grade renewable energy sources

8/6/2019 Grade Renewable Energy Sources

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RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOURCESEnergy sources which are

continuously being replenishedby nature

Grade 6


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ATOM

PROTON ELECTRONS

NEUTRON

N N

E

E


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Definition Of The Three Parts

Mass ChargeProton

Subatomic particlehaving a positiveelectrical charge

Neutron

Subatomic particle

with no netelectrical charge

ElectronSubatomic particlehaving a negative

electrical charge

I +

I +/-

-~0


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ELECTRICITY

An electric current iscreated when tiny chargedparticles flow in a wire.

Electric current can powerthings like our computersand TV sets.

ELECTRICITY


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Natural Electricity

Aurora Borealis

Lightning

Static Electricity


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ELECTRICITY HAS TRADITIONALLY BEEN.

to your house

fueled bycoal, oil or

natural gas,

generated,

Gtransformed,

Tand

distributed


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Name other ways we useelectricity

Describe in your own words, the

difference between Renewableand Non-Renewable Electricity


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Brainstorm sources of

electricity.

Which are renewable andwhich are non-renewable?


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SOLAR

SOLAR

THEYNEEDOURHELP!KeepAmerica

Clean!Recycle UseN

atural

Resources

TTransformer

Your Home

NATURAL AND RENEWABLE

SOURCES OF ENERGY

DistributionLines

Wind

GGenerator

Geothermal

Biogas

Biomass

Hydroelectric


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SOLAR

ENERGY

SOLUTIONS

Photovoltaic Solar PowerSystem

Parabolic Trough Solar

Power System

Solar Panel Solar Trough

Solar Energy is light and

heat energy that comesfrom the sun.


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The basic building blockof a photovoltaic (PV)solar power plant is thesolar cell which istypically made of silicon.

On a sunny day, each

square foot of PV cellsgenerate approximately12 watts of electricalpower.

A typical PV cellconverts 15% of theincident solar energy to

DC electricity.


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Converts DC power to

AC power.

Has a conversionefficiency of 92%.


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Increases the voltagefrom the inverter tomatch the voltage onthe power lines


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Transports the electricalenergy from the power plantto your home.


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SOLARSOLUTION

#1

PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLARPOWER SYSTEM

PHOTO + VOLT = PHOTOVOLTAIC[LIGHT] [UNIT [ELECTRICITY

OF PRODUCED

ELECTRICITY] FROM LIGHT]

http://www.aps.com/Photovoltaics: The direct conversion of sunlight to electricity

SOLAR CELL

INVERTER

TRANSFORMER

POWER LINES


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PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS

Scottsdale Covered Parking:

Fixed Photovoltaic panels

Prescott Airport:

Single Axis Tracking, TiltedSingle Axis Tracking, andHigh Concentration

Photovoltaic

Glendale Airport:

Single Axis Tracking and HighConcentration Photovoltaic


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Hot Water In

Cool Water Out

Cold Water In

Warm Water Out

Tube and Shell Heat Exchanger

Heat exchangers are devices built for efficient heat transfer from one

fluid to another.

http://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/EXCHANGE.HTM


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PARABOLIC TROUGH SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS

G

Oil is heated as it moves

through the pipe, the oiltemperature can be as

high as 750

F

The hot oil travels through a heatexchanger to heat water that

produces steam.

SOLARSOLUTION

#2

Mirrors focus the suns energy and increase the intensity 30

to 60 times. Heat is created and focused on a pipe

Hot Oil

Cold Oil

Heat Exchanger

TurbineGenerator

T

Steam

1

1

2

2

3

3

Once heat is taken from oil, theoil returns to the pipe to be

reheated.

5The steam turns turbines and

turbines create electricity.

4

4


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SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS

10,000,000 WattsSolar II Experimental

Power Plant, California

25,000 WattsDish/StirlingEngine System,

Arizona

1,000,000 WattsParabolic Trough PowerPlant, Arizona


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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Hot Rock - Magma


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HOW DOES GEOTHERMAL HEAT GET UP TO EARTH'S

SURFACE? Conduction

Heat from the Earths interior flowsoutward. It is transferred to the outerlayer of rock or the crust.

Convection

Magma or very hot rockrising upward out of themantle can bring intenseheat into the crust

Magma or very hot rock


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CONDUCTION AND CONVECTION

Convection is the transfer of energy within a liquid.

Heat conduction is the transfer of heat in a solid material.


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Rainwater seeping downward through pores and crevices in thecrust to depths of a mile or more is heated. The heated water maybe stored underground in geothermal reservoirs, or the hot watermay flow upward out of the reservoirs to the surface as hot springs,or boil near the surface to create geysers, fumaroles, and mud pots

Rainwater


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Geysers at YellowstoneNational Park

http://en.wikipedia.orgwww.nps.gov

Steamboat Geyser

Old Faithful


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BINARY-CYCLE GEOTHERMAL POWERPLANT Is one example of a geothermal power plant

Turbine G

Cooled Water

Heat Exchanger

Pump

Steam

Geothermal ReservoirProductionWell

InjectionWell

Cooler

CoolingTower

Air

T

The geothermalwater is passedthrough a heatexchanger to heat

a another fluid thatbecomes steam

2

2

Geothermal water isbrought to the surfacethrough wells that aredrilled deep into theearth.

1

1

The steam spinsthe turbinegenerator toproduceelectricity.

3

3

The steam is cooledback into a liquid andre-heated at the heatexchanger

4

4

5The geothermalcooled water issent back into theearth

5


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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN ARIZONA

Picture from www.EnergyAtlas.org

Locate

wheregeothermalsourcesare most

likely to be


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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN ARIZONA

Higher temperaturesprings and wells

(greater than 120 F)occur in areas that may

have potential for space

heating and geothermalgreen housing

Some of the areasshown with wells and

springs greater than140 F may have

reservoirs underneaththem with 250 - 350 Ftemperatures that

make them suitable forsmall scale binary

electric powergeneration

Picture from www.EnergyAtlas.org


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HOW DO YOU CONVERT WIND INTO ELECTRICITY?

The transformer increasesthe voltage to match the

voltage on the power linebefore it is sent on to your

house

RotorDiameter

GeneratorGearbox

GNacelle

Tower

T

Transformer

The wind hits the rotor, therotor spins the generators

making electrical energy frommechanical energy


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WIND FARMS

are similar totraditional farms only

because they haveturbines that spin like

windmills. What doyou think the purposeof a turbine is?


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BIOMASS ENERGY FROM ARIZONA FORESTS

1. Left alone, forestsbecome thick with trees and

forest litter.

2. Underburns knownas ground fires helpclear the forest floors

so that grass growsand large trees

survive.3. Underburnsalso preventmore damaging

fires that spread

across the topof the trees.

4. The top of tree fires spread quicklyand are much more difficult to fight.

They leave burnt land that can takeyears to replenish.

5. Sometimes firemakes seeds grow,

but sometimes theforest has to be

replanted to speedthe return of trees.

THE

BEGINNING

What other damage can happen from forest fires?


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Wild fires and bark beetlescreate biomass that canbe used as a fuel togenerate electricity.

THE BEGINNINGS OF BIOMASS


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THE BEGINNINGS OF BIOMASS

Biomass was the firstfuel mankind used for

energy.

CLEANER

THAN

COAL

AVAILABLEBEFORE

OIL

MORENATUREFRIENDLYTHANNATURALGAS

Burning wood was

used for warmthand cooking, as

well as keepingwild animals away

THE BALANCE OF BIOMASS


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THE BALANCE OF BIOMASS

Biomass generates far lessemissions than fossil fuels

CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) is released by burning biomass and isused by other plants to make food.

CO2

CO2

CO2CO

2

CO2

UseBiomas

s,

getles

s

Greenh

ouse

Gas

GREENHOUSEGAS

MORE

FOSSIL

FUEL

LESS

BIOMASS


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BALANCE OF BIOMASS

Plants take in CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) andmake oxygen.

When biomass is burned, it uses oxygen to

make CO2

This is the balance of biomass

BIOMASS ENERGY COMES FROM


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BIOMASS ENERGY COMES FROM

plant, human or animal derived organic matter

that is eaten, burnt, or converted into fuel.

Wood from trees, agriculture,wood factory waste, and theconstruction industry

Burnt wood from forest fires

Animals andanimal droppings

Gasification pyrolysis digestion fermentation and solid fuel combustion


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Gasification

Gasification, pyrolysis, digestion, fermentation and solid fuel combustionare five different processes that use the biomass to make electricity.

GGenerator

Fermentation

Solid Fuel

Combustion

Digestion

Pyrolysis TTransformer

GASIFICATION


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GASIFICATION

Biomass

Electricity

Exposing a solid fuel to high temperatures and limited oxygen produceshydrogen rich gas

Heat

GT

BiogasPLUS


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Anaerobic Digestion

Anaerobic Digestion is a process whereorganic waste such as animal manure, leaves,trees, and other materials decompose or rot ina container with no oxygen.

The microbes or bacteria that make the wastematerial decompose or rot, grow and create

methane and carbon dioxide.

DIGESTION ANIMAL WASTE


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Mixing Tank

RecycledWater

Reserve

Tank

ActivatedAnaerobic

Process

AnaerobicCompostSettling

Tank

Gas

Cleanup

MethaneRich Gas

Compressionand Delivery

G

DIGESTION ANIMAL WASTE

T

Biofuel

Bacteria, in an oxygen-starved environment

can produce methane.

Methane Collector

DIGESTION LANDFILL WASTE


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DIGESTION LANDFILL WASTE

Landfill

ActivatedAnaerobicProcess

GasCollection

GasCleanup

Bacteria, in an oxygen-starvedenvironment can produce

methane.

Bacteria

Clean Methane can be put into gas pipelines and

used like natural gas

GasPipeline


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PYROLYSIS Rapid Thermal Gasification


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PYROLYSIS Rapid Thermal Gasification

Biomass

Pre-DryerRapid

High Heat

Bio-Oil

TG

Heating the biomass rapidly with no air canproduce pyrolysis oil and phenol oil,sometimes referred as bio-oil leaving charcoal.

RAPID THERMAL GASIFICATION


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produces more than you ever imagined..

AdhesivesFragrances

Flavorings

plus chemicals and fuels

Plastics

SOLID FUEL COMBUSTION


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SOLID FUEL COMBUSTION

Biomass + Heat Steam Energy Electricity

Biomass Furnace/BoilerSteamTurbine G

Electricity

Direct combustion of solid matter in aboiler to produce steam.

T

BIOGAS


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BIOGAS

OrganicWasteMaterial

+ Decomposition = Biogas

VegetationManure

SewageLandfill Garbage

Breaking down,

or changing,

from a solidinto a liquidor a gas

Methanerich

flammablegas

NATURE CREATES BIOGAS


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Nature creates biogasfrom rotting plants

around ponds andwetlands

As this methane gas is released into the atmosphere it creates an invisible

ceiling which traps the heat from the sun.

METHANE

RottingVegetation

MAN-MADE BIOGAS (LANDFILLS)


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To prevent methane fromescaping into theatmosphere, it is collectedand burned in a flare stack

Escaping methane candestroy nearby vegetation.

What else will we loseas a result of losingplants and trees?


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LANDFILL COLLECTOR

MAN-MADE BIOGAS (SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT)


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Sewage treatment plants clean

sewage waterproducing large amounts ofmethane

that can be flared or turned into electricity

Close-up of Flares

BIO-GAS DIGESTION PROCESS


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Produces Electricity and so much moreThe Anaerobic Digestion of

animal waste creates methane.

The remaining solids can be

used for:

Fertilizer

Animal bedding (sterilized of

all pathogens)

Gasification

Recycled Water can be used

for farming

BIO-GAS ANAEROBIC DIGESTER


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BIO GAS ANAEROBIC DIGESTER


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WHAT IS HYDROPOWER?

Hydro means water in Latin. It isthe most often used source of

renewable energy used to makeelectricity.

WATER


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Water is constantly moving through a cycle, evaporating from lakes, oceansand transpiration, forming clouds, then rain or snow which goes back downto the ocean and lakes.

WATER

Evaporation

Condensation

Lake

Rain

Transpiration is the evaporation of water into the atmosphere from the

leaves and stems of plants

Transpiration

HOW WAS HYDROPOWER USED IN THE PAST?


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For hundreds of years, moving water was used to turn woodenwheels that were attached to grinding wheels to grind flour or

corn. The Greeks used water wheels more than 2,000 years ago.These were known as water mills or grist mills.

Water can go over the top of the

wheel placed in the movingwater.

The flow of the waterturns the wheel at thebottom.

HOW A HYDROPOWER PLANT WORKS


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Water goes to Shaft andTurbine Wheel

2

2. Which then goes to a Turbine Wheel

Intake towers

1

1. Water goes into the Penstock Pipe at high

speed through the Intake Towers

Generators3

3. The Turbine Wheel spins the rotor to the Generator

and makes AC electricity,

4. The electricity goes to the electrical grid to be used in

your home, in stores and in manufacturing plants.

Electric Grid

4


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Renewable Energy Discussion

How easy is it to get renewable energy as

an electricity source to your home?Will it be available 24 hours per day?

Will your lifestyle change?

Pros and Cons of Renewable Energy


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PRO CONContinuousAbundantPortableModular

Need storage,Peaks at solar noon,Most expensive of renewable energy

sources

Solar

Cheapest of therenewable energiestoday

Not always near transmissionlines

intermittent power

Wind

Can provide heat andcooling

Continuous

Not always near transmission linesNot portable

Geothermal

Pros and Cons of Renewable Energy


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Biomass

Biogas

Hydropower

Can be transportedto a generator for acontinuous source ofenergy

Always accessible,can provide energy 24hours per day

Distance to the fuelNot always accessible

Sources are limited in size

PRO CON

InexpensiveNo PollutionLakes and reservoirs

can be used forrecreation

Dam construction is expensiveDamming rivers causes changes in

ecological cycles and surrounding

landscapesThere are a limited number offeasible sites for large dams

ANSWERS


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ANSWERS


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grade renewable energy sources

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