government of makueni county department of lands, … · sultan hamud urban land use plan...

GOVERNMENT OF MAKUENI COUNTY

DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, MINING, PHYSICAL PLANNING & URBAN

DEVELOPMENT

P.O BOX 78 – 90300, MAKUENI

SULTAN HAMUD URBAN LAND USE PLAN

(2017-2022)

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PLAN APPROVAL

This plan has been prepared and published as per the requirements of the Urban Areas and Cities

Act, County Government Act, Planning Standards and Guidelines.

CERTIFIED BY:

County Director In-Charge of Land Use Planning.

Signature ……………………………………………..Date………………………………….

REVIEWED BY:

Chief Officer In-Charge of Land Use Planning.

Signature ……………………………………………. Date………………………………….

RECOMMENDED BY:

CECM In-Charge of Land Use Planning.

Signature ……………………………………………. Date………………………………….

APPROVED BY

MAKUENI COUNTY ASSEMBLY

HANSARD No…………………………………

Signature ……………………………………………. Date………………………………….

The Governor

Prof. Kivutha Kibwana

Departmental Reference No. _____________________

Approved Development Plan No. ____________________

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... ii

TABLE OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................. v

LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................... v

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................... vi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background of the plan ....................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Vision statement ................................................................................................................................. 2

1.3 Mission ................................................................................................................................................ 2

1.4 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................ 2

1.5 Scope of the plan ................................................................................................................................. 2

1.6 Principles of the plan ........................................................................................................................... 3

1.7 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 4

1.8 Outline of the plan. ............................................................................................................................. 5

CHAPTER TWO: PLANNING CONTEXT ................................................................................................. 6

2.1 Location and context ........................................................................................................................... 6

2.2 Legal and Policy Context ...................................................................................................................... 7

2.2.1 The Constitution of Kenya (2010) ................................................................................................. 7

2.2.2 Sustainable development goals (SDGs) ........................................................................................ 7

2.2.3 Vision 2030 (GOK, 2007) ............................................................................................................... 8

2.2.4 Sessional Paper No 3, The National Land policy (2009) ............................................................... 8

2.2.5 The Physical Planning Act of 1996 (Cap 286) ............................................................................... 9

2.2.6 The urban areas and cities Act, No 13 of 2011............................................................................. 9

2.2.7 National Land Commission Act (No. 5 of 2012).......................................................................... 10

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2.2.8 County Governments Act (No. 13 of 2012) ................................................................................ 11

2.2.9 Environmental Management and Coordination Act of 1999 ..................................................... 12

2.2.10 Makueni County Vision 2025.................................................................................................... 12

2.2.11 National urban development policy ......................................................................................... 13

2.3 Stakeholder Concerns........................................................................................................................ 13

CHAPTER THREE: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS ......................................................................................... 15

3.1 Population and Demographics .......................................................................................................... 15

3.1.1 Mortality rate .............................................................................................................................. 16

3.1.2 Birthrate and Death rate .............................................................................................................. 16

3.1.3 Fertility rate ................................................................................................................................ 16

3.1.4 Population growth rate ............................................................................................................... 16

3.1.5 Migration .................................................................................................................................... 17

3.1.6 Sex composition ......................................................................................................................... 17

3.2 Physiographic dynamics .................................................................................................................... 18

3.2.1 Topography................................................................................................................................. 18

3.2.2 Ecological conditions .................................................................................................................. 18

3.2.3 Climatic Conditions ..................................................................................................................... 18

3.3 Land Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 18

3.3.1 Land Tenure ......................................................................................................................... 18

3.3.2 Existing Land Use(s) ............................................................................................................. 18

3.4 Economy- Industry, Agriculture, Commerce ..................................................................................... 24

3.4.1 Financial Services ........................................................................................................................ 24

3.4.2 Agriculture .................................................................................................................................. 24

3.4.3 Commerce .................................................................................................................................. 25

3.4.4 Mining ......................................................................................................................................... 26

3.4.5 Quarrying .................................................................................................................................... 26

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3.4.6 Fisheries ...................................................................................................................................... 26

3.5 Transportation and Communication ................................................................................................. 26

3.5.1 Transport .................................................................................................................................... 26

3.5.2 Communication and Telecommunications ................................................................................. 27

3.6 Infrastructure Services ...................................................................................................................... 27

3.6.1 Water .......................................................................................................................................... 27

3.6.2 Energy ......................................................................................................................................... 28

3.6.3 Waste water management ......................................................................................................... 28

3.7 Urbanization ...................................................................................................................................... 28

3.11 Governance ..................................................................................................................................... 29

3.11.1 Gender ...................................................................................................................................... 29

3.11.2 Legislation and Enforcement .................................................................................................... 29

3.11.3 Urban Management. ................................................................................................................ 29

CHAPTER FOUR: SYNTHESIS ............................................................................................................. 30

4.1 Development challenges, opportunities and alternative interventions ........................................... 30

4.2 Alternative interventions .................................................................................................................. 32

CHAPTER FIVE: PLAN PROPOSALS STRATEGIES AND MEASURES ......................................................... 34

5.1 Town structure plan .......................................................................................................................... 34

5.2 Strategies and measures ................................................................................................................... 34

5.2.1 Transport and Infrastructure Services strategies ....................................................................... 34

5.2.2 Environmental Strategies ........................................................................................................... 37

5.2.3 Economic and Investment Strategies ......................................................................................... 39

CHAPTER SIX: ACTION PLANS ........................................................................................................... 40

CHAPTER SEVEN: IMPLEMENTATION MATRIX ................................................................................... 43

CHAPTER EIGHT: FINANCING STRATEGY ............................................................................................ 45

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TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1 A Google image showing the location of Sultan Hamud town ....................................................... 6

Figure 2 ward poupulation .......................................................................................................................... 16

Figure 3 voter poulation .............................................................................................................................. 17

Figure 4 Main source of livelihood ............................................................................................................. 26

Figure 5 Structure plan ................................................................................................................................ 34

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 population and vital statstics .......................................................................................................... 15

Table 2 urban population ............................................................................................................................. 15

Table 3 Population projections of Sultan-Hamud town. ............................................................................. 17

Table 4 health facilities ............................................................................................................................... 19

Table 5 heath personnel ............................................................................................................................... 20

Table 6:Demographic Dividend .................................................................................................................. 21

Table 7 Education Institution ...................................................................................................................... 22

Table 8 Primary school data ........................................................................................................................ 22

Table 9 Secondary school data .................................................................................................................... 23

Table 10 Tertiary institution ........................................................................................................................ 23

Table 11 Demographic dividend on Education ........................................................................................... 24

Table 12 Crop farming ................................................................................................................................ 25

Table 13 Source of livelihood ..................................................................................................................... 25

Table 14 Fisheries ....................................................................................................................................... 26

Table 15 Water and Sanitation .................................................................................................................... 28

Table 16 Electricity connection ................................................................................................................... 28

Table 17 Development challenges, opportunities and alternative interventions ......................................... 31

Table 18 Alternative interventions .............................................................................................................. 33

Table 19 Action plans .................................................................................................................................. 42

Table 20 Implementation Matrix ................................................................................................................. 44

Table 21 Financing mechanism ................................................................................................................... 47

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

CBD: Central Business District

ECDE: Early Childhood Development Education

EMCA: Environmental Management and Coordination Act

GOK: Government of Kenya

NEMA: National Environmental Management Authority

NLP: National Land Policy

NMT: Non-Motorized Transport

NUDP: National Urban Development Policy

SGR: Standard Railway Gauge

UACA: Urban Areas and Cities Act

UNEP: United Nations Environmental Programme

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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the plan

This planning report has been prepared in response to the requirement for preparation of Sultan

Hamud Urban Land Use Plan (2017– 2022) of Sultan-Hamud. The town Sultan-Hamud derives its

name from Sultan Ali Hamud who ruled Zanzibar from 1902-1911; who had camped in the town

when the construction of the Railway had reached the town to see its progress. The town lies within

Kilome Sub-County of Makueni County.

The town is located 109 Km from Nairobi and 373 Km from Mombasa. A great potentiality of the

town lies in that it lies 50 Km from the proposed site for Konza Techno City. The town is Located

along the main Mombasa-Nairobi Highway and adjacent to the Mombasa-Nairobi railway and

also the Standard Gauge Railway Passes near the town which gives the town a great restructuring

element and a pool of potential for investment in the ICT industry.

The Urban Land Use Plan of Sultan-Hamud Town was prepared as confined by the guidelines and

on the legislative framework and regulations that control a holistic process of planning. The

regulations are thereby guided by the following legislations of County Government Act (2012),

Urban Areas and Cities Act (2011) and other relevant laws that guide and control land use planning

and land resource use and management.

The planning proposals for Sultan-Hamud Town were geared towards realization and recognition

of Socio-Economic status upon providence of action areas to act as pillars and guides for

development realization and attainment.

The plan thus identifies; the planning challenges, the available resources, current management

strategies anticipating identifying means for intervention, seek relevant alternatives and come up

with relevant and most effective action plans for the town. Therefore upon and under consideration

of the planning principles for attainment of the perceived product of the holistic planning process

of the town is the resultant of a full inclusive process of the entire town’s community through a

transparent participatory and informative process.

The town is set to be the industrial zone for the County Government of Makueni. This necessitates

for the need to plan the town. Nevertheless the towns land use plan with resultant effect on the land

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use management, need to establish a guide to management committees for the town, the

deteriorating status of the town with some areas developing to squalor and decay, service provision

like water and waste management, the congestion especially along the main highway by long haul

trucks and provision for street lighting. Coupled on these the Standard Gauge Railway that passes

the town would require in place a plan that would control the land use pattern.

1.2 Vision statement

Sultan- Hamud town as an industrial and investment Hub for Makueni County.

1.3 Mission

The Mission of this plan is to: have a spatial framework to guide development of Sultan Hamud

Town

1.4 Objectives

1. To develop land use plan to enhance development control and to manage land of the

town.

2. To identify the resources base in the area for effective planning.

3. To open up the town and increase accessibility

4. To create strategies for resource utilization, mobilization and intervention.

5. To form criterion for prioritization for funding from both the government and the private

sectors on identified projects for development.

6. To regulate vehicle congestion and seek alternative intervention especially along the main

highway traversing the town.

7. To have a proper mechanism of management and governance for the town.

8. To improve and necessitate modalities for security and service provision.

9. To control environmental decay and pollution

10. To have a clear path line for handling both solid and liquid waste

11. To provide and develop sustainable human environmental and resource system;

1.5 Scope of the plan

The Sultan-Hamud Integrated Urban Development Plan covers five years 2016-2021; however

upon inception the plan would be subjected to annual reviews. The plan initiation for function

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within the time frame of five years of which upon expiry of this period though supposedly is subject

to change but it can also be withheld to function for another term as it deems well to the

stakeholders. The plan covers the whole town boundary of an area of ……Ha.

The expected outputs of the whole planning process include:

A situational analysis of the current resource base of the Sultan-Hamud town;

Working on the widely accepted vision for the town’s development;

A detailed structure plan depicting specific land use and zoning regulations (code);

Sector strategies including transportation, investment/economic, settlement/housing

environmental management, disaster management and cultural heritage preservation plan;

1.6 Principles of the plan

i. Sustainable development: - the plan is enhancing sustainable utilization of resources for

the current generation without compromising the needs for future generation.

ii. Land use compatibility:-the plan encourages conformity of land uses to enhance order

and harmonious living conditions

iii. Equitable distribution of resource: - the plan aims at promoting equal distribution

resources and optimal use of natural resources.

iv. Enhanced accessibility:-the ULUP supports opening up of access roads and tarmacking

of existing all-weather roads to other nodes.

v. Environmental conservation:–the ULUP for Emali town promotes environmental

sustainability balancing, social, economic and environmental needs;

vi. Promote aesthetics:–the ULUP for Emali supports establishment of landscaping of the

town to ensure aesthetic impression and beauty is restored.

vii. Inclusivity- Multi-sectorial, multidisciplinary and participatory approach: - The plan

follows all-inclusive process. It requires that all stakeholder groups are represented: local

direct and indirect users, public authorities, private investors, NGOs and CBOs.

viii. Land use balance: –The plan will ensure equity and adequate allocation of land uses

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1.7 Methodology

The planning process was informed by the following stages;

i. Identification of the need to plan

Profiling involved holding meetings with the relevant authorities such as; the physical Planning

department and representatives from the local community. During reconnaissance the consultants

were able to acquaint themselves with the planning area, and the planning issues requiring

intervention. A detailed situational analysis was done taking to consideration the anticipated

population growth, needs assessment, scope and reconnaissance survey.

ii. First Stakeholders Meeting

This involved delineating the planning area, constitution of project management committee and

stakeholder analysis The stakeholders were drawn from various groups that included; business

community, the informal (jua-kali) sector, neighborhood associations, religious associations, civil

society, service providers, Industrial sector, education and health institutions, local authority,

relevant government departments (Lands, survey, planning, public health, public works, water,

environment, agriculture etc). The stakeholders were also informed on the need to plan the

Municipality.

iii. Issuance of intention to plan notice to the public

Notification for intent to plan Sultan Hamud was made in the print media by the Director in-charge

of land use planning, County Government of Makueni. The advert was also used as part of

sensitization and awareness to members of the public. The publication was done in two local

dailies. (Daily Nation and Taifa Leo)

iv. Base map preparation

This involved picking and plotting of all existing property boundaries, natural features, public

utilities, physical and social infrastructure.

v. Primary and secondary data collection

Several methods of data collection were used in preparation of this plan. This include observation,

focused group discussions, interviews, photography, imagery, baseline information (population,

economic base, infrastructure, existing land uses) and existing literature.

vi. Data analysis, interpretation and presentation

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Descriptive methods of analysis aided with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was

used. Analyzed data was presented in the form of maps, simple frequency tables, charts,

photographs plates and figures.

vii. Preparation of the draft plan.

This involved preparation of draft Urban Land use Plan for Sultan Hamud that was eventually

presented to stakeholders’ workshop for deliberation and validation.

1.8 Outline of the plan.

After the introduction part the rest of this Proposals and Strategies Report (PSR) is organized as

follows:

Part II: Planning Context.

This gives the Details of the current situation in of the town giving the sectoral and thematic

constraints in the Town that limit or hold behind development for and environmentally sustainable

Town.

Part III: Situational Analysis

Gives the detail of the spatial development models.

Part IV Synthesis

Presents forth the strategies, measures, actions plans and implementation framework.

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CHAPTER TWO: PLANNING CONTEXT

2.1 Location and context

Sultan-Hamud which forms part of Makueni County in Kilome Sub-County, has been set as

industrial center for the Makueni county Government. The town is approximately 109 Kilometers

from Nairobi the capital of Kenya and is 373 Kilometers from Mombasa. The town is in Nzaui

Ward in Kilome Sub-county of Makueni County. The town is located on map approximate on

coordinate at the reference UTM: CT 17 the Geographical coordinates in decimal degrees

(WGS84) of the town are Latitude:-2.017 and Longitude:-37.367; While in degrees minutes

seconds is Latitude:-2 01’00” and Longitude: 37 22’00” and at elevation of about 600-700 metres

above sea level. The town is located along the main Mombasa-Nairobi Highway traverses the town

as well as the recently constructed Standard Railway Gauge (SGR).

Figure 1 A Google image showing the location of Sultan Hamud town

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2.2 Legal and Policy Context

This section reviews relevant policy and legal instruments that guide the preparation of integrated

development plans in Kenya. Only relevant sections are reviewed as they relate to planning and

this is carried out in the sections that follow.

2.2.1 The Constitution of Kenya (2010)

Chapter five of the constitution covers the section of land and the environment. Subsection 67(h)

gives mandate to the National Land Commission to have oversight responsibility over land use

planning throughout the country (GOK, 2010). In section 66(i), the constitution provides that the

state may regulate the use of any land or any interest in or right over any land in the interest of

defense, public safety, public order, public morality, public health or land use planning. In section

69 (i) the state shall ensure to achieve and maintain a tree cover of at least 10% of the land area in

Kenya. Every person has a duty to cooperate with state organs and other persons to protect and

conserve the environment and ensure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural

resources. In the current legal provisional provided under the Physical Planning Act, plan

preparation is the responsibility of the Director of Physical Planning. This responsibility could still

be in the same institution of the Director. However a new provision in the new dispensational order

is that the National Land Commissioner shall have the oversight responsibility over land use

planning and this means that the Director of Physical Planning shall either work under the National

Land Commissioner or shall report to the National Land Commissioner. The second point to note

is that the government places high regard for land use planning and therefore the government shall

regulate any land for the sake of planning. This means that no land is exempted from the subject

of planning. Thirdly, the issue of the environment is given high priority and therefore the

government intends to raise forest cover in the country to at least 10%. The overall preparation of

this plan should be seen in the context of supporting the provisions of the constitution.

2.2.2 Sustainable development goals (SDGs)

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build upon the progress of the Millennium

Development Goals (MDGs), which were agreed by governments in 2001 and expired in 2015.

While the MDGs focused on reducing extreme poverty in all its forms (currently SDG 1), the SDGs

pursue a broader agenda that encompasses the social, environmental and economic aspects of

sustainable development, which is relevant for all countries worldwide. Goal 11 seeks to make

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cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. The SDGs come into effect

in a world that is increasingly urban. A little over half the global population now lives in cities and

this figure is projected to grow to two-thirds of the global population by 2050. For cities and

municipalities that are working to improve the quality of life in urban environments, the SDGs

provide a roadmap for more balanced and equitable urban development. The mounting challenges

posed by climate change, environmental degradation, food security, and civil unrest and violence,

need different development solutions from those of the previous century. The SDGs offer a set of

integrated objectives which can help to bring about a more sustainable vision of urban

development, one that provides equal opportunities to all inhabitants, promotes healthy living

environments with access to green spaces, and is resilient in the face of everyday disasters and

climate risks.

2.2.3 Vision 2030 (GOK, 2007)

Vision 2030 envisages attaining three pillars: the economic pillar, the social pillar and the political

pillar. In section 5.4 of vision 2030, under the economic pillar, the policy states that Kenya aims to

increase forest cover from 3-4% and reduce environmental related diseases. The state shall address

issues of climate change and disaster preparedness, solid waste management and water catchments

protection and management. In section 5.5.vision 2030 talks of housing and urbanization. The

section acknowledges that the planning of towns is in a sorry state and recommends high quality

urban planning and in particular says ‘’there is an acute need, for an effective capacity for regional

and urban development planning, starting with adequate housing for those now living in slums.

Vision 2030 therefore is in consonance with the letter and spirit of the constitution and in particular

aims to support urban planning initiatives and support environmental conservation through

increased forest cover. The preparation of Integrated Development Plan has attempted to fulfill

the two objectives of the constitution and vision 2030 through the preparation of the environmental

conservation strategy and the overall plan which aims to promote harmonized development.

2.2.4 Sessional Paper No 3, The National Land policy (2009)

In section 24 and 25,the National Land Policy (NLP) recognizes that rapid urbanization, general

disregard for land use planning regulations and multiplicity of legal regimes related to land has

impacted among other things 25 (h) uncontrolled development, urban squalor and environmental

pollution. In section 39 the NLP provides that in order to establish a firm foundation for land policy

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reform, the constitution respect the following principles (g) regulation of the use of all categories

of land in the public interest. 3.2.1 Regulation of property rights: In section 51, the NLP provides

that the government shall (a) align the power of development control with new categories of land

ownership (coverage) (b) Empower all planning institutions in the country to regulate the use of

land taking into account the public interest(c) Harmonize the institutional framework for

development control (d) establish development control standards procedures and practices (e)

ensure effective enforcement of development control etc. The NLP takes cognizance of the

important role of planning promises to deal with land tenure policies which make planning

ineffective. Two, the NLP aims to harmonize the institutional issues in order to promote land use

planning through the mandate of police. While planning, it was recognized that most of the land is

either trust land (now communal) or private. The plan proposals are therefore made on land not

available for the purpose for which the plan has proposed. It is envisaged however that the

government can still use the mandate of police power and eminent domain provided for in the

constitution to bring the plan into fruition as promised in the NLP.

2.2.5 The Physical Planning Act of 1996 (Cap 286)

Part IV of the Physical Planning Act, sections 16-28, provides for the preparation, purposes, and

implementation of physical development plans and for connected purposes. The provisions of this

Act apply to all parts of the country and in all land tenure systems except such areas that the

minister may by notice in the gazette specify. The Act further empowers the Local Authorities

(County government) to regulate and exercise control over Physical development decisions and

activities within their area of jurisdiction in accordance to the approved Physical development plan.

It should be noted however that this statute has not been effective on land tenure areas such as rural

freehold land. It should also be noted that the new constitution, Sessional paper No 3 , the National

Land policy, Urban areas and cities Act (2011), County Government Act (2012) and the Land Act

(2012) herald a new land administration and a new institutional arrangement which shall require

the Physical Planning Act to be reviewed as well.

2.2.6 The urban areas and cities Act, No 13 of 2011

The important provision in this Act is that upon its enactment and adoption, the Local Government

Act (cap 265) shall be repealed. Part iv of the Act provides that urban areas and cities shall be

managed by a board appointed by the county executive committee and others nominated by the

professional bodies for 5 years. Small towns shall be run by a committee appointed by a governor

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and approved by the county assembly. Section 36(1) provides that every city and municipality shall

operate within the framework of integrated development planning which shall give effect to

development of urban areas and be a basis of development control.

Section 36(2) provides that an integrated urban or city development plan shall bind, guide and

inform all development and decisions and ensure comprehensive inclusion of all functions.

Section 36 (3) A county government shall initiate an urban planning process for every settlement

with a population of at least 2,000 residents. Section 39 of the UACA provides for the process of

plan preparation and approval as follows: (i) A Municipal or city management board or a town

management committee shall within the first year of its election to office adopt a single, inclusive

strategic plan for the development of the city or urban areas for which its responsible (ii) A city or

urban area shall within 14 days of the adoption of the plan give notice to the public (iii) within a

period of 21 days, the city or municipal board or town management committee shall provide the

county executive committee with a copy of the integrated plan (iv) Within a period of 30 days, the

executive committee shall pass over the plan to the (v) county assembly for its scrutiny and

approval.

The Urban areas and Cities Act gives emphasis to the mandatory preparation of integrated urban

development plans by all city and Municipal councils to guide development in all the areas under

their jurisdiction. The LGA (CAP 265) has been repealed and replaced with Urban Areas and Cities

Act (2011) and the Governor shall initiate planning and plan shall be scrutinized by county

management Committee and approved by County Assembly.

2.2.7 National Land Commission Act (No. 5 of 2012)

Pursuant to Article 67(2) of the constitution, the functions of the Commission shall be:

(h) To monitor the oversight responsibilities over land use planning throughout the country.

This act insists and affirms what is in the constitution of Kenya under article (67) on the mandate

of the national land commission concerning land and planning there on. Some of this mandates are:

To manage public land on behalf of the national Government and county governments as

well as to recommend a national land policy to the national government;

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To advise the national government on The National Land Commission Act, 2012

comprehensive programme for the registration of title in land throughout Kenya.

They will be the watch dog of any planning work being carried out, by monitoring and

having oversight responsibilities over land use planning throughout the country.

ensure that public land and land under the management of designated state agencies are

sustainably managed for their intended purpose and for future generations;

Develop and maintain an effective land information management system at national and

county levels, also constitute a way to manage and administer all unregistered trust land

and unregistered community land on behalf of the County government.

Take any measures it considers necessary to ensure compliance with the principles of land

policy set out in Article 60 (1) of the Constitution

This, therefore points out the National Land Commission as a major stakeholder in

preparing of development plan by the fact that a big portion of the planning area is public

land.

2.2.8 County Governments Act (No. 13 of 2012)

This is act of parliament to give effect to chapter 11 of the Constitution of Kenya 2010. Section 5

(1) states that a county government shall be responsible for any function assigned to it under the

constitution or by an Act of Parliament. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), a

County Government shall be responsible for- (c) Functions provided for in Article 186 and assigned

in the Fourth Schedule of the Constitution;

Section 37 gives power to the county executive committee to;

a) Monitor the process of planning, formulation and adoption of the integrated development

plan by a city or municipality within the county;

b) Assist a city or municipality with the planning, formulation, adoption and review of its integrated

development plan;

c) Facilitate the coordination and alignment of integrated development plans of different cities

or municipalities within the county and within the plans, strategies and programmers of national

and county governments; and

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d) Take appropriate steps to resolve any disputes or difference in connection with the planning,

formulation, adoption or review of an integrated development plan.

2.2.9 Environmental Management and Coordination Act of 1999

‘An ACT of Parliament to provide for the establishment of an appropriate legal and institutional

framework for the management of the environment and for the matters connected therewith and

incidental thereto’

It aims at promoting a safe, clean and healthy environment. Section 4 provides for the establishment

of Environmental Conflict Management Authority, while Section 7 provides for the establishment

of National Environmental Management Authority. Section 58 of this Act requires that every

development project likely to have impacts on the environment to undergo an environmental

impact assessment before commencement of any works. According to the Act’s second schedule,

preparation of local physical development plans fall under the projects required to undergo

environmental impacts assessment.

2.2.10 Makueni County Vision 2025

Chapter four on Strategic approaches to economic transformation indicates that one strategic

approach to economic transformation is Enhanced Urban Planning and Infrastructural

Development. The County Government will:

Seek to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in physical planning, development control

services to ensure that all urban areas are planned, and that development plans are approved

for implementation.

Where the plans have already been approved, the County Government will continue to

implement those.

Develop the roads within urban centers, parking zones; develop a water and sewage system

and install lighting to increase hours of trading.

Develop a sewerage master plan.

Earmark public land for development of public utilities, and establishment of industrial

parks.

In this regard, the county government has prepared the development plan which if well

implemented will spur growth in economy and orderly use of land.

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2.2.11 National urban development policy

The preparation of a National Urban Development Policy is part of the Government’s efforts to

implement the provisions on urban development contained in the Constitution and in the Kenya

Vision 2030 – Kenya’s blueprint to become a middle-income country within two decades.

NUDP is expected to substantially contribute towards poverty reduction, economic growth, and

faster realization of Kenya’s Vision 2030. It was expected to be concluded within the first medium

plan of vision 2030(2008-2012) and implemented during the subsequent medium term plans. If

well implemented, the NUDP is expected to substantially contribute towards poverty reduction,

economic growth, and faster realization of Kenya’s Vision 2030 as broken down in medium term

plan. This will be guided by the themes addressed by the Policy which are: urban governance and

management; the urban economy; urban finance; national and County urban planning; land,

environment and climate change; social infrastructure and services; physical infrastructure and

services; urban housing; urban safety and disaster risk management; and marginalized and

vulnerable groups.

2.3 Stakeholder Concerns

The main concerns highlighted by stakeholders were:

Parking space

Dumping site

Uncontrolled development

Poor access roads/lanes

Poor drainage

Lack of sewerage system

Street lighting

Liquid and solid waste management

Market sites.

Motorized and non-motorized transport conflict

Street naming

Inadequate and safe water supply

Lack of industrial sites

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The challenges highlighted through the stakeholders forums are the key concerns that have given

rise to the following;

Environmental degradation

Distorting the order of settlement

Inefficient delivery and provision of services

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CHAPTER THREE: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

3.1 Population and Demographics

Sultan-Hamud has in the recent past years experienced an increased growth rate of above 3%. This

is the possibility of the main connector of the Nairobi-Mombasa highway and the Mombasa-

Nairobi railway. The new Standard Gauge Railway is the other key determinant of the increase in

the population.

Population and Vital Statistics

Population Census 2009 Projected 2015 Projected 2017

Total 38,348 41,684 42,859

Male 18,987 20,639 21,221

Female 19,361 21,045 21,638

Sex

Ratio(Female:Male)

102:100 93,400 93,567

Table 1 population and vital statstics

Census 2009 2015 Projected 2017 Projected

Urban Population

Female 1,812 1,971 1,999

Male 2,336 2,541 2,576

Total 4,118 4,512 4,575

Rural Population

Female 17,549 19,087 19,356

Male 16,651 18,110 18,365

Total 34,200 37,197 37,721

Table 2 urban population

16

Figure 2 ward poupulation

3.1.1 Mortality rate

Mortality rate is defines as the total number of deaths per 1000 of a population in a year. The

mortality rate (‘000) is 400 and infant mortality rate is 36 per 1,000 live births in Makueni County.

3.1.2 Birthrate and Death rate

The crude birth rate is the number of live births occurring among the population of a given

geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given

geographical area during the same year. Crude birth rate in Makueni county (‘000) is 36.2 while

the Crude death rate (‘000) is 11.9 which is slightly higher the national Crude death rate (‘000) of

10.4

3.1.3 Fertility rate

Total fertility rate is 5.1 children per woman, fertility is the key parameter that determines the size

and structure of a population. The county has a high fertility rate of 5 children per woman.

3.1.4 Population growth rate

The County’s population growth rate is 1.4% which is slower than the Country’s rate of 2.6 %.

This can be attributed to several development challenges such as scarce rural population, low

birthrate in the region, and economic and household lifestyle.

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

Census 2009 Projected 2015 Projected 2017

19

,36

1

21

,04

5

21

,63

8

18,9

87

20

,63

9

21

,22

1

Ward Population

Male

Female

17

3.1.5 Migration

According to the 2009 census, migration rate in Makueni County is 10.1% while the nation

migration rate is 20.9%. Migration of the population from rural to urban areas has increased due to

better economic, health, trade, education and cultural infrastructure in upcoming urban centers in

the county such as Sultan Hamud.

3.1.6 Sex composition

The female to male ratio in Makueni County 105:100. The ratio of female to male is vital for

development planning. It is important in monitoring various aspects of social development as they

relate to gender.

Population projections of Sultan-Hamud town.

Population Census 2009 Projected 2015 Projected 2017

Total 38,348 41,684 42,859

Male 18,987 20,639 21,221

Female 19,361 21,045 21,638

Sex

Ratio(Female:Male)

102:100

Table 3 Population projections of Sultan-Hamud town.

Figure 3 voter poulation

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

Year 2013 Projected 2015 Projected 2017

23

,13

9

25

,16

6 25,8

81

14,6

66

15

,95

1 16,4

04

Voter Population

Eligible Voting Population:

Total Registered Voters In The Ward:

18

3.2 Physiographic dynamics

3.2.1 Topography

At the reference UTM: CT 17 the Geographical coordinates in decimal degrees (WGS84) of the

town are Latitude:-2.017 and Longitude:-37.367; While in degrees minutes seconds is Latitude:-2

01’00” and Longitude: 37 22’00”

3.2.2 Ecological conditions

Sultan-Hamud has a tropical climate. In comparison the summers have high rainfall than the winter

The average annual rainfall is about 736 mm and average temperatures of 21.2 0 C. the driest

month of the year is July with 1 mm of precipitation, while in November precipitation reaches its

peak with an average of 173.

3.2.3 Climatic Conditions

The town of experiences a Tropical Savanna type of climate. It experiences two rain seasons; short

rains in November to December and Long Rains from March to May. It experiences temperatures

of above 21.20 C (70.2 F).

3.3 Land Analysis

3.3.1 Land Tenure

Categorically there are three types of land tenure in Kenya which are; Community Land, Private

Land and Public Land.

3.3.2 Existing Land Use(s)

The existing land use is majorly characterized of commercial developments which majority is

Hotels, Bars, Eateries and Joints. These developments are majorly concentrated along the main

corridor of the town which is the Mombasa-Nairobi highway. Sultan-Hamud town has various

areas that specifically provide following services which include educational, administration, public

purposes, public utilities transportation, recreational, residential and for commercial connected

purposes thereon.

The Nairobi-Mombasa highway, Mombasa-Nairobi railway and the Standard Gauge Railway make

a great influence to land use in the town. The proximal location to the proposed site for Konza

Techno City also is great areas of interest to land use in the town.

19

3.3.2.1 Administrative Offices

The town hosts a number of administrative offices which include chief’s office, CDF office for

kilome constituency, and NGO’S offices among others.

3.3.2.2 Health

The town has designated health facilities in place which are both public and private. They include

the following health facilities as in the below;

Health Statistic

Total Number of Public Health Facilities 7

Number of public health facilities connected to

electricity

6

Number of health facilities with piped water supply 3

Number of Sub County (Level 4) 1

Number of Hospitals (Missions/NGOs) 2

Number of Dispensaries/level 2 (public) 6

Number of Dispensaries (Missions/ NGOs) 2

Table 4 health facilities

Health Personnel

Health Personnel Statistics

Total number of medical personnel(all practitioners) 88

Total number of doctors in the ward 3

Doctor: Population ratio 1:13,895

Number of nurses in the ward 66

Nurse: Population ratio 1:632

Number of clinical officers in the ward 7

Dentist 1

Pharmacist 1

Lab technologist 3

20

Occupational therapist 1

Orthopedic technologists 1

Physiotherapists 2

Gynecologists (Roving) 1

Public Health Officers 7

Plaster Technician 1

Radiographer 1

Pharmaceutical Technologist 5

Records Officers 2

Table 5 heath personnel

Demographic Dividend Components

Demographic Dividend

Components

Indicators Makueni Kenya Targets/

Recommended

Doctor/Population

Ratio

1 : 22,712 1 : 5,678 1:10,000

Nurse/Population

Ratio

1 : 1,932 1 : 1,431 1:1000

No Type Sub

Location

Electricity

Connection

Bed

capacity

1. Public Sub County Hospital Yes 158

2. Public Dispensary Yes -

3. Public Dispensary No -

4. Public Dispensary Yes -

5. Private Clinic No -

6. Private Clinic No -

7. Private Clinic Yes -



21








17. Mission Dispensaries Yes -

Table 6:Demographic Dividend

3.3.2.3 Recreation

The town has designated zones for stadium, a Social hall Public Park(s) and Open Spaces though

they are not developed. Alternatively the town uses the playing fields in the local schools which

include Joana Chase Secondary and Mtito Primary schools

3.3.2.4 Industrial

The town is set to be one of the Industrial Zones in Makueni County and therefore would much

provision for the much anticipated vision for the town. The town has no major industrial zones

though with a great industrial potential. With GZ an Nigerian Company proposing to set a Hides

Industry in the town would need much provision for the allocation of land in the town

3.3.2.5 Residential

The town has developments that are for residential purposes serving the most of travelers. Though

much of developments are of mixed use development with commercial purposes and residential

purposes.

3.3.2.6 Religious Institutions

Sultan-Hamud town has both the Muslims and Christians sects of worship. There is a mosque just

directly opposite of the Nairobi stage. There are several churches in the town of various

denominations.

3.3.2.7 Education Institutions

Pre- school: Statistic

22

Number of public ECDE schools in 2015 52

Number of Private ECDE centres in 2015 12

Total ECDE Centres in 2015 64

Enrolment in public ECDE schools 2,016

Enrolment in private ECDE Centres 347

Total Number of ECDE Learners in 2015 2,363

Number of County Government teachers 39

Number of PTA teachers 30

Private ECDE teachers 21

Total Number of ECDE teachers in 2015 90

Teacher/ pupil ratio in 2015 1:26

Table 7 Education Institution

Primary School Data Statistic

Number Of Public Primary Schools In 2015 40

Number Of Public Primary Schools Connected To Electricity 30

Number Of Private Primary Schools In 2015 5

Number Of Private Primary Schools Connected To Electricity 5

Number Of Teachers In 2015 323

Number Of Primary Schools In 2014 42

Number Of Teachers In 2014 323

Teacher/ Pupil Ratio In 2015 1:32

Teacher/ Pupil Ratio In 2014 1:34

Total Enrolment In 2015 10,253

Total Enrolment In 2014 11,038

Average Years Of Attendance In Primary School 8

Table 8 Primary school data

Secondary Schools data in 2015 Statistics

Number of public secondary schools in 2015 18

23

Number of public secondary schools connected to electricity 18

Number of private secondary schools in 2015 5

Number of private secondary schools connected to electricity 5

Number of teachers in 2015 124


Total enrolment in 2015 4,212

Number of secondary schools in 2014 20

Number of teachers in 2014 119


Total enrolment in 2014 3,846

Average years of attendance in secondary school 4

Table 9 Secondary school data

Tertiary institution

Public universities (No) 0

Private Universities (No) 0

University Campus/ Colleges (No) 0

National Polytechnics 0

Science & Technology Institute (No) 0

Other Public Colleges (No. by type) 0

Youth Polytechnics 01(new)-Kitumbini Ctti

Trades in CTTIs 0

Total Number of instructors 2014 0

Total Number of instructors 2015 0

Total Number of Trainees 2014 0

Private Non- Accredited college by type 0

Table 10 Tertiary institution

Demographic Dividend Components

24

Demographic

Dividend

Components

Indicators Makueni Kenya Targets/

Recommended

ECDE

EDUCATION

ECDE pupil/Instructor Ratio 21:1 No Data 40:1

PRIMARY

SCHOOL

Primary School Pupil/Teacher

Ratio

38 : 1 52 : 1 40:1

SECONDARY

SCHOOL

Secondary School

Pupil/Teacher Ratio

33 : 1 31 : 1 40:1

TERTIARY None 17.2% 25.2% 0

PRIMARY Primary 62% 52% 100%

SECONDARY Secondary + 20.8% 22.8% 100%

Table 11 Demographic dividend on Education

3.4 Economy- Industry, Agriculture, Commerce

3.4.1 Financial Services

Financial services in the town are provided by the local banking Agents of Equity Bank,

Cooperative Bank, Kenya Commercial Bank. With the available Banking institutions in the area

of KCB Kenya women Finance Trust also offer financial services to the local residents.

Safaricom M-pesa service providers also act as financial assistance through the provision of money

deposits, withdrawal and electronic money transfers.

Existence of Savings and Credit Cooperative Organization also aid in the financial management in

the area for example the Universal Traders Sacco Has got a branch in the town.

3.4.2 Agriculture

The town is surrounded at its periphery by rich agricultural land whose owners undertake small

scale farming activities in production of subsistence farming. However the areas are under

challenge of the urban growth sprawling up to this areas of the town.

25

Crop Farming Statistics

Average Farm Size(Small Scale)-Hectares 3

Average Farm Size(Large Scale)-Hectares 10 Ha

Percentage Of Farmers With Title Deeds 25%

Total Area Under Food Crops 3,500

Total Area Under Soil/Land Conservation 2,500

Total Area Under Horticultural Crops 25

Total Area Under Farm Forestry 20

Total Area Under Cash Crops 5

Total Area Under Organic Farming 2

Main Storage Facilities(Granary)( Number) 1,880

Table 12 Crop farming

3.4.3 Commerce

Majorly the town is a commercial center serving both the locals and the travelers. With this fact

the town has many developments which are Hotels Bars with Lodgings to offer Hospitality services

to travelers with key targets to truck drivers who form the bulk of their customers.

Main Source of Livelihood Statistics

Family Agricultural Holding 27.3

Work for pay 24.4

Fulltime Student 18.2

Family Business 10.8

Retired/ Homemaker 9.1

No work 8.6

Intern/Volunteer 1

Incapacitated 0.7

Table 13 Source of livelihood

26

Figure 4 Main source of livelihood

3.4.4 Mining

The area though no extensive mining is done there are deposits of Kyanite in the area. A great

resource in the area is the limestone which is also unexploited.

3.4.5 Quarrying

Quarrying is done in the area mainly for provision of construction purposes though control needs

to be put in place to maintain the ecosystem and the topography of the town.

3.4.6 Fisheries

Fisheries Statistics

Fish Farmers 47

Fish Ponds 62

Production In Kgs 752Kgs

Table 14 Fisheries

3.5 Transportation and Communication

3.5.1 Transport

Sultan-Hamud lies on the main Nairobi-Mombasa Highway class 109A road and also on the main

Mombasa-Nairobi railway and is a junction of a short branch line.

27%

24%18%

11%

9%

11%

Main source of Livelihood in Percentage

Family Agricultural Holding

Work for pay

Fulltime Student

Family Business

Retired/ Homemaker

Other Sources

27

There are airports nearby in the town which include Ngore (code: FR31331) Airport which is small

airport 27 nm at bearing of 66 east and ( code: HKAM) a medium airport 32 nm at bearing of 120

east.

3.5.2 Communication and Telecommunications

The town enjoys an extensive connection by communication service providers which include the

Safaricom, Airtel and orange among others. There are several BTS in the area erected to maintain

the communication purposes. There is a Post office in the town.

3.6 Infrastructure Services

3.6.1 Water

Tanathi Water Service Board (TWSB) is a major provider for water in the town through piping it

to the area. However therein are challenges to this supply of water as its inadequate and provision

is impaired by pipe breakages from various massive construction projects in the area like the

Construction of the Standard Gauge Railway. Boreholes that have been sunk in the area and Rain

water catchment also provide water to the residents in the town. An expected water service

provision is the proposed construction of dams by the County Government of Makueni.

Another major water provider is the Norah-Toresh organization which is a Non-Governmental

Organization based in the area

Water and Sanitation Sector Statistics

Household with access to piped water 2,660

Households with access to improved water sources 3,683

Number of permanent rivers None

Number of shallow wells 8

protected springs 1

Un-Protected Springs 2

Water Pans 8

Earth Dams 12

Sand Dams 12

Functional Bore Holes 15

Non-Functional Boreholes 8

28

HH With Roof Catchment Systems -

Schools With Rain Water Catchment -

Mean Distance Nearest Water Point (Km) 4 Kms

Table 15 Water and Sanitation

3.6.2 Energy

The national electricity grid pas ses through the town which provides the town with power

which is used for lighting. Though the area experiences many power breakdown and therefore

calling for a much sustainable source of energy. The area has potential for both Solar and Wind

power though hardly being utilized by the residents. The Kenya Electricity Transmission

Cooperative (KENTRACO) with its 153 Km of 132 kV Mwingi – Kitui – Wote – Sultan-Hamud

Line thereby passing through the town.

Electricity connection Statistic

Number of Trading center with electricity 30

Number of Trading centers without electricity 7

Number of Health facilities with electricity 4

Number of Health facilities without electricity 6

Number of Primary schools with electricity 30

Number of Primary schools without electricity 10

Number of Secondary schools with electricity 23

Number of Secondary schools without electricity 0

Table 16 Electricity connection

3.6.3 Waste water management

Waste water is poorly managed as much is left to waste as its not recycled. Thus measures should

be undertaken to provision of waste water management through recycling of the same.

3.7 Urbanization

Since the construction Mombasa-Nairobi railway reached Sultan-Hamud the area picked its pace

in development with the greatest opportunity that was laid down secondly by the Nairobi-

Mombasa highway. Throughout the periods of the establishment of these two major projects which

foresaw the growth of this town the advent of SGR recoupled its growth and coincidence of events

29

leading to proposal of Konza Techno City proximal to the town have seen the growth of the town

revitalized. However though the town on rise it is experiencing challenges associated with

urbanization of; Population increase as compared to facilities available and service delivery,

Pollution and issues associated with waste management and their disposal therein. Uncontrolled

development and increased cases of encroachment of reserves.

3.11 Governance

3.11.1 Gender

The town like many other urbanizing towns faces the same challenge of gender in their urban

management. Representation in the stakeholders committees and forums is an indication to that.

Though with the presentation of this integrated urban development plan the gender is put into

consideration to put both gender to consideration in the formation of town committees to man the

town.

3.11.2 Legislation and Enforcement

The department of lands, mining and physical planning has finalized the preparation of the

following bills for onward submission to the county assembly for approval;

i. Spatial planning.

ii. Housing.

iii. Street naming.

iv. Planning regulations

3.11.3 Urban Management.

Project management committees oversee projects done by different departments. Urban

management boards are set to be established by the end of the year once the municipal structures

are set.

30

CHAPTER FOUR: SYNTHESIS

4.1 Development challenges, opportunities and alternative interventions

Z

O

N

E

SUITABILITY ECOLO

GICAL

LY

FRAGI

LE

AREAS

CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIES

O Low Density

Residential Housing

Medium Density

Housing

High Density

Housing

No Waste disposal

Mixed use

Waste water management

Accessibility

Encroachment to reserves

Lighting

Water supply

Availability of

undeveloped land

Proximity to the highway

The Standard Gauge

Railway

1 Industrial Yes Waste disposal

Accessibility

Source of power

Environmental pollution

Water supply

Space for industrial sites

Electricity supply

Wind and solar power

Available mineral

deposits

Road network

connection

2 Educational No Sanitation

Grabbing of Allocated land

for educational purpose

Water source

Lighting

Topography is

favourable for setting up

institutions

Solar and wind power

3 Recreational No Encroachment

Political will

Funding for development

Available space

Development control

Land use plan in place

31

4 Public purpose No Waste management


Encroachment

Street lighting

Accessibility

Tree cover and aesthetics

Zoning plan available

Wind and solar power

availability

Favourable climate

5 Commercial No Accessibility

Sanitation

Lighting

Encroachment

Waste disposal

Storm water drainage

Peripheral development

along transport corridors

Water supply

Undulating landscape for

sewer lines setting

Power availability

Location of main

highway

Location of the standard

gauge railway line

6 Public utility No Sanitation

Maintenance

Accessibility

Waste disposal

Infrastructure

unavailability

Topography

Local man power to man

maintenance

7 Transport No Unconfined development to

the transport available


Congestion

Conflict of motorized and

non-motorized transport

Street lighting

Street naming

Man on foot security

Development control and

land use legislation

available

Parking space available

Source of power

Table 17 Development challenges, opportunities and alternative interventions

32

4.2 Alternative interventions

Encroachment of riparian Development control

Riparian reserve protection

Planting of trees along the river reserve

Drainage Storm water catchment

Control of erosion

Lighting Installation of flood lights

Street lighting

Insecurity Opening up of access roads

Street lighting

Opening of undeveloped lands

Waste management Dumping site

Waste collectors

Vehicle congestion Relocation of vehicles parking along the highway

Upgrading the existing parking to accommodate more

vehicles

Wetland protection Development control

Topography Quarry refilling to their original state

Erosion control measures

Labor force Control migration through creating local sources of

income and social economic empowerment

Solar power generation Setting up solar panels

Mixed use development Development control

Land use legislation

Quarrying Controlled quarrying

Refilling of galleys

Soil erosion Setting up of gabions

Planting of trees

33

Central business district Control of mixed use development

Inadequate parking space Acquire land for parking

Set up parking sites

Sanitation Opening up sewer lines

Provision of sanitation facilities like toilets

Non-motorized transport

infrastructure

Provision for reserves for non-motorized transport

Street lighting Installation of flood lights

Encroachment into roads and

public utilities

Development control

Developments to observe reserves as in the development

plan

Accessibility Open up of access roads

Development control to avoid encroachment

Water supply Treatment of local available water

Piping

Sinking boreholes

Storm water catchment

Waste water treatment

Industry Industrial sites control

Development control

Opening up of access to the industrial zones

Table 18 Alternative interventions

34

CHAPTER FIVE: PLAN PROPOSALS STRATEGIES AND MEASURES

5.1 Town structure plan

Figure 5 Structure plan

5.2 Strategies and measures

This part presents strategies and measures that will lead to the realization of the

Goals and the vision of Sultan-Hamud.

5.2.1 Transport and Infrastructure Services strategies

The objectives of the measures and Strategies proposed are:

5.2.1.1 Road Network

Strategies

To improve access

To control congestion along the main road

To control motorized and non-motorized transport conflict

To enhance security of the man on foot

35

Measures to actualize the Strategies

Relocation of vehicle parking along the main highway

Setting up of parking sites for vehicles

Setting and delineating up of pedestrian reserves

Setting up reserves for non-motorized transport

5.2.1.2 Parking

Strategies

To relocate vehicles parking along the highway

Improve security of man on foot

To have modalities for traffic control

5.2.1.3 Non-Motorized Facilities

Strategies

To control conflicts and enhance security for non-motorized transport

To have a modality to control the non-motorized transport

Measures to Actualize the Strategies

Delineate reserves for non-motorized transport

Put in place non-motorized transport infrastructure

5.2.1.4 Road Safety and Security

Strategies

To enhance security for both man on foot and non-motorized transport

To control mobility of man on foot, motorized and non-motorized transport

To have a modality to control the use transport sector and have security for the maimed and

handicapped users.


Set reserves for man on foot and for non-motorized transport

Street lighting

36

Reserves and infrastructure for the handicapped.

5.2.1.5 Drainage

Strategies

To put in place mechanism to control storm water

To control soil erosion

To control flooding along transport corridors


Provision of drainage channels along the main roads, streets and reserves


Tree cover

5.2.1.6 Water

Strategies

Increase supply of water

Improve quality of water

Increase and enhance accessibility of water



Treatment of available water sources

Waste water treatment

Piping

Sinking of boreholes

5.2.1.7 Sewerage Facilities

Strategies

To improve aesthetics

To enhance waste control


37

Opening up of sewer lines

Residential housing to connect to sewer line channels

5.2.1.8 Institutions

Strategies

To enhance in management

To control urban development

To enhance in plan implementation

To actualize modalities for financing and revenue collection


Formation and formalization of town committee

Having a development plan

Plan implementation

Development control

5.2.2 Environmental Strategies

5.2.2.1 Waste Management

Strategies

To enhance waste collection and disposal


To have a mechanism of pollution control

5.2.2.2 Degradation of water resources

Strategies

To improve water quality

To increase water supply

To improve accessibility

5.2.2.3 Vegetation Cover

Strategies

38


To control environmental degradation


To increase tree cover

5.2.2.4 Land Degradation

Strategies

To maintain topography

To maintain aesthetics

To control natural drainage channels


5.2.2.5 Flooding

Strategies

Control of soil erosion

To control water borne diseases

To enhance mobility

To maintain aesthetics

5.2.2.6 Pollution

Strategies

To maintain quality of products and resources

To maintain a livable environment

5.2.2.7 Recreation

Strategies

To have in place sites and facilities for leisure and relaxation

To maintain open spaces

To control grabbing and encroachment of recreational sites

5.2.2.8 Institutional, legal and policy framework

Strategies

39

To have a mechanism for plan implementation

To have modalities for development control

5.2.2.9 Stakeholders involvement

Strategies

To have acceptable development planning

To have a community owned and realized development

To achieve a well-balanced bottom up development approach and on control basis

5.2.2.10 Environmental management

Strategies

To control environmental pollution

To maintain vegetation cover in the town

To have a livable environment

5.2.3 Economic and Investment Strategies

5.2.3.1 Growth Sectors

The town enjoys a wide range growth sectors. These include the Nairobi-Mombasa road which

passes through the town bringing forth travelers who either housed there or have meals and drinks

along their journey.

The new standard gauge railway that passes through the town brings forth the town a great

opportunity as the station which situated in the town is a great opportunity for investment.

Available labour force by the local residents and immigrants to the town offer a formidable human

resource to investments.

Industrial siting like the setting of hides industry in the area is a great opportunity to the area.

Available mineral resource base in the area is available opportunity for mineral mining and

quarrying activities.

40

CHAPTER SIX: ACTION PLANS

Z

O

N

E

SUITABILIT

Y

ECOLOGI

CALLY

FRAGILE

AREAS

CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIE

S

ACTION

AREAS

O Low Density

Residential

Housing

Medium

Density

Housing

High Density

Housing

No Waste disposal

Mixed use

Waste water

management

Accessibility

Encroachment to

reserves

Lighting

Water supply

Availability of

undeveloped land

Proximity to the

highway

The Standard

Gauge Railway

Opening of

sewer lines

Development

control

Street lighting

1 Industrial Yes Waste disposal

Accessibility

Source of power

Environmental

pollution

Water supply

Space for

industrial sites

Electricity supply

Wind and solar

power

Available mineral

deposits

Road network

connection

Waste

management

and control

Harnessing

power sources

2 Educational No Sanitation

Grabbing of Allocated

land for educational

purpose

Water source

Lighting

Topography is

favourable for

setting up

institutions

Solar and wind

power

Development

control

Opening up of

access

Waste

management

41

Provision of

lighting

3 Recreational No Encroachment

Political will

Funding for

development

Available space

Development

control

Land use plan in

place

Development

control

Stakeholder

involvement

Sourcing of

funds

4 Public

purpose

No Waste management

Environmental

pollution

Encroachment

Street lighting

Accessibility

Tree cover and

aesthetics

Zoning plan

available

Wind and solar

power availability

Favourable

climate

Waste

management

control

Opening up

sewer lines

Development

control

5 Commercial No Accessibility

Sanitation

Lighting

Encroachment

Waste disposal


Peripheral

development along

transport corridors

Water supply

Undulating

landscape for

sewer lines setting

Power availability

Location of main

highway

Location of the

standard gauge

railway line

Opening

access roads

Provision of

lighting

Development

control

Storm water

catchment

6 Public utility No Sanitation

Maintenance

Accessibility

Topography

Local man power

to man

maintenance

Provision of

sanitation

facilities

42

Waste disposal

Infrastructure

unavailability

Put

maintenance

mechanism

Open access

7 Transport No Unconfined

development to the

transport available

Environmental

pollution

Congestion

Conflict of motorized

and non-motorized

transport

Street lighting

Street naming

Man on foot security

Development

control and land

use legislation

available

Parking space

available

Source of power

Confine

development

to the

transport

sector in place

Environmenta

l control

Relocation of

vehicles

Provision of

parking

infrastructure

Table 19 Action plans

43

CHAPTER SEVEN: IMPLEMENTATION MATRIX

Z

O

N

E

ISSUES ACTION AREAS ACTORS TIME

FRAME

O Waste disposal

Street lighting

Development control

Opening of

sewer lines

Development control

Provision of flood

light

County Government

Department of roads and

infrastructure

2017-

2018

1 Encroachment of the

site

Electricity supply

Road network

connection

Opening up of access

roads

Implementation and

Harnessing power

sources


roads

County government

Department of transport

and infrastructure

Department of Physical

planning

2017-

2018

2 Waste management

Accessibility

Street lighting

Development control


Waste management

Provision of lighting

Enforcement department.


Planning

Department of Transport

and infrastructure

2017-

2018

3 Uncontrolled

development

Development control

Development control

Stakeholder

involvement

Sourcing of funds

Stakeholder committee

Private sector

NGO’s


Planning

2017-

2019

4 Blockage of sewer

lines

Waste management

control

Department of physical

planning

Immedia

tely

44

Uncontrolled

development

Waste control

Opening up sewer

lines

Development control

Department of

infrastructure

5 Accessibility

Street lighting


Opening access

roads

Provision of lighting

Development control

Storm water

catchment


planning

Department of water

Enforcement department

2017-

2018

6 Sanitation

Public utility

maintenance

Access

Provision of

sanitation facilities

Put maintenance

mechanism

Open access

Department of

environment


planning

Immedia

tely

7 Parking

Congestions

Conflicts of users

Provision of parks

Relocation of

vehicles

Provision of parking

infrastructure

County government

Department of

infrastructure

2017-

2019

Table 20 Implementation Matrix

45

CHAPTER EIGHT: FINANCING STRATEGY

Z

O

N

E

ISSUES ACTION

AREAS

ACTORS TIME

FRAME

FINANCINCING

STRATEGY

O Waste disposal

Street lighting

Development

control

Opening of

sewer lines

Development

control

Provision of

flood light

County

Government

Department

of roads and

infrastructure

2017-

2018

County Government

Finance

1 Encroachment of

the site

Electricity supply

Road network

connection

Opening up of

access roads

Implementation

and

Harnessing

power sources

Opening up of

access roads

County

government

Department

of transport

and

infrastructure

Department

of Physical

planning

2017-

2018

County Government

Finance

Public Private Partnership

Funding

2 Waste

management

Accessibility

Street lighting

Development

control

Opening up of

access

Waste

management

Provision of

lighting

Enforcement

department.

Department

of Physical

Planning

Department

of Transport

and

infrastructure

2017-

2018

Public Finance

County Government

Finance

Partnership Funding

46

3 Uncontrolled

development

Development

control

Development

control

Stakeholder

involvement

Sourcing of

funds

Stakeholder

committee

Private sector

NGO’s

Department

of Physical

Planning

2017-

2019

County Government

Finance


Funding

4 Blockage of sewer

lines

Uncontrolled

development

Waste control

Waste

management

control

Opening up

sewer lines

Development

control

Department

of physical

planning

Department

of

infrastructure

Immedi

ately

Public Finance

County Government

Finance


Funding

5 Accessibility

Street lighting

Storm water

drainage

Opening access

roads

Provision of

lighting

Development

control

Storm water

catchment

Department

of physical

planning

Department

of water

Enforcement

department

2017-

2018

Public Finance

County Government

Finance

Grants and Donor Fund


Funding

6 Sanitation

Public utility

maintenance

Access

Provision of

sanitation

facilities

Put

maintenance

mechanism

Open access

Department

of

environment

Department

of physical

planning

Immedi

ately

Public Finance

County Government

Finance

Grants and Donor Fund


Funding

47

7 Parking

Congestions

Conflicts of users

Provision of

parks

Relocation of

vehicles

Provision of

parking

infrastructure

County

government

Department

of

infrastructure

2017-

2019

Public Finance

County Government

Finance


Funding

Table 21 Financing mechanism

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