GPS and RFIDBy: Merna A and Sara K

What is GPS?

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a navigational system involving satellites and computers that can determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth by computing the time difference for signals from different satellites to reach the receiver. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver.

Most GPS units will provide you with some standard and useful information:

· An Odometer (Distance you have travelled)· Time you have been traveling· A Speedometer (How fast you are currently traveling)· Average speed for the journey· A map of you trail so far· E.T.A (Estimated time of arrival)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wi_3XwkA8cQ&feature=related

How does it work?

GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit signal information to earth. GPS receivers take this information and use triangulation to calculate the user's exact location. Essentially, the GPS receiver compares the time a signal was transmitted by a satellite with the time it was received. The time difference tells the GPS receiver how far away the satellite is. Now, with distance measurements from a few more satellites, the receiver can determine the user's position and display it on the unit's electronic map. A GPS receiver must be locked on to the signal of at least three satellites to calculate a 2D position (latitude and longitude) and track movement. With four or more satellites in view, the receiver can determine the user's 3D position (latitude, longitude and altitude). Once the user's position has been determined, the GPS unit can calculate other information, such as speed, bearing, track, trip distance, distance to destination, sunrise and sunset time and more.

Devices used (gps)

•GPS Satellites•GPS Receiver•GPS tracking device•Internet connection

What is GPS Used For?

Agriculture & Farming

Auto Sales & Rentals

Bus & Taxi

Camera & Photography

Emergency Response

Fishing

Fleet Management & Tracking

Kids and Pets

Law Enforcement & Police

Recreation

Science Field Work

Sports

http://www.mapwatch.com/gps/gps-use.shtml

GPS Social/ethical issues

• Reliability (Orbital error , Clock errors , Multipath errors , Receiver Noise)

• Security and Privacy• People and Machines http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpPwMu3foGg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHGKrqTU6ms&feature=related

What is RFID? Radio Frequency Identification A technology similar in theory to bar

code identification.

How rfid worksThe tag is made up from a chip and an antenna. The tag uses radio wave to carry the data, the tag is able to convert it into power.

Battery assisted tags are just like passive tags, but they have a battery to provide the power to the chip.

The antenna in a tag is the physical interface for the RF to be received and transmitted.Low frequency tags often use coils of wire, whereas high frequency tags are usually printed with conducting inks.

The tag talks to the interrogator using what is called the air-interface. This is a specification for how they talk to each other and includes the frequency of the carrier.

Where it’s used

RFID systems can be used anywhere that a unique identification system is needed. The tag can carry information as simple as a pet owners name and address or the cleaning instruction on a sweater to as complex as instructions on how to assemble a car.

• Toll roads• Products in stores• Library items(books, CDs, DVDs)• E-Passports• Ski resorts http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/articleview/8335

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EgNxsahJUiw&feature=related

http://www.abc-7.com/Global/story.asp?S=14368365

RFID social/ ethical issues

Privacy, Security and Reliability The owner of an item will not necessarily be aware of the

presence of an RFID tag and the tag can be read at a distance without the knowledge of the individual, it becomes possible to gather sensitive data about an individual without consent. (ex. RFID embedded in products)

Tags may be read at longer ranges than they are designed for by increasing reader power.

Pose a risk to both personal location privacy and corporate/military security

Temperature exposure - RFID tags are created by gluing an integrated circuit (IC) to an inlay. This poses a problem as vibration and high temperatures will loosen the connection. If the IC loses connection with the inlay, the RFID tag will no longer transmit.

Encryption in chips can be broken (