grammar bookupdated

19
Grammar Book Sonia Nguyen 3 rd SP2H

Upload: rawryo

Post on 05-Aug-2015

142 views

Category:

Education


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Grammar bookupdated

Grammar Book

Sonia Nguyen

3rd

SP2H

Page 2: Grammar bookupdated

Table of Content

NacionalidadStem changingIndirect/Direct ObjectsGustarNegative words/AffirmativesLos superlativesReflexivesAffirmative commandsIrregularNegativeSequencingPreterite -Car –Gar –Zar Deber + Infinitive Modal Verbs Present Progressive Adverbs

Page 3: Grammar bookupdated

NacionalidadNicaragua Nicaraguense

Costa Rica Costarricense

Estados Unidos NorteamericanosEstdounidense

Venezuela venezolano

Peru peruano

Chile chileano

Colombia colombiano

Bolivia Boliviano

Ecuador Ecuatoriano

Argentina Argentino

Mexico Mexicano

Cuba Cubano

Uruguay Uruguayo

Paraguay Paraguayo

Puerto Rico Puertorriquno

Panama Panameno

El Salvador Salvadoreno

Honduras Hondureno

Espana Espanol

Guatemala Guatemalteco

Guinea Ecuatorial

Guineano

La Republica Dominicana

Dominicano

Page 4: Grammar bookupdated

Stem Changinge > i

Pedir

o > ue

Almorzar

e > ie

Pensar

Pido

Pides

Pide

Pedimos

Pedis

Piden

Almuerzo

Almuerzas

Almuerza

Almorzamos

Almorzais

Almuerzan

Pienso

Piensas

Piensa

Pensamos

Pensais

Piensan

Page 5: Grammar bookupdated

Indirect/ Direct Objects

Singular Plural

meMe

nosUs

teYou (familiar)

osYou (familiar)

leYou (formal), him, her

lesYou, then

Page 6: Grammar bookupdated

Gustar

Singular Plural

me gusta me gustan

te gusta te gustan

le gusta le gustan

nos gusta nos gustan

os gusta os gustan

les gusta les gustan

When you want to talk about things that people like, change the form or gustar to match the singular or plural nouns for those things.

Page 7: Grammar bookupdated

Negative Words/ AffirmativesAffirmatives Negative Words

algo - something Nada - nothing

Alguien - someone Nadie - no one

algun / alguno - same ningun / nunguno – none, not any

Siempre - always Nunca - never

Tambien - also Tampoco - neither, either

Page 8: Grammar bookupdated

Los Superlativesisimomalo > malisimo

isimoscaliente > calientisimos

isimalarga > larguisima

isimasmuchas > muchisimas

c > qu

g > gu

z > c

To express extremes with most adjectives, drop the final vowel and add the ending –isimo(a). The adjective must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies

*When the last consonant is c, g, or z, spelling changes are required

Page 9: Grammar bookupdated

Reflexives

Me

lavo

Te

lavas

Se

lava

Nos

lavamos

Os

laváis

Se

lavan

Page 10: Grammar bookupdated

Affirmative Commands

Give instructions or commands to someone by using the Affirmative tu commands of regular verbs.

*Notice it is a tú command, but ends like a 3rd house form.*Caminar :

¡Camina!

¡Camina en el parque!

Comer :

¡Come!

¡Come toda la hamburguesa!

Abrir :

Abre!

¡Abre la puerta, quiero entrar!

Page 11: Grammar bookupdated

Irregular

Infinitive Affirmative tú Command

Decir Di

Hacer Haz

Ir Ve

Poner Pon

Salir Sal

Ser Sé

Tener Ten

Venir Ven

Page 12: Grammar bookupdated

Negative tú Commands

When you tell someone what not to do, use a negative commands.

Negative tú commands are formed by taking you form of the present tense, dropping the – o, and adding the appropriate ending.

Hablo -es for –ar verbs

Vuelvo -as for –er and –ir verbs

Infinitive Yo Form Negative tú Command

hablar hablo ¡No Hables!

volver vuelvo ¡No vuelvas!

Page 13: Grammar bookupdated

Sequencing

Primero First

Entonces Then

Luego/después Then / after

Por Fin Finally

Antes de/ después de Before / after

Por la mañana/ tarde/ noche

In the morning/ afternoon/ night

Page 14: Grammar bookupdated

Preterite

To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the preterite, simply drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following:éasteóamosasteisaronTo conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the preterite, simply drop the ending (-er or -ir) and add one of the following:íisteióimosisteisieron

Page 15: Grammar bookupdated

-Car –Gar -Zar

Tocar Jugar Comenzar

Toqué Jugué Comencé

Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste

Tocó Jugó Comenezó

Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos

Tocaron Jugaron Comenzaron

Page 16: Grammar bookupdated

Deber + Infinitive

Yo Debo

Tú Debes

El/Ella/Usted Debe

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes Deben

Nosotros/Nosotras Debemos

Page 17: Grammar bookupdated

Modal Verbs

-When verbs are used in modal verb

combinations – 2nd verb is not conjugated both

rather left in infinitive form

Deber Should ought to

Desear To desire

Necesitar To need

Poder Can,could,might

Querer Want, would like to

Saber Know

Soler Usually,used to

Page 18: Grammar bookupdated

Present Progressive

-ing estar t “-ing”

Ar ando

Er/ir iendo

3 vowel yendo

Page 19: Grammar bookupdated

Adverbs

-mente

Adj make femine adverb(mente)

-When 2 adverds modify the same verb, only

the 2nd one uses the –mente ending.

Adverbs – modify the verbs

Mucho, muy, mal, bastante, bien, ya, tan,

nunca, Poco, Psiempre, desmasiado