graphite vademecum e-h

- 1 -

Graphite vade mecum

Contents

1. General information

2. Specifications

3. Product overview

4. Sale shapes

5. Operating conditions

6. Applications

7. Parameters in accordance with DIN EN 13555

8. Material specifications

9. Chemical resistance

Klinger AG Egliswil, Industrie Nord, CH-5704 Egliswil, Phone. +41 62 7693030, Fax +41 62 7693033

- 2 -

1. General information Graphite Laminate Klinger graphite laminate is made from expanded graphite layers which are either glued onto plain sheet metal or rolled onto tanged sheet metal. A homogenous graphite laminate is obtained by sticking homogenous graphite foils together. The adhesive layer is invoked by means of a controlled process which allows - the volume of adhesive to remain less than 1% of the graphite volume - an even distribution of the adhesive to be guaranteed The advantage of this method is that the excellent properties of flexible graphite are retained. As only a low quantity of adhesive is used, the exceptional chemical and thermal resistance of the graphite is not affected. Properties of graphite Graphite is characterised by a number of peculiarities, such as, for example: - Temperature resistance from -200°C to +450°C (or higher in an inert atmos- phere) - Exceptional micro-sealing - Exceptional resistance to temperature fluctuations - High thermal conductivity on level ground - No heat or cold transfer, either under pressure or temperature load - Flexibility in the whole temperature range - No swelling or shrinking under the influence of agents - Unlimited shelf life - Easy manipulation - No risk to health Non-stick coating In order to prevent the gasket material from sticking to the flange surface (even at high temperatures), the graphite surface can be given a non-stick coating at the customer's request. With this process step, it is a matter of coating the graphite surface and not impregnation.

- 3 -

Chemical resistance Graphite is resistant to almost all agents such as acids, alkalis, solvents, fats, oils, gas, vapour and water. Exceptions to this are strong oxidising agents such as concentrated nitric acid, potassium chlorate, permanganate solutions and chloric acid. Details can be found in the resistance table (Item 9). The resistance of the fillers used are also to be taken into consideration! Shelf-life As a rule, storage temperature, exposure to light, etc. do not have any influence on the shelf-life of graphite laminates. However, the following conditions for proper storage should be adhered to in order to achieve shelf-lives of > 10 years: - Temperature range -20°C to +50°C - Clean and dry air (no particles of dirt, no aggressive gases or vapours) - Protection from damages - Store flat goods horizontally Usage parameters Because of the high requirements which are placed on the safety of sealing joints and the demands which apply nowadays for the utmost imperviousness, it is necessary to choose and fit the right gasket with the corresponding know-how. The adjustment to the unevenness of the sealing surface is dependent on the compressibility of the gasket as well as the surface texture of the sealing surface and the surface contact pressure. When choosing the material, it must be ensured that the agent resistance of the gasket material is also specified under operating conditions. As a rule, well compressed gaskets are more resistant than slightly compressed gaskets. The overall properties regarding strength and statics are determined by the whole gasket system. Subject to the high requirements of the imperviousness of flange joints, high surface contact pressures must be invoked on the gasket with increasing internal pressure. For such operating conditions, it must be checked whether this flanged joint is also able to withstand this load without being mechanically overloaded. So that the sealing joint is impermeable, a set minimum surface contact pressure is required. Furthermore, it is exceptionally important for the life span of the gasket that the required minimum surface contact pressure of the gasket is never fallen short of when the gasket is in operation. Higher compressed, but not over compressed, gaskets have a longer life span than slightly compressed gaskets. It cannot however be guaranteed

- 4 -

that the incorporated gasket is exclusively statically loaded or, in the case that voltage fluctuations are to be expected during discontinuous operation, then special gasket materials which do not get brittle at high temperatures are used for water / vapour applications. For gaskets which are used in the discontinuous operation of water-vapour circuits, a minimum surface contact pressure during operation of 30MPa is recommended as a general rule. In such cases, the gasket should be as thin as is both technically possible and reasonable. The imperviousness is dependent on, amongst other things, the surface contact pressure invoked during installation and which remains during operation. A properly chosen and installed gasket will have a long life span. The multiple usage of gaskets is advised against for safety reasons. The maximum permissible surface contact pressure of the gasket material subject to pressure, temperature and gasket thickness must not be exceeded. The sealing joint remains impervious if the surface contact pressure during operation is higher than the required minimum surface contact pressure and the maximum permissible surface contact pressure σBO of the gasket is not exceeded. A generally binding rule for determining the required gasket thickness does not exist. A thickness of 2mm is usually sufficient; thinner gaskets permit higher surface contact pressures.

- 5 -

2. Graphite specifications Property Quality A B C

Thickness mm 0.25 – 1.00 0.20 – 1.50 0.20 – 1.50

Density g/cm3 1.00 1.00 1.00

Purity % ≥ 99.8 ≥ 99.0 ≥ 98.0

Ash content % ≤ 0.2 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 2.0

Leachable chloride ppm ≤ 20 ≤ 40 ≤ 50

Sulfur ppm ≤ 600 ≤ 800 ≤ 1100

Total halogens ppm < 450 - -

Compressibility % 40 – 50 40 – 50 40 – 50

Recovery % 10 – 15 10 – 15 10 – 15

Tensile strength MPa > 4 > 4 > 4

Leakage rate (DIN 3535) - Foil thickness < 0.63 mm - Foil thickness 0.63 - 1.00 mm - Foil thickness > 1.00 mm

ml/min < 0.25 < 0.40 < 0.55

< 0.25 < 0.40 < 0.55

< 0.40 < 0.70 < 1.00

Thermal conductivity - along length and width - through thickness

W/mK W/mK

180 - 200

4 - 6

180 - 200

4 - 6

180 - 200

4 - 6

Thermal expansion - parallel to layers - through thickness

m/m°C m/m°C

ca. 1

. 10

-6

ca. 30 . 10

-6

Specific heat J/kg°K 710

Klinger Graphite laminate is usually produced with graphite density 1.00 g/cm

3. Other densities have to

be ordered specifically. Exception: PDM with 2 tanged inserts and graphite density 1.3 g/cm

3.

Graphite qualities: A high purity B standard C economy

- 6 -

3. Product overview

Name Type Insert Insert Basic material Thickness

ESM laminate expanded 1.4404 / passo 4 0.50 mm

G homogeneous - PET overlay 0.01 mm

H / HL homogeneous - - -

PCM laminate tang DIN 1624 0.20 mm

PDM laminate tang 1.4401/1.4404 graphite compressed 0.10 mm

PHM laminate tang alloy C276 0.10 mm

PIM laminate tang alloy 625 0.10 mm

PMM laminate tang monel 400 0.10 mm

PSE laminate tang 1.4401/1.4404 0.10 mm

PSM * laminate tang 1.4401/1.4404 0.10 mm

SAB laminate plain aluminum one-side self-adhesive 0.03 mm

SLA laminate plain aluminum 0.10 mm

SLG laminate glas fibre glas fibre 0.20 mm

SLN laminate plain nickel 0.01 mm

SLS laminate plain 1.4401/1.4404 0.05 mm

SLW laminate wire mesh 1.4301 0.18 mm

SMB laminate foil PET overlay self-adhesive 0.01 mm

SML laminate foil PET 0.01 mm

TSM ** laminate tang 1.4401/1.4404 0.10 mm

X *** homogeneous - - -

XSM *** laminate tang 1.4401/1.4404 0.10 mm

* insert 0.05 mm available on request ** TA-Luft laminate *** continuous service temperatur up to 550 °C All graphite laminates (no rolls) can be printed with Klinger logo or tailor made logo.

- 7 -

4. Sale shapes 4.1 Rolls

Name Graphite quality

Size

Thickness (mm)

Width (mm)

Length (m)

Density (g/cm3)

H A B C 0.20 – 1.00 1000 30 - 100 0.70 / 1.00

SAB B C 0.25 – 1.00 1000 30 – 100 1.00

SLA B C 0.60 – 1.00 1000 30 – 100 1.00

SLN A B C 0.60 – 1.00 500 / 1000 30 – 100 1.00

SLS A B C 0.45 – 1.00 1000 30 – 100 1.00

SMB B C 0.20 – 1.00 1000 30 – 100 1.00

SML B C 0.75 – 1.00 1000 30 – 100 1.00

X B 0.50 – 1.00 1000 30 – 100 1.00

The diameter of the core cartridge for graphite foils can be either 105 mm or 150 mm.

4.2 Sheets


Size

Thickness (mm)

(mm) (mm) (mm)

ESM B C 1.00 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 -

G B 1.00 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 -

H / HL * A B C 0.50 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1500 x 1500

PCM B C 1.00 – 2.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 -

PDM B C 1.00 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1500 x 1500

PHM A B C 1.00 – 3.00 - 1000 x 610 -

PIM A B C 1.00 – 3.00 1000 x 910 1000 x 610 -

PMM A B C 1.00 – 3.00 - 1000 x 610 -

PSE C 1.00 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1500 x 1500

PSM * A B C 0.60 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1500 x 1500

SAB B C 0.25 – 1.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 -

SLA B C 0.60 – 2.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 -

SLG B C 0.60 – 2.00 - 1000 x 1000 -

SLN A B C 0.60 – 3.00 1000 x 1000 1000 x 500 -

SLS ** A B C 0.50 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1500 x 1500

SLW B C 1.00 – 3.00 1500 x 1000 - -

- 8 -


Size

Thickness (mm)

(mm) (mm) (mm)

SMB B C 0.20 – 1.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 -

SML B C 0.75 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 -

TSM *** B 1.00 – 3.00 - 1000 x 1000 -

X B 0.50 – 1.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 -

XSM B 1.00 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 -

Other qualities, thicknesses and sizes on request * sheet size 1500 x 1500 mm only for graphite quality B and C ** sheet size 1500 x 1500 mm only for graphite quality C *** impregnated foil (TA-Luft laminate) The graphite surface can be given a non-stick coating at the customer’s request for an additional charge (exception: Type G).

5. Operating conditions

pi

100

90

T pi Seating

80 stress

(°C) (bar) (MPa)

70 H / HL < 450 < 20 20 - 40

SLS < 450 20 - 80 25 - 60

60 PSM < 450 20 - 100 25 - 100

50

40

30

20

10

MPa

Rule of thumb for thickness 2.00 mm

20 40 60 80 100

- 9 -

6. Applications

Industry Components H /

HL

SL

S

PS

M

PD

M

PS

M 2

00-3

TS

M

XS

M

TA-Luft

Exhaust systems

Cylinger head gaskets

Standard flanges

Tongue-and-groove flanges

Vessel / equipment flanges

Gaskets up to Ø 1500 mm

Glas/plastics/enamel surface

Highly corrosive media

High gasket pressure

Mechanical shear movement

Gas technology

Fittings

Vessels / equipment

Pipework

Inspection glasses

Waste gas purification

Engine building

Food industry

Water supply

recommended

suitable

Automotive

industry

Chemical

industry

Power station

technology

- 10 -

7. Parameters in accordance with DIN EN 13555 Gasket parameter Qmin(L) The gasket parameter Qmin(L) is defined in DIN EN 13555 as the minimum required surface contact pressure on the gasket when being installed at room temperature so that by adjusting the gasket to the roughness of the flange gasket surfaces and sealing the internal leakage paths, the required tightness class L for the specified internal pressure is achieved. Gasket parameter QSmin(L) The gasket parameter QSmin(L) is defined in DIN EN 13555 as the minimum required surface contact pressure under operating conditions, this means following pressure relief in operation at the operating temperature so that the required tightness class L for the specified internal pressure is maintained. . Gasket parameter QSmax In DIN EN 13555, the gasket parameter QSmax is defined as the maximum surface contact pressure with which the gasket can be loaded at the specified temperature without the gasket collapsing or failure occurring as a result of compressive strain. Gasket parameter PQR This characteristic is defined as a factor for taking into consideration the relaxation influence (settling properties, thickness reduction) on the gasket load after the screws are tightened and the long-term effect of the operating temperatures. Secant modulus EG Secant modulus of the gasket (pressure relief) in [MPa].

- 11 -

Gasket parameters according to DIN EN 13555

Product Qmin (MPa) pi = 40bar

RT, He

QSmin (MPa) pi = 40 bar, RT, He

QA (MPa)

Temp

(°C)

QSmax

* (MPa)

PQR

* Q = 50 MPa

20 40 60 80

H1000B

L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT >200 0.99

L0.1 17 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 - - -

L0.01 50 - - 40 13 300 >200 0.95

H1500B HL150B

L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 140 0.99

L0.1 24 - < 10 < 10 < 10 - - -

L0.01 76 - - - 71 300 120 0.95

H2000B HL200B

L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 110 0.99

L0.1 27 - 11 < 10 < 10 - - -

L0.01 74 - - - 68 300 100 0.95

SLS100B

L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT >200 0.99

L0.1 17 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 - - -

L0.01 50 - - 39 15 300 >200 0.94

SLS150B

L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 140 0.99

L0.1 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 - - -

L0.01 36 - 27 < 10 < 10 300 180 0.95

SLS200B

L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 140 0.99

L0.1 22 - < 10 < 10 < 10 - - -

L0.01 70 - - - 62 300 120 0.94

ESM150B

L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT >200 0.99

L0.1 17 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 - - -

L0.01 37 - 30 14 11 300 >200 0.95

ESM200B

L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT >200 0.99

L0.1 18 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 - - -

L0.01 37 - 30 11 < 10 300 200 0.95

ESM300B

L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 100 0.98

L0.1 25 - < 10 < 10 < 10 - - -

L0.01 52 - - 37 12 300 60 0.89

PSM100B

L1.0 11 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT >240 0.99

L0.1 28 - < 10 < 10 < 10 - - -

L0.01 66 - - - 41 300 >240 0.97

PSM150B

L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT >240 0.99

L0.1 18 12 < 10 < 10 < 10 - - -

L0.01 53 - - 38 13 300 >240 0.94

PSM200B

L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT >240 0.99

L0.1 16 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 - - -

L0.01 43 - - 12 < 10 300 180 0.94

PSM300B

L1.0 20 - < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 140 0.99

L0.1 68 - - - 46 - - -

L0.01 - - - - - 300 100 0.98

- 12 -

Product Qmin (MPa) pi = 40bar

RT, He

QSmin (MPa) pi = 40 bar, RT, He

QA (MPa)

Temp

(°C)

QSmax

* (MPa)

PQR

* Q = 50 MPa

20 40 60 80

PSM 200B-3

L1.0 15 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT >240 0.99

L0.1 39 - 36 < 10 < 10 - - -

L0.01 - - - - - 300 >240 0.94

PDM150B

L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT >240 0.99

L0.1 33 - 16 < 10 < 10 - - -

L0.01 72 - - - 57 300 >240 0.96

PDM200B

L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 220 0.99

L0.1 21 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 - - -

L0.01 56 - - 48 17 300 180 0.92

TSM150B

L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 100 0.98

L0.1 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 - - -

L0.01 12 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 300 120 0.94

TSM200B

L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 80 0.99

L0.1 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 - - -

L0.01 15 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 300 80 0.92

*stiffness 500 kN/mm

Product Temp

(°C)

Secant modulus of the gasket (pressure relief) EG (MPa) Q (MPa)

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

H1000B

RT 494 1225 2255 3048 3675 4853 5096

- - - - - - - -

300 799 1351 1918 3259 3937 4627 4844

H1500B HL150B

RT 409 1006 1794 2617 3496 4432 5886

- - - - - - - -

300 518 925 1607 2278 3048 3934 -

H2000B HL200B

RT 387 932 1698 2414 3332 - -

- - - - - - - -

300 494 924 1615 2339 3201 - -

SLS100B

RT 440 1115 1904 2656 3228 4243 -

- - - - - - - -

300 649 971 1934 2794 3460 4180 -

SLS150B

RT 422 1021 1826 2477 3199 3666 4704

- - - - - - - -

300 512 980 1618 2442 3342 3955 4528

SLS200B

RT 459 1134 2019 3015 3790 5310 -

- - - - - - - -

300 560 1137 1922 2983 3443 4927 -

ESM150B

RT 856 2222 3459 4570 5300 6257 -

- - - - - - - -

300 820 2148 3218 3920 4642 - -

- 13 -

Product Temp

(°C)

Sekant modulus of the gasket (pressure relief) EG (MPa) Q (MPa)

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

ESM200B

RT 617 1559 2357 3484 4250 5180 -

- - - - - - - -

300 588 1218 2068 2917 3545 4288 -

ESM300B

RT 440 1115 1904 2656 3228 4243 -

- - - - - - - -

300 596 1034 1726 3463 - - -

PSM100B

RT 500 1378 1912 2571 4202 4397 4749

- - - - - - - -

300 694 1105 1870 2533 2706 3780 5053

PSM150B

RT 509 1217 1944 2590 3340 4911 4456

- - - - - - - -

300 656 1142 2076 2769 3200 3681 4409

PSM200B

RT 497 1166 2038 2664 3415 4042 5091

- - - - - - - -

300 588 1077 1690 2621 2847 4055 4940

PSM300B

RT 496 1156 2023 2823 3921 4461 5454

- - - - - - - -

300 589 1138 1947 2752 3620 - -

PSM 200B-3

RT 608 1480 2527 3126 4240 4970 5750

- - - - - - - -

300 731 1332 2033 2939 3708 4790 5610

PDM150B

RT 611 1136 2050 3211 3478 4405 5212

- - - - - - - -

RT 680 1161 1781 2352 3102 4174 4793

PDM200B

RT 531 1113 1923 2687 3325 4100 4808

- - - - - - - -

300 608 1066 1746 2422 3356 3983 4679

TSM150B

RT 478 1202 2254 3028 4494 - -

- - - - - - - -

300 437 843 1393 2094 3098 4006 -

TSM200B

RT 424 1067 1979 2787 - - -

- - - - - - - -

300 445 905 1585 2395 - - -

- 14 -

8. Material specifications 8.1 Definitions

σVU/0.1 Minimum surface contact pressure for achieving leakage class L0.1 (in accordance with DIN 28090-1)

σBU Minimum surface contact pressure during operation, whereby σBU is the product of operating pressure p and the sealing factor m for the test and operating state (σBU = p . m)

σVO Maximum permissible surface contact pressure at RT σBO, 300°C Maximum permissible surface contact pressure during operation m σBU / pi

m factor Similar to m, however defined according to ASTM and therefore a different numerical value

y factor Minimum surface contact pressure in MPa k0 in mm, parameter of the effective width of a gasket k1 in mm, empirical parameter of a fictive gasket width KD in N/mm2, deformation resistance of the gasket material

εKSW Compression and compressibility under a surface contact pressure of 35 N/mm2

εKRW Springback following a pressure relief of 35 N/mm2 on 1 N/mm2

εWSW Creep of the gasket under a surface contact pressure of 50 N/mm2 at 300°C after 16h εWRW Springback following a pressure relief of 50 N/mm2 on 1N/mm2

The percentage thickness changes of εKSW, εKRW, εWSW and εWRW relate to the starting thickness of the gasket. The formulae for calculating the gasket parameters in accordance with AD data sheet B7 are: k0

. KD = σVU

. bD

k1 = m . bD

- 15 -

8.2 Homogenous graphite foil Graphite foil, manufactured from natural graphite, is a homogenous material with no added bonding agents. It has a long usage time in comparison to other gasket materials and does not exhibit any noteworthy change in properties. In order to increase the flexible graphite's resistance to oxidation and corrosion, inhibitors can be used. Furthermore, graphite foils can be given a non-stick surface in order to prevent the gasket material from sticking to the flanged joint.

Graphite quality A B C X

Standard bulk density g/cm3

0.70 – 1.00

Ash content (DIN 51903) % ≤ 0.20 ≤ 1.00 ≤ 2.00 ≤ 1.00

Leachable chloride ppm ≤ 20 ≤ 40 ≤ 50 ≤ 25

Thermal conductivity at 20°C along length and width through thickness

W / K

.m

W / K.m

180 – 200

4 – 6

Electrical resistance at 20°C along length and width through thickness

Ωµm Ωµm

6 – 8

650 - 700

Thermal expansion parallel to layers through thickness

10

-6 / K

10-6

/ K

ca. 1 ca. 30

Coefficient of permeability (air) through thickness

cm

2 / s

< 2

. 10

-5

Tensile strength Elongation at break

MPa %

≥ 4 ≥ 1

Maximum acceptable compression stress Sample: 20x20mm x thickness 0.35 mm 0.50 mm 1.00 mm

MPa MPa MPa

220 200 140

Residual stress (DIN 52913) σD 16h, 300°C, 50MPa

MPa

≥ 45

- 16 -

8.3 Homogeneous graphite / graphite laminate

Product H1000 HL150 HL200 HL300

Thickness mm 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00

Residual stress σD 16h, 300°C, 50MPa (DIN 52913)

N / mm2 ≥ 45

Gasket characteristics σVU/0.1 N / mm2

20 25 25 25

(DIN28090-1) σVO N / mm2 150 90 85 72

σBU/0.1 N / mm2 20 25 25 25

σBO 300°C N / mm2 130 85 70 61

Compression factors (DIN 28090-2) Compressibility at 20°C εKSW Recovery at 20°C εKRW Hot creep during operation εWSW Recovery at 300°C εWRW

% % % %

35 – 45

4 – 6 < 4

3 – 5

ASTM „m“-factor „y“-factor

MPa

2 6

Compressibility ASTM F36 Recovery ASTM F36

% %

40 – 50 15 – 20

8.4 Graphite laminate with plain stainless steel insert, glued

Product SLS100 SLS150 SLS200 SLS300

Thickness mm 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00

Reinforcing data material number thickness number

mm

plain stainless steel 1.4401 / 1.4404

0.05

1 1 1 1


N / mm2 ≥ 45


20 20 25 35

(DIN28090-1) σVO N / mm2 195 140 125 80

σBU/0.1 N / mm2 20 20 25 35

σBO 300°C N / mm2 110 85 75 50


% % % %

35 – 45

4 – 6 < 4

3 - 5


MPa

2 6


40 – 50 15 – 20

- 17 -

8.5 Graphite laminate with perforated stainless steel insert

Product PSM100 PSM150 PSM200 PSM300

Dicke mm 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00


mm

perforated stainless steel 1.4401 / 1.4404

0.10

1 1 1 1


N / mm2 ≥ 45


30 25 25 30

(DIN28090-1) σVO N / mm2 210 180 140 95

σBU/0.1 N / mm2 30 25 25 30

σBO 300°C N / mm2 190 140 110 80


% % % %

30 – 40

4 – 6 < 4

3 – 5


MPa

2 6


% %

40 – 50 15 – 20

8.6 Graphite laminate with perforated stainless steel insert, graphite compressed

Product PDM100 PDM150 PDM200 PDM300

Thickness mm 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00

Graphite density g / cm3 1.30


mm

perforated stainless steel 1.4401 / 1.4404

0.10

2 2 2 2


N / mm2 ≥ 45


35 35 30 30

(DIN28090-1) σVO N / mm2 255 170 140 105

σBU/0.1 N / mm2 35 35 30 30

σBO 300°C N / mm2 205 150 120 95


% % % %

15 – 30

4 – 6 < 4

4 – 6


MPa

3 25


% %

20 – 30 18 – 28

- 18 -

9. Chemical resistance

Resistance A = resistant B = reservedly resistant C = not resistant

Compatibility of media with Graphite Graphite laminate with ...... insert

Alumi- Hastel- Inconel Monel Nickel Steel Titanium AISI

num loy

C276 625 400 200 1.0330 Grade

2 316

316L

Acetaldehyde A - - - - - - - A

Acetic acid A A A B B A B A A

Acetic acid amide A - - - - - - - -

Acetic acid amylester A - - - - - - - A

Acetic acid anhydride A A A B B A B A A

Acetic acid butylester A - - - - - - - A

Acetone A A A A A A A A A

Acetylene A - - - - - - - A

Acrylic acid, water free A - - - - - - - A

Acrylic acid esters A - - - - - - - -

Acrylonitril A - - - - - - - A

Adipic acid A - - - - - - - A

Air (< 400 °C) A - - - - - - - A

Alum A - - - - - - - B

Aluminum A - - - - - - - -

Aluminum acetate A - - - - - - - A

Aluminum chlorate A - - - - - - - A

Aluminum chloride A U - - - - - A U

Aluminum fluoride A B A - B B B A U

Aluminum sulfate A B A B B B U A B

Amino acids A - - - - - - - -

Ammonia (anhydrous) A A A A B B B A A

Ammonia (gaseous) A - - - - - - - A

Ammonium bifluoride A - - - - - - - A

Ammonium bisulfate A - - - - - - - -

Ammonium carbonate A - - - - - - - A

Ammonium chloride A U A A B B B A B

Ammonium diphosphate A A A A A A A A A

Ammonium fluoride A - - - - - - - A

Ammonium hydroxide A B A A U U A A A

Ammonium nitrate B A A B U U A A B

Ammonium persulfate A - - - - - - - -

Ammonium phosphate A A A B B B U A A

Ammonium sulfate A U A B B B A A A

Ammonium thiocyanate A - - - - - - - -

Amyl acetate A A A A A A B A A

Amyl alcohol A - - - - - - - A

- 19 -




num loy

C276 625 400 200 1.0330 Grade

2 316

316L

Aniline (aminobenzene) A B A B B B A A A

Aniline hydrochloride A - - - - - - - -

Anone (cyclohexanone) A - - - - - - - A

Aqua regia U - - - - - - - U

Aqueous salt solutions

- borates A - - - - - - - -

- bromides A - - - - - - - -

- carbonates A - - - - - - - -

- chlorides A - - - - - - - -

- chromates (< 20 %) A - - - - - - - -

- fluorides A - - - - - - - -

- iodides A - - - - - - - -

- nitrates A - - - - - - - -

- nitrites A - - - - - - - -

- phosphates A - - - - - - - -

- sulfates A - - - - - - - -

Arsenic acid A - - - - - - - -

Arsenic trichloride A - - - - - - - -

Aureomycin A - - - - - - - -

Barium chloride A B A A - B B A A

Barium salt, aqueous A B A A - B B A A

Beer A A A A A A A A A

Benzaldehyde A - - - - - - - -

Benzene (benzole) A A A B A B A A A

Benzene (gasoline) A A A A A A A A A

Benzoic acid A - - - - - - - A

Benzyl chloride A - - - - - - - A

Benzyl sulfonic acid A - - - - - - - -

Black liquor (sulfates) A - - - - - - - -

Black liquor (sulfides) A - - - - - - - -

Bleach liquor, dry A - - - - - - - B

Borax (sodium borate, aq.) A A A A A - A - A

Boric acid A A A B B B U A A

Bromic acid B - - - - - - - -

Bromine, liquor U U U U U U U U U

Bromine trifluoride U - - - - - - - U

Butadiene A A A A A A A A A

- 20 -




num loy

C276 625 400 200 1.0330 Grade

2 316

316L

Butane A A A A A A A A A

Butanone A A A A A A A A A

Butyl acetate A A A A A A A A A

Butyl alcohol (butanol) A A A A A A A A A

Butyl amine A A - - - - - - A

Butyl cellosolve A - - - - - - - -

Butyl phenol A - - - - - - - A

Butyric acid A - A A A A B A A

Calcium carbonate A A A A A A A A A

Calcium chlorate A - - - - - - - -

Calcium chloride A B A A B B B A B

Calcium hydroxide A B A B B B A A A

Calcium hypochloride A B A A A B B A B

Calcium hypochlorite A U A U U B U U A

Calcium oxide A A - - - - A - A

Calcium sulfate A A - - - - - A A

Carbamide (urea) A A - - - - A - A

Carbolic acid (phenol) A A A B B B U A A

Carbon dioxide A - - - - - - - A

Carbon disulfide A - - - - - - - A

Carbon monoxide A - - - - - - - -

Carbon tetrachloride A B A A A A A A A

Carbonic acids A A A B B B U A A

Caustic potash A - - - - - - - A

Caustic soda A - - - - - - - U

Cesium melt A - - - - - - - -

Chloral hydrate A - - - - - - - -

Chlorine (dry) A A A A A A - A A

Chlorine (wet) U - - - - - - - U

Chlorine bleach liquor A - A A A - - - U

Chlorine dioxide U - - - - - - - U

Chlorine monoxide U - - - - - - - -

Chlorine trifluoride U - - - - - - - U

Chlorine water U - - - - - - - U

Chloroacetic acid A - - - - - - - U

Chlorobenzene A - - - - - - - A

Chlor ethyl benzene A - - - - - - - -

- 21 -




num loy

C276 625 400 200 1.0330 Grade

2 316

316L

Chloroform A - - - - - - - A

Chrome plating station A - - - - - - - -

Chromic acid A B A B U U - A U

Chroming solutions B - - - - - - - B

Chromium trioxide aq. B - - - - - - - -

Chromosulfuric acid (< 20%) B - - - - - - - -

Citric acid A A A B B B U A A

Copper A - - - - - - - -

Copper acetate A - - - - - - - A

Copper chloride A U B U U U B B B

Copper sulfate A U A B B B U A A

Cresol A - - - - - - - A

Creosote (coal tar) A B - B B B A A A

Cresylic acid A - - - - - - - -

Crude oil A A A B B B A A A

Cyclohexane A - - - - - - - A

Cyclohexanol A - - - - - - - A

Cyclohexanone A - - - - - - - A

Decaline A - - - - - - - A

Dibenzylether A - - - - - - - A

Dibutyl phthalate A - - - - - - - A

Dichlormethane A - - - - - - - B

Dichlorpropionic acid A - - - - - - - -

Diethanolamine A - - - - - - - A

Diethyl amine A - - - - - - - A

Diethyl ether A - - - - - - - A

Dimethyl formamide A - - - - - - - A

Dimethyl sulfoxide A - - - - - - - -

Dioxane A - - - - - - - A

Diphenyl ether A - - - - - - - A

Dowtherm (all typs) A - - - - - - - A

Electropolishing solutions A - - - - - - - -

Engine oils A - - - - - - - -

Epichlorohydrin A - - - - - - - -

Ethane A - - - - - - - A

- 22 -




num loy

C276 625 400 200 1.0330 Grade

2 316

316L

Ethanol A - - - - - - - A

Ethanolamine A - - - - - - - A

Ethers A A A B B B A A A

Ethyl acetate A A A A A A A A A

Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) A - - - - - - - A

Ethyl alcohol, chlorinated A - - - - - - - -

Ethyl amine A - - - - - B - A

Ethyl butyl ester A - - - - - - - A

Ethyl chloride A B A B B B A A A

Ethyl mercaptane A - - - - - - - -

Ethyl methyl ketone (MEK) A - - - - - - - A

Ethylene A - - - - - - - A

Ethylenchlorohydrin A - - - - - - - -

Ethylendiamine A - - - - - - - A

Ethylendibromide A - - - - - - - -

Ethylendichloride A - - - - - - - A

Ethylenglycol A - - - - - - - A

Ethylenoxide A - - - - - - - A

Fatty acids A - - - - - - - -

Fatty alcohols A - - - - - - - A

Ferric chloride A U A U U U U U U

Ferric sulfate A B A U U U U A A

Ferrous chloride A - - - - - - - -

Ferrous sulfate A - - - - - - - -

Fluorine (gaseous) B - - - - - - - U

Fluorine (liquid) U - - - - - - - U

Fluorine dioxide U - - - - - - - U

Fluorobenzene A - - - - - - - A

Folic acids A - - - - - - - -

Formaldehyde A B A A A A B A A

Formic acid A U A B B B U A B

Formic acid amide A - - - - - - - A

Freon (11, 12, 14) A - - - - - - - -

Fuel oil A A A B B A A A A

Furfural A A A B A B A A A

- 23 -




num loy

C276 625 400 200 1.0330 Grade

2 316

316L

Glue A A A A A A A A A

Glycerine A A A A A A A A A

Glycols A - - - - - - - A

Gold A - - - - - - - -

Heat transfer oils A - - - - - - - -

Heptane A - - - - - - - A

Hexachloro benzene A - - - - - - - -

Hydraulic oils A - - - - - - - A

Hydrazine A - - - - - - - A

Hydrazine hydrate A - - - - - - - A

Hydrobromic acid A U A U U U U U U

Hydrocarbons A - - - - - - - A

Hydrocarbons, fluorinated A - - - - - - - A

Hydrochloric acid A U A U U U U U U

Hydrocyanic acid A A A B B B B A A

Hydrofluoric acid, 40% A U A A A A U U U

Hydrogen bromide A - - - - - - - -

Hydogen fluoride - - - - - - - - -

Hydrogen peroxide B A A B B B U A A

Hydrogen sulfide (aqueous) A A A B B B U A B

Iodine A - - - - - - - A

Iron U - - - - - - - -

Isooctane A - - - - - - - A

Isopropyl acetate A - - - - - - - A

Isopropyl alcohol A - - - - - - - A

Isopropyl ether A - - - - - - - A

Lactic acid A B A B U U U A B

Lauryl alcohol A - - - - - - - A

Lead acetate A - - - - - - - A

Linseed oil A A A A A A A A A

Lye (caustic) A U A A A A A A A

Magnesium A - - - - - - - -

Magnesium carbonate A B A A A A U A A

Magnesium chloride A B A A A A B A A

Magnesium hydroxide A U A A A A A A A

Magnesium nitrate A A A B B - B A A

- 24 -




num loy

C276 625 400 200 1.0330 Grade

2 316

316L

Magnesium sulfate A A A B B B A A A

Maleic acid A - - - - - - - A

Maleic acid anhydride A - - - - - - - A

Manganese carbonate A A B B B B U A A

Manganese chloride A U B B B B U B A

Manganese sulfate A - - - - - - - -

Mannitol A - - - - - - - A

Mercaptanes A - - - - - - - -

Mercury A U A A B B A A A

Mercury chloride A U A U U U U U U

Methane A - - - - - - - A

Methyl alcohol (methanol) A - - - - - - - A

Methyl chloride A - - - - - - - A

Methyl ethyl ether A - - - - - - - A

Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) A A A A A A A A A

Methyl isobutyl ketone A - - - - - - - A

Methylene chloride A U A U U U B U U

Morpholine A - - - - - - - A

Muriatic acid A U A U U U U U U

Nickel chloride A - - - - - - - -

Nickel plating station A - - - - - - - -

Nickel sulfate A - - - - - - - -

Nitric acid B U B U U U U B U

Nitrous acid B U B U B U U B U

Nitrobenzene A - - - - - - - A

Nitrogen A - - - - - A - A

Nitrous oxide A A A U A U B A B

Nitrosulfuric acid U - - - - - - - -

Octane A A A A A A A A A

Octyl alcohol A B B B B B B B A

Oleic acid A A A A B B B A A

Oxalic acid A B A B B B U A U

Oxygen (< 300 °C) A - - - - - - - A

- 25 -




num loy

C276 625 400 200 1.0330 Grade

2 316

316L

Paint thinner A - - - - - - - -

Palmitic acid A - - - - - - - A

Paradichloro benzene A - - - - - - - -

Paraffin oil A A A A A A A A A

Paraldehyde A - - - - - - - -

Pentachlorphenyl acetic acid A - - - - - - - -

Pentane A - - - - - - - A

Perchlorethylene A - - - - - - - A

Perchloric acid U - - - - - - - U

Petroleum A - - - - - - - A

Petroleum ether A A A A A A A A A

Phenol A A A B B B U A A

Phenyl acetic acid A - - - - - - - A

Phosgene A - - - - - - - A

Phosphoric acid B U A B B B U A B

Phosphorous trichloride A - - - - - - - -

Phthalic acid A - - - - - - - A

Picric acid A A A U U U A A A

Potassium (< 350 °C) A - - - - - - - -

Potassium acetate A - - - - - - - A

Potassium bromide A B A B A B B A A

Potassium carbonate A B A B A B B A A

Potassium chlorate U - - - - - - - U

Potassium chloride A B A B B B A A A

Potassium chromate B - - - - - - - U

Potassium cyanide A U A B B B A A A

Potassium hydrogensulfate A - - - - - - - A

Potassium hydroxide A U A B A A B A A

Potassium hypochloride A - - - - - - - U

Potassium iodide A - - - - - - - A

Potassium nitrate U - - - - - - - U

Potassium permanganate A - - - - - - - -

Potassium silicate A - - - - - - - A

Potassium sulfate A A B B B B A A A

Propane A - - - - - A - A

Propylene A - - - - - - - A

Pyridine A - - - - - - - A

- 26 -




num loy

C276 625 400 200 1.0330 Grade

2 316

316L

Sea water A B A B B B B A A

Sewage water A B - - - - B - A

Silicones A - - - - - - - A

Siloxanes A - - - - - - - -

Silver A - - - - - - - -

Silver nitrate A U B B U U U A A

Soaps A B A A A A A A A

Sodium bicarbonate A B A A A A B A A

Sodium bisulfate A B A B B B U A A

Sodium borate, aqueous A A A A A - A - A

Sodium bromide A B A B B B B A A

Sodium carbonate A B A B B B A A A

Sodium chloride A B A A A A A A A

Sodium hydroxide A U A A A A A A U

Sodium hypochlorite A U A U U U U B U

Sodium nitrate A A A A B B A A A

Sodium peroxide A A A B B B B A A

Sodium phosphate A A A B B B B A A

Sodium silicate A B A B B B A A A

Sodium sulfate A A A B B B A A A

Sodium sulfide A U A B B B A A B

Soja bean oil A A A - B - U A A

Starch solutions, acidified A - - - - - - - -

Stearic acid A A A B B B B A A

Steam (all commercial) A A A A A A A A A

Styrene A - - - - - - - A

Sulfonic acids A - - - - - - - -

Sulfur (molten) A A A A U U A A A

Sulfur chloride A U A B B B B A U

Sulfur dioxide A A A A A A A A A

Sulfur hexafluoride A - - - - - - - Sulfur monochloride A - - - - - - - -

Sulfur trioxide U - - - - - - - U

Sulfuric acid, < 70 % B - - - - - - - U

Sulfuric acid, > 70% U - - - - - - U

Sulfuric acid, fuming U - - - - - - - U

Sulfurous acid A - - - - - - - B

- 27 -




num loy

C276 625 400 200 1.0330 Grade

2 316

316L

Sulfuric acid, > 70% U - - - - - - U

Sulfuric acid, fuming U - - - - - - - U

Sulfurous acid A - - - - - - - B

Tannic acid A B A B B B U A A

Tannin A - - - - - - - A

Tartaric acid A B A B B B U A A

Tetrachloroethane A - - - - - - - A

Tetralin A - - - - - - - A

Thionylchloride B - - - - - - - -

Tin A - - - - - - - -

Tin chloride A U A B B B U A A

Toluene A - - - - - - - A

Transformer oils A - - - - - - - A

Tricalcium phosphate A - - - - - - - A

Trichloro acetic acid A - - - - - - - -

Trichlorethylene A - - - - - - - A

Triethanolamine A - - - - - - - -

Triethylamino ethanol A - - - - - - - A

Trisodium phosphate A - - - - - - - A

Turpentine A - - - - - - - A

Vinegar A B A A A A B A A

Vinyl acetate A - - - - - - - -

Xylene A - - - - - U - A

Zinc A - - - - - - - -

Zinc ammonium chloride A - - - - - - - -

Zinc chloride A U B B B B B A U

Zinc sulfate A B A B B B B A A The technical data stated has been determined with standard material under laboratroy conditions. With the variety of installation and operating conditions no guarantee claim can be inferred regarding the behaviour of a flange joint. The suitability of the product for its purposes has to be determined indepedently by the buyer. We reserve the right to product changes which serve the purpose of technical progress.

Edition: 08.2011 / Rev. 06.2012 Klinger AG Egliswil, Industrie Nord, CH-5704 Egliswil, Phone. +41 62 7693030, Fax +41 62 7693033

www.klinger-ag.ch, E-Mail: [email protected]