. ²ÑÛ³ÝÝ ³ñ¹»Ý 1982-ÇÝ Ññ³ï³ñ³Ï»ó Ù»½³ÝáõÙ ¹»é¨ë ³ñųÝÇáñ»Ý ã·Ý³Ñ³ïí³Í ÙÇ ³ß˳ïáõÃÛáõÝ, áñï»Õ ³é³çÇÝ ³Ý·³Ù ųٳݳϳÏÇó ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ïáí óáõÛó ¾ñ ïñíáõ٠ѳÛáó ³½·³ÍÇÝ ³í³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý` гÛÏÇ ¨ Ýñ³ ѳçáñ¹ ݳѳå»ïÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ å³ïÙáÕ ½ñáõÛóÝ»ñÇ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ͳ·áõÙÁ14: Ðá¹í³ÍÁ Ññ³ï³ñ³Ïí»ó ųٳݳϳÏÇó ѳٻٳï³Ï³Ý ³é³ëå»É³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹Çñ Å. ¸ÛáõÙ»½ÇÉÇ í»ñç³µ³Ýáí: ê³ ¾³Ï³Ý Ýí³×áõÙ ¾ñ ѳ۳·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñáíÑ»ï¨ ÙÇÝã ³Û¹ ³ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý ·ÇïݳϳÝÝ»ñÁ (³Û¹ ÃíáõÙ ¨ Ñ»Ýó ¸ÛáõÙ»½ÇÉÝ ÇÝùÁ), ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ ¨ ѳïϳå»ë ³é³ëå»É³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ ¹ÇïáõÙ ¾ÇÝ áñå»ë ÙdzÛÝ Çñ³Ý³Ï³ÝÇó ÷á˳éÛ³É »ñ¨áõÛÃÝ»ñ: лﳷ³ÛáõÙ ê. ²ÑÛ³ÝÁ ÷áñÓ»ó óáõÛó ï³É ݳ¨ §ê³ëݳ Íé»ñǦ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÁ15 (³Û¹ ËݹñÇÝ ³í»ÉÇ í³Õ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ»É ¿ÇÝ Ø. ²µ»ÕÛ³ÝÁ, ê. ä»ïñáëÛ³ÝÁ, ê. гñáõÃÛáõÝÛ³ÝÁ): ²í»ÉÇ áõß Å. ¸ÛáõÙ»½ÇÉÝ ÇÝùÝ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ³í ѳÛáó ³½·³ÍÇÝ ³í³Ý¹áõÃÛ³ÝÁ ¨ §ê³ëݳ Íé»ñÇݦ, µ³óëëѳÛï»Éáí áõ í»ñÉáõÍ»Éáí ¹ñ³ÝóáõÙ áñáß µÝÇÏ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý ï³ññ»ñ16: Àݹ áñáõÙ, Ýñ³ ³Ûë ·áñÍÝ ³ÏÝѳÛïáñ»Ý á·»ßÝãí³Í ¾ñ ê. ²ÑÛ³ÝÇ Ý³Ëáñ¹ ³ß˳ïáõÃÛáÝÝ»ñÇó. ³í»ÉÇÝ, ³é³çÇÝ Ñ³ÛÏÛ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ï»ñå³ñÝ»ñÇ ¹ÛáõÙ»½ÇÉÛ³Ý í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõÕÕ³ÏÇáñ»Ý ÏñÏÝáõÙ ¾ ²ÑÛ³ÝÇÝ:

ä»ïù ¾ ³ñųÝÇÝ Ñ³ïáõó»É ýñ³Ýë³Ñ³Û Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÇÝ, áñÝ ²ñ¨ÙáõïùáõÙ ÙdzÛÝ³Ï ß³ñáõݳÏáõÙ ¾ Çñ ÇëÏ ëÏë³Í ¹Åí³ñÇÝ ·áñÍÁ: ì»ñçÇÝ »ñÏáõ Ñá¹í³ÍÝ»ñÁ, ïåí³Í ³Ûë ³Ù»Ý³Ñ»ÕÇݳϳíáñ ѳݹ»ëáõÙ, Ýñ³ ѳݷáõóÛ³É ËÙµ³·Çñ, Ý߳ݳíáñ Ñݹ»íñáå³µ³Ý ¾. äáÉáÙ»Ç ù³ç³É»ñ³Ýùáí ¨ ËáñÑñ¹³ïíáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ³ÝϳëϳÍ, Çñ»Ýó Ýå³ëïÁ ϵ»ñ»Ý ѳ۳·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍÇÝ, ³å³ ݳ¨ Ïû·Ý»Ý Ç í»ñçá ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»Éáõ ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ³é³ëå»É³Ï³Ý ¨ íÇå³Ï³Ý ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÁ, ³å³ ¨ áÕç ÑÇÝ Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÁ áñå»ë ÙdzÛÝ Çñ³Ý³Ï³ÝÇ ÙÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³É Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»Éáõ ²ñ¨ÙáõïùáõÙ ¹»é¨ë ß³ñáõݳÏíáÕ Ùï³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

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LRC JIES HomeScholars'PublicationsThe Journal of Indo-European Studies

Author Index

JIES IndexGL IndexIE Doc CenterAuthors - H

Haarmann, Harald

(1989). Writing from Old Europe to Ancient Crete - A Case of Cultural Continuity.Volume 17: 251ff.

(1994). Contact Linguistics, Archaeology and Ethnogenetics: An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Indo-European Homeland Problem.Volume 22: 265ff.

14 Les débuts de l’histoire d’Arménie et les trois fonctions indo-européennes. Revue de l’histoire des religions. 1982, CIC-3, p. 359-371.15 î»ë, ûñÇݳÏ, ²ÑÛ³Ý, ê. §ê³ëݳ Íé»ñ¦ ¿åáëÁ ¨ Ñݹ»íñáå³Ï³Ý »ñ»ù ýáõÝÏódzݻñÁ. ä´Ð 1985, № 1, ¿ç 32-46: ä»ïù ¿ ³ë»É, áñ §ê³ëݳ Íé»ñǦ ³Ûë í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ùÝݳ¹³ï³µ³ñ »Ý ÁݹáõÝí»É Ä. ¸ÛáõÙ»½ÇÉÇ ÏáÕÙÇó (Dumézil, G. Myth et epopée, t. 1, III ed. Paris 1986, p. 644): 16 Dumézil, G. Le roman de jumeaux. Paris, 1994, p. 121 seq., 133 seq.

(1998). On the Problem of Primary and Secondary Diffusion of Indo- Europeans and Their Languages.Volume 26: 391ff.

Hagopian, Gayané

(1998). The Classical Armenian Term Skndik.JIES Monograph 27: 126-143.

Haldeyeva, Natalia

(1996). Methods of Evaluation of the Autoidentification Test in Physical Anthropology.JIES Monograph 17: 323-329.

Hallman, Frithjof

(1984). The Labyrinth. In: Essays in Memory of Karl Kerényi, ed. by Edgar C. Polomé.JIES Monograph 4: 39- 48.

Hamp, Eric P.

Hamp's JIES Articles

HAN Kangxin

(1998). The Physical Anthropology of the Ancient Populations of the Tarim Basin and Surrounding Areas.JIES Monograph 26, Vol. II: 558-572.

Hanks, Bryan K.

(2001). Towards an Understanding of the Indo-European Origin Problem: Theoretical and Methodological Interfaces.JIES Monograph 40: 287-305.

(2002). Review of The Atlantic Celts: Ancient People of Modern Invention? (1999), by Simon James.Volume 30,3-4: 411- 415.

(2002). Review of Beyond Celts, Germans and Scythians: Archaeology and Identity in Iron Age Europe (2001), by Peter S. Wells.Volume 30,3-4: 415- 418.

Hansen, Jellison Leigh

(1980). Death and the Indo-Europeans: Some Traditions.Volume 8: 31ff.

Hansen, Ove

(1987). On the Recently Published Inscribed Gold Ring from the Argolid.Volume 15: 390ff.

Harbison, Peter

(1975). The Coming of the Indo-Europeans to Ireland: An Archaeological Viewpoint.Volume 3: 101ff.

Harkness, John

(2002). Observations on Appositions in Beowulf.JIES Monograph 43: 79-88.

Harutyunyan, Sargis B.

(2002). The Indo-European and Ancient Near Eastern Sources of the Armenian Epic (2002), by Armen Y. Petrosyan.Volume 30, 3-4: 484- 489.

Harvey, Paul B., Jr. (with Philip Baldi)

(2002). Populus: A Reevaluation.JIES Monograph 44: 145-164.

Haudry, Jean

(1982). Comparative Mythology and Comparative Philology.JIES Monograph 3: 17- 24.

(1997). Religious Polemics in the Heroic Age? Some Linguistic Hints. JIES Monograph 23: 99-114.

Häusler, Alexander

(1977). Comment on 'The Chronology of the Early Kurgan Tradition'.Volume 5: 369ff.

(1999). Nomadenhypothese und Ursprung der Indogermanen.JIES Monograph 33: 117-170.

Hawkes, Christopher

(1987). Archaeologists and Indo-Europeansists: Can they Mate? Hinderances and Hopes.Unnumbered: For M. Gimbutas, 203-215.

HE Dexiu

(1998). A Brief Report on the Mummies from the Zaghunluq site in Ch&aumlrch&aumln County.JIES Monograph 26, Vol. I: 169-174.

Hegedus, Irén

(1997). On Grammaticalization in Nostratic.JIES Monograph 22: 106-115.

Hegedus, Irén, Peter A. Michalove, & Alexis Manaster Ramer, eds.

(1997). Indo-European, Nostratic, and Beyond: Festschrift for Vitalij V. Shevoroshkin.JIES Monograph 22.

Hemrajani, Pramila

(1997). Three Kisses.JIES Monograph 22: 116-139.

Herity, Michael

(1981). Irish Decorated Neolithic Pottery and Its Context.Volume 9: 69ff.

(1991). The Phases of the Irish Neolithic.Volume 19: 29ff.

(1997). Irish and Scandinavian Neolithic Pottery Vessels: Some Comparisons.JIES Monograph 19: 155-175.

Hewson, John

(1984). Resonant and High Vowel in Proto-Indo-European.Volume 12: 375ff.

Hicks, Harry H. & Robert N. Anderson

(1990). Analysis of an Indo-European Vedic Aryan Head - 4500-2500 B.C.Volume 18: 425

Hiebert, Fredrik T.

(1998). Central Asians on the Iranian Plateau: A Model for Indo-Iranian Expansionism.JIES Monograph 26, Vol. I: 148-161.

Hiebert, Fredrik T. (with Natalia I. Shishlina)

(1998). The Steppe and the Sown: Interaction between Bronze Age Eurasian Nomads and Agriculturalists.JIES Monograph 26, Vol. I: 222-237.

Hilmarsson, Jorundur

(1982). Indo-European 'Tongue'.Volume 10: 355ff.

Hiltebeitel, Alf

(1982). Brothers, Friends, and Charioteers: Parallel Episodes in the Irish and Indian Epics.JIES Monograph 3: 85- 112.

Hirunuma, Toshio

(1986). The Dialects of Ancient Northern Italy.

Volume 14: 205ff.

Hock, Hans

(1991). On the Origin and Early Development of the Sacred Sanskrit Syllable *OM.JIES Monograph 7: 89- 110.

(2002). Vedic éta ... stáváma: Subordinate, Coordinate, or What?.JIES Monograph 43: 89-102.

Hoenigswald, Henry M.

(1973). Indo-European *p in Celtic and the Claims for a Relative Chronology.Volume 1: 324ff.

(1977). Diminutives and Tatpurusas: The Indo-European Trend toward Endocentricity.Volume 5: 9ff.

(1997). Analogy in Cyrene and Elsewhere.JIES Monograph 23: 93-98.

(1999). Secondary Split, Gap-filling & Bifurcation in Historical Phonology. JIES Monograph 30: 201-206.

Hoffner, Harry A., Jr.

(1997). On Safari in Hittite Anatolia.JIES Monograph 20: 5- 22.

The Hittite Laws: A Critical Edition (1997), reviewed by Carol F. Justus.Volume 30,1-2: 179- 188.

Hogan, Arwen Lee

(2002). The Modesty of Odysseus.JIES Monograph 44: 81-94.

Holland, Gary B.

(1996). Relativization and Word Order in Old Irish and Vedic Sanskrit.Volume 24: 323ff.

Hollifield, Patrick

(1978). Indo-European Etymologies.Volume 6: 173ff.

Holton, Frederick S.

(1993). Literary Tradition and the Old English Bee Charm.Volume 21: 37ff.

Hook, Peter Edwin

(1997). Relative Clauses in Eastern Shina.JIES Monograph 22: 140-154.

Hopkinson, Beatrice

(1975). Archaeological Evidence of Saltmoulding at Important European Saltsites and Its Relationship to the Distribution of Urnfielders.Volume 3: 1ff.

Hopper, Paul J.

(1977). The Typology of the Proto-Indo-European Segmental Inventory.Volume 5: 41ff.

Horowitz, Michael G.

(1996). The Scientific Dialectic of Ancient Greece and the Cultural Tradition of Indo-European Speakers.Volume 24: 409ff.

Houben, Jeffrey L.

(1977). Word-Order Change and Subordination in Homeric Greek.Volume 5: 1ff.

Hsü, Kenneth J.

(1998). Did the Xinjiang Indo-Europeans Leave Their Home Because of Global Cooling?JIES Monograph 26, Vol. II: 682-698.

Huld, MartinHuld's JIES Publications

Indo-European PerspectivesMonograph No. 43 — Edited by Mark Southern

Preface; Miles C. Beckwith: Greek verbs in -íσκο –A paradigmatic solution; Hope Dawson:

Deviations from the Greek in the Gothic New Testament; George E. Dunkel: Vedicjanapadás and Ionic 6νδρáποδον: with notes on Vedic drupadám and IE *pédom ‘place’ and

‘fetter’; Joseph F. Eska: Remarks on linguistic structures in a Gaulish ritual text; Benjamin

W. Fortson IV: Linguistic and cultural notes on Latin Iúnius and related topics; John

Harkness: Observations on appositions in Beowulf; Hans Henrich Hock: Vedic éta …stává

ma: Subordinate, coordinate, or what?; Brian D. Joseph: Balkan insights into the syntaxof *mé: in Indo-European; Carol F. Justus: Hittite and Indo-European gender; Ronald Kim:

The distribution of the Old Irish infixed pronouns, Cowgill’s particle, and the syntacticevolution of Insular Celtic; Sara Kimball: Hittite kings and queens; Jared S. Klein:

Homoioteleuton in the Rigveda; H. Craig Melchert: Hieroglyphic Luvian REL-ipa ‘indeed,certainly’; †Edgar C. Polomé: Some thoughts about the Indo-European homeland; Charles

Reiss: Towards an explanation of analogy; Don Ringe: Tocharian BUp ‘and’; Douglas P.A.

Simms: A word for ‘wild boar’ in Germanic, Italic, Balto-Slavic and Greek and its possibleSemitic origins; Ann Taylor: The distribution of object clitics in Koiné Greek; Bert Vaux:

Szemerényi’s Law and Stang’s Law in non-linear phonology; Brent Vine: On full-grade *-ro-formations in Greek and Indo-European; Michael Weiss: Observations on the South PiceneInscription TE 1 (S. Omero).ISBN 09416948442002, Pages vi + 306, Paperback, $58.00

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Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference:Los Angeles, November 9-10, 2001Monograph 44 — Edited by Karlene Jones-Bley, Martin E. Huld,

Angela Della Volpe, Miriam Robbins Dexter.

Introduction; Language Abbreviations; MIGRATION AND LANGUAGE CONTACT: J.P.

Mallory: Indo-Europeans and the Steppelands: The Model of Language Shift; Petri Kallio:

Prehistoric Contacts between Indo-European and Uralic; IDEOLOGY AND

MYTHOLOGY: Paul-Louis van Berg and Marc Vander Linden: Ctesias’ Assyriaka: Indo-

European and Mesopotamian Royal Ideologies; Edwin D. Floyd: Who Killed Patroklos?Expressing the Inexpressible through an Inherited Formula; Arwen Lee Hogan: TheModesty of Odysseus; Dean Miller: Theseus and the Fourth Function; LANGUAGE:

TYPOLOGY, ETYMOLOGY AND GRAMMATOLOGY: Andrii Danylenko: The East Slavic

‘HAVE’: Revising a Developmental Scenario; Anatoly Liberman: English Ivy and GermanEpheu in Their Germanic and Indo-European Context; Paul B. Harvey, Jr. and Philip H.

Baldi: Populus: A Reevaluation.

ISBN 0-941694-85-22002, Pages x + 191, Paperback: $46.00

Regional Specifics in Light of Global Models BC —Complex Societies of Central Eurasia from the 3rd to the 1st Millennium.Volume 1: Ethnos, Language, Culture; General Problems;Studying Statistics; Studying Sintashta; The Eneolithic and Bronze AgesMonograph 45 — Edited by Karlene Jones-Bley D. G. Zdanovich

Introductions by Karlene Jones-Bley and D.G. Zdanovich. I. COMPLEX SOCIETIES OF

CENTRAL EURASIA—ETHNOS, LANGUAGE, CULTURE: Colin Renfrew: The Indo-

European Problem and the Exploitation of the Eurasian Steppes—Questions of TimeDepth; E.E. Kuzmina: Ethnic and Cultural Interconnections between Iran and Turan in the

2ndMillennium BC; Vyacheslav Vs. Ivanov: Towards A Possible Linguistic Interpretation ofthe Arkaim—Sintashta Discoveries; I.V. Pyankov: Arkaim and the Indo-Iranian Var; A.P.

Medvedev: Avestan “Yima’s Town” in Historical and Archaeological Perspective; Karlene

Jones-Bley: Indo-European Burial, the “Rig Veda,” and “Avesta”; L.T. Yablonsky:

Archaeological Mythology and Some Real Problems of the Current Archaeology. II.

COMPLEX SOCIETIES OF CENTRAL EURASIA—GENERAL PROBLEMS: L.N.

Koryakova: Social Landscape of Central Eurasia in the Bronze and Iron Ages—Tendencies,Factors, and Limits of Transformation. III. COMPLEX SOCIETIES OF CENTRAL

EURASIA—STUDING SINTASHTA: G.B. ZDANOVICH AND I.M. BATANINA:

Planography of the Fortified Centers of the Middle Bronze Age in the Southern Trans-Uralsaccording to Aerial Photography Data; A.V. Epimakhov: Complex Societies and thePossibilities to Diagnose them on the Basis of Archaeological Data: Sintashta Type Sites ofthe Middle Bronze Age of the Trans-Urals; A.V. Epimakhov: The Sintashta Culture and theIndo-European Problem; T.S. Malyutina: “Proto-towns” of the Bronze Age in the South

Urals and Ancient Khorasmia; R.A. Litvinenko: On the Problem of ChronologicalCorrelation between Sintashta Type and MRC Sites; V.N. Logvin: The Cemetery ofBestamak and the Structure of the Community; D.G. Zdanovich and L.L. Gayduchenko:

Sintashta Burial Sacrifice—The Bolshekaragansky Cemetery in Focus; P.A. Kosintsev:

Animals in the Burial Rite of the Population of the Volga-Ural Area in the Beginning of the

2ndMillennium BC. IV. COMPLEX SOCIETIES OF CENTRAL EURASIA—THE

ENEOLITHIC AND BRONZE AGES: N.L. Morgunova: Yamnaya (Pit-Grave) Culture in theSouth Urals Area; T.M. Potemkina: The Trans-Ural Eneolithic Sanctuaries withAstronomical Reference Points in a System of Similar Eurasian Models; V.T. Kovalyova and

O.V. Ryzhkova: Circular Settlements in the Lower Tobal Area (Tashkovo Culture); I.I.

Dryomov The Regional Differences of the Prestige Bronze Ages Burials (Peculiarities of thePokrovsk Group); N.M. Malov: Spears—Signs of Archaic Leaders of the Pokrovsk

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Archaeological Culture; A.N. Usachuk: Regional Peculiarities of Technology of the ShieldCheekpiece Production (Based on the Materials of the Middle Don, Volga, and SouthUrals); Index to Volumes 1 & 2.

ISBN 0-941694-83-62002, Pages xxxviii + 364, Volume 1, with illustrations, $52.00

Regional Specifics in Light of Global Models BC —Complex Societies of Central Eurasia from the 3rd to the 1st Millennium.Volume 2: The Iron Age; Archaeoecology, Geoarchaeology,and Palaeogeography; Beyond Central EurasiaMonograph 46 — Edited by Karlene Jones-Bley D. G. Zdanovich

V. COMPLEX SOCIETIES OF CENTRAL EURASIA—IRON AGE: K.A. Akishev:

Archaeological Reference Points in Prognostication of the Structures of Ancient Societiesof the Eurasian Steppe; Bryan Hanks: Societal Complexity and Mortuary Rituality—Thoughts on the Nature of Archaeological Interpretation; N.P. Matveeva: Interpretation ofModels of Sargat Culture Settlements in Western Siberia. VI. ARCHAEOECOLOGY,

GEOARCHAEOLOGY, AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL EURASIAN

COMPLEX SOCIETIES: V.A. Demkin and T.S. Demkina: Paleoecological Crises and

Optima in the Eurasian Steppes in Ancient Times and the Middle Ages; L.L. Gayduchenko:

Organic Remains from Fortified Settlements and Necropoli of the “Country of Towns”; V.V.

Zaykov, A.M. Yuminov, A.Ph. Bushmakin, E.V. Zaykova, A.D. Tairov, and G.B. Zdanovich:

Ancient Copper Mines and Products from Base and Noble Metals in the Southern Urals;A.V. Matveeev, N.Ye. Ryabogina, T.S. Syomochkina, and S.I. Larin: Materials on thePalaeogeographic Description of the Andronovo Age in the Trans-Urals Forest-Steppe. VII.

BEYOND CENTRAL EURASIA: Leif Karlenby: Communication and Interaction with theEast in Bronze Age Scandinavia; Eva Hjartner-Holdar and Christina Risberg: Interactionbetween Different Regions of Europe and Russia during the Late Bronze Age in the Lightof the Introduction of Iron Technology; E. Bánffy: A Stuck Process—Urbanisation in theCarpathian Late Neolithic; Marta Guzowska: The Trojan Connection or Mycenaeans,Penteconters, and the Black Sea; Philip Kohl, Magomed Gadzhiev, and Rabadan

Magomedov: Connections between the Caucasus and the West Eurasian Steppes during the

3rdMillennium BC; V.M. Masson: Bronze Age Cultures of the Steppe and UrbanizedCivilization of the South of Middle Asia; L.T. Pyankova: South Tajikistan—Synthesis ofSettled and Steppe Cultures at the End of the Bronze Age; V.I. Sarianidi: Chamber Gravesof the Gonur Necropolis; Kathryn Linduff: At the Eastern Edge—Metallurgy and

Adaptation in Gansu (PRC) in the 2ndMillennium BC. Index to Volumes 1 & 2

ISBN 0-942694-86-02002, Pages xxxviii + 289, Volume 2, with illustrations, $52.00

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ALSO AVAILABLE: Although not numbered in the Monograph Series —

Proto-Indo-European — The Archaeology of a Linguistic Problem:Studies in Honor of Marija GimbutasEdited by Susan Nacev Skomal and Edgar C. Polomé

A. Richard Diebold, Jr.: Linguistic Ways to Prehistory; Winfred P. Lehmann: Linguistic andArchaeological Data for Handbooks of Proto-Languages; János Nemeskéri and László

Szathmáry: An Anthropological Evaluation of the IE Problem; Nikolai Ja. Merpert:

Ethnocultural Change in the Balkans in the Eneolithic; Sándor Bökönyi: Horses and Sheepin the Copper and Bronze Ages; Homer L. Thomas: The Indo-Europeans—Some Historicaland Theoretical Considerations; János Makkay: The Linear Pottery and the Early Indo-Europeans; Eric P. Hamp: The Pig in Ancient Northern Europe; Ralph M. Rowlett: GraveWealth in the Horodenka Group; Christopher Hawkes: Archaeologists and Indo-Europeanists—Can They Mate?; Edgar C. Polomé: Who are the Germanic People?; Gregory

Nagy: The IE Heritage of Tribal Organization—Evidence from the Greek polis; Bruce

Lincoln: On the Scythian Royal Burials; Calvert Watkins: Linguistic and ArchaeologicalLight on Some Homeric Formulas; T.L. Markey: Morning, Evening, and the TwilightBetween; Wolfgang P. Schmidt: ‘Indo-European’—’Old European’; Colin Renfrew: OldEurope or Ancient Near East? Clay Cylinders of Sitagroi; Edgar C. Polomé: MarijaGimbutas, A Biographical Sketch.

ISBN 0-941694-29-11987 (1994), Pages 400, Paperback with illustrations: $52.00

Indo-European Origins:The Anthropological EvidenceBy John V. Day

A comprehensive survey of the evidence from biological anthropology for Indo-European

origins, based on the author’s Ph.D. thesis prepared under Professor James Mallory. Theauthor first considers the various ways that languages can spread and the possible biologicalimplications of these expansions. He then embarks on an exhaustive survey of over 2,600books and articles relating to the physical anthropology of the earliest identified speakers ofIndo-European languages, based on ancient texts, artworks and lexicons. Covering Europeand Asia from the Neolithic onwards, His study surveys dermatoglyphics, mummifiedcorpses, skeletal remains and genetic material for evidence of ancient populationmovements. An attempt is then made to integrate findings from biological anthropologywith data from linguistics, archaeology and social anthropology to test the validity ofmigration theories in relation to the dispersal of the Indo-European languages and thepossible location of a hypothecated proto-Indo-European language. The bibliography lists

over 2,600 books and articles.

ISBN 0-941694-75-52001, Pages xxvi +546, Paperback, 41 figures: $68