granular media filtration for water and wastewater treatment

7/23/2019 Granular Media Filtration for Water and Wastewater treatment

1/52

Lfhtrbtfgc(Zhgw sbcm, [bpfm nrbvfty bcm [gunafcn)

Mr. Beopbtf Z. [ommy

Bssgjfbto Trglossgr, ]abpbr _cfvorsfty

Tbtfbhb (T_C@BK)2=> 442FCMFB


2/52

Nrbcuhbr iomfb lfhtrbtfgc(rbpfm nrbvfty, shgw sbcm bcm rgunafcn

lfhtors)


3/52

Lfhtrbtfgc typos Mopta lfhtrbtfgc bcm surlbjo lfhtrbtfgc

Nrbcuhbr iomfb lfhtors

Zhgw sbcm lfhtors [bpfm (sbcm) nrbvfty lfhtors

gpoc typo

Jhgsom typo (prossuro lfhtors!)

Afna rbto lfhtors

Muoh iomfb (sbcm bcm bctarbjfto) bcm iuhtf-iomfb (sbcm, bctarbjftobcm nbrcot) lfhtors

[gunafcn lfhtors (pro-lfhtors)

Ioikrbco lfhtors

Ifjrg-lfhtors _htrb-lfhtors

Cbcg-lfhtors ([ovorso Gsigsfs)

Agio wbtor trobtioct gptfgcs

Jbcmho lfhtors Kfg-sbcm lfhtor


4/52


5/52

Lfhtrbtfgc_som tg roigvo suspocmom pbrtfjhos, sibhh lhgjs, turkfmfty bcm

ovoc pbtagnocs

[bpfm nrbvfty lfhtor lgr lhgjs bcm suspocmom pbrtfjhos roigvbh

Zhgw sbcm lfhtors lgr tao roigvbh gl turkfmfty bcm pbtagnocs

[gunafcn lfhtor bs pro-lfhtor lgr romujfcn suspocmom sghfms,lhgjs bcm turkfmfty tg bjjoptbkho hovohs bcm ibefcn wbtor lft

spojfbhhy lgr shgw sbcm lfhtrbtfgc \[L (vortfjbh uplhgw) bcm A[L (agrfzgctbh lhgw)

Iojabcfsis gl trobtioct

]rbcspgrt gl sghfms tg tao lfhtor iomfui nrbfc surlbjo ky sotthfcn,

fcortfbh fipbjtfgc/fctorjoptfgc, mfllusfgc, krgwcfbc igtfgc, otj. [otoctfgc gl tao trbcspgrtom sghfms ky strbfcfcn, ohojtrgjaoifjbh

lgrjos, vbcmor ^bbhs lgrjos, paysfjbh bmsgrptfgc, otj.

Kfg-lfhi bcm kfghgnfjbh bjtfgc (kfgmonrbmbtfgc)

Jaoifjbh mostbkfhfzbtfgc (jgbnuhbtfgc) bcm lhgjjuhbtfgc bhsg

jgctrfkutos (Bhui ocabcjos pbtagnoc roigvbh fc ZZL)


6/52

Tbrtfjho [oigvbh Iojabcfsis

Zuspocsfgc

loomors

Nrbzors

Bttbjaioct tg

kfglfhis

Jbpturo ky

prombtgrs

tg iomfui

tg provfgushy

roigvom

pbrtfjhos

ky iomfui

ky

provfgushy

roigvom

pbrtfjhos

Ztrbfcfcn

(lhufm bcm

nrbvftbtfgcbh

lgrjos)

Bttbjaioct

(ohojtrgjaoifjbh

lgrjos)

Taysfjbh-Jaoifjbh

Kfghgnfjbh

Tbrtfjho

[oigvbh

Iojabcfsis


7/52

B kom gl lfhtorfcn iomfui suppgrtom gc b nrbvoh hbyor rostfcngc b pgrgus strujturo bcm ucmor-mrbfc systoi

Lfhtor iomfui0 sbcm (ollojtfvo sfzo & ucflgrifty jgollfjfoct) ^btor rosorvgfr gl mosfrom aofnat (mopta) fs ibfctbfcom gvor tao

lfhtor kom lgr afnaor rbtos gl lfhtrbtfgc

Lfhtrbtfgc rbtos bro fc tao rbcno = tg 2; i/ar.

Fc jhgsom typo, wbtor fs ibfctbfcom ucmor prossuro gvor tao kom Jgctfcuom uso jhgns tao lfhtor kom bcm romujos lfhtrbtfgc rbtos,cojossftbtos ronuhbr kbjewbsafcn (ovory ;= tg >; agurs gcjo)

]ao lfhtrbtfgc ucft abs b jabccoh lgr loomfcn wbtor bcm mrbfcfcngut tao kbjewbsa wbtor

Gvor-aobm kbjewbsa wbtor supphy rosorvgfr wfta cojossbrypfpfcn bcm lfttfcns fs usom fc tao kbjewbsafcn (jgiprossom bfr!)

Gvorlhgw wofr bcm trgunas bro prgvfmom gvor tao lfhtor kom lgrtao kbjewbsa wbtor jghhojtfgc bcm jgcvoybcjo tg tao jabccoh

Cojossbry pfpfcn bcm lfttfcns spojfbhhy vbhvos tg jgctrgh lhgws

kgta murfcn ruc bcm murfcn kbjewbsafcn (mrbfcfcn gut gl fcftfbhlfhtrbtfgc wbtor bs wbstowbtor)

[bpfm Nrbvfty (gpoc typo) Lfhtors


8/52

Zjaoibtfj mfbnrbi gl b rbpfm nrbvfty lfhtor

Aoro B, K, J, M bcm O bro tao lhgw jgctrgh vbhvos usom

Trgvfsfgcs lgr uso glj jgiprossom bfr fc tao kbjewbsafcn

Nrbvoh

Kbjewbsa wbtor

Gvoraobm tbce


9/52Iuhtf-iomfb lfhtor


10/52

Lfhtor iomfbJgiigchy usom iomfb

Zbcm (ZN0 ;.< typfjbh kom mopta 1 tg ;= fcja)typfjbh ollojtfvo sfzo 4.=?

tg 4.?? ii bcm ucflgrifty jgollfjfoct gl 2.


11/52


12/52

Nrbfc sfzo bcm fts mfstrfkutfgc bro fipgrtbct bcm bllojts jhobrwbtor aobm hgss bcm kufht-up aobm hgss murfcn lfhtor ruc

Zfovo bcbhysfs bcm phgttfcn juiuhbtfvo pbssfcn targuna tao nfvocsfovo sfzos gc b hgn-prgkbkfhfty phgt

Zfovo sfzo fs mosjrfkom ky iosa cuikor

24 iosa abs ; ii pgro sfzo

21 iosa abs 2 ii pgro sfzo

:? iosa abs 4.? ii pgro sfzo


13/52

Hgnprgkbkfhfty phgts gl lfhtor iomfui sfzo


14/52

]ao nrbmom nrbvoh hbyor

Zuppgrts tao lfhtor iomfui lrgi kohgw ]ao lfhtor iomfui saguhm cgt pocotrbto fctg ft bcm nrbvoh

saguhm cgt octor tao ucmor-mrbfc systoi

Tbrtfjhos gl b hbyor bkgvo saguhm cgt pocotrbto tao hbyor kohgwft

Zpaorfjbh pbrtfjhos bhhgw pocotrbtfgc gl pbrtfjhos gl 82/:rm taonrbvoh sfzo

Zfzo gl tao pbrtfjhos fc tao bkgvo hbyor jbc ko abhl tao sfzo gl taopbrtfjhos fc tao hbyor kohgw

64 porjoctfho sfzo lfhtor iomfui pbrtfjhos saguhm cgt pocotrbto

tao tgp nrbvoh hbyor Nrbvoh gl tao kgttgi igst nrbvoh hbyor saguhm cgt pocotrbto

tao ucmor mrbfc systoi

Ifcfiui sfzo gl tao nrbvoh saguhm ko twfjo tao porlgrbtfgcs sfzo


15/52

]ao nrbmom nrbvoh hbyor

]afjecoss gl obja gl tao nrbvoh hbyors saguhm ko 3< tfios taohbrnost sfzo pbrtfjho gl tao hbyor

Nrbmom nrbvoh hbyors lgr bc ucmor mrbfc systoi wfta ? iiporlgrbtfgcs bcm lgr b lfhtor iomfui gl 2.4 ii (M64) sfzo

24-;4 ii sfzo nrbvoh gl 32;4 ii tafjecoss

?-24 ii sfzo nrbvoh gl 3


16/52

]ao ucmor-mrbfc systoi

_cmor mrbfc systoi saguhm Zuppgrt tao nrbmom nrbvoh, lfhtor kom bcm wbtor jghuic

Bhhgw lfhtorom wbtor tg pbss targuna, jghhojtom bcm jgcvoyom gut

Bhhgw tao fcjgifcn kbjewbsa wbtor (bcm jgiprossom bfr) tg pbsstarguna bcm mfsporsom lgr tao lfhtor kom kbjewbsafcn

]ao ucmor mrbfc systoi jbc ko B wbtor kgx wfta pgrgus jgcjroto rggl

Jgcjroto shbks wfta shgts suppgrtom gc jgcjroto rfks

B wbtor ibcflghm wfta porlgrbtom hbtorbhs

]ao nrbmom nrbvoh bcm tao ucmor mrbfc systoi iby kottor kojgcsfmorom tgnotaor bs fctonrbh jgipgcocts

Nog-toxtfhos bcm nog-cots jbc bhsg ko usom fc bssoikhfcn tao

ucmor mrbfc systoi


17/52

]ypfjbh lfhtrbtfgc rbtos gl ? tg 2? i/ar. bro bjafovom targunaibfctbfcfcn b wbtor jghuic (wbtor rosorvgfr) gl up tg 2.? iaofnat bkgvo tao lfhtor kom Fc jhgsom typo rbpfm nrbvfty lfhtors, b vfrtubh wbtor jghuic gl tao

mosfrom aofnat fs ibfctbfcom targuna prossurfzfcn tao wbtor

Zfzo gl tao lfhtor iomfui, oxtoct gl jhgnnfcn gl tao lfhtor kom,bcm aofnat gl wbtor jghuic gvor tao lfhtor kom motorifco taolfhtrbtfgc rbtos

Nrbvfty lfhtors bro gporbtom oftaor bt jgcstbct rbto (kut vbrfbkhoaobm) gr bt jgcstbct aobm (kut vbrfbkho rbto)

Aobm hgss/lfhtrbtfgc rbto gr turkfmfty krobe targuna bro usom bstao kbsfs lgr lfhtor kbjewbsa Tfzgiotors bro usom lgr tao igcftgrfcn gl aobm hgss bjrgss tao

lfhtor

^btor rosorvgfr gvor tao lfhtor kom


18/52

Kbjewbsa wbtor gvorlhgw wofrs bcm trgunas bro prgvfmom fctao rosorvgfr zgco bkgvo tao lfhtor kom Hovoh mfllorocjo kotwooc tao gvorlhgw wofr bcm wbtor hovoh fc

tao kbjewbsa wbtor rosorvgfr fs ibxfifzom

Gvorlhgw wofr fs prgvfmom bkgvo tao lhufmfzom lfhtor kom (murfcnkbjewbsafcn) lgr bvgfmfcn lfhtor iomfui wbsagut

]ao Lfhtrbtfgc ucft fs prgvfmom wfta b jabccoh oftaor fc taoifmmho gr tg gco sfmo Kbjewbsa wbtor trgunas mrbfc fctg tafs jabccoh

Abs b wbsa wbtor mrbfc, bcm wbtor fchot gl tao lfhtor gpocs fctgtafs jabccoh

]ao jabccoh ocsuros sukiornocjo gl tao lfhtor kom fc wbtor

^btor rosorvgfr gvor tao lfhtor kom


19/52


20/52

Gvoraobm rosorvgfr gl kbjewbsa wbtor Aghms lfhtorom wbtor bcm supphfos lgr tao lfhtor kbjewbsafcn

Bhigst jgcstbct aobm gl wbtor fs ibfctbfcom fc tao rosorvgfr tgocsuro jgcstbct kbjewbsa vohgjftfos fc tao lfhtors

]ao rosorvgfr, bcm tao pfpfcn bcm lfttfcns bro mosfncom tgocsuro tao wbtor supphy lgr bjafovfcn tao mosfrom kbjewbsa

vohgjfty Oxjoss kbjewbsa vohgjftfos jbc wbsagut tao lfhtor iomfui bcmhgwor vohgjftfos jbc rosuht fc fcollfjfoct jhobcfcn gl tao lfhtor

Zfzfcn gl tao gvoraobm rosorvgfr (jbpbjfty bcm wbtor mopta)rohfbkfhfty (bnbfcst puip bcm pgwor lbfhuros) fs nfvoc fipgrtbcjo

Mojfmfcn gc tao rohbtfvo ohovbtfgc gl tao rosorvgfr Lfhtorom wbtor fs puipom bcm ibfctbfcom fc tao gvoraobm

rosorvgfr

Tuipfcn systoi lgr tao rohfbkho puipfcn gl lfhtorom wbtor fctgtao gvoraobm rosorvgfr fs fipgrtbct


21/52

Lfhtor jyjhoLfhtor gporbtfgc

Gcjo lfhtorom wbtor robjaos tao bjjoptbkho qubhfty, stgp wbstfcn bcmjghhojt lfhtorom wbtor

Lfhtor wbtor oftaor bt jgcstbct rbto gr bt jgcstbct aobm

Kbjewbsa tao lfhtor waoc Aobm hgss bjrgss tao lfhtor jrgssos b mosfrom sot vbhuo (;.? i)

Lfhtrbtfgc rbto mrgps kohgw b sot vbhuo

]urkfmfty krobes targuna tao lfhtor

Ztgp lfhtor gporbtfgc

Aobm hgss gr turkfmfty bro usom bs tao kbsfs lgr lfhtor kbjewbsa

Jhgso lfhtor fchot bcm bhhgw lfhtrbtfgc tfhh wbtor hovoh mrgps kohgw taowbsa wbtor gvorlhgw wofr, kut tao sbcm kom roibfcs sukiornom

Lfhtor kbjewbsafcn Jhgso lfhtorom wbtor guthot bcm fctrgmujo jgiprossom bfr lgr bfrsjgurfcn tao komruc tao jgiprossom bfr lgr b spojflfom murbtfgc

Gpoc wbsa wbtor guthot bcm fctrgmujo kbjewbsa wbtor stgp jgiprossom bfr fc`ojtfgc (bfr fc`ojtfgc bcm kbjewbsa wbtor

fctrgmujtfgc, bt suk-lhufmfzfcn wbtor lhgws, jbc gvorhbp)

jgctfcuo kbjewbsa wbtor lhgw tfhh jhobr wbtor gvorlhgws tao wofr


22/52

Lfhtor jyjhoBfr sjgurfcn murfcn kbjewbsafcn

Bfr sjgurfcn fs vory ollojtfvo waoc wbtor fs fctrgmujom bt suk-lhufmfzbtfgc rbtos bhgcn wfta tao jgiprossom bfr

bfr jrobtos bmmftfgcbh turkuhocjo wftagut sukstbctfbhhy fcjrobsfcn gllfhtor kom oxpbcsfgc

Jgiprossom bfr fs usom fc taroo mflloroct igmos

Lfrst gchy jgiprossom bfr bcm taoc tao kbjewbsa wbtor

Lfrst gchy jgiprossom bfr, taoc kgta bfr bcm kbjewbsa wbtor (bt suk-lhufmfzbtfgc rbto), bcm taoc gchy kbjewbsa wbtor (bt lhufmfzbtfgc rbtos)

Lfrst jgiprossom bfr bcm kbjewbsa wbtor (bt suk-lhufmfzbtfgc rbto) bcmtaoc gchy kbjewbsa wbtor (bt lhufmfzbtfgc rbtos)

Bfr sjgurfcn fs b wbtor jgcsorvbtfgc iobsuro

Lfhtor tg wbsto

Ztgp kbjewbsa wbtor, bhhgw mrbfcfcn gut gl tao wbsawbtor

Jhgso wbsa wbtor mrbfc, gpoc wbtor fchot bcm gpoc lfhtorom wbtorwbstfcn mrbfc

Bhhgw wbstbno gl lfhtorom wbtor tfhh mosfrom wbtor qubhfty fs bjafovom


23/52

]ypfjbh lfhtrbtfgc jyjho


24/52

Lfhtor prgkhois Ium kbhhs0 Mopgsftfgc gl sghfms murfcn kbjewbsafcn fcstobm gl

wbsagut wfta kbjewbsa wbtor

Jbc ko lrgi pggr jgbnuhbtfgc-lhgjjuhbtfgc-sotthfcn Jbc ko muo fiprgpor lfhtor kbjewbsafcn

Zurlbjo jrbjefcn0 jgiprossfkho ibttor brgucm tao iomfbsurlbjo jbusos tao surlbjo jrbjefcn

Iomfb kgfhs0 jbc ko jbusom ky

]gg rbpfm kbjewbsa (afnaor kbjewbsa vohgjftfos!)

Mfsphbjoioct gr ucovoc mfstrfkutfgc gl tao nrbvoh hbyor

Bfr kfcmfcn0

Oxjossfvo aobm hgss murfcn lfhtor ruc hobmfcn tg conbtfvo

prossuros fc tao ucmor mrbfc systoi jbc rosuht fc bfr sujtfgc [uccfcn tao lfhtor mry (lfhtor kom oxpgsom tg bfr)

Fiprgpor kbjewbsafcn (lrgi sagrtor kbjewbsa murbtfgcs,hgwor kbjewbsa vohgjftfos, otj. )

Jbc ko b jbuso lgr iomfb kgfhfcn, hgss gl lfhtor iomfb bcmfcollfjfoct lfhtor jhobcfcn


25/52

Lfhtor aymrbuhfjs0 Murfcn ruc]wg sopbrbto jbtongrfos0 aymrbuhfjs gl lfhtrbtfgc prgjoss bcm

aymrbuhfjs gl lfhtor kbjewbsafcn

Jbrioc-Egzocy oqubtfgc fs usom lgr tao aymrbuhfj bcbhysfsgl lfhtor (Lbfr-Abtja oqubtfgc, [gso oqubtfgc bcm Abzocoqubtfgc jbc bhsg ko usom)

n

\

m

Hla s

;

:

2

>?.22

2?4 [C

l

s[

m\C

a fs aobm hgss targuna lfhtor kom

l fs lrfjtfgc lbjtgr (lf)

fs kom pgrgsfty

H fs mopta gl lfhtor kom

m fs mfbiotor gl tao iomfb pbrtfjho

mnf fs nogiotrfj iobc kotwooc sfovo sfzos

\s fs suporlfjfbh (bpprgbja) lfhtrbtfgc vohgjfty

fs pbrtfjho sabpo lbjtgr

(2 lgr spaorfjbh pbrtfjho4.1; lgr rgucmom sbcm

4.>? lgr bvorbno sbcm

4.>: lgr jrusaom jgbh/bcnuhbr sbcm)

fs mocsfty bcm fs vfsjgsfty gl wbtor

C[ fs [oycghm cuikor

pf fs lrbjtfgc gl sghfms

nf

ff

s

m

pl

n

H\a

;

:

22


26/52

Oqubtfgc lgr cgc-ucflgri kom fs tg ko usom

l vbhuo wfhh ko mflloroct lgr mflloroct mfb. pbrtfjhos

]aoro bro cg bjjoptbkho ibtaoibtfjbh oqubtfgcs lgr bssossfcnaobm hgss jabcnos fc jhgnnom koms

]ao oqubtfgcs bro bpphfjbkho lgr jhobc lfhtor koms

Zghfms bjjuiuhbtfgc mojrobso pgrgsfty & fcjrobso aobm hgssAobm hgss jabcno mopocms gc Cbturo gl tao suspocsfgc,

Jabrbjtorfstfjs gl tao iomfb, bcm Lfhtor gporbtfgc

Fl jgcstbct aobm (mrfvfcn lgrjo) fs bpphfom taoc lfhtrbtfgc rbto wfhhmfifcfsa wfta mojrobsfcn pgrgsfty

Lgr jgcstbct lfhtrbtfgc rbtos aobm bpphfom saguhm ko fcjrobsom tgibtja wfta tao aobm hgss fcjrobso

]orifcbto lfhtor ruc lgr kbjewbsa gc sullfjfoct sghfms bjjuiuhbtfgc

Ztgrbno jbpbjfty gl tao kom fs oxabustom

Mrfvfcn lgrjo bvbfhbkho fs cgt sullfjfoct lgr ocguna lfhtrbtfgc rbtos

Lfhtor aymrbuhfjs0 murfcn ruc


27/52

Mfrojtfgc gl lhgw fs rovorsom (upwbrms targuna tao iomfb)

Iomfb kom fs oxpbcmom (jgctbjt bigcn tao nrbfcs fskrgeoc) bcm nrbfc surlbjos bro oxpgsom lgr jhobcfcn ky

aymrgmycbifj saobr lgrjos

rukkfcn bjtfgc bigcn tao nrbfcs

Oxpbcsfgc gjjurs waoc lgrjo bpphfom ky lhgwfcn wbtor fs

nrobtor tabc tao kugybct wofnat gl tao nrbfcsAobm roqufrom lgr oxpbcsfgc 9 wofnat gl tao pbjeom kom

Mopta gl oxpbcmom kom Nrobtor tabc tao pbjeom kom mopta

Bssuifcn wofnat gl pbjeom kom 9 wofnat gl lhufmfzom kom

w

wilk Ha

2

lk

lk HH

2

2 Hlk fs mopta gl tao lhufmfzom kom

Fs pgrgsfty bcm lk fs pgrgsfty gl

lhufmfzom kom

alk fs aobm hgss coom tg fcftfbtokom oxpbcsfgc

i fs mocsfty gl tao iomfui

w fs mocsfty gl wbtor

Lfhtor aymrbuhfjs0 murfcn kbjewbsa


28/52

Tgrgsfty gl tao oxpbcmom fs b lucjtfgc gl torifcbh sotthfcnvohgjfty gl tao pbrtfjhos bcm tao kbjewbsa vohgjfty bcm

nfvoc bs

]afs rohbtfgc gc fcjgrpgrbtfgc fctg tao oxprossfgc lgr

oxpbcmom kom mopta

Lgr b strbtflfom cgc-ucflgri kom tao oxprossfgc wfhh kojgio

;;.4

t

Klk

\

\

;;.4

2

2

t

K

lk

\

\HH

\K fs kbje wbsa vohgjfty

\t fs torifcbh sotthfcn vohgjfty gl pbrtfjhos

Gptfiui pgrgsfty lgr kbjewbsafcn fs 4.


29/52

Lhgw [onfio

Molfcom gc tao kbsfs gl [oycghms cuikor ([o)

Lgur lhgw ronfios

Mbrjy lhgw ([o82)ocjguctorom fc shgw sbcm lfhtors!

Lgrjaaofior lhgw ([o 2-244)ocjguctorom fc rbpfm sbcm

lfhtors! ]rbcsftfgc lhgw ([o 244-144)cgt ocjguctorom fc lfhtrbtfgc

Luhhy turkuhoct lhgw ([o 3144)cgt ocjguctorom fclfhtrbtfgc

w

lw

o

M\[

w fs lhufm mocsfty

w fs lhufm mycbifj vfsjgsfty

M fs mfb. gl iomfb nrbfc

\lfs suporlojfbh vohgjfty (lfhtrbtfgc rbto)


30/52

Lhgw [onfio

Mbrjy lhgw

Gjjurs (waoc [o fs 82) fc shgw sbcm lfhtors bcm bhsg fc rbpfmsbcm lfhtors (waoc tao lfhtrbtfgc rbtos bro hgwor)

Lhgw fs ngvorcom ky Mbrjys hbw

Lgrjaaofior lhgw

Gjjurs fc rbpfm sbcm lfhtors waoc lfhtrbtfgc rbtos bro afna bcmmurfcn kbjewbsafcn (:3[o8;?)

Hbifcbr lhgw (fclhuocjom ky kgta vfsjgus & fcortfbh lgrjos)

Aobm hgss fs nfvoc ky

H

aE\ H

l

E fs aymrbuhfj jgcmujtfvfty

aH fs aobm hgss bjrgss tao lfhtor

H fs mopta gl tao lfhtor kom (nrbcuhbr iomfb)

;

;2 llH \E\E

H

a


31/52

Zhgw Zbcm Lfhtors


32/52

Zhgw Zbcm Llfhtors (ZZL)Afstgry _so gl ZZL mbtos kbje tg 2>64 fc Hbcjbsafro, Ocnhbcm (usom tg lfhtor

iucfjfpbh wbtor fc Hgcmgc fc 21;6) ZZL wbs sagwc tg roigvo kbjtorfb fc 211?, bcm tg roigvo Nfbrmfbfc 2614s

Bjjgrmfcn tg ^AG, ucmor suftbkho jgcmftfgcs, shgw sbcmlfhtrbtfgc fs tao jaobpost, tao sfiphost bcm tao igst ollfjfoctiotagm gl wbtor trobtioct

_som lgr ]urkfmfty (jghhgfmbh pbrtfjhos) roigvbh, lgr tao romujtfgcgl kbjtorfb, vfrusos, bcm prgtgzgb, bcm bhsg lgr grnbcfj hovohsromujtfgc

_som lgr trobtfcn hgw turkfmfty wbtor (8;4 C]_) ^btor wfta 3;4 C]_ turkfmfty roqufros pro-trobtioct (rgunafcn

lfhtors!) - pro-trobtioct iby bhsg ko coomom lgr KGM romujtfgc ^btor wfta 3;44 C]_ turkfmfty fs cgt bt bhh bhhgwom

Taysfjbh gporbtfgcs, bcm jaoifjbh bcm ifjrgkfghgnfjbh prgjossosiby ko fcvghvom fc tao trobtioct


33/52

ZZL 0 Jgcstftuocts Fcjhumos taroo tbces (rbw wbtor, lfhtor & lfhtorom wbtor tbces)

Lfhtor tbce fcjhumos

Zuporcbtbct wbtor (4.? tg 2.? i mopta) Zbcm (lfhtor) kom

Nrbcuhbr lfhtor iomfui gl 4.2?-4.:? ollojtfvo sfzo bcm ;-:ucflgrifty jgollfjfoct

Iomfui iust ko lroo lrgi grnbcfj ibttor, hgbi bcm jhby

Mopta gl tao kom fs 34.< i (uptg 2.< i)

Zjaiumzmojeo hbyor (b kfghgnfjbh lfhi gr ibt!) Movohgps gc tao tgp gl tao sbcm kom wftafc b low wooes, bcm

mfsturkom ky jhobcfcn, kut romovohgps wftafc b low mbys

Lfhtors gut bcm/gr jgcsuios bcm bksgrks/bmsgrks grnbcfj bcmfcgrnbcfj jgctbifcbcts fcjhumfcn kbjtorfb, vfrusos, otj.

Nrbvoh hbyor0 : nrbmos gl nrbvoh (lfco, ;-1 ii5 iomfui sfzo, 1-2< ii5 bcm kgttgi jgbrso sfzo,


34/52

B. \bhvo lgr rbw wbtor fchot bcm ronuhbtfgc gl lfhtrbtfgc rbto

K. \bhvo lgr mrbfcfcn uclfhtorom wbtor

J. \bhvo lgr kbje-lfhhfcn tao lfhtor kom wfta jhobc wbtor

M. \bhvo lgr mrbfcfcn lfhtor kom bcm guthot jabikor

O. \bhvo lgr mohfvorfcn trobtom wbtor tg wbsto

L. \bhvo lgr mohfvorfcn trobtom wbtor tg tao jhobr-wbtor

rosorvgfr


35/52

ZZL0 Zjaiutzmojeo hbyor B kfg lfhi/ibt (4.? tg ; ji) lgriom gc tao sbcm kom surlbjo

Ibmo up gl bhnbo, kbjtorfb, lucnf bcm gtaor ifjrgkos bcmbjjuiuhbtom pbrtfjuhbtos

Luhh movohgpioct iby tbeo b low wooes tfio (3= wooes) Trgpor wbtor toip. bcm sullfjfoct cutrfocts suppgrt movohgpioct [oqufros ;-> mbys (ovoc ; tg : wooes) lgr tao romovohgpioct bltor

obja jhobcfcn

Lfhtors gut gr jgcsuios bcm bksgrks/bmsgrks grnbcfj bcm fcgrnbcfjjgctbifcbcts bcm jgctrfkutos tg tao romujtfgc gl kbjtorfb, vfrusos

bcm prgtgzgb [opgrtom bs nggm lgr tao roigvbh gl 8; i pbrtfjhos Kbjtorfgvgry wbs ropgrtom bs tao sfncflfjbct kfghgnfjbhhy iomfbtom

pbrtfjho roigvbh iojabcfsi Krobes mgwc grnbcfjs, bjts bs lfco iojabcfjbh lfhtor

]ao sbcm lfhtor (tao tgp ;4 ji, ovoc uptg 4.= tg 4.? i mopta) bhsg

sagws kfghgnfjbh bjtfvfty


36/52

Zh Z m Lfht


37/52

Zhgw Zbcm Lfhtor ]afjecoss gl tao sbcm hbyor0 34.< i (ovory bmmftfgcbh 4.: i

tafje hbyor suppgrts bmmftfgcbh :-= yobrs gporbtfgc) Gxlbi lfhtors0 Nog-toxtfho lbkrfj fs usom gc tao tgp gl tao sbcm

hbyor lgr rotbfcfcn iuja gl tao suspocmom ibttor strbfcom lrgitao hgbmom wbtor

]ao nrbvoh hbyors jbc ko rophbjom ky b syctaotfj lbkrfj Kohgw tao nrbvoh lgr prgtojtfcn tao lfhtor tbce hfcfcn, ?4 ii

tafje sbcm hbyor iby ko usom

Lfhtor iust bhwbys ko eopt sukiornom fc wbtor lgr ibfctbfcfcntao kfghgnfjbh ibt Iust cgt ko ruc mry (uchoss jgiphoto mrbfcfcn gut fs coomom) Guthot saguhm ko shfnathy (?4 ii) bkgvo tao tgp gl tao sbcm

hbyor lgr eoopfcn tao lfhtor wot bcm sukiornom

Trgvfsfgcs saguhm ko ibmo tg mfssfpbto tao ocorny gl tao wbtor hgbmom tg tao lfhtor mrbfc gut tao suporcbtbct wbtor mrbfc gut tao lfhtor komkbjelfhh tao lfhtor wfta lfhtorom wbtor


38/52

Zhgw Zbcm Lfhtor

^btor hgbmom saguhm abvo 8?4 C]_ turkfmfty

uso pro-lfhtor waoc ft fs 3:4 C]_ Lfhtrbtfgc rbto0

?4 tg 244 tfios shgwor tabc tao rbto lgr rbpfm nrbvfty lfhtor

244 tg :44 H/i; agur (fmobh0 4.; i/ar & Ibx. rbto04.: i/ar)

Lfhtorom wbtor abs 84.: C]_ turkfmfty (ngbh fs 84.2 C]_)

Lfhtorom wbtor iby roqufro jahgrfcbtfgc lgr suporfgr wbtor qubhfty Bcborgkfj jgcmftfgcs fc tao lfhtor kom jbc fcluso hbstfcn kbm

tbsto tg wbtor

Gltoc cojossftbtos wbtor pro-trobtioct tg roigvo grnbcfjs

^btor kofcn lfhtorom iust abvo 3: in/H MG

Ztbrt-up gl b shgw sbcm lfhtor iby tbeo qufto hgcn tfio

Movohgpioct gl tao kfghgnfjbh ibt Zjaiutzmojeo tbeos b lowwooes tfio

Fc tao wbtor rosorvgfr bhnbh nrgwta jbc gjjur

jbc bmm gxynoc tg wbtor, kut jbc fctorloro wfta tao gporbtfgc


39/52

Jhobcfcn gl Zhgw Zbcm Lfhtor Fcftfbh aobm hgss lgr b jhobc shgw sbcm lfhtor fs 84.; loot

Aobm hgss 3? loot fs bvgfmom (jbc hobm tg bfr kfcmfcn bcm

ucovoc lhgw gl wbtor targuna tao lfhtor) targuna jhobcfcn Jhgnnom lfhtor (lfhtrbtfgc rbto mrgppom kohgw bjjoptbkho hovohs)

cooms jhobcfcn Jhobcom gcjo fc ovory ;4 tg 64 mbysturkfmfty gl wbtor bcm

lfhtrbtfgc rbto motorifco tao jhobcfcn fctorvbh

Zuporcbtbct lrgi tao sbcm kom fs mrbfcom gut tg kohgw ;4 jimopta gl tao sbcm kom prfgr tg jhobcfcn targuna sjrbpfcn

Bltor sjrbppfcn, rolfhhfcn tao lfhtor wfta wbtor saguhm ko mgcolrgi tao kgttgi lgr bvgfmfcn tao bfr octrbpioct

Fcvghvos ibcubh sjrbpfcn gl ; tg ? ji gl tao tgp sbcm bcm

msfjbrmfcnCow sbcm fs bmmom waoc tao sbcm mopta mrgps tg 8;= fcja (iby

ko gcjo fc 24 yobrs)

Jhobcfcn bllojts tao lfhtor porlgribcjo lgr b low mbys (rfpocfcnporfgm)

Bltor tao rfpocfcn porfgm roturcs tg cgribh porlgribcjo


40/52

Mosfnc pbrbiotors [ojgiiocmom rbcno gl vbhuos

Lfhtrbtfgc rbto

Brob por lfhtor kom

4.2? i:/i;a (4.24.; i:/i;a)

Hoss tabc ;44 i;(fc sibhh jgiiucfty wbtor supphfos tg obsoibcubh lfhtor jhobcfcn)

Cuikor gl lfhtor koms Ifcfiui gl twg koms

Mopta gl lfhtor kom 2 i (ifciui gl 4.> i gl sbcm mopta)

Lfhtor iomfb Ollojtfvo sfzo (OZ) 9 4.2?4.:? ii5ucflgrifty jgollfjfoct (_J) 9 ;-:

Aofnat gl suporcbtbct wbtor 4.>2 i (ibxfiui 2.? i)

_cmormrbfc systoiZtbcmbrm krfjesTrojbst jgcjroto shbksTrojbst jgcjroto khgjes wfta

aghos gc tgpTgrgus jgcjrotoTorlgrbtom pfpos

Nocorbhhy cg coom lgr lurtaor aymrbuhfjjbhjuhbtfgcs.Ibxfiui vohgjfty fc tao ibcflghms bcm fchbtorbhs 9 4.: i/sZpbjfcn kotwooc hbtorbhs 9 2.? iZpbjfcn gl aghos fc hbtorbhs 9 4.2? iZfzo gl aghos fc hbtorbhs 9: ii

Mosfnc pbrbiotors lgr typfjbh shgw sbcm lfhtor


41/52

Kfg-sbcm Lfhtor


42/52

Kfg-sbcm lfhtor0 Ibfctocbcjo

2) [oigvo tao hfm bcm tao

jghbcmor/mfllusor kbsfc.;) Hgwor tao wbtor hovoh fcsfmo

tao lfhtor ky usfcn b sibhh juptg sjggp gut tao wbtor tabt abscgt mrbfcom targuna tao guthot

pfpo.:) Ibeo b sibhh agho fc tao sbcm

wfta tao jup. Zjggp gut taowbtor tabt bjjuiuhbtos fc ftuctfh gchy wot sbcm roibfcs.

=) [oigvo : tg ?ji gl tao lfcosbcm hbyor bcm sot ft bsfmo.(Bltor wbsafcn bcm mryfcn fctao suc, tafs sbcm iby korousom coxt tfio ibfctocbcjofs porlgriom.)

?) Bmm jhobc, lfco sbcm lrgi

provfgus ibfctocbcjo. Hovohtao surlbjo gl tao sbcm.

) Zhgwhy bmm wbtor tg tao lfhtor

uctfh wbtor konfcs tg lhgwtarguna tao guthot pfpo bnbfcbcm wbtor fs ? ji bkgvo lfcosbcm hbyor.

1) Bnbfc roigvo tao hfm bcm

jghbcmor/mfllusor kbsfc6) Hovoh tao surlbjo gl tao sbcm

bnbfc

24) [ofcstbhh tao jghbcmor/mfllusorkbsfc


43/52

[gunafcn Lfhtors ([L)(A[L bcm \[L)


44/52

[gunafcn Lfhtors B pro-trobtioct ucft usom tg roigvo/sopbrbto lfco sghfms tabt

jguhm cgt ko roigvom ky somfioctbtfgc

Iby projomo lfcbh trobtioct prgjossos hfeo ZZL bcm jahgrfcbtfgc

[oqufrom tg romujo turkfmfty gl wbtor tg 8;4 tg ?4 C]_ prfgr tglfhtrbtfgc fc shgw sbcm lfhtors

[oigvbh gl suspocmom sghfms roqufro hbifcbr lhgw jgcmftfgcswftafc tao lfhtor kom ([oycghms Cuikor0 82.4)

Bhsg ko usom tg roigvo jaoifjbh lhgjs prfgr tg kfgh. trobtioctbcm kfghgnfjbh lhgjs prfgr tg jahgrfcbtfgc

[gunafcn lfhtors jbc bhsg suppgrt bmsgrptfgc, bksgrptfgc bcmjaoifjbh bcm kfghgnfjbh prgjossos

\bcmor wbbhs lgrjos bcm ohojtrgstbtfj lgrjos bttrbjt tao pbrtfjhosbcm aghm gc tao iomfui surlbjo

Kfghgnfjbh wbtor qubhfty, mfssghvom grnbcfj ibttor, jghgur otj.,pbrbiotors jbc not bm`ustom

Jbc abcmho vory hgw grnbcfj hgbmsafnaor hgbms jbc jhgn taolfhtor bcm romujo tao aymrbuhfj jhobcfcn jbpbjfty


45/52

[gunafcn Lfhtors Krgeoc kurct krfjes, jabrjgbh, jgjgcut lfkor, qubrtz sbcm, nrbvoh,

jabrjgbh, ibfzo jgks gr bcy gtaor jhobc fcsghukho bcm iojabcfjbhhyrosfstbct ibtorfbh jbc ko usom bs lfhtor iomfui

Lfhtor iomfb pbrtfjho sfzo vbrfos lrgi 3;4 ii tg 8; ii

_so gl iuhtf-nrbmo lfhtor iomfb, wfta sfzo mojrobsfcn fc tao lhgwmfrojtfgc, jbc prgigto pbrtfjho pocotrbtfgc targuna tao lfhtor kom

Lfhtor fcjgrpgrbtos b sfipho sohl jhobcfcn (kbjewbsafcn) iojabcfsi

Bc ucmor mrbfcbno systoi ocbkhos tao lfhtor lhusafcn bcm jhobcfcn

Lhgw mfrojtfgc fs rovorsom targuna gpocfcn tao mgwcwbsa mrbfcs bcmafnaor rbtos gl lhgws jhobc tao lfhtor

_cpbjefcn tao lfhtor iomfb bcm jhobcfcn iby gltoc ko roqufrom

Torlgribcjo igcftgrfcn fs mgco usfcn tao pbrbiotors0 ]ZZ,turkfmfty, jghgur, jghflgri jguct, frgc bcm ibcnbcoso, bcm bhnbo

Igsthy ruc fc up-lgw gr agrfzgctbh lhgw ronfios (\[L bcm A[Lsystois)

Abvo hbrnor jbpbjftfos tg stgro tao roigvom sghfms (A[Ls abvorohbtfvohy hbrnor stgrbno jbpbjfty tabc \[Ls)

[ af Lfht A[L


46/52

[gunafcn Lfhtors0 A[L Lfhtrbtfgc rbtos lgr A[L iby ko fc tao rbcno gl 4.: tg 2.? i/ar

Zabhhgw strujturo bcm aocjo bcm aocjo cg strujturbh prgkhois

_chfiftom hocnta gl tao lfhtor fs pgssfkho _subh hocnta fs ? tg > i

Lfhtor fs usubhhy bssoikhom fc : jgipbrtiocts (jgbrso, iomfuibcm lfco iomfui lfhtor pabsos

Lfhtor iomfui sfzo rbcnos lrgi 8= ii tg 3;4 ii ^btor fs ibfctbfcom kohgw tg tao surlbjo gl tao lfhtor kom tgsabmo bcm provoct tao bhnbh nrgwta

A[Ls bro hoss susjoptfkho tg sghfms krobetarguna bcm igrosocsftfvo tg aymrbuhfj sagrt-jfrjuftfcn

Jbc abcmho sagrt tfio turkfmfty hgbms gl ?44 tg 2444 C]_ Mrbfcbno lbjfhftfos bro phbjom bt tao kgttgi gl tao lfhtor

porpocmfjuhbr tg tao lhgw mfrojtfgc

Mrbfcbno vohgjftfos gl


47/52

[ af Lfht \[L t


48/52

[gunafcn Lfhtors0 \[L systois Gjjupy rohbtfvohy hossor lhggr spbjo

_subhhy fcjhumos : gr igro lfhtors brrbcnom fc sorfos

\[L fc hbyors (tao : gr igro lfhtors bro strbtflfom) bro bhsg usom

Aofnat gl tao lfhtor kom iby ko 2 tg 2.; i bcm tao lfhtoriomfui sfzo fs 2;-21 ii5 1-2; ii5 bcm =-1 ii

Lfhtor kom fs jgvorom (ky b hbyor gl stgcos (244 ii sfzo!) lgrsabmfcn tao wbtor bcm provoctfcn bhnbh nrgwta

Kgttgi gl tao lfhtor abs mrbfcbno lbjfhftfos (porlgrbtom pfpos,lbhso lfhtor kgttgi, otj.)

Gporbtom oftaor bs mgwc-lhgw gr bs up-lhgw lfhtors (uplhgwlfhtors bro rojgiiocmom - \[L fc hbyors bro gporbtom gchy fcuplhgw igmo)

Lfhtor ibtorfbh fs ibfctbfcom jgiphotohy sukiornom fc wbtor (24ji hbyor gl wbtor fs ibfctbfcom bkgvo tao lfhtor)

Lfhtrbtfgc rbto fs usubhhy g.: tg 2.4 i/ar

Jbc abcmho wbtor wfta turkfmfty ?4-2?4 C]_

Lfhtor rosfstbcjo gr aobm hgss fs 8;4 ji por lfhtor


49/52

Mosfnc gl iuhtfstbno iuhtfnrbmo rgunafcn


50/52

Mosfnc gl iuhtfstbno iuhtfnrbmo rgunafcn

lfhtor Iuhtfstbno (: gr igro stbnos), iuhtfnrbmo lfhtor (\[L fc hbyors)

Mfvfsfkho fctg tao lfhtor kom prgpor bcm tao nrbvoh suppgrt hbyors

Nrbvoh suppgrt hbyors sbtfsly tao jgcmftfgc gl tafjecoss 3< tfios taosfzo gl tao hbrnost iomfui pbrtfjho fc tao hbyor

]afjecoss gl tao lfhtor kom hbyor jbc ko iuja afnaor

Fchot jgcvoys wbtor fctg tao ucmor mrbfc systoi bcm ucflgrihymfstrfkutos wbtor lgr tao uplhgw lfhtrbtfgc

Bfr kukkho octry fctg tao ucmor-mrbfc systoi fs bvgfmom [osorvgfr lgr aghmfcn ocguna wbtor lgr tao kbjewbsafcn

Lfhtorom wbtor fs mrbfcom gut wafho eoopfcn tao lfhtor kom sukiornom

_cmor mrbfc systoi bhhgwfcn kbjewbsafcn (bt tao rbto gl =4-


51/52

]ypfjbh mosfnc gl b Iuhtfstbno Iuhtfnrbmo

\ortfjbh lhgw [gunafcn lfhtor


52/52

granular media filtration for water and wastewater treatment

Documents