grammar new

7/27/2019 Grammar New

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I. Th hin ti n Simple Present)

Cch dng chnh

- Mt thi quen, mt hnh ng c lp i lp li thng xuyn. Trong cu thng c

cc trng t: always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, every day/week/month

Ex: Mary often gets up early in the morning.

- Mt stht lc no cng ng, mt chn l.

Ex

: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

- Mt hnh ng trong tng lai c a vo chng trnh, khoch. Cc ng

tthng dng: open, close. begin, end, start, finish, arrive, leave, come, return.

Ex: The last train leaves at 4.45.

II. Th hi

n t

i ti

p di

n Present Continuous)

Cch dng chnh

- Mt hnh ng hay svic ang din ra hin ti (trong lc ni), trong cu thng

c cc trng t: now, right now, at the moment, at present,

Ex: Its raining at the moment.

- Dng trong cu ngh, cu mnh lnh nh look!, listen!, be quite!,

Listen! Shes playing the piano.

- Mt hnh ng c lnkhoch thc hin trong tng lai gn.

Ex: I am going to the cinema with my father tonight.

- Mt hnh ng nht thi ko di khng lu thng dngvi: today, this week/month,these days.

TENSES(CC TH)


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Ex: I usually ride to school, but I am going to school by bus this

week.

Nhng ng tkhng c dng th HTTD

- ng tchgic quan: hear, see, smell, taste.

- ng tchtnh cm, cm xc: love, hate, like, dislike, want, wish.

- ng tchtrng thi, slin h, shu: look, seem, appear, have, own, belong to,need...

- ng tchsinh hot, tr tu: agree, understand, remember, know,

III. Th hin ti honthnh Present Perfect)

Cch dng chnh

- Mt hnh ng xy ra trong qu khkhng xc nh r thi im.

Ex: They have movedinto a new apartment.

- Mt hnh ng lp i lp li nhiu ln cho n thi im hin ti.

Ex: I have watched Iron man several times.

- Mt hnh ng xy ra trong qu khvko di n hin ti.

Ex: My friend has livedin HCMC since 1998.

- Mt hnh ng xy ra trong qu khv c kt quhin ti.

Ex: He has broken his leg, so he cant play tennis.

- Trong cu trc:

Be + the first/secondtime + S + have/has + V3/ed

Be + the so snh nh

t + N + S + have/has + ever + V3/ed

Ex: This is the first time I have been to Paris.

She is the most honest person I have ever met.

Cctrng tthng dng vi thHTHT:


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- just (va mi), recently/ lately (gn y), ever ( tng), neverbefore (cha bao

gi),yet(chaxy ra), already(xy ra ri)

-since(tkhi),for(khong, trong)

-so far = until now = up to now = up to the present(cho n by gi).

-In/Over/During/For + the + past/last + time (trong thi gian qua).

IV. Th hin ti honthnh tip din Present Perfect Cont.)

Cch dng chnh

- Hnh ng bt u trong qu khv ko di LIN TC n hin ti v cn tip din

n tng lai, thng dng vi how long, sincevfor.Ex: How long have you been waiting for her?

I have been waitingfor her for an hour.

* Ccdu hiu nhn bit khc: all day, all my lifetime, all day long, all the morning

Ex: It has been raining all day.

V. Qukhn Simple Past)

Cch

d

ng ch

nh

- Din thnh ng xy ra v hon tt trong qu khvi thi gian c xc nh

r. Cc trng tthng c i km: yesterday, ago, last week/month/year, in the past,in 1990,

Ex: Uncle Ho passed away in 1969.

VI. Qukhtip din Past Continuous)

Cch

d

ng ch

nh

- Mt hnh ng xy ra mt thi im trong qu kh.

Ex: She was studying her lesson at 7 last night.

- Mt hnh ng ko di mt khong thi gian trong qu kh.


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Ex: I was practising English from 3pm to 6pm yesterday.

- Mt hnh ng ang xy ra (QKTD) qu khth c mt hnh ng khc xen vo

(QK).

Ex: He was sleeping when I came.While my mother was cooking dinner, the phone rang.

- Hai hnh ng din ra song song cng lctrong qukh.

Ex: While I was doing my homework, my younger brother was

playing video games.

VII. Qukhhonthnh Past Perfect)

Cch

d

ng ch

nh

- Mt hnh ng xy ra vhontt trc mt thi im hoc mt hnh ng khc

trong qu kh(hnh ng trc dng QKHT, hnh ng sau dng QK).

Ex: We had had dinner before 8 oclock last night.

Lucie had learned English before she came to England.

- Mt hnh ng xy ra nhng cha hon thnh, tnh n mt thi im no

trong qu kh.Ex: By the time I left that school, I had taught there for ten

years.

VII. Qukhhonthnh tip din Past Perfect Cont.)

Cch dng chnh

- Dng nhn mnh tnh LIN TC ca mt hnh ng cho n khi mt hnh ng

khc xy ra trong qukh.Ex: When she arrived, I had been waiting for three hours.

VIII. Tng lai n Simple Future)

Cch dng chnh


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- Din tmt hnh ng sxy ra trong tng lai.

Ex: I will call you tomorrow.

- Mt quyt nh a ra vo lcni.

Ex: Its cold. Ill shut the window.

- Mt quyt tm, li ha, ngh, yu cu.

Ex: I will lend you the money.

Will you marry me?

- Mt tin on, dbo trong tng lai.

Ex: People will travel to Mars one day.

M

t s

tr

ng t

ch

th

i gian th

ng g

p:

- tomorrow, tonight, next week/month/year, some day, in the future, soon,

Cch dng BE GOING TO

- Din tnh (khng ctrong khoch).

Ex: I have saved some money. I am going to buy a new computer.

- Din tmt donccn c.

Ex: Look at those clouds. Its going to rain.

IX. T

ng lai ti

p di

n Future Continuous)

Cch dng chnh

- Mt hnh ng sang din ra mt thi im trong tng lai.

Ex: This time next week I will be playing tennis.

- Mt hnh ng sang din ra mt thi gian trong tng lai.

Ex: Well be working hard all day tomorrow.


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X. Tng lai honthnh Future Perfect)

Cch dng chnh

- Mt hnh ng shontt trc mt thi im trong tng lai.Ex: Its now 7pm. I will have finished teaching this class by 8.30.

- Mt hnh ng shontt trc mt hnh ng khctrong tng lai.

Ex: By the time you come back, I will have written this letter.

* Thny thng c bt u bng By + time (By then, By the time, By the end of

this week/month/year).

XI. T

ng lai ho

n

th

nh ti

p di

n Future Perfect Cont.)

Cch dng chnh

- Mt hnh ng bt u tqukhvko di LIN TC n mt thi im no

hoc mt hnh ng no trong tng lai.

Ex: By November, well have been living in this house for 10 years.

When George gets his degree, he will have been studying at

Oxford for 4 years.


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I. Ccbc i cu chng sang cu bng

1. Xc

nh

S, V, O trong cu ch

ng

2. Xc nh thca ng t

3. em O trong cuchng lm S trong cu bng, em S trong cu ch

ng l

m O trong c

u b

ng.

4. Ly V chnh trong cuchng i thnh P.P ri thm BE thch hp trc

P.P.

5.

t

BY tr

c O trong c

u b

ng.

II. ng ttrong cu chng vbng

1. Simple TenseEx: (A) Lan cleans the floor every morning.

(P) The floor is cleaned by Lan every morning.

2. Simple Past

Ex: (A) Nam broke the glasses.

(P) The glasses were broken by Nam.

3. Simple FutureEx: (A) Mr Brown will not teach our class.

(P) Our class will not be taught by Mr. Brown.

4. Present Continuous

VOICES(CC THTHNG)


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Ex: (A) The pupil is not doing some exercises.

(P) Some exercises are not being done by the pupil.

5. Past Continuous

Ex: (A) Mother was cooking dinner at 6 yesterday.

(P) Dinner was being cooked by mother at 6 yesterday.

6. Present Perfect

Ex: (A) The secretary has just finished the report.

(P) The report has just been finished by the secretary.

7. Past Perfect

Ex: (A) The boy had found the key before 9 yesterday.

(P) The key had been found by the boy before 9 yesterday.

8. Future Perfect

Ex: (A) The students will have written many compositions.

(P) Many compositions will have been written by the students.

9. Modal Verbs

Ex: (A) The students must do this exercises in class.

(P) This exercises must be done in class by the students.

Ex: (A) We ought to overcome these difficulties.

(P) These difficulties ought to be overcome.

III. Mt sim cn lu

1. Cu hi chng vbng:

Ex: (A) Did your father make this chair?

(P) Was this chair made by your father.

Ex: (A) Who repaired your bicycle?


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(P) By whom was your bicycle repaired?

Ex: (A) What plays did Shakespeare write?

(P) What plays were written by Shakespeare?

2.L

c b

t

c

t

trong c

u b

ng:

Nu ch t trong cu ch ng KHNG ch r l ngi hay vt c th, r rng

(people, someone, every one, no one, anyone, I, we, you, they, he, she, it) th khi i sang

cu bng (by people, by someone, by everyone, by no one, by anyone, by me, by us, by

you, by them, by him, by her, by it) cthc bi.

Ex: (A) People built that bridge in 1998.

(P) That bridge was built in 1998.

3. ng tchai tct:

- ng tcn gii tTO:give, lend, send, show,

Ex: (A) John will give me this book. (=John will give this book to

me)

(P1) I will be given this book by John.

(P2) This book will be given to me by John.

- ng tcn gii tFOR: buy, make, get,

Ex: (A) He bought her a rose. (=He bought a rose for her.)

(P1) She was bought a rose.

(P2) A rose was bought for her.

4. Mt sdng bng khc:

- ng tchkin: They/ People say/ think/ believe/ suggest/ expect that

Ex: (A) People say that Henry eats ten eggs a day.

(P1) It is said that Henry eats ten eggs a day.

(P2) Henry is said to eat ten eggs a day.

Ex: (A) They thought that Mary had gone away.

(P1) It was thought that Mary had gone away.


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(P2) Mary was thought to have gone away.

- Thsai khin:HAVE/ GET

Ex: (A) I had him repair my car.

(P) I had my car repaired.

Ex: (A) I get her to make some coffee.

(P) I get some coffee made.

- ng tchgic quan:see, watch, hear, look, taste

Ex: (A) They saw her come in.

(P) She was seen to come in.

Ex: (A) I get her to make some coffee.(P) I get some coffee made.

- Cu mnh lnh

Ex: (A) Write your name here.

(P) Let your name be written here.

Ex

: (A) He let me go out.

(P) I was let/ allowed to go out.

- Mt sng tc bit: remember, want, try, like, hate,

Ex: (A) I remember them taking me to the zoo.

(P) I remember being taken to the zoo.

Ex: (A) She wants her sister to take some photographs.

(P) She wants some photographs to be taken by her sister.

- Mt strng hp c bit nguyn mu cTO:suppose, see, make,

Ex: (P) You are supposed to learn English now.

(A1) It is your duty to learn English now.

(A2) You should learn English now.


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Ex: (A) His father makes him learn hard.

(P) He is made to learn hard.

SUBJECT-VERBAGREEMENT


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I. Nhng trng hp ng tchia dng st

1. Danh tm c st hoc khng m c

Ex: Mary lives in China.

Milk is my favorite drink.

2. Danh ttn cng bng s mang ngha st

news, mathematics (maths), economics, linguistics, politics, statistics, physics,

phonetics, aerobics, athletics, gymnastics, measles, mumps, rickets, diabetes, the

Philippines, the United States,

Ex: The news is interesting.

3. i tbt nh: every/any/no/some + body/one/thing

Ex: Someone is knocking at the door.

4. Mnh bt u bng THAT/ WHAT/ WHERE/ WHEN hoc cm tbt

u bng TO V/ V-ing.

Ex: That you get high marks does not surprise me.

To master English is not easy.

Growing flowers was her hobby when she was young.

5. T

ch

th

i gian, kho

ng c

ch, ti

n b

c,

o l

ng, th

t

c

h.

Ex: Eight hours of sleep a day is enough.

Five kilometers is not a long distance.

Twenty dollars is too much to pay for that shuff.

6. T

nh

l

ng: each of/ one of/ ...

Ex: Each of the children has a toy.

One of my friends is coming.

II. Nhng trng hp ng tchia dng snhiu


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1. Danh tm c snhiu

Ex: Engineers are key figures in our life.

2. Cc

danh t

kh

c nhau k

t h

p b

ng AND

Ex: Scientists and engineers are very important.

3. Tnh lng most of)/ some of)

Ex

: Most of the students here work very hard.

Some books I read last week are written by a famous writer.

4. Danh tlun dng snhiu

people, police, cattle, poultry, military, goods, clothes, scissors, glasses,

Ex: The police have arrested the robbers.

Sun glasses are used to protect your eyes from the sunlight.

* Ch:A pair of scissors is helpful in this case.

5. The + Adj ch

danh t

s

nhi

u

the rich/poor, the young/old/elderly, the homeless, the handicapped, the

blind/deaf/mute, the English/Chinese/Vietnamese,

Ex

: The poor have many problems.

III. Nhng trng hp cn lu

1. Khi cc ch tc ni vi nhau bi as well as, along wi thhoc together

with, ng tshahp vi chtthnht.

Ex: The students, as well as their teacher, have not come yet.

The teacher, as well as his students, has not come yet.

2. Khi c

c ch

t

c n

i v

i nhau b

i eitheror, neitheror ho

c

not

onlybut also, ng tshahp vi chtgn nht.

Ex: Neither she nor her friends have arrived.

Not only the dogs but also the cat is mine.


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3. A number of/ The number of.

Ex: A number of applicants have been interviewed.

The number of days in week is seven.

4. Ch

t

l

danh t

t

p h

p

family, class, crowd, group, club, association, company, team,

- Xem nh MT N V

Ex: My family has three members.

- cp n TNG CNHN

Ex

: My family were watching TV at 7 yesterday.

5. There is/ There are

Ex: There is a storm approaching.

There were too many people at the party.

Ch : There is certain/ sure/ likely/ bound to be = chc chn l sc

Ex: There is sure to be trouble when she gets his letter.

Do you think there is likely to be snow.

REPORT SPEECH(CU NI TRC TIPGIN TIP)


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I. ng ttng thut thhin ti hoc tng lai

1. i ngi thNHT phhp vi CHTtrong mnh chnh

2.

i ng

i th

HAI ph

h

p v

i T

C

T

trong m

nh

ch

nh

3. Ngi thBA khng i.

Ex: He says to me, I and you will go with her father tomorrow.

He tells me (that) he and I will go with her father tomorrow.

II. ng ttng thut thqukh

1. Ngi nhtrn

2. Thca ng t

V Preterite

Preterite had + P.P

3. Trng tchthi gian vni chn

today that day

tonight that night

now then

ago before

yesterday the day before

last week the week before

next week the week after

tomorrow the day after

this that

these those

here there


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Ex: She said to me, I meet your brother yesterday.

She told me that she had met my brother the day before.

III. Ccdng cu tng thut

1. Cu khng nh vphnh

ng ttng thut thng lsaid/told.

Ex: He said, I have seen her today.

He said (that) he had seen her that day.

Ex: The teacher said to Peter, The prize was not given to you.

The teacher told Peter (that) the prize had not been giving to

him.

2. Cu hi

ng ttng thut thng lask/ wondered/ wanted to know.

- Cu hi Yes-No

Ex: She asked me, Do you like him?

She asked me if I liked him.

Ex: He said, Can you speak English, Nam?

He asked Nam whether he could speak English.

- Cu hi WH-

Ex: He said, What is her name?

He asked what her name was.

Ex: She said to him, Where do you live?

She asked him where he lived.

3. Cu mnh lnh

ng ttng thut thng ltold/ asked/ ordered.

- Khng nh:


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Ex: The teacher said, Go to the board, John

The teacher told John to go to the board.

- Phnh:

Ex: Nam said to his friend, Dont shut the door

Nam asked his friend not to shut the door.

4. Cu cm thn

ng ttng thut thng lexclaim/ say that.

Ex: What a lovely garden they have!

He exclaimed/ said that what a lovely garden they had.

How hot it is!He exclaimed/ said that how hot it was.

IV. Mt sdng c bit

1. Di

n t

l

i khuy

n

Mt smu cu thng gp:

You + had better

You + should

Why dont you?

If I were you

ng ttng thut thng ladvised.

Ex: My mother said: Youd better go to school early.My mother advised me to go to school early.

Ex: Why dont you go to school early?, said my mother.

My mother advised me to go to school early.

Ex: My friend said to me: If I were you, I would met him.


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My friend advised me to meet him.

2. Din tli ngh

Mt smu cu thng gp:

Lets

Why dont we

Shall we

How about

In my opinion,

ng ttng thut thng lsuggested.

Ex: My friend said to me: Lets go out for a drink.

My mother suggested going out for a drink.

Ex: My friend said to me: Why dont we go out for a drink?

My mother suggested going out for a drink.

3. Din tli mi

Mt smu cu thng gp:

Would you like?

ng ttng thut thng linvited.

Ex: Would you like to come to my party?

He invited me to come to his party.

I. CU IU KIN

CU IU KIN

CU AO C


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1. Cu iu kin loi 1

Din tiu kin CTHXY RA hin ti hoc tng lai.

Ex: If it rains heavily, I will stay at home.

2. Cu iu kin loi 2

Din tiu kin KHNG THXY RA hin ti hoc tng lai.

Ex: I would buy a new bicycle if I had enough money.

If I were a king, you would be a queen.

3. C

u

i

u ki

n lo

i 3

Din tiu kin KHNG THXY RA qukh.

Ex: If John had worked harder, he wouldnt have failed his exam.

4. If not = Unless trphi)

Ex: We will be late if we dont hurry

We will be late unless we hurry.

Ex: If I have time, Ill help you

Unless I have time, I wont help you.

5. But for + noun + iu kin loi 2,3 nu khng c)

Ex: You help me everyday so I can finish my work.

But for your daily help, I couldnt finish my work.

6. Mt st/ cm tcththay cho IF vi ngha tng ng

provided that/ so (as) long as (min l)/ in case (trong trng hp)/ on condition that

(vi iu kin).Ex: You can borrow my book provided that you bring it back.

II. CU AO C: WISH/ IF ONLY

1. Khng ctht hin ti: Preterit


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Ex: I wish Peter were here now.

If only I had more money.

2. Khng ctht tng lai: Would + V

Ex: She wishes Tom would be here tomorrow.

If only Tom would be here tomorrow.

3. Khng ctht qukh: HAD + P.P

Ex: We wish she had passed her exam last year.

If only you hadnt told Peter about our plan.

I. Tchslng ln / nh

DETERMINES

(TNH LNG)


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1. A lot of, lots of, many, much: nhiu

- a lot of, lots ofdng trong cu khng nh.

Ex: He has a lot of/ lots of friends here.

We need a lot of/ lots of time to learn a foreign language.

- many, muchdng trong cu phnh vnghi vn.

Ex: There arent many people living here.

Does the newspaper have much information?

2. A few, a little/ few, little: mt vi, mt t/ rt t)

- a few, a littledng vi ngha xc nh.

Ex: Weve got a little bacon and a few eggs.

-few, littledng vi ngha phnh.

Ex: Few people can say that they always tell the truth.

There is little sugar in my coffee.

2. A large number of, a great deal of/ a large amount of: slng ln)

Ex: He has a large number of English books.

A dishwasher uses a great deal of electricity.

II. Tchslng tonth, bphn

1. All, most, some, any, no:

- Vi danh tm c snhiu vkhng m c.

- Vi cu trcOF + the/these/those/my/her/our + N.

Ex: Most of my students like English.

Some of the food is delicious.


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- Vi cu trcOF + i ttn ng(us/you/them/it).

Ex: Some of you have made careless mistakes in your tests.

* Khng dng cu trcNO OF+ mdng NONE OF + .

2. Every, each, both, either, neither:

-Every, each + Nm c st.

Ex: I go for wakk every day.

Each day seems to pass very slowly.

-Each of + the/these/those/my/her/our +Nm c snhiu.

Ex: Each of the students has a personal computer.

-Each of + i ttn ng(us/you/them/it).

Ex: Each of us has our own desk.

-Both, either, neither + N (i vi 2 ngi hoc 2 vt).

Ex: Both his parents are from Europe.

You can read either book.

Neither car is very economical to run.

-Both, either, neither + i ttn ng(us/you/them/it).

Ex: Both of us were tired.

MNH TNH NG(ADJECTIVE CLAUSE)


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Mnh tnh nghay mnh quan hc t sau danh tm n phngha, c

ni bng cc t quan h: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, WHEN, WHERE,

WHY.

I. Relative Pronouns

SUBJECT OBJECT POSSESSION

FOR PERSONS WHO WHO(M) WHOSE

FOR THINGS

& ANIMALSWHICH WHICH

OF WHICH

WHOSE

1. Mnh quan hhn nh

- Dng bngha cho danh tng trc. Nu bi, mnh chnh skhng r

ngha.

Ex

: I saw the girl. She helped us last week.

I saw the girl who/ that helped us last week.

2. Mnh quan hkhng hn nh

- Dng bngha cho danh tng trc, lphn gii thch thm. Nu bi, mnh

chnh vn rngha. Mnh ny thng c tch khi mnh chnh bng duphy ,.

- Ta dng mnh quan hkhng hn nh khi:

Trc danh tquan hc: this/ that/ these/ those/ my/ her/ his/

Tquan hltn ring hoc danh tring.

Ex: My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old.

My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.

Ex: Mr Brown is a very nice teacher. We studies English with him.

Mr Brown, who(m) we studied English with, is a very nice

teacher.

* Lu : KHNG dng THAT trong mnh ny.


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3. i tquan hTHAT

- Sau cm tquan hva chngi vvt.

Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London.

- Sau i tbt nh.

Ex: Ill tell you something that is very interesting.

- Sau cc tnh tso snh nht, ALL, EVERY, VERY, ONLY.

Ex: This is the most beautiful dress that I have.

All that is mine is yours.

You are the only person that can help us.

II. Relative Adverbs

WHERE : in which, on which

WHEN : at which, on which

WHY : for the reason

Ex

: The house is for sale. I was born in it.

The house in which (=where) I born is for sale.

III. Gin lc mnh quan h

1. Mnh quan hcha hin ti phn t

Ex: The man who is standing there is handsome.

The man standing there is handsome.

Ex: The president made a speech for the famous man who visited

him.The president made a speech for the famous man visiting him.

Ex: Mr Jackson, who is a professor, is travelling in the Mideast

this year.

Mr Jackson, a professor, is travelling in the Mideast this year.


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2. Mnh quan hcha qukhphn t

Ex: The book which is written by Mr.A is interesting.

The book written by Mr.A is interesting.

3. M

nh

quan h

ch

a

ng t

nguy

n th

Ex: He is the only man who can solve this problem.

He is the only man to solve this problem.

4. Mnh quan hcha nggii t

Ex: The beaker that is on the counter contains a solution.

The beaker on the counter contains a solution.

5. M

nh

quan h

ch

a t

nh t

Ex: The woman, who is very clever and beautiful is my aunt.

The woman, clever and beautiful, is my aunt.

CM TV MNH


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I. Cm tvmnh trng ngchmc ch

1. Cm tchmc ch: to-inf, i n order to, so as to

to-inf/ in order to/ so as to + V

Ex: I try to study to pass my next exam.

I worked very hard in order to complete the project in time.

He does morning exercise regularly so as to improve his

health.

so as not to + V

Ex: She studies hard so as not to fail in the exam.2. Mnh trng tchmc ch:

so that, in order that

so that/ in order that + clause

Ex: I try all my best to study English in order that I can find a

better job.

He hurried so that he wouldnt miss thetrain.

II. Cm tvmnh trng ngchkt qu

1. Cm tchkt qu:

too(qukhng th), enough(c th)

too + adj/adv + to + V

Ex: He is too short to play basketball.

Tom ran too slowly to become the winner of the race.

adj/adv + enough to + V

Ex: Mary isnt old enough to drive a car.

She speaks Spanish well enough to be an interpreter.

2. Mnh trng tchkt qu: sothat(qun ni), suchthat


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so + adj/adv + that + clause

Ex: It was so darkthat I couldnt see anything.

The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from

the class.

so + many/little + Noun + that + clause

Ex: The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own

baseball team.

The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the

heat.

such + (a/an) + adj + Noun + that + clause

Ex: It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home.

There are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want

one.

III. Cm tvmnh trng ngchldo

1. Cm tchldo:

because of, due to, owing to

because of/ due to/ owing to + Noun/Pronoun/Gerund

Ex: The students arrived late because of the traffic jam.

2. Mnh trng ngchldo: because, since, as

because/ since/ as + clause

Ex: He came ten minutes late because he missed the first bus.

IV. Cm tvmnh trng ngchsnhng b

1. Cm tchsnhng b:

in spite of, despite(mc d, cho d)

in spite of/ despite + Noun/Pronoun/GerundEx: Despite his physical handicap, he has become a successful

businessman.

We understood him in spite of his accent.

2. Mnh trng ngchsnhng b: although, though, even though


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although/ though/ even though + clause

Ex: Although the weather was very bad, we had a picnic.

3. No matter + who/what/when/where/why/how adj,adv)

Ex: No matter who you are, I still love you. = Whoever you are, Istill love you.

No matter how rich he is, he isnt happy.= However rich he is,

he isnt happy

V. Mnh trng ngchthi gian vni chn

1. Mnh trng ngchthi gian

when/ as: khi until/ till: cho n khi

just as: ngay khi whenever: bt ckhi no

while: trong khi no sooner than: ngay khi

before: trc khi hardly when: kh khi

after: sau khi as long as: chng no, cho n khi

as soon as: ngay sau khi since: tkhi

immediately: ngay khi

Ex: He never goes home before he has finished his work.

2. M

nh

tr

ng ng

ch

n

i ch

n

Mnh ny c bt u bng where(ni m) vwherever(bt cni no)

Ex: I will go wherever you go.

You can find where you live.

VI. M

nh

danh t

Mnh danh tc ni vi mnh chnh bng THAT hoc cc tWHO,WHAT, WHICH, WHERE, WHEN, HOW, WHETHER.

Ex: I dont know where she lives.

I wonder whether she will come.


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I. Danh ng t Gerund)

1. M

t s

ng t

sau

y c

n c

V-ing theo sau:

admit(tha nhn) dislike(khng thch) postpone(tr hon)anticipate(lng trc) enjoy(thch) practise(tp, thc hnh)avoid(trnh, ngn nga) imagine(tng tng, hnh

dung)

suggest(ngh)

consider(cn nhc, xem xt) finish(hon tt) quit/ give up(tb)deny(phnhn, chi) like(thch)discuss(tho lun, bn bc) miss(bl)

Ex We enjoy playing football.

Michael was considering buying a new car until the prices

went up.

Have you finished writing your book?

2. Mt sthnh ng:

cant help(khng thkhng) its no use/good(chng ch g)feel like(thy mun) would you mind(bn c phin)

Ex He couldnt help asking me.

I didnt feel like talking to him.3. Danh ng tbngcho tct:

call, catch, discover, feel, find, hear, get, imagine, keep, leave, notice, see, send, set,

stop, watch,

Ex

: I felt him looking at me now and again.

DANH NG T& NG TNGUYN MU C TO


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Ellen had noticed me talking with the landlady.

4. Mt scu trcP1:

- Have sb/sth + doing: lm cho ai lm g.

Ex: John had us laughing all through the meal.

- S + won't have sb + doing = S + won't allow sb to do sth: khng cho php ai lm g

Ex: I wont have him telling me what to do.

- To catch sb doing sth:bt gp ai ang lm g (hm bpht lng).

Ex: If she catches you reading her diary, she will be furious.

- To find sb/sth doing sth: Thy ai/ ci g ang lm g

Ex: I found him standing at the doorway.

- To leave sb doing sth: ai lm g

Ex: I left Bob talking to the director after the introduction.

- Go/come doing sth(dng cho ththao v mua sm)

Ex: Go skiing/ go swimming/ go shopping/ come dancing.

- To spend time/money/energy (on) doing sth: Bthi gian/tin bc lm g

Ex: He usually spends much time preparing his lessons.

- To waste time/money/energy doing: hao ph thi gian/tin bc lm gEx: She wasted all the afternoon having small talks with her

friends.

- To have trouble/difficulty doing sth: gp rc ri/kh khn khi lmg

Ex: He was trouble listening to English.

- To have a hard time/a difficult time doing sth:vo lc khn n/kh khn

Ex: I had hard time doing my homework.

- To be worth doing sth: ng lm gEx: This project is worth spending time and money on.

- To be busy doing something: bn lm g

Ex: She is busy packing now.

- Be no/ not much/ any/ some good doing smt: Khng c ch, t khi c ch (lm g)


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Ex: Its no good talking to him.

II. ng tnguyn mu cTo

1. Mt sng tsau y cn cto-V theo sau:

want (mun) expect(mong ch, kvng) refuse(tchi)hope(hy vng) decide(quyt nh) agree(ng )plan(dnh) would like (mun) fail (tht bi)manage(xoay s) choose(chn la) prepare(chun b)pretend(gib) promise(ha) wish (ao c)mean(c nh)

Ex He did not want to be left alone.

Do you mean to say he actually approves of it?2. Mt sthnh ng:

be about(sp sa) cant afford(khng c khnng trang tri)do ones best/ do what we can(lm ht scmnh).

would you mind(bn c phin)

make an/ every efford(cgng) make sure(chc chn)make up ones mind(quyt nh) occur(ny ra)set out(bt u) take the trouble(gp rc ri)

Ex: The next day he made sure to buy a copy of the newspaper.

3. T

n ng

c

a t

c

t

:

advise(khuyn) allow(cho php) ask(yu cu)beg(nn n) challenge(thch thc) command(ra lnh)convince(thuyt phc) encourage(khuyn khch) expect(mong ch)forbid(ngn cm) force(gng p) prepare(chun b)want(mun)

Ex: Why did he advise me to visit Westminster Abbey?

I told him to be patient.

We cant force you to stay here.


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I. So snh bng

1. So snh bng vi tnh tvtrng t

AS + adj/adv + AS

Ex: He is as tall as his father.

Is the film as interesting as you expected?

John sings as well as his sister.

Soc thc dng thay cho as trong cu phnh.

Ex: His job is not so difficult as mine.

2. So snh bng vi danh t

THE SAME + noun + AS

Ex: My house is as high as his. My house is the same height as

his.

Tom is as old as Mary. Tom and Mary are the same age.

Ch cc tnh tsau v cc danh ttng ng ca chng.

heavy, light weight

wide, narrow width

deep, shallow depth

long, short length

big, small size

old age

SO SNHTNH TV TRNG T


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II. So snh hn

short adj/adv + er

more + long adj/adv + than

less + adj/adv

Ex: Today is hotter than yesterday.

This chair is more comfortable than the other.

He speaks Spanish more fluently than I do.

short adj/adv + er

far/much + more + long adj/adv + thanless + adj/adv

Ex: Harrys watch is far more expensive than mine.

A watermelon is much sweeter than a lemon.

He speaks English much more rapidly than he does Spanish.

III. So snh kp

1. So snh

ng ti

n c

ngc

ng)

the + comparative + S + V, the + comparative + S + V

Ex: The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.

(Tri cng nng, ti cng cm thy kh chu.)

The sooner you leave, the earlier you will arrive at your destination.

(Cng i sm, bn cng n ni sm.)

the more + S + V, the + comparative + S + V

Ex: The more you study, the smarter you will become.

(Cng hc, bn cng trnn thng minh.)

2. So snh ly tin cng ngy cng )

adj/ adv + er and adj/ adv + er

Ex: Better is younger and younger. (Betty cng ngy cng trra.)


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The river gets bigger and bigger. (Dng sng cng ngy cng trnn ln.)

more and more + adj/adv

Ex: Her story was more and more attractive.

(Cu chuyn ca b ta cng ngy cng hp dn.)She becomes more and more beautiful.

(C ta trnn cng ngy cng xinh p.)

IV. So snh bc nht

short adj/adv + est in + singular noun

the + most + long adj/adv +(noun) +

least + long adj/adv of + plural noun

Ex: John is the tallest boy in the family.

Mary is the shortest of the three sisters.

These shoes are the least expensive of all.


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I. ng t

1. Ngo

i

ng t

Ngoi ng tc mt tn ngtrc tip theo sau.

Ex

The referee blows his whistle.

Ngoi ng tc thc hai tn ng: tn ng trc tip(direct object) v tn nggintip(indirect object).

Ex My friend, John, has just sent me a postcard.

Hay: My friend, John, has just sent a postcard to me

(tn ngtrc tip: a post card; tn nggin tip: me)

2. Ni ng t

Ni ng tkhng cn c tn ngtrc tip theo sau.Ex We walked across the field.

Nobody knew where the old man lived.

3. ng tlin kt Linking Verb)

ng tlin kt cn c tkhc bngha cho n (complements). Bngca nhngng tny c thl mt danh thoc mt tnh t.

Ex: My father is a doctor. (noun)

The clouds look black. (adj)

* Mt sng tlin kt thng c sdng: to be, to become(trthnh), to turn(m ra, ha ra), to seem(dng nh), to appear(c vnh), to look (trng nh), to feel(cm thy), to sound(nghe nh)

THE PART OF SPEECH(TLOI)


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II. i t

1. i tnhn xng

i tlm chng:

NGI 1 NGI 2 NGI 3

SINGULAR I you he, she, it

PLURAL we you they

i tlm tn ng:

Iwe Hehim Weus Theythem

Youyou Sheher Itit

2. i tshu

I mine You yours

He his She her

We ours It its

They theirs

3. i tphn thn

I myself You yours

He himself She her

It itself We ourselves

You yourselves They themselves

4. i tchnh

this these

that those

such (nh thny, nh thkia)

5.

i t

b

t

nh

SOME somebody someone something

ANY anybody anyone anything

NO nobody no one nothing


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III. Tnh t

1. Vtrca tnh t

- Trc danh t:Ex: She is a beautiful girl.

- Sau danh t(chstui tc, o lng):

Ex: This table is two meters long.

Hes twenty years old.

- Bngcho tct: sau ng tkeep, make

Ex

: We should keep our room clean.- Sau linking verb:

Ex: It is getting cold.

- Sau i tbt nh:

Ex: Do you have anything important to tell me?

- Sau trng tchmc :

Ex: Your story is very interesting.

2. Vtrca tnh t

Number + Quality + Size + Age + Colour + (Orgin or Country) + Material + N.

Ex: A beautiful tall thin Vietnamese girl is standing over there.

3. Hin ti phn tvqukhphn t

- Hin ti phn t: din tnhn thc ca ngi ni vngi/ vic g.

Ex: That film is interesting. (Ngi xem nhn thy bphim hay.)- Qukhphn t: din tcm gic ca ngi ni do ngi/vic gem li.

Ex: I am confused about the question. (Cu hi lm ti bi ri.)


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IV. Trng t

Phn loi trng t

- Trng tchthcch: Cho hnh ng din ra cch no, ra sao.

trli cho cu hi HOW?

Ex: He works carefully.

- Trng tchthi gian:Cho bit hnh ng din ra lcno.

trli cho cu hi WHEN?

now, today, yesterday, tomorrow, last year, then, still, no longer, already,

immediately, just, soon, finally, recently, lately, at once, 2 months later/after,

Ex: Im leaving for Hanoi tomorrow.

- Trng tchni chn:Cho bit hnh ng din ra ni no.

trli cho cu hi WHERE?

here, there, somewhere, outside, inside, upstairs, downstairs, everywhere, in

Paris, at the supermarket,

Ex: Tom is standing here.

- Trng tchsthng xuyn:Cho bit svic xy ra thng xuyn nhthno.trli cho cu hi HOW OFTEN?

never, rarely, seldom, sometimes, usually, frequently, occasionally, often, always,

once/twice a week, every day, daily, weekly, monthly,

Ex: I often get up at 5 in the morning.

- Trng tchsthng xuyn:Cho bit svic xy ra thng xuyn nhthno.

trli cho cu hi HOW OFTEN?

never, rarely, seldom, sometimes, usually, frequently, occasionally, often, always,

once/twice a week, every day, daily, weekly, monthly,

Ex: I often get up at 5 in the morning.

- Trng tchmc :Dng trc trng thoc tnh chsmc .


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very, too, so, quite, rather, extremely, absolutely, terribly, completely, really,

pretty, fairly, entirely, hardly, scarcely, somewhat, enough,

Ex: I come here quite often.

V. M

o t

1. Mo tbt nh: A, AN

A, anc s dng trong li ni chung chung hoc gii thiu mt iu g cha

c cp trc .

Ex

: A ball is round.ni chung mi tri bng u trn.

I saw a boy in the street. chng ta khng bit boy no.

2. M

o t

x

c

nh: THE

Thec sdng chsvic mchng ta bit hoc lmt kin thc chung,

phbin.

Ex: The boy in the corner is my friend. cngi ni ln ngi nghe

u bit.

The earth is round.chcduy nht.

Vi nhng danh tkhng m c, mo tthec sdng nivmt ci g

y ring bit, nhng skhng dng mo tnu mun chci gchung chung.

Ex: Sugar is sweet.ni chung chung.

The sugar on the table is from Cuba. ring bit.

VI. Lin t

1. Lin tkt hp

a. Nhm and(v) - chsthm vo

Ex: On the table for tea there were biscuits and sandwiches.

The fur coat was soft as well as warm.

Nhm ny gm cc lin t: and, both and, not only but also, as well as,furthermore, besides, moreover, in addition,


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b. Nhm but(nhng) - chsmu thun hoc tri ngc

Ex: The car was quite old but in excellent condition.

Nhm ny gm cc lin t:yet, still, however, nevertheless,

c.

Nhm or(hay, hoc l) - chsla chn hoc on chngEx: Take this book or that one.

You must work harder or else go into another class.

Nhm ny gm cc lin t:either or, ortherwise, or else, neither nor,

d. Nhm so(nn) - chhu qu, kt qu

Ex: The rain began to fall. so we went home.

Nhm ny gm cc lin t:therefore, consequently, as a result,

2. Li

n t

ph

thu

c

Dng mu mt mnh ph(mnh danh thoc mnh trng t).

VII. Gii t

1. Gii tchni chn: AT/ ON/ IN

a. IN(trong): c dng

- Chmt ngi hoc vt trong mt ni no .in a box / room / building / park / garden / bag / pocket / kitchen / cinema /

restaurant / book / lesson / newspaper / picture / pool / sea / river/ water / sky /

world / queue / row / line/ life

Ex My mother is cooking in the kitchen.

- Vi phng tin xe hi, taxi hoc ng ph.

in a car. taxi, in/on the street

Ex Peter arrived at the party in a taxi.

They live in Hung Vuong Street.

- Vi danh tkhng cmo tdin tmt ngi ang ti .

in bed/ hospital/ prison


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Ex Tom hasnt got up yet. Hes still in bed.

- Trc cc t nc, thnh ph, phng hng.

in Vietnam/ England/ Fracne/ Hanoi/ London/ the est/ west/ south/ north

Ex Ho Chi Minh City is in the south of Vietnam.

- to thnh cm tchni chn.

in the front/ back of (a car/room/theater), in the middle of (the room)

Ex I was in the back of the car when the accident happened.

Theres a computer in the middle of the room.

b. ON(trn): c dng

- Chvtrbn trn vtip xcvi bmt ca mt vt g.on the door /table/ floor / wall / ceiling / river / beach / coast , on a page

Ex I sat on the beach.

The picture youre looking for is on page 7.

- Vi phng tin i li cng cng hoc cnhn.

on a bus/train/ship/plane/bycicle/motorbike/horse

Ex There were too many people on the bus.

Mary passed me on her bycicle.

- to thnh cm tchni chn.

on the right/ left, on horseback, on the way to (school, ).

on the back/ front of (the envelope/ paper ).

on top of (the wardrobe).

on/at the corner of a street.

Ex In Britain people drive on the left.

Write your name on the front of the envelope.

c. AT(): c dng

- din tmt vtrc xcnh trong khng gian hoc snh.


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at the door/ bus stop/ traffic lights/ party/ meeting/ desk

at 69 Tran Hung Dao Street.

Ex Someone is standing at the door.

She lives at 69 Tran Hung Dao Street.- to thnh cm tchni chn.

at home / school / college / university / work

at the top/bottom of (the page )

at the end of (the street, the lesson)

at the front/back of (the line )

at/on the corner of the street

Ex Peters house is at the end of the street.The garden is at the back of the building.

2. Gi

i t

ch

th

i gian: IN, ON, AT

a. IN: c dng

- chbui trong ngy, thng, nm, ma, thp nin, thk, thin nin k.

in the morning / afternoon / evening

in February, in 1999

in (the) spring / summer / autumn / winter

in the 1990s, in the 21st century

- Trong mt scm tchmt khong thi gian trong tng lai.

in a few minutes, in an hour, in a day / week / month

Ex Daisy has gone away. Shell back in a week.

- to thnh cm tchthi gian.

in the end (= finally, at last), in time (kp lc)

b. ON: c dng

- chthtrong tun, ngy trong thng.


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on Monday, on 5thMarch, on this/that day.

Ex I was born on 27thJune, 1983.

- chbui trong ngy cthhoc mt ngy cth.

on Friday morning/ Christmas Day/ New Years Day/ my birthday.

Ex See you on Friday morning.

- to thnh cm tchthi gian.

on time (ng gi)

c. AT: c dng

- chthi gian, cc ba n trong ngy.

at 5 a.m., at sunrise / sunset / dawn / noon / twilight / night / midnight.

at breakfast / lunch / dinner / supper

Ex I get up 5 oclock every morning.

- chthi gian, cc ba n trong ngy.

at/on the weekend, at Christmas / Easter at present / the moment / the same

time / this (that) time .

Ex Mr. Brown is busy at the moment.

- to thnh cc cm t.at the end/beginning of, at the age of, at first/last .

Ex He came to live in London at the age of 25.

d. Lu : KHNG c dng IN, ON, ATtrc all, every, this month/year, next, last,tomorrow, yesterday, today.

Ex

He has worked hard all morning.

I hope to see you next Friday.

3. Ccgii tchthi gian khc

FROM TO(tn)


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Ex Every morning he plays tennis from 6 to 7.

SINCE(tkhi - mc thi gian)

Ex Ive been waiting forher since 5pm.

FOR(khong, trong)

Ex

He has lived in Paris for three months.

DURING(trong sut)

Ex You have to be quite during the performance.

UNTIL/ TILL(cho ti khi)

Ex Shell be here until Thursday.

BY(vo khong - trc hoc n mt thi im no )

Ex You must be home by 9.

BEFORE(trc lc) /AFTER(sau khi)

Ex Come and see me before/ after lunch.

4. Cch dng cc gii tkhc

a. BY: c dng

- Trong cu bng chngi gy ra hnhng trong cu.

Ex The letter was written by Mary.

- Chphng tin i li.

by bicycle/ bus/ air.

Ex

I often go to school by bicycle.

b. IN: c dng

- Vi ngha wearing (mc, eo).

Ex

- trong tm trng, trng thi, honcnh ca mt con ngi.

Ex


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c. WITH: c dng

- Vi ngha having, carrying (c, mang cng).

Ex A coat with two pockets.

A girl with blue eyes.

- chmt cng c, phng tin

Ex I often write with a pen.

d. UNDER: c dng

- Vi ngha t hn, thp hn mt con sno , tri ngc vi tOVER.

Ex Children under 14 years of age shouldnt see such a film.

The incomes under $2000 a year made him poor.

- chmt svic ang trong tnh trng no .

Ex The road is under repair. (= The road is being repaired.)

They are under discussion. (= They are being discussed.)

GI

I T

THEO SAU CC

DANH T

NOUN + FOR

a cheque for (a sum of money)


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a demand for/ a need/ a wish/ a hope for

a reason for

NOUN + OF

an advantage/ a disadvantage ofa cause of

a way/ an idea/ a method/ an opinion of

a photograph/ a picture/ a map/ a plan/ a drawing of

NOUN + IN

an increase/ a decrease/ a rise/ a fall in

NOUN + TO

an damage toan invitation to (a party, a wedding, )

a solution to (a problem)/ a key to (a door)/ an answer to (a question)/ a reply to (a

letter)/ a reaction to

an attitude to (towards)

NOUN + WITH

the matter/ trouble/ difficulty with

a relationship/ a connection/ contact with

GI

I T

THEO SAU

CC TNH T

ADJ + OF

It + be + nice/ kind/ good/ polite/ silly/ stupidof sb (to do sth)


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Nhng S + be + nice/ kind/ good/ polite/ silly/ stupidto sb

ADJ + ABOUT/ WITH

angry/ annoy/ furious/ about sth

angry/ annoy/ furious with sb for doing sthexcited/ worried/ upset/ nervous/ happyabout sth

delighted/ pleased/ satisfied/ disappointed with sth

ADJ + AT/ BY/ WITH

surprised/ shocked/ amazed/ astonished at/by sth

impressed with/by sb/sth

fed up/ bored with sth

NOUN + OF

afraid/ frightened/ terrified/ scared of

fond/ proud/ ashamed/ jealous/ joyful/ nervous of

suspicious/ critical of

capable/ incapable of

full of/ short of

tired of

ADJ + AT

good/ bad/ excellent/ brilliant/ skilful at

clever/ quick at

ADJ + IN

interested in: quan tm v

successful in: thnh cng v

rich in: giu v

confident in sb: tin cy vo ai

ADJ + ON

keen on: hng hi v

ADJ + FOR

famous for

responsible for


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suitable for: thch hp vi

convenient for: thun li cho

good/bad for: tt/hi cho (sc khe)

ADJ + TOmarried/ engaged to sb

grateful/ delightful to sb

familiar/ similar/ necessary/ available to sb

ADJ + FROM

different from: khc

isolated from: bc lp

absent from: vng mt

divorced from: li d, lm xa ri

GI

I T

THEO SAU CC

NG T

VERB + AT


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look/ have a look/ stare/ glance at: nhn vo, nhn chm chm vo

laugh/ smile at: ci vo ai

aim/ point (sth) at: nhm vo, chvo

VERB + TOtalk/ speak to (sb): ni vi ai

introduce sb to sb: gii thiu ai vi ai

listen to: lng nghe

invite (sb) to (a party/ a wedding): mi ai n tic

explain sth to sb: gii thch iu g cho ai

happen/ occur to: xy ra n

prefer to: thch ci g hn

belong to sb: thuc vai

object to sb/V-ing: phn i ai/ vic g

VERB + AT/TO

shout at sb: qut tho ai

shout to sb: cho ngi khc nghe

throw sth at sb/sth: nh, p

throw sth to sb: nm ai bt ly

ask sb for sth: xin ai ci g

ask sb to do sth: yu cu ai lm g

VERB + ABOUT

talk/ read/ tell sb/ have a discussion about

care about: quan tm

VERB + FOR

apologise sb for sth: xin li ai vvic g

apply for (a job): xin vic

blame sb for sth: li cho ai vvic g

wait for: chi

search (a person/ a place/ a thing) for : khm xt

leave (a place) for another place: ri bmt ni sang ni khc


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look for: tm kim

stand for: tng trng

VERB + ABOUT/OF

dream about: m vaidream of doing sth: m thy lm g

hear about: c ni cho bit v

hear of : bit rng ai cn tn ti

hear from: nhn c th hoc in thoi

remind sb of : gi ai nh

complain (to sb) about : phn nn ai v

VERB + OF

admire sb of sth: khm phc ai viu g

accuse sb of sth: tco ai vvic g

approve of sth to sb: tn thnhci gvi ai

die of: cht v bnh

consist of: bao gm

VERB + FROM

differ from: khc vi

escape from: thotkhi

infer from: suy ra t

sufer from

protect sb/sth from/against

borrow sth from sb: mn ci g ca ai

prevent sb from: ngn cn ai khi ci g

VERB + ON

depend/ rely on: phthuc vo

live on (money/food):

congratulate sb on: chc mng ai v

concentrate on: tp trung

insist on: khng khng


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spend (money) on : tiu tin

VERB + IN

believe in: tin vo

speacialise in:succeed in:

pass/fail in

participate in: tham gia (mt hot ng)

join in: gia nhp

VERB + INTO

break into: t nhp

crash/ drive/ bump/ run into

divide/ split into

translate (a book) (from one language) into the other

VERB + WITH

agree with sb: ng vi ai

collide with: m vo, vachm

fill sth with

provide/ supply sb with

SO NG


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1.

o ng

c

a tr

ng t

Nhng trng tcngha phnh hoc gn phnh: never, no longer, nowhere

else, rarely, seldom, little, not until.

Ex: He knows little about what she has done.

Little does he know about what she has done.

Ex: She is not only beautiful, but she is also very intelligent.

Not only is she beautiful, but she is also very intelligent..

2. Cc

c

m t

b

t

u b

ng AT, IN, ON, UNDER

Ex: At no time was Tom aware of what was happening.

In no circumstances would I agree such a proposal.

3. o ngca cuiu kin

Ex: If anyone asks me, please tell them I will be away for a few

days.

Should anyone ask me, please tell them I will be away for a fewdays.

Ex: If I knew him better, I would give him advice.

Did I know him better, I would give him advice.

Ex

: If you had asked me, I would have told you the answer.

Had you asked me, I would have told you the answer.

4. So vsuch

Ex: The day was so hot that we had to stay indoors.

So hot was the day that we had to stay indoors.

Ex: It is such a good book that I cant put it down.


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Such a good book is it that I cant put it down.

5. ONLY when/after/by/then/if

Ex: Only after a year did I begin to see the results of my work.

Only by working harder will you pass your final exam.

6. HARDLY/ SCARELY/ BARELY WHEN; NO SOONER THAN

Ex: Hardly had I arrived home work when I had a new problem.

No sooner had she handed in her paper than she realized her

careless mistakes.

EMPHASIS(DNG NHN MNH)


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1. Nhn mnh ng t

DO/ DOES/ DID + V(bare-inf.)

Ex: John visited her yesterday.John did visit her yesterday.

Ex: I like coffee. I do like coffee.

2. Nh

n m

nh t

nh t

It is/ was + adj. + to-infinitive

Ex: Travelling by air is fast.

It is fast to travel by air.

Ex: Learning a foreign language is necessary.

It is necessary to learn a foreign language.

Ex: We found that getting a visa was impossible.

We found that it was impossible to get a visa.

3. Nhn mnh danh t, i t, trng t

nhn mnh danh thoc i tta c thdng cc i tnhn mnh: myself,yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves. i tnhn mnh thng ngngay sau tc nhn mnh hoc ng cui cu.

Ex: Ted himself broke the news to me.

I myself am wrong.

nhn mnh trng tta a trng tra u cu v o ng.

Ex: Rarely has a new film produced such positive reviews.

nhn mnh danh t, i thoc trng tta cng c thdng cu trc ch.

It is/ was + + that/ who

Ex: England won the World-Cup in 1966.

It was England that won the World-Cup in 1966.

Ex: I love you. It is you that/ who I love.


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Ex: The accident happened last night.

It was last night that the accident happened.

Lu dng cu c 2 mnh nhsau:

Ex: I need water. I dont need milk.It is water, not milk that I need.

Ex: I saw Hoa. I didnt see Lan.

It was Hoa, not Lan that I saw.

STYLE(VN PHONG)


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NG T NG T+ DANH T NGHA

to look at to have a look at nhn vo

to think about/ of to give thought to ngh

to be determined to to have a determination to quyt tm

to know (about) to have knowledge of bit

to tend to to have a tendency to c khuynh hng

to intend to + inf to have intention of + V-ing dnh

to desire to have a desire ao c

to wish to have/ express a wish ao c

to visit sbto pay a visit to sb

to pay sb a visit

thm ving

to discuss sth to have a discussion about tho lun

to decide to to make a decision to quyt nh

to talk to to have a talk with ni chuyn

to explain sth to give an explanation for gii thch

to call sb to give sb a call gi in cho

to be interested in to have interest in thch

to drink to have a drink ung

to photograph to have a photograph of chp hnh

to cry to give a cry khc, ku

to laugh at to give a laugh at ci nho

to welcome sb to give sb a welcome cho n

to kiss sb to give sb a kiss hn


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to ring sb to give sb a ring gi in

to warn to give warning bo ng, cnh co

to try to (+inf)to make an efford to

to make an attempt to

cgng

to meet sb to have a meeting with sb gp ai

to succeded to make a success thnh cng

to be used to be in use c sdng

to rest to have a rest nghngi

to sleep to have a sleep ng

to bathe to have/ take a bath tm

to examine to have an examination khm, kim tra

to agree to be in agreement ng

to disagree to be disagreement khng ng

to contact sb to have contact with sb lin lc, quan h

to exchange to have an exchange of trao i

to argue with sb to have an argument with sb tranh ci vi ai

to complain about to have a complaint about phn nn v

to land to make a landing hcnh

to receive sth to be in receipt of sth (nhn )

to need to have a need of cn

to love sb to fall in love with sb yu ai

to brush sth to give sth a brush chi

to arrange with sb to have an arrangement with sb sp xp

THNH NG(VERB + NOUN (PHRASE) + PREP.)


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THNH NG NGHA

catch sight of bt gp, nhn thy

give way to nhng b, chu thua

lose sight of mt ht, khng nhn thy

make fun of chnho

make room for dn chcho

lose touch with mt lin lc

put a stop to lm ngng li

take care of chm sc

pay attention to chti

set fire to lm chy, thiu

take not of , ghi chp

give birth to sanh con

keep correspondence with lin lc tht

feel pity for

take (have) pity on

thng xt

feel regret for hi tic, n hn

make a decision onmake up ones mind

quyt nh

have a look at nhn ngm

play an influence over cnh hng

take interest in quan tm, thch th


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give place to nhng ch

keep pace with snh kp, bt kp

make allowance for chiu cn

make a fuss over/about lm ri rung ln, lm om sm

make use of dng, sdng

lose track of mt du

take account for n, lu tm

take notice of lu

put an end to kt thc

take advantage of li dng

take leave of tbit

make a contribution to gpphn

show affection for ccm tnh

feel sympathy for thng cm

feel shame at xu h

get victory over chin thng

have faith in tin tng

take part in tham d

get rid of tng kh

take hold of nm gi


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PHR S L VERB ME NING

ACROSS

come across sb/sthto meet or find sb/sth by chance, without having planned

or thought about it.

AFTER

look after sb/sth/yourself to make sure that sb/sth is safe, take care of sth.

take after sbto look like or behave like an older member of your

family.

AWAY

give sthaway to give sth to sb as a gift.

put sthawayto put sth in a box, drawer, because you have finished

using it.

throw sthawayto get rid of sth that has no use or that you no longer

need.

BACK

call back

call sbback

to telephone sb again or to telephone sb who telephoned

you earlier.

DOWN

break downif a vehicle, breaks down, it stops working because of a

fault.

cut down (on sth) to use or buy less of sth

let sbdown to fail to help or support sb in the way that they hoped orexpected.

put sb/sthdownto place sb/sth that you are holding onto the floor or

another surface.

settle downto start to have a calmer or quieter way of living in one

place.

slow down to go, or to make sb/sth, at a slower speed.

PHRASAL VERB


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slow sb/sthdown

turn sb/sthdown to reject or refuse sb/sth.

turn sthdownto adjust the controls on a piece of equipment in order to

reduce the amount of heat, noise, light,

write sthdown to write sth on paper so that you do not forget it.

FOR

look for sb/sthto search for sb/sth, either because you have lost them/it,

or because you need them/it.

stand for sth to be a shorter form of sth.

FORWARD TO

look forward to sthto feel excited about sth that is going to happen because

you expect to enjoy it.

IN

check in

check sb/sthin

to take sbname when they arrive at a hotel or an airport,

look at their ticket.

to leave or accept bags, cases, to be put on a plane or a

train.

fill sthin to complete a form, by writing information on it.

get in

get in sthto enter or go inside sth.

OFF

call sthoffto cancel or abandon sth that has been planned or that

has already started.

cut sboffto interrupt a telephone conversation by breaking the

connection.

cut sb/sthoffto separate sb/sth/yourself physically or socially from

other people or things.

cut sb/sthoff to stop the supply of gas, water or electricity to sbs home.

drop sb/sthoff to stop and let sb get out of a car, get off

get off sthto leave a bus, train, plane, that you are travelling in.

go off(of a weapon, etc) to be fired; to explode.

(of an alarm) to make sudden loud noise or flash.

go off if food or drink goes off, it becomes bad and not fit to eat


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or drink.

log offto the perform the actions that allow you to finish using a

computer system.

put sboff

put sboff sth

to make sb to stop liking sb/sth; to make sb lose interest in

sb/sth

put sboff

put sboff sthto disturb sb who is trying to give all their attention to sth.

put sthoff to change sth to a later date or time.

see sb offto go to a station, an airport, to say goodbye to sb who

is going on a journey.

set off to begin a journey.

take off (of an aircraft) to leave the ground and begin to fly.

take sthoff to remove an item of clothing from your/sbs body.

tell sboff (for sth)to speak angrily to sb, especially a child, because they

have done sth wrong.

turn sthoffto stop the flow of electricity, gas, water, by moving a

switch or a button.

ON

come on

used to encourage sb to do sth, to hurry

used to show that you do not believe what sb has said or

that you disagee with them.

get on (with sb) to have a friendly relationship with sb.

get on

get on sthto get into a bus, plane, train,

go on(of a situation or a state of affairs) to continue to happen

or exist without changing.

go on(progressive tenses)

to take place, to happen

have sthon

have got sthon

(not progressive tenses)to be wearing sth

hold on used to ask sb to wait or stop for a short time.

hold on (to sb/sth) to hold sth/sb tightly; to not let go of sth/sb.

log on (computing) to perform the actions that allow you to


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log onto sth begin using a computer system.

put sthon to put an item of clothing, on your body.

try sthonto put on a piece of clothing too see if it fits and how it

look.

turn sthonto start the flow of electricity, gas, water, by moving a

switch or button.

OUT

check out

check out of sth

to leave a hotel, a hospital, where you have been

staying.

check sb/sthoutto find out if sth is true or correct or if sb is honest, works

hard,

find out

find sthout

to learn a fact, a piece or information, or the truth about

sth/sb

get out

get out of sth

to leave or go out of a place such as a car, a lift, a room

or a house.

get out of sthto avoid a responsibility or duty; to not do that you ought

to do

give sthout to hand sth to a lot of people.

go out (for sth) to leave your house to go to social events,

go out (with sb) (of young people) to spend time with sb and have aromantic or sexual relationship with them.

go out (of a fire or a light) to stop burning or shining.

leave sb/sthout

leave sb/sthout of sthto not include sb/sth either accidentally or deliberate.

put sbout to make trouble, problems or extra work for sb

put sthout to make sth stop burning.

run out

run out of sthif a supply of sth runs out, it is finished or used up.

sell out

sell out of sth

if tickets for a concert, a game, sell out or are sold out,

they are all sold and there are none left.

sort sth out solve the problem.


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try sth out

to test sth to see how good and useful they are or how

suitable for a particular task or purpose before you decide

to use them/it.

wear out

wear sth out

to become, or to make sth become, thin or no longer able

to be used, usually because it has been used too.

wear sb/yourself out to make sb/yourself extremely tired.

work out to happen or develop in a particular way.

work sth out to calculate sth

OVER

fall over to be unable stay standing and fall to the ground.

get over sb/sthto return to your usual state of health, happiness, after

the end of a relationship with sb, an illness, a shock, turn over

turn sb/sth over

to change your position, or the position of sb/sth, so that

the other side is facing out or up.

ROUND

come round (to sth)to visit sb or a place; to come to sbs home to see them for

a short time.

UP

be up to sbto be sbs responsibility or duty.

to be left to sb to decide.be up to sth to be busy doing sth, especially sth bad.

blow up

blow sb/sthup

to explode; to be destroyed by an explosion.

to kill sb or destroy sth with a bomb or an explosion

blow sthup to fill sth with air or gas.

break up (with sb) to end a relationship with sb.

bring sbupto care for a child until he/she is grown up.

to teach a child a particular way to behave.

catch up

catch sb/sthupto reach sb/sth ahead of you by going faster than them/it.

cheer up

cheer sb/yourselfup

to become, or to make sb/yourself, happier or more

cheerful.


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do sthup to fasten or close sth in this way

fill sthup if you fills it up, it becomes completely full.

get up

get sbupto get out of bed; to make sb get out of bed.

give up

give up sthto stop trying to do sth, usually because it is too difficult.

give up

give up sth

to stop doing or having sth that is not good for your

health.

grow up when a person grows up, they become an adult.

hang up

hang up sth

hang up on sb

to end a telephone conversation, often very suddenly, byputting down the part of the telephone that you speak into

(the receiver) or switching the telephone off.

hold sb/sthup to block or delay the progress of sb/sth

keep up to move at the same rate or speed as sb/sth.

look sthupto search a word or some information in a dictionary or

another book.

make sthup to invent sth, often in order to trick sb.

own up to sthto admit that you are the person responsible for sth thathas happened.

pick sb/sthup to take hold of and lift sb/sth

pick sb/sthup

to go to sbs home a place you have arranged and take

them somewhere in your car;

to collect sth from a place you have arrange.

put up with sb/sthto accept sb/sth that is annoying or unpleasant without

complaining.

set sthup to create sth or start a business, an organization,

speak up used to ask sb to speak louder.

take up sth to start to do a new activity, especially pleasure.

take up sth to fill a particular amount of space or time.

turn up (of a person) to arrive


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turn sthup

to adjust the controls on a piece of equipment in order to

increase the amount of heat, noise or power that is

produced.

wake up

wake sbup

to stop sleeping; to make sb stop sleeping.

CU TRC VIT LI CU


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A. Cc dng chuyn i cu trc cu

1. Cu trc1:

It + be + adj + for O) + to V

To V/V-ing + be + adj + for O)

Ex: It is not easy for me to master English. To master/Mastering English is not easy to .

Ex: It is more dangerous to drive a motorbike than to drive a car.

To drive a motorbike is more dangerous than to drive a car .

Driving a motorbike is more dangerous than driving a car .

2. C

u tr

c

2:

S + spend + time + V-ing

S + last + time

It takes/took + O + to V

Ex: He spent 15 minutes finishing this exercise.

It took him 15 minutes to finish the exercise .

Ex

: The flight to Hong Kong lasts about 8 hours.

It takes about 8 hours to fly to Hong Kong.

3. Cu trc3:

S + often/usually + V


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S + find + it + adj + to V

S + be used to + V-ing

Ex: They usually drink beer.

They are used to drinking beer.

Ex

: I dont find it difficult to get up early.

I am used to getting up early.

4. Cu trc4:

S + used to/would + V

S + once + Precidit

S + no longer + V

S + not any more/ any longer

Ex: He used to smoke cigarettes.

He no longer smokes cigarettes.

He doesnt smoke cigarettes any more/ any longer.

5. Cu trc5: mun ai l m g )

prefer sb to do sth

would rather sb Vpast sth

Ex: I prefer you (not) to smoke here.

Id rather you (not) smoked here.

6. C

u tr

c

6: th

c

h l

m g

/ c

i g

h

n)

prefer V-ing/N to V-ing/N


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would rather do sth than do sth

like V-ing/N better than V-ing/N

Ex: She prefers staying at home to going out.

Shed rather stay at home than go out.

She likes staying at home better than going out.

7. Cu trc7:

S + have/has + not + P.P

A) S + have/has + yet + to V

P) S + have/has + yet + to be + P.P

Ex: I havent decided.

I have yet to decide.

Ex: Winners havent been announced.

Winners have yet to be announced.

8. Cu trc8:

S + have/had + never + P.P

S + have/had + not + P.P + before.

S + be + not used to + V-ing

It/This is/wasthe f

irst time that) + S + have/had + P.P

Ex: I have not eaten this kind of food before.

This is the first time that I have eaten this kind of food.

9. Cu trc9:

S + have + not + P.P + since/for + time

The last time + S + Precidit + was + [in + time]/[time + ago]


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Ex: I havent played footballsince 2000.

The last time I played football was in 2000.

Ex: I havent been to HCM city for 2 years.

The last time I was to HCM was 2 years ago.

10. Cu trc10:

S + have + not + P.P + since + time/time clause

S + last + Precidit + since + time/time clause.

Ex

: I havent played football since 2000.

I last played football since 2000.

Ex: I havent been to HCM city since I was 15. I last was to HCM city since I was 15.

11. Cu trc11:

S + have + not + P.P + for + time.

S + Precidit + time + ago.

Its + time + since + S + last) + Precidit.

Ex: I havent played football for 2 years.

Its 2 years since I last played football.

Ex: I played football 2 years ago.

Its 2 years since I played football.

12. C

u tr

c

12:

S + have + never + P.P + such + adj + Noun

It/This + be + superlative adj + Noun + S + have + ever + P.P

Ex: I have never met such a nice person.


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This is the nicest person I have ever met.

13. Cu trc13:

S + have + never + P.P + comparative adj + Noun

S + be + superlative adj + Noun + S + have + ever + P.P

Ex: I will never meet anyone more dangerous than Mrs Johns.

Mrs Johns is the most dangerous person you will ever meet.

14. Cu trc14:

Its ones duty to do sth

S + be + supposed to do sth

15. Cu trc15:

get/ask/request/want sb to do sth

have sb do sth

16. Cu trc16:

let sb do sth

allow sb to do sth

17. Cu trc17:

to be worth doing sth

there is no point in doing sth

18. Cu trc18:

to seems = to appear = to be likely = to look as if/as though

B. Cc dng chuyn i hnh thc t

NG T TNH T NGHA

to understand to be aware of


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to like/ enjoy to be interested in/ keen on

to manage to do sth to be succeed in doing

to can

to be able to

to be possible

to be capable of

to need to V to be necessary (for sb) to V

to like sth to be fond of sth

grammar new

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