grand paysage
DESCRIPTION
This article is a summary of a major current urban research project called ‘the Euro-Mediterranean Urban Voids Ecology’ (EMUVE ), an EU funded research project which is focused on the study and recovering of existing voids produced by current shrinking cities mainly at the Euro-Mediterranean coastline.TRANSCRIPT
Post -industrial Landscape SeminarWSA - Cardiff University - November 2011
Th e ‘Grand Paysage’Transformations between Memory and Invention In Europe
Dr Cristian Suau
Welsh School of ArchitectureCardiff University - Prifysgol Caerdydd
email: [email protected]
www: WSA - http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/suau.php ECOFABRICA - www.ecofab.org
“Management in line with landscape quality objectives also calls for education and training, including training for specialists, elected representatives and the technical staff of local, regional and national authorities, and school and university courses dealing with values attached to the landscape and its protection, management and planning.”
Th e European Landscape Convention, Florence, 2000
Post -industrial Landscape SeminarWSA - Cardiff University - November 2011
Abstract
Barcelona cable car
Th e ‘Grand Paysage’Transformations between Memory and Invention In Europe
“Th e ‘pastoral’, it seems, is outmoded. Th e gardens of history are being replaced by sites of times”. Robert Smithson (1968)
Are there any embryonic landscapes that have been developed from industrial ruins?
Globally the remaking of post-industrial large parks –as complex and dynamic systems- involve fundamental alterations of the land.
Th ey are mainly based on pragmatic principles of rebuilding and transformation. Th erefore, how can the ‘Grand Paysage’ become an instrument of memory whilst open to changes and inventions?
Barcelona port
Th e ‘Grand Paysage’Transformations between Memory and Invention In Europe Th is study refl ects on the design process, forms and meanings of paradigmatic European post-industrial landscapes which represents a new type of landscape characterised by large scale interventions.
Spain and Germany have initiated some of the most signifi cant ex-amples of post-industrial landscape design in Europe a few decades ago, setting examples that have been followed in most major metro-politan areas across Europe.
Th e comparative cases are Barcelona (port and industrial districts) and Zollverein in Essen (UNESCO listed site).
Barcelona Tibidabo
Th e ‘Grand Paysage’Transformations between Memory and Invention In Europe Th ese chosen examples have not adopted the principle of tabula rasa or erasure but are able to evoke the past whilst metamorphosing to-wards the future.
Th e key design strategy has been to ‘protect the destruction’ by re-newing the site while preserving their uniqueness of structures and forms; and enhancing the new ecologies that have established on each site.
Here the applied design strategies were twofold: Remaking each site by revealing the memory and reinventing the context.
Post -industrial Landscape SeminarWSA - Cardiff University - November 2011
Barcelona (port and industrial districts)
Barcelona grid by Ildefons Cerdà
Th e urbanisation of Barcelona
Barcelona cable car
Barcelona - street junctions and tram transport by Ildefons Cerdà
Barcelona - Estació de França
Barcelona attacked by Italian fascist airforces 1937
Barcelona - informal sprawl along the coast line 1956
Post -industrial Landscape SeminarWSA - Cardiff University - November 2011
Industrial Exhbibition in Barcelona:1888
Barcelona emerging grid industrial townscape 1888
Barcelona Expo 1888 Aerial view & master plan
Barcelona - view before the Expo 1888
Barcelona Industrial area nearby Mont Juic
Barcelona 1888:Large exhibition naves
Barcelona Port 2011
Barcelona - Caixa Forum:converted textile factory 2011
Post -industrial Landscape SeminarWSA - Cardiff University - November 2011
Industrial Exhbibition in Barcelona:1929
Barcelona Expo1929 Swedish Pavilion
Barcelona Expo1929 German Pavilion - preliminary drawings
Barcelona Expo1929 Public transport - electric carriage
Barcelona - informal sprawls along the coastline 1956
Barcelona - Poble NouMunicipal Urban Strategy in ‘District @’ - 2003
Post -industrial Landscape SeminarWSA - Cardiff University - November 2011
Emscher Park, Germany
Aerial view of Essen 2011
Emscher Park, Essen 2011
Emscher Park, EssenIndustrial legacy
Zollverein ParkEmscher ParkEssen
Zollverein plantEmscher Park, Essen
Zollverein Park, Essen (model)
Zollverein Park, Essen
Zollverein Park, Essen
Post -industrial Landscape SeminarWSA - Cardiff University - November 2011
Zollverein in Emscher Park, Essen by OMA
Zollverein Park, Masterplan by OMA (2002)
Zollverein - Pit XIICoal washing plant
Zollverein Museum by OMA (2008)
Zollverein MuseumInstallation of the grand escalator
Zollverein Museum & the grand escalator by OMA (2008)
Zollverein Museum & the grand escalator by OMA (2008)
Zollverein Museum inner circulation by OMA (2008)
Zollverein 2011
Post -industrial Landscape SeminarWSA - Cardiff University - November 2011
Th e Florence Convention: European Landscape Convention2000
Th e European Landscape Conventionhttp://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/heritage/Landscape/default_en.asp
As a refl ection of European identity and diversity, the landscape is our living natural and cultural heritage, be it ordinary or outstanding, urban or rural, on land or in water.
Th e European Landscape Convention - also known as the Florence Convention, - promotes the protection, management and planning of European landscapes and organises European co-operation on landscape is-sues. Th e convention was adopted on 20 October 2000 in Florence (Italy) and came into force on 1 March 2004 (Council of Europe Treaty Series no. 176). It is open for signature by member states of the Council of Europe and for accession by the European Community and European non-member states. It is the fi rst in-ternational treaty to be exclusively concerned with all dimensions of European landscape.
What, according to the Convention, does the term “landscape” cover?
Th e landscape is part of the land, as perceived by local people or visitors, which evolves through time as a result of being acted upon by natural forces and human beings. “Landscape policy” refl ects the public au-thorities' awareness of the need to frame and implement a policy on landscape. Th e public is encouraged to take an active part in its protection, conserving and maintaining the heritage value of a particular land-scape, in its management, helping to steer changes brought about by economic, social or environmental necessity, and in its planning, particularly for those areas most radically aff ected by change, such as peri-urban, industrial and coastal areas.
Identifying and protecting landscapes
Th e Convention sets great store by identifying and assessing landscapes through fi eld research by profes-sionals working in conjunction with local inhabitants. Each landscape forms a blend of components and structures: types of territories, social perceptions and ever-changing natural, social and economic forces. Once this identifi cation work has been completed and the landscape quality objectives set, the landscape can be protected, managed or developed.
Th e people at the heart of landscape policy
One of the major innovations of the European Landscape Convention is the defi nition of “landscape qual-ity objectives”, meaning, for a specifi c landscape, the formulation by the competent authorities of the aspi-rations of the public with regard to the landscape features of their surroundings. No longer the preserve of experts, landscape is now a policy area in its own right.
Management in line with landscape quality objectives also calls for education and training, including train-ing for specialists, elected representatives and the technical staff of local, regional and national authorities, and school and university courses dealing with values attached to the landscape and its protection, manage-ment and planning.
Landscape has no borders
Landscape is not a matter for individual states alone. It also needs to be considered in international policies and programmes.
Co-operation between Parties is designed to enhance the eff ectiveness of the measures taken in each state, provide mutual technical and scientifi c assistance and facilitate exchanges of landscape specialists and the sharing of information on all matters relating to the Convention.
Transfrontier co-operation is encouraged at local and regional level and, where necessary, can pave the way for the preparation and implementation of joint landscape programmes. Th e Convention also established a Council of Europe Landscape Award, which the Council’s Committee of Ministers can award to a local or regional authority, or a group of such authorities (in one country or on a transfrontier basis) or a non-governmental organisation that has instituted a policy or measures to protect, manage and/or develop their landscape, which have proved lastingly eff ective and can thus serve as an ex-ample to other territorial authorities in Europe.
Th e Florence Convention and other international treaties
Th e European Landscape Convention introduced a Europe-wide concept centring on the quality of land-scape protection, management and planning and covering the entire territory, not just outstanding land-scapes. Th rough its ground-breaking approach and its broader scope, it complements the Council of Eu-rope’s and UNESCO’s heritage conventions.
Post -industrial Landscape SeminarWSA - Cardiff University - November 2011
Th anksDr Cristian Suau
Welsh School of ArchitectureCardiff University - Prifysgol Caerdydd
email: [email protected]
www: WSA - http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/suau.php ECOFABRICA - www.ecofab.org