grade 4 unit p.2 - heat and temperature heat and temperature · grade 4 unit p.2 - heat and...

Grade 4 Unit P.2 - Heat and Temperature

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Heat and

Temperature


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By the end of this unit you should know:

The difference between heat and temperature. How to measure the temperature. Things will either warm up or cool down to match the

temperature of there surrounding Substances are different in their conducting and

insulating properties.

Curriculum Standards: 4.14.1, 4.14.2

Is it hot or not?

Collect three bowls of water; fill the first one with warm

water, the second one with tap water. Fill the last bowl with

ice cold water. و ائ , االوي تاء دافئائ اىػاء , ارغ حالث اوػح ااء

. و ائ اىػاء اخاج تاء خذ, اىػاء اخا تاء احفح

Predict which bowl is the coldest. How do you know? تىلغ ا وػاء

هى االتشد؟

Test each bowl carefully with your hands. Were you right?

Put the bowls starting with the hottest. ه , اختثش و وػاء تإعتخذا اذ

. وات تىلؼاته صححح؟ ستة االوػح اتتذاء االعخ


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We use our sense of touch to find out how hot our surrounding

is. You can feel the temperature of water because the heat

flowed from the three bowls to your hand. ح غتخذ حاعح اظ

تمت االوػح ج حشاسج ااء ال احشاسج اتغتطغ ا تشؼش تذسد, تؼشف ػ حشاسج احط

اخالث ا ذن

.

Now put one hand in the iced water, and the other hand in

the warm water, for about a minute. Take them out and put

your both hands in the third bowl. Record what do you

observe?

We feel the heat with our hand but sometimes our sense can be

fooled. ذج دلمح ، ح اسفغ ذ واحذج ف ااء اخذ، و اذ االخشي ف ااء اذافئ ظغ اال

. ػها ؼا ف اىػاء اخاج ، دو الحظاتهوال اذ و ض

Have you ever thought that you did not

need a coat, and then you found out

you were wrong?

Some times we need to know the exact

temperature of things.

To measure the temperature accurately we use a thermometer.

ماط دسرح احشاسج تذلح غتخذ ضا احشاسج

Predict the temperature of each bowl.

Heat is a flow of energy from warmer matter to cooler matter.

احشاسج ه اتماي اطالح اادج االدفئ ادج االتشد


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Check your predictions by using a thermometer.

Record your results in the table.

How close were your estimates?

Bowl

Estimated

Temperature

Measured

temperature

1

2

3

Measuring temperature لاط دسرح احشاسج

The temperature can be estimated using our sense of touch.

In order to measure the temperature accurately we use the

thermometer. وماط دسرح احشاسج تذلح . ى تىلغ دسرح احشاسج تاعتخذا حاعح اظ

. تغتخذ ضا احشاسج

Comparing heat and temperature ماسح احشاسج و دسرح احشاسج

Heat, a flow of energy from warmer matter to cooler matter.

Temperature is the measure of how hot or cold something is.

احشاسج ه اتماي اطالح اادج االدفئ ا اادج االتشد اا دسرح احشاسج ه ماط ذسرح احشاسج

.او اثشودج شء

Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is. شئ دسرح احشاسج ه لاط مذاس احشاسج او اثشودج


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Key Words:

Heat

احشاسج

Temperature

دسرح احشاسج

Thermometer

ضا احشاسج

Key idea

How hot or cold something is, is called

temperature.

دج ه دسرح احشاسج ماط شذج احشاسج او اثشو

We can measure the temperature using

a thermometer.

غتطغ لاط دسرح احشاسج تاعتخذا ضا احشاسج

Heat, a flow of energy from warmer matter

to cooler matter.

تشد احشاسج ه اتماي اطالح اادج االدفئ ا اادج اال

Key Questions

1. What is the difference between heat and temperature?

ا هى افشق ت احشاسج و دسرح احشاسج؟

--------------------------------------------------

-

--------------------------------------------------

-What should we use to measure the temperature?

زا زة ا غتخذ ماط دسرح احشاسج؟

--------------------------------------------------

-----


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Standard number: 4.14.2, 4.14.3

Don’t let it get cold

1. Imagine a hot dinner on a cold day. What happens to it if you

don’t eat it straight away? ، تخ ى اه تشوت اغذاء اغاخ فتشج ف ى تاسد

ارا عحذث؟

2. Imagine a cold drink on a hot day. What will happen to it if

you leave it for a long time before you drink it?

Does the temperature of something hot or cold change to be more

like the temperature of its surrounding?

شئ احاس او اثاسد تصثح الشب ذسرح حشاسج احط ؟ ه تتغش دسرح حشاسج ا

Activity:

You will need:

3 thermometers

A bowl of iced water

A bowl of tap water


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A bowl of warm water

Estimate and then measure the temperature of the water in each

of the three bowls. Record your measurements.

. تىلغ ح لظ دسرح احشاسج اء ف و االوػح اخالث ، دو لاعاته

Bowl

1 2 3

Estimated

temperature

دسرح احشاسج

اتىلؼح

Measured

temperature

دسرح احشاسج اماعح

Temperature

after 10 min.

10د دسرح احشاسج تغ

دلائك

Temperature

after 20 min.

20دسرح احشاسج تؼذ

دلمح

Temperature

after 30 min.

30دسرح احشاسج تؼذ

دلمح

3. What do you predict the temperature of the water in the

three bowls will be in one hour’s time? Explain your prediction.

-------------------------------------------------.


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4. Leave the bowls for 10 minutes. Take the temperatures again.

And after 20 minutes and 30 minutes.

5. What do you notice? Can you explain what happened?

------------------------------------------------------------------------.

6. Take the thermometer out and dry it.

Leave it in the room for about 15 minutes.

What is the temperature? ------------------------

7. What do you notice about the temperature

Of the bowls and the room? -----------------.

Anything that is at a different temperature from it's surrounding

will change temperature over time. If left long enough, it will

either warm up or cool down to match the temperature of all other

things around it, including the air.

Both the hot dinner and the cold drink will end up at the

temperature of the surrounding air.

وارا تشن ذج , ا شئ دسرح حشاسته ختفح ػ دسرح حشاسج احط عتتغشدسرح حشاسته غ اىلت

. اطىي عتتغش حشاسته تصثح الشب ذسرح حشاسج احط تا فه اهىاء


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Measuring the temperature in the classroom during day and night

Give us this graph.

لاط دسرح احشاسج ف اغشفح اصفح خالي اهاس و ا ؼطا اشع اثا اتا

Key Question

Explain why energy flows from the outside air into the inside of a

refrigerator. ا تتم احشاسج اهىاء خاسد اخالرح ا داخ اخالرح؟ فغش ار

---------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------- ----------------------

Key Words:

Surrounding

احط

Key idea

Over time, every material will become the

same temperature as its surrounding.

ا ادج عتصثح دسرح حشاستها شاتهح ذسرح , غ شوس اىلت

. حشاسج احط


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Standard number:4.14.4

Materials that allow heat to pass through them easily are called

thermal conductors. ىصح حشاسجاىاد ات تغح تشوس احشاسج تغهىح تغ

Metals and glass are good thermal conductors. صح رذج واؼاد و اضراد

حشاسج

Some materials do not conduct heat well. They are called thermal

insulators. ػاصح حشاسج تؼط اىاد ال تىص احشاسج تغ ىاد

Materials such as plastics, wood, wool and air are good thermal

insulators. اهىاء ىاد ػاصح حشاسج اىاد خ اثالعته و اخشة واصىف و

Activity

You will need

Three cups made from different materials

Thermometers

Hot water

1. Fill the cups with hot water.

2. Measure the temperature of the cups.

3. After 15 minutes measure the temperature again.

4. Record your results what do you observe


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Cup

1 2 3

Temperature

Temperature

after 15

minutes

Which material would you choose for a cup of tea? Why?

ىاد اغاتمح عىف تختاس ىىب اشا؟ارا؟ ايا

Think about it?

Five glasses containing water at 60˚C were each wrapped in a

different material. After 10 minutes, the water temperature in

each glass was recorded. The results are shown in the table below.

Which material would you choose to wrap around a water pipe in

winter to stop the water from freezing? Explain why.

. ااتة ااء ف فص اشتاء تح ااء اتزذ؟ فغش اراتتها اىاد عىف تختاس تغف

--------------------------------------------------------------------------


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Some materials conduct heat very well. سج تشى رذ تؼط اىاد تىص احشا

Think of a metal spoon that That is why saucepans are

has been left in a steaming made from metals: they

cup of coffee-it gets very hot ! heat up quickly. However

Metals are materials that the handles are usually conduct

heat well. made from another material

سجاؼاد ه ىاد ىصح رذج حشا Such as plastic or wood,

because they are insulators.

اثالعته و اخشة ه ىاد ػاصح حشاسج


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Key Questions

1. Which of these cups is made from an insulating material?

ا اىىت صىع ىاد ػاصح ؟

2. Design a cup for keeping drinks cold in hot weather. Think about

where the heat can get in. How can you slow this down?

.و وف تغتطغ ا تم ره, فىش ا صذس احشاسج. ص وىب ثم اغىائ تاسدج ف اطمظ احاس

Key Words:

Thermal conductor

ىصح حشاسج

Thermal insulator

حشاسج ػاصح

Key idea

Materials that allow heat to pass

through them easily are called thermal

conductors.

اىاد ات تغح تشوس احشاسج تغهىح تغ ىاد

ىصح حشاسج

Some materials do not conduct heat

well. They are called thermal

insulators.

.اىاد ات التغح تشوس احشاسج تغ ىاد ػاصح

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