grains, pasta, rice. definition: single, hard seed grains are the edible seeds of certain grasses....
TRANSCRIPT
Grains, Pasta, Rice
• Definition: single, hard seed• Grains are the edible seeds of certain grasses.
• Most common grains– Wheat– Corn– Rice
Grains
• Cereal is the common name for grains.• The principle grains are wheat, rice, oats, barley, corn,
buckwheat, and rye.
Wheat - flour, cereals, pasta
Corn - vegetable, cereals, grits, and hominy
Rice - cereals, rice
Oats - cereals, an ingredient in baked products and in some desserts (The cereals made from oats are usually made of the whole grain with only the outer husk removed. Because of this process, oat cereals are rich in nutrients.)
Rye, Barley, and Buckwheat - are used for flour
Kernel of Wheat
HUSK
Parts of the Grain• Bran - outside covering of the grain and consists of
several layers.
• Cellulose is not digested, acts as a natural laxative and
is sometimes called the “scrub brush” for the intestine, helping to keep the body regular. (fiber, B vitamins, minerals, protein)
• Endosperm - is the inner white portion. (complex carbohydrates, proteins, NO vitamins and minerals)
• Germ - found at one end of the kernel, is the sprouting part from which a new part grows. (B vitamins, vitamin E, iron, zinc, other minerals, unsaturated fat)
Wheat Cont…• Common Wheat: used for flour• Durum Wheat: type of wheat with high
protein and gluten contents
• Wheat is known as the staff of life because of its availability around the world. It is a staple food because of its good keeping quality, high energy value and their relatively low cost.
What’s a Whole Grain?
• Whole Grains: Made from entire kernel including bran, germ, endosperm.
• Refined grains: Milled so germ and bran are removed.
• Enriched: Adding nutrients lost during the processing of the grain back into the finished product ex. White flour.
Why do Whole Grains Matter?
• Diets rich in whole grain foods and other plant foods, and low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may help reduce the risk of heart disease
• Consuming at least 3 or more ounce-equivalents of whole grains per day can reduce the risk of several chronic diseases and may help with weight maintenance– High fiber -High in B Vitamins– Low fat -Rich Sources of Minerals– More calcium
Pasta
• Type of Pasta:
spaghetti, macaroni, fettuccine, ravioli, lasagna, tortellini, linguini, egg noodles, etc.
• Pasta Facts:
– Pasta dishes are usually low cost entrees– Store pasta in a tightly covered container at room temperature– Pasta test for doneness - al dente (meaning firm to the tooth)
PASTA Continued…• Pasta is usually made from DURHAM wheat
because of its high protein and gluten.
• Pasta doubles as it cooks. 1 cup uncooked pasta will yield 2 cups cooked.
• To Cook:• Boil a large pot of water• Add pasta once boiling• Cook 10 minutes• Drain• Toss with oil to prevent it from sticking together
Other Grains
Less Popular • Barley• Oats• Rye
Uncommon Grains• Quinoa• Kamut• Amarantha• Buckwheat
Barley• Barley contains all eight amino acids• According to a recent study, eating whole grain barley
can regulate blood sugar for up to 10 hours after
consumption
Oats• Oats contain more soluble
fiber than any other grain, resulting in slower digestion and an extended sensation of fullness
• Oats soluble fiber lower bad cholesterol therefore decreasing your risks of heart disease.
Less Popular Grains
Less Popular Grains
Rye• Commonly made into flour for rye bread
• Triticale: hybrid grain that is a cross between wheat and rye
Uncommon Grains
Quinoa• Seeds that are covered in bitterness preventing insect/bird damage• High protein content (12-18%); complete protein (balanced set of amino
acids)
Kamut• Larger seed size in
comparison to wheat
• Contains 30-40% more protein than wheat
Uncommon Grains
Amaranth• have a 30% higher protein value than other cereals,
such as rice, wheat flour, oats, and rye • Contains a complete protein and a high amount of
manganese
Buckwheat• contains no gluten; • is not related to wheat
– Kasha: roasted buckwheat that’s ground or cracked
Processing Grains
• Berries: whole grain minus the hull
• Flour: ground into fine powder
• Rolled = Flaked: flattened between rollers
• Cracked: cut into small pieces to speed up cooking time
• Pearled: bran removed and tumbled
RiceWorldwide there are more
than 40,000 different varieties of rice!
Basic Categories of Rice
• Long grain Rice- Long, polished kernels. Bland and somewhat firm in texture. Yields a drier, fluffy rice. – Ex. Basmati and Jasmine
• Medium Grain Rice- has a shorter, wider kernel (two to three times longer than its width) than long grain rice. Cooked grains are more moist and tender, and have a greater tendency to cling together than long grain. – Ex. Sushi Rice
• Short Grain Rice- Short grain rice has a short, plump, almost round kernel. Cooked grains are soft and cling together. – Ex. Arborio Rice
Nutritional Differences of Rice
• Brown Rice- the whole grain form of rice with only the husk removed
• Parboiled Rice- steam was passed through the grains with the husks on. The nutrients are embedded into the grain by this procedure. The rice is polished after this steaming is done. This results in more nutritious rice than white rice and more digestible rice than brown rice.
• Instant Rice- Precooked and dehydrated, cooks quickly and the yield is doubled.
Cooking Rice
• Double the amount of water for rice. (1:2 ratio) 1. Bring water to boil. 2. Add and stir in rice. 3. Turn heat to low and put on lid. 4. Cook for 20-25 minutes (parboiled) 45-1hr (brown rice). 5. Rice is done if no water is visible. 6. Fluff with a fork.
• Rice Triples as it cooks. 1 cup uncooked rice yields 3 cups of cooked rice.
Pop Quiz! 1. What disease do eating whole grains help prevent?
A. Heart disease, celiac
B. Heart disease, Hypertension
C. Heart disease, obesity
D. High blood pressure, obesity
2. Identify the names of some “uncommon grains”:
A. Quinoa, buckwheat, rice, corn
B. Quinoa, kamut, buckwheat, amarantha
C. Buckwheat, wild rice, oats, wheat
D. Durham, barley, rice, corn
3. 1 Cup uncooked pasta will yield ____cups cooked pasta.
4. 2 Cups uncooked rice will yield _____ cups cooked rice.
5. The test for pasta’s doneness is called: _________ Al Dente
2
6