government of india ministry of railways handbook …

i

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

HANDBOOK

ON

AUTOMATIC FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

(AFSS)

For Signalling Installations

CAMTECH/S/PROJ/2020-21/SP5/1.0

August-2020

Maharajpur, Gwalior (M.P.) – 474005

i

FOREWORD

The occurrence of fire incidence at any railway installation may result in heavy

loss in terms of assets, manpower and punctuality of trains. From the recent fire

incidence which took place at RRI/Itarsi of West Central Railway, there is a

need to review the safety measures to be taken.

CAMTECH has prepared this Handbook to provide at a glance knowledge of

Automatic Fire Suppression System, which is an advance system for fire

detection and alarm system, this system will help to control fire without human

intervention at various Signalling installations like RRI/PI/EI cabins, battery

rooms etc. SSEs/JEs and Signal maintainers can get acquainted with the

operating procedures of these equipment through this literature.

I hope that the information given in this handbook will be quite helpful to the

personnel engaged in maintenance of Signalling installations in Indian Railways

& taking preventive measures to avoid fire incidences.

CAMTECH, Gwalior JITENDRA SINGH

Principal Executive Director

ii

PREFACE

Fire at any S&T installation or associated office may cause damage to costly

equipment, severe disruption to traffic and endanger the life of on duty railway

staff. This Handbook has been prepared for S&T staff working at various

important installations like RRI/PI/EI cabins, Telephone exchanges, Repeaters

and other associated offices like stores depots etc.

We are sincerely thankful to Railway Board, RDSO/LKO, West Central

Railway, M/s MX system International Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai and all S&T

personnel of Indian Railways who helped us in preparation of this handbook.

Since technological upgradation and learning is a continuous process, you may

feel the need for some addition/modification in this handbook. If so, please give

your comments on email address [email protected] or write to us at

Indian Railways Centre for Advanced Maintenance Technology, In front of

Hotel Adityaz, Airport Road, Maharajpur, Gwalior (M.P.) 474005.

CAMTECH, Gwalior DINESH KUMAR KALAME

Joint Director (S&T)

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD .............................................................................................................................. i

PREFACE .................................................................................................................................. ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... iii

ISSUE OF CORRECTION SLIPS ........................................................................................... vi

DISCLAIMER ......................................................................................................................... vii

OUR OBJECTIVE ................................................................................................................. viii

CAMTECH PUBLICATIONS ................................................................................................. ix

ABBREVIATIONS USED ........................................................................................................ x

TERMS USED IN THE HANDBOOK .................................................................................... xi

Section 1..................................................................................................................................... 1

FIRE INCIDENCES, CAUSES AND PREVENTION ............................................................. 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION: ........................................................................................................ 2

1.2 CLASSES OF FIRE & EXTINGUISHERS: ................................................................. 3

1.3 FIRE ALARM SYSTEM: ............................................................................................. 6

Section 2..................................................................................................................................... 7

AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION & ALARM SYSTEM ...................................................... 7

2.1 INTRODUCTION: ......................................................................................................... 8

2.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS: ...................................................................................... 8

2.3 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION & ALARM

SYSTEM (AFDAS): .................................................................................................... 10

2.4 COMPONENTS OF AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM & DETECTION SYSTEM: ........... 11

2.5 FUNCTIONS AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS OF AFDAS SYSTEM: .............. 14

2.5.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE: ............................................................................................... 14

2.5.2 MODULES & THEIR FUNCTIONS: ............................................................................ 14

2.6 FIRE SUPRESSION: ..................................................................................................... 17

2.7 NEED FOR AUTOMATIC FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM: .................................... 18

2.8 ADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATIC FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM: ...................... 21

Section 3................................................................................................................................... 22

AFSS FOR SIGNALLING INSTALLATIONS ...................................................................... 22

3.1 INTRODUCTION: ......................................................................................................... 23

3.2 TYPES: ............................................................................................................................ 23

3.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS: .................................................................................... 24

3.4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF AFSS: ............................................................................ 25

3.5 FIRE PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR TFAFSS: ...................................................... 25

3.6 LIMITS OF RADIO FREQUENCY/ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE: .... 26

iv

3.7 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF AUTOMATIC FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

FOR SIGNALLING INSTALLATION (AFSS): ........................................................ 26

3.8 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS: .............................................................................. 27

3.8.1 CLEAN AGENT:......................................................................................................... 27

3.8.2 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TFAFSS: ......................................................... 27

3.8.3 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR IN-CABINET AUTOMATIC FIRE

SUPPRESSION SYSTEM (ICAFSS): ........................................................................ 30

3.8.4 ALARM UNIT (AU): .................................................................................................. 31

3.8.5 REFILLING OF STORAGE CONTAINERS: ............................................................ 31

3.8.6 FIRE SURVIVAL CABLES: ...................................................................................... 31

3.8.7 ELECTRICAL CLEARANCES: ................................................................................. 31

3.9 INSPECTION AND TESTING: .................................................................................. 31

3.9.1 GENERAL: ................................................................................................................. 31

3.9.2 TEST PROCEDURE: .................................................................................................. 32

3.9.3 MARKING: ................................................................................................................. 32

3.10 INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE: ..................................................................... 33

3.10.1 INSTALLATION:........................................................................................................ 33

3.10.2 MAINTENANCE: ...................................................................................................... 33

3.10.3 TRAINING: ................................................................................................................ 33

3.10.4 DOCUMENTATION: ................................................................................................. 33

Section-4 .................................................................................................................................. 35

MX 1230 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM ............................................................................ 35

4.1 INTRODUCTION: ...................................................................................................... 36

4.2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: ........................................................................................ 36

4.2.1 SINGLE ZONE SYSTEMS ......................................................................................... 36

4.2.2 Main Parts: ................................................................................................................... 36

4.3 FUNCTION: ................................................................................................................ 37

4.4 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: ................................................................................ 37

4.5 OPERATION: .............................................................................................................. 38

4.5.1 TOOLS REQUIRED FOR OPERATION: ................................................................. 38

4.5.2 ISOLATING THE SYSTEM:..................................................................................... 38

4.6 RESETTING THE ISOLATION:................................................................................ 38

4.6.1 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS: ....................................................................................... 38

4.6.2 RESETTING THE ISOLATION IN THE EVENT OF FIRE: ................................... 39

4.6.3 ACTIVATING THE SYSTEM: ................................................................................. 39

4.7 RESTORING OPERATIONAL READINESS AFTER A RELEASE: ....................... 39

4.8 DO’S & DON’TS OF AFSS: ........................................................................................ 39

v

4.8.1 DO’S: ............................................................................................................................ 40

4.8.2 DON’TS: ....................................................................................................................... 40

4.9 MX 200 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM: ................................................................... 40

4.9.1 PHOTOGRAPHS OF INSTALLATION ...................................................................... 40

4.9.2 IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS FOR S&T & OPERATING STAFF: ..................... 42

4.10 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS FOR PI/RRI/EI INSTALLATIONS: ............................ 43

4.11 PROVISION IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION–CAUSES AND PREVENTION

OF ELECTRICAL FIRE ............................................................................................. 44

4.11.1 FIRE SAFETY MEASURES FOR ELECTRICAL WIRING ..................................... 44

4.11.2 DO’S AND DON’TS .................................................................................................... 46

ANNEXURE-A – FORMAT FOR DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR TFAFSS................... 47

ANNEXURE-B – FORMAT FOR DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR ICAFSS ................... 48

ANNEXURE-C - GENERAL ARRANGEMENT FOR CONTROL FLOW OF AFSS ....... 49

REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 50

vi

ISSUE OF CORRECTION SLIPS

The correction slips to be issued in future for this report will be numbered as follows:

CAMTECH/S/PROJ/2020-21/SP5/1.0# XX date .......

Where “XX” is the serial number of the concerned correction slip (starting from 01

onwards).

CORRECTION SLIPS ISSUED

Sr. No. of

Correction

Slip

Date of issue Page no. and Item

No. modified

Remarks

vii

DISCLAIMER

It is clarified that the information given in this compendium does not supersede

any existing provisions laid down in the Signal Engineering Manual, Railway

Board and RDSO publications. This document is not statuary and instructions

given are for the purpose of guidance only. If at any point contradiction is

observed, then SEM, Railway Board/RDSO guidelines may be referred or

prevalent Zonal Railways instructions may be followed.

viii

OUR OBJECTIVE

To upgrade Maintenance Technologies and Methodologies and achieve

improvement in Productivity and Performance of all Railway assets and

manpower which inter-alia would cover Reliability, Availability and Utilization.

If you have any suggestions & any specific comments, please write to us:

Contact Person : Joint Director (Signal & Telecommunication)

Postal Address : Centre for Advanced Maintenance Technology,

Maharajpur, Gwalior (M.P.)

Pin Code – 474 005

Phone : 0751-2470185

Fax : 0751-2470841

E-mail : [email protected]

ix

CAMTECH PUBLICATIONS

CAMTECH is continuing its efforts in the documentation and up-gradation of information on

maintenance practices of Signalling & Telecom assets. Over the years a large number of

publications on Signalling & Telecom subjects have been prepared in the form of handbooks,

pocket books, pamphlets and video films. These publications have been uploaded on the

internet as well as railnet.

For downloading these publications

On Internet:

Visit www.rdso.indianrailways.gov.in

Go to Directorates → CAMTECH Gwalior → Other Important links → Publications for

download - S&T Engineering

or click on link

https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,2,17,6313,6321,6326

On Railnet:

Visit RDSO website at 10.100.2.19

Go to Directorates → CAMTECH → Publications → S&T Engineering

Or click on the link

http://10.100.2.19/camtech/Publications/CAMTECH%20Publications%20Online/SntPub.htm

A limited number of publications in hard copy are also available in CAMTECH library which

can be got issued by deputing staff with official letter from controllong officer. The letter

should be addressed to Director (S&T), CAMTECH, Gwalior.

For any further information regarding publications please contact:

Director (S&T) – 0751-2470185 (O)(BSNL)

Or

Email at [email protected]

Or

FAX to 0751-2470841 (BSNL)

Or

Write at

Director (S&T)

Indian Railways Centre for Advanced Maintenance Technology,

In front of Hotel Adityaz, Airport Road, Maharajpur,

Gwalior (M.P.) 474005

http://www.rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/

https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,2,17,6313,6321,6326

http://10.100.2.19/camtech/Publications/CAMTECH%20Publications%20Online/SntPub.htm

mailto:[email protected]

x

ABBREVIATIONS USED

Following abbreviations are used in the handbook:

Abbreviation Description

AU Alarm Unit

AFSS Automatic Fire Suppression System

AFSSCP Automatic Fire Suppression System Control Panel

ASME American Society Of Mechanical Engineers

ASTM American Society for Testing of Materials

ASM Assistant Station Master

ATC Annealed Tinned Copper

CSTE Chief Signal & Telecom Engineer

EI Electronic Interlocking

FACP Fire Alarm Control Panel

ICAFSS In-Cabinet Automatic Fire Suppression System

ICMP In-Cabinet Automatic Fire Suppression System Monitoring

Panel

IEC International Electro Technical Commission

ILAC International Laboratory Accreditation Co-Operation

IPS Integrated Power Supply

IS Indian Standards

ISO International Organization For Standardization

LOAEL Lowest Observable Adverse Effect Level

LPCB Loss Prevention Certification Board

NABL National Accredited Board For Testing And Calibration

Laboratories

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level

PESO Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organization

PI Panel Interlocking

PLC Programmable Logic Controller

RRI Route Relay Interlocking

NO Normally Opened

NC Normally Closed

xi

TERMS USED IN THE HANDBOOK

RRI RRI stands for Route Relay Interlocking. This is a signal interlocking system which is used at

large and busy stations having large number of train movements. In this, an entire route

through the station can be selected and all associated points and signals along the route can be

set at once by pressing two buttons for receiving or dispatching trains.

Self-contained breathing apparatus A self-contained breathing apparatus, sometimes referred to as a compressed air breathing

apparatus or simply breathing apparatus, is a device worn to provide breathable air in an

atmosphere that is immediately dangerous to life or health atmosphere. They are typically

used in firefighting and industry.

UL/FM/Vds/LPCB

UL UL also known as Underwriters Laboratories is a global independent safety science company

with more than a century of expertise innovating safety solutions.

FM Factory Mutual (FM) Global is similar to Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and both are

focused on safety.

Fire pumps, fire sprinklers, pipes, extinguishers, and a vast array of other products regularly

undergo rigorous, third-party testing according to the standards of groups like FM

Global and UL (formerly known as Underwriters Laboratories).

LPCB LPCB stands for Loss Prevention Certification Board. Among their services are also

certifications and acceptances, among others, in the field of fire protection and safety. These

certifications under the marking and logo of the LPCB are mostly important in Great Britain,

the Middle East and the Asia-Pacific region.

Vds Vds, with its headquarters in Cologne, West Germany is today one of the most renowned

institutions for corporate safety, with a focus on fire protection, security and natural hazard

prevention

Vds is an independent institution which has been ensuring safety and trust in the fields of fire

protection and security for many decades and develops advanced safety concepts for

significant industrial and commercial enterprises

IP 31 Protection The IP Code (or International Protection Rating, sometimes also interpreted as Ingress

Protection Rating) consists of the letters IP followed by two digits and an optional letter. As

defined in international standard IEC 60529, it classifies the degrees of protection provided

against the intrusion of solid objects (including body parts like hands and fingers), dust,

accidental contact, and water in electrical enclosures. The standard aims to provide users

more detailed information than vague marketing terms such as waterproof.

The digits (characteristic numerals) indicate conformity with the conditions summarized

below:

https://www.fmapprovals.com/products-we-certify/products-we-certify/pipe-fittings-couplings/below-ground

https://www.fmapprovals.com/products-we-certify/products-we-certify/pipe-fittings-couplings/below-ground

https://www.ul.com/

xii

First Digit: Solids:

The first digit indicates the level of protection that the enclosure provides against access to

hazardous parts (e.g., electrical conductors, moving parts) and the ingress of solid foreign

objects.

Level Object size protected against Effective against

3 >2.5 mm Tools, thick wires etc.

Second Digit: Liquids

Protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against harmful ingress of water.

Level Object size protected against Effective against

1 Dripping water Dripping water (vertically

falling drops) shall have no

harmful effect

Hence IP 31 protection means: Protected from tools and wires greater than 2.5 millimetres &

protected from condensation.

Potential Free Contact Potential free contacts are also sometimes called volt free or "dry" contacts, and simply refer

to relay contacts, or switch or sensor contacts, which haven't been wetted (charged) with

voltage by the machine or device in which they exist.

NO & NC Normally open (NO) and Normally closed (NC) are terms used to define the states of

switches, sensors or relay contacts under when its coil is not excited.

CAMTECH/S/PROJ/2020-21/SP5 1

Automatic Fire Suppression System for Signalling installations August 2020

Section 1

FIRE INCIDENCES, CAUSES AND PREVENTION



1.1 INTRODUCTION:

At any working place, fire may occur due to negligence in safety precautions, human

error, equipment failure and various other causes. Most common causes of fire

incidences at a work place may be one or more of the following:

(i) Short circuit in electrical wiring due to outdated or worn out wiring.

(ii) Carelessly thrown lighted matches or cigarette butts.

(iii) Careless use of heating appliances such as electric heater.

(iv) Careless storage and handling of highly inflammable material.

(v) Overheating, sparking or arching due to electrical failures, loose connections or

faulty equipment.

(vi) Absence of adequate firefighting equipments.

(vii) Continuation of equipments in service which are overdue for replacement.

(viii) Availability of excess waste paper, trash and other items at working place that can

easily catch fire.

(ix) Ignorance of maintenance or safety instructions.

(x) Non-availability of any fire escape plan.

(xi) Lack of knowledge or training about firefighting to staff.

(xii) Any other cause.

In the light fire incidence at RRI Itarsi of Bhopal Division West Central Railway on

17.06.2015, fire at important installation like RRI may cause one or more of the

following:

(i) Damage to costly installation like Relay Room, Operating panel & Power Supply

system.

(ii) Paralyzing complete signalling system.

(iii) Disruption in automatic train operation

(iv) Severe detention to trains lasting several days

(v) Loss in terms of man hours due to deputing of additional task force to restore or

install a new system.

(vi) Heavy financial loss to Railways due to above.

(vii) Loss of life.

The above losses can be prevented up to a great extent if certain safety precautions are

observed. For prevention of fire at work places and firefighting in case of emergencies,

the following are necessary:

(i) Vigilance & observance of Safety precautions.

(ii) Basic knowledge of using firefighting equipment.

(iii) Basic knowledge of first aid.

(iv) Training/counselling to staff.

In this handbook, general information on Fire prevention methods is dealt in this section,

whereas the detailed information on Automatic Fire suppression system to prevent fire

incidences at S&T installations like Route Relay Interlocking or Electronic Interlocking

installations is dealt in next section.



1.2 CLASSES OF FIRE & EXTINGUISHERS:

Fires are classified by the types of materials that are burning. Extinguishers are labelled

to correspond to the classes of fires they are designed to fight.

1.2.1 Class A Fires: Involve ordinary combustibles, like wood, paper, cloth, trash, and

plastics. They do not contain metals, combustible liquids, or

electricity. (Class A fires generally leave Ashes.)

Class A fires can be extinguished with water. A Class A

extinguisher is typically either a pressurized can of water that can

be sprayed on a fire or a container of water with a pump

mechanism. Class A extinguishers are for use only on Class A

fires. An alternative method of extinguishing a Class A fire is to

smother it with a blanket, a gloved hand, or other material.

1.2.2 Class B Fires: Involve flammable liquids. Typical flammable liquids are gasoline,

oil, grease, paint, and acetone. Class B fires can be very difficult to

control because they involve burning non-metals in a liquid state.

This classification also includes flammable gases. (Class B fires

generally involve materials that Boil or Bubble.)

Electricity is not present in Class B fires. A Class B fire is

extinguished with carbon dioxide (CO2) contained in a heavy

cylinder and under pressure. CO2 is very cold when under pressure

and displaces the oxygen around the fire, causing the fire to be

extinguished. It should not be sprayed on people or animals. The use of a Class B

extinguisher usually results in very little mess and no damage to property. However,

avoid breathing CO2. Class B extinguishers may be used to extinguish both Class A and

Class B fires.

1.2.3 Class C Fires: Involve electrical equipment. Thus, electricity is always present.

It is often combined with combustible materials. An additional

hazard of a Class C fire is the potential for electric shock while

fighting the fire. If possible, always turn off the source of

electricity before fighting an electrical fire. The fire may be

extinguished, but if the electricity is not turned off, the fire may

rekindle. (Class C fires deal with electrical Current.)

A Class C fire is extinguished with a dry chemical, which does not conduct electricity.

The chemical is a very fine powder that smothers the fire when applied. A disadvantage

is the mess the chemical makes when ejected from the extinguisher. Avoid breathing dry

chemical extinguisher powder. Class C extinguishers may be used to extinguish Class A,

Class B, and Class C fires.

Figure 1: Class A

Extinguisher

Figure 2: Class B

Extinguisher

Figure 3: Class C

Extinguisher



1.2.4 Class D Fires: Involve combustible metals. Potassium, sodium, aluminium, and magnesium burn at

extremely high temperatures. Unless you work in a laboratory or in

an industry that uses these materials, it is unlikely you’ll have to

deal with Class D fires.

Class D fire extinguishers are not used on any other class of fire.

The material in a Class D extinguisher is a foam product that puts

out the fire by replacing the oxygen near it. Class D fire

extinguishers are the most expensive.

As extinguishers progress from A to D, they become more

expensive to use. Water is generally the cheapest material for

extinguishing a fire. However, water works well on Class A fires

only.

Water should not be used on Class B fires. Doing so may actually cause them to spread,

as many flammable liquid fires involve petroleum products that float on water. Water

must never be used on a Class C electrical fire, as the fire fighter could be electrocuted.

Water is not of value in fighting the burning metal of Class D fires. The temperatures are

generally too high for water to be effective.

1.2.5 Class K Fires: Class K Fires are fires that involve cooking oils, grease or

animal fat and can be extinguished using Purple K, the typical

agent found in kitchen or galley extinguishers.

Wet Chemical is a new agent that extinguishes the fire by

removing the heat of the fire triangle and prevents re-ignition by

creating a barrier between the oxygen and fuel elements.

Wet chemical of Class K extinguishers was developed for

modern, high efficiency deep fat fryers in commercial cooking operations. Some may

also be used on Class A fires in commercial kitchens.

Figure 4: Class D

Extinguisher

Figure 5: Class K

Extinguisher



A table showing the summary of types of fires can be added similar to given on next

page:

CLASS

OF

FIRE

TYPE OF

FIRE EXTINGUISHER

EXTINGUISHER

IDENTIFICATION SYMBOL

A

ORDINARY

MATERIAL -

WOOD, PAPER,

RUBBER,

FABRICS,

PLASTICS ETC.

WATER

DRY POWDER

HALON

B

FLAMMABLE

LIQUIDS AND

GASSES -

DIESEL,

KEROSENE,LPG

ETC.

CARBON DIOXIDE

DRY POWDER

HALON

AQUEOUS FILM

FORMING TYPE

(AFFF)

C ELECTRICAL

FIRE

CARBON DIOXIDE

DRY POWDER

HALON

D COMBUSTIBLE

METAL AND

ITS ALLOYS

SPECIAL AGENTS

K

COOKING

APPLAINCE

FIRE -

INVOLVING

ANIMAL OR

VEGETABLE

FATS/ OILS.

POTASSIUM

ACETATE



1.3 FIRE ALARM SYSTEM: Fire alarm system has a number of devices working together to detect and warn people

through visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other

emergencies are present. These alarms may be activated automatically from smoke

detectors and heat detectors or may also be activated via manual fire alarm activation

devices such as manual call points or pull stations. Alarms can be either motorized bells

or wall mountable sounders or horns. They can also be speaker strobes which sound an

alarm.

Fire alarm systems are mainly of two major types namely the conventional and the

addressable systems.

(i) Conventional Fire Alarm system- Conventional fire alarm systems and its

components are all wired to the same cable that connects them to a fire alarm control

panel. The control panel displays a signal when these components activate. These

types of systems are inexpensive and work well in small facilities. The main problem

with conventional fire alarm systems is that when a fire alarm component produces a

signal and it appears on the control panel there is no way to know which component it

is and in which part of the building. If you foresee this to be a problem, you may want

to consider an addressable fire alarm system.

(ii) Addressable Fire Alarm System- Addressable fire alarm systems are the most

modern type of system and its components have individual unique identifiers. When

one of the system’s components initiates, it indicates the component’s address on the

fire alarm panel. Large facilities utilize these systems because they can quickly

pinpoint where the trouble signal originated. This saves a lot of time because it

eliminates the need to search for the component that produced the signal.



Section 2

AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION & ALARM SYSTEM



2.1 INTRODUCTION:

When fire prevention is to be focussed on a very limited area, the fire extinguishers like

water, Co2 type or dry chemical can be used manually depending on the intensity and

class of fire. But larger buildings with important and costly installations require fire

prevention systems with automatic detection and warning facility.

Automatic Fire detection systems are designed to discover fires early in their development

when time will still be available for the safe evacuation of occupants. Early detection also

plays a significant role in protecting the safety of emergency response personnel. Property

loss can be reduced and downtime for the operation minimized through early detection

because control efforts are started while the fire is still small. Most alarm systems provide

information to emergency responders on the location of the fire, speeding the process of

fire control.

To be useful, detectors must be coupled with alarms. Alarm systems provide notice to at

least the building occupants and usually transmit a signal to a staffed monitoring station

either on or off site. In some cases, alarms may go directly to the fire department, although

in most locations this is no longer the typical approach.

These systems have numerous advantages as discussed above. The one major limitation is

that they do nothing to contain or control the fire. Suppression systems such as automatic

sprinklers act to control the fire. They also provide notification that they are operating, so

they can fill the role of a heat detection-based system if connected to notification

appliances throughout the building. They will not, however, operate as quickly as a smoke

detection system. This is why facilities where rapid notice is essential, even when

equipped with sprinklers, still need detection and alarm systems.

2.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:

2.2.1 Automatic Fire Detection & Alarm System (AFDAS) shall consist of all or any of the

following:

(a) Probe type Bimetallic Heat detectors for Diesel Generator enclosure.

(b) UV & IR flame detectors for Diesel Oil Storage room.

(c) Heat and Smoke multi sensors for Diesel Generator room, Power Supply Room, non-

air conditioned Relay Rooms, ASM Room, and other rooms connected with signalling

Installations.

(d) Linear Heat Sensing (LHS) cable along with its interface module (for cable trays,

cable troughs, & cable bunch etc.)

or

Linear Heat Detection System with its interface module (for cable trays, cable

troughs, & cable bunch etc.)

(e) Aspirating (air sampling) type smoke detector for air conditioned Relay Rooms.

(f) Control Panel - For reading the signals from sensors/detectors, giving audio/visual

alarms.

(g) Other Items (OI) - like Manual Call Points at the entry and exit of various rooms,

connecting cables, relays, Audio Visual alarms etc. necessary for commissioning &

reliable operation of the AFDAS.



2.2.2 The AFDAS shall be modular in structure, so that any fault in any of the modules can be

set right by simply replacing the Faulty Module, with a spare.

2.2.3 The AFDAS shall be self-checking & diagnostic type. It shall continuously monitor the

health of the sensors/detectors & the complete system including battery. The data

regarding health & event shall be logged in the system with date & time stamp, which can

be downloaded to a PC/ Laptop at later stage. The system should have capacity to store

data for up to a minimum of 512 fire events and other events. The Control Panel shall be

networkable to the Zonal/Divisional Railway headquarters preferably over TCP/IP and

shall have clock synchronization facility.

2.2.4 The detectors shall be suitable for installation in electrical cabinets, transformers, invertors,

cable trays, electronic equipments, power equipment rooms, relay rooms, or any other

enclosed areas, which are vulnerable for fire as deemed fit by Indian Railways.

2.2.5 ,The system shall be suitable to detect fire/ fire like situation in relay room, power

equipment room, Diesel generator room, Oil Storage room, ASM room (inside

Operating/Maintainer panel and change over panel) and other rooms pertaining to

Signalling installation, electronic equipment, electrical wiring etc., and generate audio

visual alarms.

2.2.6 The Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm System covered in this specification shall also

be able to generate requisite commands to activate Automatic Fire Suppression System,

where provided.

2.2.7 It shall be possible to extend the alarm to remote location.

2.2.8 The working of the equipment shall not cause interference to other electrical/electronic

circuits/systems.

2.2.9 The AFDAS shall have provision to provide sufficient sets of Programmable Potential Free

NO/NC contacts (minimum 3 NO and 3 NC for each room where AFSS is installed); to

trigger the Automatic Fire suppression system through logical function as per

RDSO/SPN/218/2016 or latest pertaining to Signalling Installations, if provided, switching

off the power supply to power equipment /relay room (if required) and for interfacing with

the existing Data Logger system. The Current carrying capacity of NO and NC contacts

shall be at least 500mA.

2.2.10 The system shall not degrade the performance of relays, power equipment, wiring, cables

etc. when subjected to Fire Detection & Alarm process.

2.2.11 The system shall be capable of working in non-air conditioned environment in the

installation except for Aspirating (air sampling) type smoke detector. It shall be suitable

for installation on AC/DC electrified and non-electrified sections. It shall be suitable in all

areas including where locomotives having thyristor controlled single phase or 3-phase

induction motors haul passenger or freight trains and where chopper controlled EMU

stocks are operated.

2.2.12 The general principles of the Automatic Fire Detection & Alarm System (AFDAS) shall be

as follows:



(a) The response time for alarm generation from the time of detection by

sensors/detectors shall not exceed ten seconds (NFPA 72 Edition 2016 Para 10.11.1).

It shall reliably transmit the detected signal to the Control Panel, so that it can

translate this detected signal into suitable alarm signal and warn the railway personal

for taking corrective action.

(b) It shall Indicate or display the location of fire, status of detectors with all stages of

alarms.

(c) It shall be possible to expand the system by minimum 20% in future in terms of

various types of sensors subject to minimum of two sensors in each category.

2.2.13 Power Supply Arrangements for AFDAS: The primary source of supply shall be

110V/230V AC to be given by Railways. In case, failure of primary power supply the

system shall work on Secondary power source (battery backup) as part of the system. The

minimum cut off voltage for primary shall be specified by OEM. Whenever the primary

power supply fails to provide minimum voltage required for operation, the secondary

source of power supply shall automatically provide power within 10 seconds (Clause

10.6.6.1 of NFPA 72 Edition 2016).

2.3 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION

& ALARM SYSTEM (AFDAS):

The general arrangement of AFDAS is shown in the block diagram below:

Figure 6: Block diagram for General arrangement of AFDAS



2.4 COMPONENTS OF AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM & DETECTION

SYSTEM:

The main components of an Automatic Fire Alarm & Detection System are:

(a) Fire Alarm Control Panel

(b) Detectors (Smoke, Heat or Multi-sensor)

(c) Manual Call points

(d) Alarm Sounders

(a) Fire Alarm Control Panel:

The control panel is the "brain" of the fire

detection and alarm system. It is responsible

for monitoring the various alarm "input"

devices such as manual and automatic

detection components, and then activating

alarm "output" devices such as horns, bells,

warning lights, emergency telephone

dialers, and building controls.

The detection devices detect the presence of

smoke or particles of combustion and then

alert the FACP about a problem; the FACP

then gives information by activating visual

and audible alarm signals to take

appropriate action. These outputs are typically

for the purpose of warning occupants on a fire

alarm signal, notify the fire brigade, control the

spread of heat, smoke or fire; or used for a wide variety of other purposes.

From this location, the alarm system can be tested, silenced, reset, or programmed as

needed. If the system uses digital addressable initiating devices, the panel will not

only tell us which part of the building has the fire alarm, it will also tell us which

smoke detector, heat detector or flame detector activated the alarm and where in the

building it is located.

(b) Detectors: At the core of a fire alarm system are the detection devices, from sophisticated

intelligent smoke detectors to simple manually operated break glass units, there are a

wide array of different types, but we can divide them into groups including:

(i) Heat detectors: Can either work on a fixed temperature

basis, where it will trigger an alarm if the temperature

exceeds a pre-set value or they can work on the rate of

change in temperature.

Figure 7:

Fire Alarm Control Panel

Figure 8: Heat Detector



(ii) Smoke detectors: There are two basic types of smoke detectors including:

I. Ionization: Ionization Smoke detector generally

contains two chambers. The first is used as a reference

to compensate for changes in ambient temperature,

humidity or pressure. The second chamber contains a

radioactive source, usually alpha particle, which

ionizes the air passing through the chamber where a

current flows between two electrodes.

When smoke enters the chamber the current flow

decreases. This drop in current flow is used to initiate

an alarm.

II. Photoelectric: Photoelectric smoke detectors are designed for detecting

smoke where there is smoke but not necessarily flames. These are further

classified into two types namely Light obscuring type and Light scattering

type.

Light Scattering: The light scattering smoke

detector operates on the Tyndall effect; a

photocell and light source are separated from

each other by a darkened chamber such that the

light source does not fall on the photocell. The

passage of smoke into the chamber causes the

light from the source to be scattered and fall on

the photocell. The photocell output is being used

to initiate an alarm.

Light Obscuring: In the obscuring type the

smoke interferes with a light beam between a

light source and photo cell, the variation in photo

cell output being used to initiate an alarm. This

type of detection can be used to protect large

areas with the source and photo cell positioned

some distance apart.

(iii) Carbon mono-oxide detectors: Carbon monoxide detectors are known also as

CO fire detectors are electronic detectors used to indicate the outbreak of fire by

sensing the level of carbon monoxide in the air. Carbon monoxide detectors have

an electrochemical cell, which senses carbon monoxide, but not smoke or any

other combustion products.

(iv) Multi-sensor detectors: The Multi-sensor detectors

combine inputs from both optical and heat sensors and

process them using a sophisticated algorithm built into

the detector circuitry.

When polled by the control panel the detector returns a

value based on the combined responses from both the

optical and heat sensors. They are designed to be

sensitive to a wide range of fires.

Figure 9: Ionization

Smoke Detector

Figure 10: Light Scattering

Smoke Detector

Figure 11: Light Obscuring

Smoke Detector

Figure 12:

Multi- Sensor Detectors



(c) Manual Call Points: A Manual Call Point or Break Glass Call Point is a device which enables personnel to

raise the alarm by breaking the frangible element on the fascia; this then triggers the

alarm.

(d) Alarm Sounders: (i) Audio alarm sounder: This is an electronic alarm sounder used within the

control of fire alarm system, which provides an audible warning on detection of

fire in any zone of the building.

(ii) Sounder cum strobe: The Sounder cum strobe is designed to give the audio &

visual indication in case of emergency & fire.

Figure 13: Manual Call Points

Figure 14:

Audio Alarm Sounder

Figure 15:

Sounder cum Strobe



2.5 FUNCTIONS AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS OF AFDAS

SYSTEM: The functions and technical requirements of AFDAS system as per RDSO specification

RDSO/SPN/217/2018 Version No.: 2.0 are as follows:

2.5.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE: The AFDAS may consist of Probe Type Bimetallic Heat Detectors, UV&IR Flame

Detectors and Heat & Smoke Multi Sensors which shall be installed, at critical locations to

detect smoke, temperature rise & absolute temperature & send the signal to Control Panel.

The AFDAS shall be an addressable system with facility to program cross zoning of

detectors. In addition, Linear Heat Sensing cable or Linear Heat Detector shall be laid in

cable trays, battery boxes, power equipments etc. for heat detection & sending the signal

to the Control Panel through an Interface. In Air-conditioned Relay Rooms, Aspirating

Smoke detectors shall also be installed for early detection of smoke. On getting the signals

from above detectors/sensors, Control Panel shall give Audio Visual Alarms to the railway

personnel to actuate Fire Extinguishing System manually. The AFDAS shall also have a

feature to trigger “Automatic Fire Suppression System” (if provided) when the

suppression system is interfaced with AFDAS.

2.5.2 MODULES & THEIR FUNCTIONS:

2.5.2.1 Detectors in Diesel Generator Enclosure/Oil Storage Room

2.5.2.2 Probe Type Bi-Metallic Heat Detector:

(a) Probe type bi-metallic resettable type heat detectors as per IS 2189 shall be

used for Diesel Generator Enclosure.

(b) It shall be able to detect temperature and shall communicate alarm signal to

Control Panel when temperature rises above the defined value.

2.5.2.3 UV and IR Flame Detectors:

(a) Diesel Oil Storage room shall be provided with UV and IR flame detector to

facilitate diesel fire detection.

(b) Range of flame detector -min 10 m, response time - less than 10 secs., Type –

Resettable.

(c) The flame detector is capable of communicating the fault and fire event to the

control panel.

2.5.2.4 Heat & Smoke Multi Sensor:

(a) The Smoke & Heat Multi Sensor can be provided in Power Equipment Room,

Battery Room, ASM Room, Non-Air-conditioned Relay Rooms, Diesel

Generator Rooms & other rooms of Signalling Installations.

(b) Each Heat & Smoke multi sensor shall have suitable indications for indicating

Normal Healthy Mode & Alarm Indication mode.

(c) The detector ‘s alarm condition shall be visible from a distance of 6 and shall be

visually different from the indications of the other conditions.

(d) Failure of any indicator shall not prevent the detector from emitting fire signal

indicating the existence of fire.

(e) The detectors shall be addressable and resettable type.



(f) It shall detect the fixed heat above 58°C and the rate of temperature rise

(between 6°C/minute to 11.1°C/minute) independently in addition to the photo

electric smoke detection.

(g) Smoke detector in this multi-sensor shall be able to detect smoke and shall

communicate alarm signal to Control Panel when optical density of smoke

exceeds 0.1dB/m (10 m visibility) as per Clause 5.2.1 of IS: 2189-2008.

2.5.2.5 Aspirating (Air Sampling) Type Smoke Detector:

(a) These type of smoke detectors shall be installed in Air-conditioned Relay

rooms.

(b) Air Sampling Type detector shall use LASER or High power LED. This type of

detector shall use piping or tubing distribution network that shall run from the

detector to the areas to be protected. The aspiration fan in the detector housing

shall draw air from the protected area and back to the detector through air

sampling ports, piping, or tubing. At the detector, the air shall be analysed for

fire products.

(c) The detector shall have the capability of generating four alarm signals

depending upon level of smoke detected.

2.5.2.6 Linear Heat Sensing (LHS) Cable:

(a) Temperature sensitive cable also known as Linear Heat Sensing Cable shall be

laid in all cable trays located in Power Equipment room and relay room. Signal

about alarm temperature shall be sent to Control Panel by LHS interface module

attached with cable system.

(b) The Linear Heat Sensing cable for each zone/room shall be connected to an

electronic interface module, which shall sense the temperature variations by

continuously monitoring the resistance of the negative temperature coefficient

core insulation. The electronic interface module shall be located suitably in the

area being protected.

(c) For a given length of sensing cables, it shall be possible to set the alarm

temperature at 70ºC with an Interface Module and with a tolerance not to exceed

±5%.

2.5.2.7 Linear Heat Sensing (LHS) Interface Module:

(a) LHS Interface should be a microprocessor/microcontroller/PLC based device

that communicates between LHS Cable and Control Panel. It should be an

intelligent device that will monitor LHS cable for continuity and over

temperature fire signatures.

(b) An increase in temperature at any location along the LHS cable's length shall

lower the resistance between conductors in the cable. The change in resistance

shall be detected by the interface module, which will trigger an alarm at the

Control Panel if the temperature rises above a preset threshold.

(c) The LHS interface shall supervise the sensing cable for alarm temperature

condition, open & short circuit to generate a fault condition which shall be

displayed on the interface module faceplate by the 2 LED indicators: FIRE LED

& FAULT LED.

2.5.2.8 Linear Heat Detector (LHD) and its Interface Module:

(a) Temperature sensitive detector also known as linear heat detector may be laid in

all cable trays located in Power Equipment room and relay room. Signal about



alarm temperature shall be sent to Control Panel by LHD interface module

attached with Linear Heat Detection system.

(b) The Linear Heat Detector for each zone/room shall be connected to an

electronic interface module, which shall constantly monitor the pressure inside

the hollow metallic tube (LHD) and sense the temperature variations by

continuously monitoring the pressure. The change in pressure shall be detected

by the interface module, which will trigger an alarm at the Control Panel if the

temperature rises above a preset threshold. The electronic interface module shall

be located suitably in the area being protected.

2.5.2.9 Control Panel:

(a) Detection, actuation, and control system shall have provision for automatic as

well as manual operation. Provision for manual operation shall also be provided

in addition to automatic operation.

(b) The Control Panel shall be the central processing unit of the system, receiving

and analysing signals from Probe type bimetallic heat detectors, UV&IR flame

detectors, Heat and Smoke multi sensors, LHS/LHD Interface, Aspirating Type

Smoke Detectors and Manual Call Points, for providing audible and visual

information to the user.

(c) It shall also have the capability to electronically/electrically activate and release

Fire Extinguishing System, if used any.

(d) The Control Panel should normally be located in Station Master ‘s Room or as

per requirement of purchaser.

(e) There shall be preferably one Control Panel for a station. However, at stations

having bigger relay room & power equipment room deploying more number of

sensors/detectors, more than one Control Panels can be provided but there shall

be a main Control Panel also to control fire extinguishers, to provide alarms, for

user interaction etc. of the entire installation through the individual Control

Panels.

(f) The control panel shall be designed to work on power supply of 110V/230V AC

+10%, -15% as well as on DC battery backup of adequate capacity within a

tolerance of +10%, -15%.

(g) The Control Panel shall have means for the user to visualize and interact with

the complete Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm System layout through a user

friendly software executable on a standard Windows based Personal Computer.

(h) The front panel of the Control Panel shall have the facility of buzzer silence,

alarm silence and alarm activate, lamp test & reset. The front panel shall also

indicate the status like fire, fault, disable, test, supply, primary supply fault,

secondary supply fault (battery fault) and earth fault by respective LEDs/other

suitable means.

(i) The Control Panel shall be able to communicate and display the exact number

of the Sensor or the Part of the Linear Heat Sensing Cable/Detector, which has

activated the Fire Detection System, for pinpoint location of the seat of fire.

(j) It shall be possible to download data and extend alarms from Control Panel

through suitable ports like RS485/RS232/USB/TCP/IP into a PC/Laptop at the

installation and remote location operating on Windows platform.

(k) Audio Visual Indication shall be provided on the control panel and get activated

in case of fire/smoke, trouble/fault and for supervisory functions.

(l) The control panel should have provision to connect a GSM module and the

system(s) shall send SMSs on GSM network to not less than 5 preselected GSM



mobile numbers in case of Level 2, Level 3 and Level 4 signals or as desired by

the user.

(m) The Audio Visual Indication of Control Panel shall have means to indicate the

room i.e. Relay Room or Power Equipment Room or DG Room etc., from

where the alarm situation has been reported and shall also indicate the location

of sensor in that room which has reported the alarm situation. The Control Panel

shall activate the fire extinguisher, if used any, of that room only for

extinguishing the fire.

2.5.2.10 Audio Visual Alarm (Hooter and strobe):

(a) Audio visual alarm (Hooter and strobe) shall be provided with Control Panel

where required.

(b) Audio visual alarm system (Hooter and strobe) shall get activated in case of

fire/smoke.

2.5.2.11 Manual Call Points:

(a) Manual call points must be mounted visibly along escape and rescue routes (e.g.

exits, passageways, stairwells) and be easily accessible.

2.5.2.12 Siting and Spacing of Detectors:

(a) A minimum of two probe type bi-metallic heat detectors shall be provided

inside the Diesel Generator enclosure.

(b) A minimum of two UV&IR flame detectors shall be provided in the Diesel Oil

storage rooms.

(c) One number Smoke and heat multi sensor shall be provided on either side of

each - relay rack, cable termination rack, each IPS equipment, each power

panel, Change over panels, Operating Panel, Maintainer Panel, 230V AC Points

used or unused, above Air Conditioner and other locations where fire like

situation can arise. Adjacent sensor shall be wired/addressed in different zones.

If one detector only identifies fire like situation, then control panel shall provide

only audio visual indication at control panel. If both the adjacent detector

provides the trigger for alarm, then the control panel shall treat as fire like

situation.

(d) Manual call points shall be provided at each entrance/exit.

2.6 FIRE SUPRESSION: For fire suppression, railways shall provide one 4.5 kg capacity, IS 2878: 2004, carbon

dioxide extinguisher for every 100 m2 of floor area or part thereof with minimum of two

extinguishers so located as to be available within 10 m radius in addition to Automatic

Fire Suppression System. (IS: 2190 - Annexure-B).

• For more details on AFDAS please refer RDSO specification RDSO/SPN/217/2018

Version No.: 2.0.

https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/works/uploads/File/AFDAS%20Final%20Draft%20Specification%20RDSO-SPN-217-2018%20Ver%202.0-d1.pdf

https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/works/uploads/File/AFDAS%20Final%20Draft%20Specification%20RDSO-SPN-217-2018%20Ver%202.0-d1.pdf



2.7 NEED FOR AUTOMATIC FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM: Although the AFDAS system as explained above detects the part of the building in which

fire has occurred and gives a warning in the form of audio visual alarm, the fire has to be

extinguished manually with the extinguishers available depending on the type of

installation.

For Example:

In the early morning of 17.06.2015, a major fire occurred at Route Relay Interlocking

(RRI) cabin of Itarsi.

The fire destroyed the whole RRI installation including relay room and operating

panel.

This resulted in total collapse of signal interlocking system governing the movement

of trains through Itarsi.

The whole traffic was badly disrupted in the absence of interlocking.

As per normal schedule, about 145 scheduled Mail Express and Passenger trains and

50-60 freight trains are dealt with at Itarsi station per day in UP and DN directions.

Only 35 pairs of passenger trains and 13 pairs of freight trains could have managed to

be continued per day through manual operation.

Rest all the trains were diverted or cancelled.

As an interim arrangement, a temporary panel was installed which enabled handling

of 110-120 trains per day in place of 35 trains per day with manual operation.

This lasted for 34 days till new RRI was commissioned.

Some photographs of Itarsi RRI after the fire incident are given on following pages:



Figure 16: View of burnt data logger, indoor cabling and false ceiling in relay room

Figure 17: Fig. : Temporary operating panel provided after fire incident



Figure 18: Testing work of new RRI in progress

Figure 19: Views of relay room after commissioning of new RRI



The aftermath:

Damage to costly installation like Relay Room, Operating panel & Power Supply

system.

Complete signalling system paralyzed.

Disruption in automatic train operation.

Severe detention to trains lasting several days.

Loss in terms of man hours due to deputing of additional task force to install a new

system.

Heavy financial loss to Railways due to above.

The losses:

Long detention to trains at Itarsi yard due to manual operation.

50% reduction in train handling capacity at Itarsi.

Cancellation/diversion/short termination of trains for smooth and safe operations.

Summary of the train services cancelled, diverted and short terminated till 21.07.2015:

Date Scheduled

trains

via Itarsi

Cancelled Short

terminated

Diverted

17.06.2015

To 21.07.2015

5016 2404 17 259

This resulted in a huge revenue loss of about Rs 80 Crore to Railways.

After RRI Itarsi like incidence, a need for a more advanced system has been felt which can

automatically extinguish fire in an installation after detecting it. The next section covers

detail of one such system called Automatic Fire Suppression System (AFSS).

2.8 ADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATIC FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM: Fast, efficient and adaptable to a wide range of hazards, Safe for use in occupied areas,

Limits damage to the building, activates automatically (without human intervention)

within the first few minutes of a fire breaking out & Improves the chances of survival by

limiting the spread of flames and the production of smoke & No extinguishing agent

residues, neither corrosive nor electrically conductive.

1. Reduction in cost of material/consumables: Initial cost is high and maintenance

cost is low.

2. Saving in manpower: Systems do not require human intervention although they do

provide a manual override option in case of emergency.

3. Reduction in breakdown time or improvement in availability/reliability of assets: Pre-engineered fire suppression systems provide fast, on-site protection at the earliest

stage of a fire.

4. Time taken in maintenance and breakdowns: Very Fast action to suppress the

combustion.



Section 3

AFSS FOR SIGNALLING INSTALLATIONS



3.1 INTRODUCTION: Automatic fire suppression systems control and extinguish fires automatically without

human intervention. For Railway Signalling installations these shall conform to RDSO

Draft specification no. RDSO/SPN/218/2016 ver. 1.0 d2.6.1

3.2 TYPES: As per RDSO Draft specification no. RDSO/SPN/218/2016 AFSS shall be of two types:

1. Total Flooding Automatic Fire Suppression System (TFAFSS):

The TFAFSS shall be an engineered* system consists of an agent supply and

distribution network designed to achieve a total flooding condition in a hazard

volume. The TFAFSS shall be initiated both automatically and manually. The

TFAFSS shall be suitable to suppress fire/fire like situation in relay room, power

equipment room, electronic equipment, electrical wiring battery rooms, IPS rooms,

DG rooms and any other rooms concerned to signalling installations & shall be able to

extinguish fire before it causes damage to any of the above equipment.

2. In-Cabinet Automatic Fire Suppression System (ICAFSS):

The ICAFSS shall be a pre-engineered** system designed to self-detect, actuate &

suppress fire/fire like situation within electrical/electronic equipment cabinet before

fire could cause damage to any of the above equipment. The ICAFSS shall be suitable

to suppress fire/fire like situation inside electrical cabinets, transformers, invertors,

cable trays and electronic equipment. The TFAFSS shall be suitable for installation in

power equipment rooms, relay rooms.

* Two common types of fire suppression systems are engineered and pre-engineered

systems. An engineered fire suppression system works by flooding an entire room with

clean agent. Clean agents are gases that suppress fires without harming humans or

equipment.

** Unlike engineered systems, pre-engineered systems do not flood an entire room.

Instead, they are designed to protect smaller enclosures or special hazards.

https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/works/uploads/File/Second%20Final%20Draft%20Specification%20After%2085th%20SSC%20AFSS%20d2%20After%20accept%20change.pdf



3.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:

Automatic Fire Suppression System for Signalling Installation (AFSS) shall consist of the

followings:

3.3.1 Total Flooding Automatic Fire Suppression System (TFAFSS): -

(a) Clean Agent Filled Containers as per IS: 7285

(b) Pressure gauge with low pressure switch

(c) Distribution System

(d) Automatic Fire Suppression System Control Panel (AFSSCP)

(e) Alarm Unit

(f) Cables & Relays

(g) Heavy duty weighing scale with digital indicator for monitoring the weight of the

container. (Optional).

3.3.2 In-Cabinet Automatic Fire Suppression System (ICAFSS): -

(a) In-Cabinet Automatic Fire Suppression System Monitoring Panel (ICMP)

(b) Clean agent filled Container as per IS: 7285/ IS: 15683

(c) Pressure Gauge with low pressure switch

(d) Valve

(e) Heat sensing element

(f) Alarm Unit

(g) Cables & Relays

3.3.3 The AFSS shall not degrade the performance of relays, power equipment, wiring, cables

etc. when subjected to fire suppression/extinguishing process.

3.3.4 The AFSS shall work satisfactorily & reliably over the entire range of following

environmental parameters:

(a) Temperature range: -- 10oC to + 55

oC (NFPA 2001 Para 4.1.4.3).

(b) Humidity: - 0 to 95 %.

(c) External heating or cooling arrangements shall be used to keep the temperature of the

storage container within the desired limits (NFPA 2001 Para 4.1.4.6). These external

heating or cooling arrangements shall be provided by the purchaser for TFAFSS as

per guidelines of manufacturer.

3.3.5 The TFAFSS shall be possible to be interfaced with the existing Fire Alarm System

wherever available or to be provided with Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm System

as per RDSO/SPN/217/2016 Ver. 1.0 or latest.

3.3.6 The TFAFSS shall have manual override to initiate TFAFSS or to disable the system.

3.3.7 The working of the AFSS shall not cause interference to other electrical/electronic

circuits/systems and shall not damage relays, wiring, power equipment etc.

3.3.8 The TFAFSS shall incorporate a pre discharge alarm with a time delay sufficient to allow

personnel evacuation prior to discharge.

3.3.11 The TFAFSS shall consist of a time delay device, which shall be used only for personnel

evacuation or to prepare the hazard area for discharge.



3.3.12 Automatic/manual switch shall be provided in the Automatic Fire Suppression System

Control Panel (AFSSCP) to the protected area where required.

A Lock off Valve shall be provided in the discharge pipe between the nozzle and agent

supply. This shall be used to prevent discharge of clean agent through distribution pipe

work to the protected area during maintenance. The status of Lock off Valve shall be

monitored by AFSSCP.

3.4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF AFSS: 3.4.1 The extinguishing Clean Agent and/or its by-products shall not leave any residue and shall

not be harmful to living beings, environment, electrical equipment, electronic equipment,

power equipment, signalling equipment, relays and shall not cause interference to

working of electrical/electronic/signalling circuits/systems and shall not damage relays,

wiring, power equipment etc.

3.4.2 During the course of fire extinguishing process & after that, it shall not provide any

conductance or any insulation between relay contacts, terminals & exposed wires.

3.4.3 It shall be friendly to the ozone layer. While discharge, it shall not deplete the oxygen

content beyond the NOAEL.

3.4.4 The containers used for TFAFSS shall be Seamless Steel containers manufactured to IS:

7285 and shall be PESO approved.

3.4.5 The containers used for ICAFSS shall be Steel containers manufactured to IS: 7285/IS:

15683 and shall be type approved as per the relevant IS Specification.

3.4.6 There shall be an arrangement of refilling once the fire extinguishing system is operated.

Refilling shall be done at PESO Authorized Filling Stations.

3.4.7 The general arrangement of AFSS for control flow shall be as per Annexure-C (Placed at

Page No.49).

3.5 FIRE PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR TFAFSS: The TFAFSS shall be installed along with the fire preventive measures described as

follows:

(This clause is optional for ICAFSS manufacturer)

3.5.1 Insulated cover for Lugs of battery terminals.

3.5.2 Air Conditioner Fire detection and suppression device that also helps in preventing the

spread of fire.

3.5.3 Fire preventive provision for the conduits from where cables enter.

3.5.4 Fire Granules for prevention in cable trays.

3.5.5 Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus as per IS 10245-Part-IV and Protective dress at least

two sets for each signalling installation provided with AFSS.



3.5.6 Any rearrangement of electrical gadgets required for installation of AFSS shall be done by

the purchaser.

3.5.7 Exit routes shall be kept clear at all times and provision of emergency lighting and

adequate direction signs to minimize travel distances shall be provided.

3.5.8 All the doors shall have facility to open from inside even though they are locked from

outside to allow any person to come out of the hazard area. This arrangement is to be

done by the purchaser.

3.6 LIMITS OF RADIO FREQUENCY/ELECTROMAGNETIC

INTERFERENCE:

Radio frequency/electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic compatibility must be

available. The limits for EMI shall be 2KV (±10%), 5 KHz (±20%) for Power supply ports

and 1KV (±10%), 5 KHz (±20%) for input/output signal, data and control ports (IEC

61000 4-4).

3.7 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF AUTOMATIC FIRE

SUPPRESSION SYSTEM FOR SIGNALLING INSTALLATION

(AFSS): The general arrangement of AFSS for Signalling installation is as given below:

Diesel Generator room

Zone:6 Battery room

Zone:5

IPS room

Zone:4

Cable room

Zone:2 Relay room

Zone:1 Diesel oil storage room

Zone:7

Data logger room

Zone:3

Figure 20: Block diagram for General arrangement of AFSS for Signalling installation



3.8 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS: 3.8.1 CLEAN AGENT: 3.8.1.1 The clean agent shall be halocarbon based and shall be approved by UL/FM/Vds/LPCB.

3.8.1.2 The clean agent shall extinguish a fire by removing the free radicals or heat elements

from the fire tetrahedron. (Oxygen, Heat, Fuel& Chemical Reaction).

3.8.2 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TFAFSS:

3.8.2.1 TFAFSS System Design Engineering:

(i) The purchaser shall give the details of installation for TFAFSS as per Annexure-

A. Based on these inputs, the manufacturer shall carry out the piping Isometric

design and validate the same with a hydraulic flow calculation generated by using

the UL/FM/Vds/LPCB approved software. The appropriate fill density shall be

arrived at based on the same.

(ii) The design & calculation of clean agent shall be checked & certified by trained

design engineer of the clean agent and inspecting official jointly.

(iii) The minimum design quantity of clean agent shall be as per NFPA 2001(latest

edition).

(iv) The maximum permitted time to extinguish a fire with a halocarbon agent shall

not exceed 10 seconds as per clause no. 5.7.1 of NFPA 2001.

(v) Container shall be actuated by resettable electric actuator as well as manual

actuator.

(vi) Each Container shall have a pressure gauge and low pressure switch to provide

visual and electrical supervision of the container pressure.

(vii) The low-pressure switch shall be wired to the AFSSCP to provide audible and

visual "Trouble" alarms in the event the container pressure drops below the value,

which is to be specified by Manufacturer of TFAFSS.

(viii) The pressure gauge shall be colour coded to provide an easy, visual indication of

container pressure.

3.8.2.2 TFAFSS Distribution System Design:

(i) The pipes used in the pipe network shall be made of Stainless/carbon Steel

(ASTM A53/53M-12/106) including their assemblies such as couplings, unions,

elbows, tees, end caps, capillary tubes, sampling ports and mounting brackets. The

pipe network shall be free of particulate matter and oil residue before installation

of nozzles and discharge devices.

(ii) All piping shall be adequately supported and anchored at all directional changes

and nozzle locations.

3.8.2.3 Storage Container Arrangement for TFAFSS:

(i) The storage container and its accessories shall be compatible to the clean agent

used and shall be designed for the anticipated pressures.

(ii) Each container shall be equipped with pressure relief device to protect against

excessive pressure situations (NFPA 70 A.4.1.4.1).

(iii) The maximum fill density limit specified for each liquefied clean agent shall not

be exceeded.

(iv) The storage container shall be suitable to work up to a maximum temperature of

55°C.



3.8.2.4 Nozzles for TFAFSS:

(i) To avoid clogging of external foreign materials, the discharge nozzles shall be

provided with flange discs, blow off caps or other suitable devices.

(ii) Engineered discharge nozzles shall be provided within the clean agent

manufacturer's guidelines to distribute the clean agent throughout the protected

spaces.

(iii) The nozzles shall be designed to provide proper agent quantity and distribution.

(iv) Nozzles shall be available in 1/2 in. to 2 in. pipe sizes. Each size shall be available

in 180°and 360°distribution patterns.

3.8.2.5 Valve for TFAFSS:

(i) All valve components shall be compatible with the agent used in the suppression

system.

3.8.2.6 Electric Actuator for TFAFSS:

(i) Electric actuator (solenoid or equivalent) valve shall be used for opening the

container or at zone selection point for discharge. It shall be driven by the

AFSSCP and shall work on 24VDC.

3.8.2.7 Time Delay:

(i) Time delay shall be used only for personnel evacuation and preparing hazard area

for discharge of TFAFSS.

(ii) No time delay shall be required for ICAFSS.

(iii) The time delay shall range from 60 seconds to 120 seconds from the reception of

alarm signal from detection system depending on the time required for the last

person to come out of the Fire Hazard area.

3.8.2.8 Discharge Time:

(i) The discharge time required to achieve 95% of the minimum design concentration

with at least20% safety factor for the fire suppression shall not exceed 10 seconds.

3.8.2.9 Manual Actuator for TFAFSS:

(i) The manual actuator device shall be used for opening the container at zone

selection point for discharge manually.

(ii) The system shall also be capable of being actuated by manual discharge devices

located at each hazard entrance/exit.

(iii) Operation of a manual device shall duplicate the sequence description above

except the time delays and abort functions be bypassed.

(iv) The manual discharge actuator shall be of the electrical/pneumatic actuation type

and shall be supervised at the AFSSCP.

(v) The Abort switch shall have IP 31 protection.

3.8.2.10 Abort Switch for TFAFSS:

(i) To avoid unwanted discharge of clean agent system, an Abort switch shall be

provided. The Abort switch shall be located within the protected area near the

exit.

(ii) The Abort switch shall interrupt the releasing circuit to the suppression system.

(iii) The Abort switch shall be of such type that requires constant pressure to inhibit

the discharge.

(iv) The operation of Abort switch shall cause distinct audio and visual alarm.



(v) The Abort switch operation shall override all the other systems except the

ICAFSS. If the abort switch is initiated before the automatic discharge delay

expiry, the system shall prevent agent release and the automatic delay timer shall

stop. When the abort switch is restored, the automatic delay timer shall resume

from the stop point and agent release shall occur with the expiry of the timer.

(vi) Software based Abort switch shall not be permitted.

(vii) A telephone is required to be provided near Abort switch. The Abort switch shall

have IP 31 protection.

3.8.2.11 Detection Arrangement for TFAFSS:

(i) The detectors for detection of fire/fire like situation for triggering AFSSCP shall

be provided as per RDSO/SPN/217/2016 or latest by the purchaser.

3.8.2.12 Automatic Fire Suppression System Control Panel (AFSSCP):

(To be supplied by TFAFSS manufacturer)

(i) The AFSSCP shall be of PLC/microcontroller based with monitoring for AC

power ON, System ON, system discharge, electrical actuator status, pressure

healthy, position of Lock off valve, removal of clean agent container and battery

low by LED indicators and system operation by LED strobe light and buzzer.

(ii) Necessary inputs for discharge, pressure switch, Trigger from AFDAS and ICMP

shall be provided by means of Potential Free Contact. Zone wise discharge facility

shall be available. All the outputs shall have potential free relay contact (NO/NC).

(iii) The AFSSCP shall be provided with 50 dB piezoelectric buzzer output.

(iv) The AFSSCP shall be fitted in an IP 31- enclosure.

(v) The AFSSCP shall be designed to work on power supply of 24 V DC ±20% as

well as 110VAC/230 V AC ±20%. The AFSSCP shall have inbuilt charging

facility to have 24V DC battery backup (VRLA as per IRS: S-93/96(A) or latest)

for at least 24 hours.

(vi) The AFSSCP shall be self-checking & diagnostic type. The data regarding health

& event shall be logged in the system with date & time stamp, which could be

downloaded to a PC/ Laptop at later stage. The system shall have capacity to store

data for up to a minimum of 1000 fire events and 1000 other events. The AFSSCP

shall be networkable to the Zonal/Divisional Railway headquarters preferably

over TCP/IP and shall have clock synchronization facility.

(vii) It shall be possible to download data from Control unit through suitable ports like

RS232/USB into a PC/Laptop operating on Windows platform. The software for

downloading and analysing fault data shall be provided & shall be compatible

with windows operating system.

(viii) Operating devices such as system isolate switches and ancillary equipment;

including shutdown equipment; dampers and door closures, required for

successful system performance shall be considered integral parts of the system.

All ancillaries should incorporate manual reset facilities.

(ix) GSM Module (optional): The AFSSCP should have a GSM module and the

system(s) shall send SMSs on GSM network to not less than 5 preselected GSM

mobile numbers as desired by the user. The mobile numbers shall be configurable.

SMS shall be generated within 30 seconds of the AFSSCP receiving the detection

signals and if the sending fails, subsequent sending of SMS shall be tried by the

system immediately. The SIM required for the GSM modem shall be provided by

the purchaser.



3.8.3 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR IN-CABINET AUTOMATIC FIRE

SUPPRESSION SYSTEM (ICAFSS): 3.8.3.1 The ICAFSS shall be so designed that it shall self-detect, actuate & suppress fire/fire

like situation within electrical/electronic equipment cabinet before fire could cause

damage to any of the above equipment.

3.8.3.2 Storage Container for ICAFSS:

(i) The storage container and its accessories shall be compatible to the clean agent

used and shall be designed for the anticipated pressures.

(ii) The maximum fill density limit specified for each liquefied clean agent shall not

be exceeded.

(iii) The storage container shall be suitable to work up to a maximum temperature of

55°C.

(iv) Each Container shall have a pressure gauge and low pressure switch to provide

visual and electrical supervision of the container pressure.

(v) The low-pressure switch shall be wired to the ICMP to provide audible and visual

"Trouble" alarms in the event the container pressure drops below the value, which

is to be specified by Manufacturer of ICAFSS.

(vi) The pressure gauge shall be colour coded to provide an easy, visual indication of

container pressure.

3.8.3.3 Detection Arrangement for ICAFSS:

(i) The ICAFSS shall be equipped with detection arrangements in the area under its

influence (in cabinet).

(ii) The heat sensing element used for ICAFSS shall be such that it detects fire or fire

like situation in each partition of the cabinet.

3.8.3.4 In Cabinet Automatic Fire Suppression System Monitoring Panel (ICMP):

(i) The ICMP shall have the facility to trigger the TFAFSS (if provided).

(ii) The ICMP shall be provided with 50 dB piezoelectric buzzer output.

(iii) The ICMP shall have potential free relay contact (NO and NC) at least 4 Nos.

(iv) The ICMP shall be self-checking & diagnostic type.

(v) The data regarding health & event shall be logged in the ICMP with date & time

stamp, which could be downloaded to a PC/ Laptop at later stage.

(vi) The system shall have capacity to store data for up to a minimum of 1000 fire

events and 1000 other events. The ICMP shall be networkable to the

Zonal/Divisional Railway headquarters preferably over TCP/IP and shall have

clock synchronization facility.

(vii) The ICMP shall be provided with 50 dB piezoelectric buzzer output.

(viii) The ICMP shall have the facility to monitor the health of containers and trigger to

the AFSSCP to trigger the TFAFSS by means of potential free contact. The ICMP

shall be fitted in an IP 31- enclosure.

(ix) The ICMPs shall be powered from the SMPS Based IPS available at station with

24V-32V DC-DC converters in 1+1 configuration.

3.8.3.5 Details of installation:

The purchaser shall give the details of installation for ICAFSS as per ANNEXURE

B- Format for Design Calculations for ICAFSS.



3.8.4 ALARM UNIT (AU): (i) The AU shall be provided for warning of hazardous condition. It shall provide

audio & visual warning alarm for personnel evacuation prior to discharge for

TFAFSS only. The audio & visual alarm for ICAFSS shall be activated during

discharge.

(ii) The AU shall be such that a hazardous condition is indicated through audio and

visual warning prior to discharge of the agent.

(iii) The AU shall be complied relevant clauses of RDSO/SPN/144/2006 or latest.

(iv) The AU shall have IP 31 protection.

3.8.5 REFILLING OF STORAGE CONTAINERS:

(i) Before the system containers are moved, the container outlets shall be connected

with anti-recoil devices, caps or both when the container outlet is connected to the

system pipe inlet. Actuators shall be disabled before the containers are removed

from the retaining bracketing. Safe handling procedures are to be followed while

transporting the system containers. Equipment designed for transporting containers

shall only be used. The Manufacturer shall be completely responsible for refilling

the empty container from authorized filling stations and transportation of filled

containers to the protected area. The purchaser shall ensure that the contract is in

place with the Manufacturer for such refilling and transportation.

3.8.6 FIRE SURVIVAL CABLES: 3.8.6.1 The cables shall be of Fire Survival type and shall be as follows:

(i) Armoured copper cables of minimum 2C x 1.5 sq.mm having cross linkable Low

smoke halogen free insulation, inner & outer sheath, 1000V rated, twisted shall be

used when the entire circuit is not within the same building.

(ii) Unarmoured copper cables of minimum 2C x 1.5 sq.mm having cross linkable Low

smoke halogen free insulation and sheath 500V rated, twisted with ATC un-

insulated circuit protective conductor of 1.5 sq.mm, aluminium tape screening shall

be used when the entire circuit is within the same building.

(iii) Armoured and unarmoured shall have anti-rodent outer sheath with Low Smoke

Properties.

3.8.7 ELECTRICAL CLEARANCES:

3.8.7.1 All of the AFSS components shall be located to maintain no less than the minimum

horizontal and vertical clearance of at least 50mm (as per Clause 7.4.4.3 of SP 30:2011)

from the energized electrical parts.

3.9 INSPECTION AND TESTING: 3.9.1 GENERAL:

(i) Type, Acceptance and Routine tests on AFSS and its sub-units, including

outsourced items; as and when required, shall be conducted by concerned agencies.

(ii) Type test shall be conducted by RDSO as per RDSO’s vendor approval processes

to verify that product meets the design and performance requirement of the

specification. Acceptance test shall be carried out by inspecting agencies

nominated to accept a supply lot. Routine Test for the complete/sub system shall be

carried out by manufacturer.



(iii) The routine test shall be carried out by the manufacturer on each unit and the

proper record to be maintained by the manufacturer.

(iv) Acceptance test shall be carried out by inspecting agencies nominated to accept

supply lot.

3.9.2 TEST PROCEDURE: 3.9.2.1 Visual Check:

(i) The AFSS shall be checked for proper manufacturing, proper fitment in its

enclosure, connection and dimensions as agreed between manufacturer and

purchaser.

(ii) Each unit of the AFSS shall be visually inspected to ensure compliance with the

requirement of clauses of this specification. The visual inspection shall broadly

include:

(a) Constructional details

(b) Dimensional check

(c) General workmanship

(d) Configuration

(e) Indications and displays

(f) Mounting and clamping of connectors

(g) Markings.

3.9.3 MARKING: 3.9.3.1 The following information shall be clearly marked on a permanent name plate at a

suitable place on each item of AFSS:

(i) Name, trademark and Address of the manufacturer;

(ii) Month and Year of the manufacture;

(iii) Serial number of Equipment;

(iv) Version number;

(v) RDSO Specification number;

(vi) Identification regarding recognized Lab certification;

3.9.3.2 A connection diagram for TFAFSS shall be provided on the AFSSCP

.

3.9.3.3. A connection diagram for ICAFSS shall be provided on the AFSSCP.

3.9.3.4. In addition to above the containers used shall be marked as follows:

(i) The agent used;

(ii) Tare and gross weight of the container;

(iii) The super-pressurization level;

(iv) Test pressure and date of the hydrostatic stretch test;

3.9.3.5 The marking shall be as per Clauses 12.1 and 12.2 of specification RDSO/SPN/144/2006

Rev. 2.0. i.e.:

“All markings/ indications shall be easily legible and durable. Where the marking is

by use of labels, the labels shall be metallic and shall be firmly fixed and shall not be

capable of being removed by hand. Durability of marking shall be checked by

rubbing the marking by hand with a piece of cloth soaked with petroleum spirit. This

requirement shall also be met after completion of climatic test.



All markings/ indications shall be placed in the vicinity of the components to which

these refer and shall not be placed on removable parts, if these parts can be replaced

in such a way that the marking/indications can become misleading.”

3.9.3.6 The words ‘INDIAN RAILWAY PROPERTY’ shall be engraved/embossed on every unit

in letters of at least 10 mm size at a conspicuous place.

3.10 INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE:

3.10.1 INSTALLATION:

3.10.1.1 TFAFSS:

(i) Installation and commissioning of TFAFSS shall be done by Manufacturer as

specified by the purchaser. Manufacturer shall issue a certificate of fitness of

installation before commissioning with the approval of CSTE of Zonal Railways.

For this, Zonal Railways and manufacturer shall ensure the compliance to Pre-

commissioning checklist.

(ii) The manufacturer shall perform Enclosure Evaluation test for each location before

installation as per Annex-D of NFPA 2001. In some circumstances it is necessary to

gain the approval of the CSTE of Zonal Railways to waive the quantitative results of

a standard door fan test and instead conduct a detailed witnessed leak inspection.

This alternate testing process is described in NFPA 2001 Annex C.1.2.2 (5) in a

section titled Technical Judgment. The purchaser shall comply the observations of

room integrity test.

3.10.1.2 ICAFSS:

(i) Installation and commissioning of ICAFSS shall be done by Manufacturer as

specified by the purchaser. Manufacturer shall issue a certificate of fitness of

installation before commissioning with the approval of CSTE of Zonal Railways.

For this, Zonal Railways and manufacturer shall ensure the compliance to Pre-

commissioning checklist.

3.10.2 MAINTENANCE: The maintenance schedule along with necessary check list shall be issued by

manufacturer with the approval of RDSO.

3.10.3 TRAINING: The manufacturer shall impart adequate and suitable training to the satisfaction of the

purchaser for each installation, in operation, maintenance, inspection, testing of the

AFSS including Fire prevention measures.

3.10.4 DOCUMENTATION: Two copies of Installation and maintenance manual. This should also include following

information:

(i) Guaranteed performance data, technical and other particulars.

(ii) Schematic block diagram showing mounting arrangement of various components

& details of each type of assemblies such as containers, valve, hose, piping

arrangement, nozzles, control wiring, location of fail safety device, location of

manual discharge switches, location & description of warning signs etc.

(iii) Mechanical drawings of every unit & complete installation of AFSS.



(iv) Part no. and manufacturer’s data sheet of each component used.

(v) Trouble shooting procedure.

(vi) Do’s & Don’ts

(vii) Pre-installation checklist, Pre-commissioning checklist and Maintenance checklist.



Section-4

MX 1230 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM



4.1 INTRODUCTION: Fire Suppression System MX 1230 is a product of M/s MX System International Pvt.

Ltd., Mumbai (A subsidiary of Minimax GMBH KG & Co, Germany).

4.2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION:

4.2.1 SINGLE ZONE SYSTEMS Single container systems

Figure 21: Parts of Single Container System of MX 1230 Fire Suppression System with

two different versions

4.2.2 Main Parts:

1 Extinguishing agent container 2 Clamp

3 Pressure gauge/Contact pressure

gauge

4A Valve

4B Valve with integrated electrical

release

5 Release device, electric (also

available with a mechanic blocking

device) 6 Release device, manual or

pneumatic/manual

7 DN40/DN50 (1 1/2 inch and 2

inch) Hose

8 Manual release of the limit switch 9 Pneumatically actuated limit switch

10 Pipeline 11 Discharge nozzle



4.3 FUNCTION: Single zone systems safeguard one protected enclosure and can be composed of one or

several extinguishing agent containers.

Single zone systems equipped with only one extinguishing agent container (single

container systems) have an electric release device (also available with a mechanic

blocking device). The device is fitted on the valve of the extinguishing agent container

and activated by the fire suppression detection system. There is also the option of fitting

a manual release device on the electric release device in order to allow the system to be

activated manually.

Multi container systems are equipped with several extinguishing agent containers

which are connected by a pilot line. These are required, for instance, if you wish to

safeguard an extensive protected enclosure. The first extinguishing agent container

("control cylinder") of a multi container system lacking a pneumatic release device

(PAE) is activated electrically (and, as an option, manually as well) just as the

extinguishing agent container of a single container system. All other extinguishing agent

containers ("Slave") are activated pneumatically via a pilot line.

Multi container systems equipped with a pneumatic release device (PAE) have a pilot

cylinder that is activated electrically. The CO2 contained in the pilot cylinder flows

through the pilot line to the pneumatic release devices, mounted on the extinguishing

agent containers, and opens them.

In contrast to single container systems, the extinguishing agent released in a multi

container system first flows from the hose via check valves to a manifold. The

extinguishing agent flows from there through the nozzle pipeline to the discharge

nozzles where it evaporates and exits into the extinguishing zone.

4.4 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: As soon as the detection system installed in the protected enclosure detects a fire, an

alarm will be triggered by the fire suppression detection system. A pulse is transmitted to

the electric release devices after the specified pre-discharge timer has expired.

Afterwards, the quick release valves of the pressurized extinguishing agent containers

open.

The liquid extinguishing agent flows into the pipeline system. The check valves installed

in the pipeline system prevent the extinguishing agent from flowing back into the

container. The extinguishing agent flows to the discharge nozzle(s) of the system which

are installed in the protected enclosure. The extinguishing agent vaporizes at the

discharge nozzles and is dispersed across the extinguishing zone as a gaseous mix made

up of extinguishing agent and air.

This suppresses the fire by extracting heat energy from the flames. Throughout the

extinguishing process, the oxygen concentration in the extinguishing zone is slightly

reduced. The retention time (hold time) of the extinguishing zone must comply with

NFPA 2001.

In addition to the automatic, electric release, electric manual releases can be used to

activate the system manually. These releases are installed at the extinguishing zone.



4.5 OPERATION:

4.5.1 TOOLS REQUIRED FOR OPERATION: The following tools are required to operate the system:

(i) Screw reset tool (887645): The screw reset tool is used to reset a previously

activated electric release device.

(ii) Wrench: Wrenches of different sizes.

4.5.2 ISOLATING THE SYSTEM: If the work performed inside the protected enclosure makes it difficult to leave the

protected enclosure within the pre-discharge timer, the system must be isolated for safety

reasons.

This is also necessary in cases where work is performed on the fire suppression detection

system or if the work may set off the system inadvertently – for instance, during welding

operations. Isolating the system prevents the extinguishing agent from being released

accidentally.

Multi zone and single zone systems equipped with pneumatic release device (PAE) are

fitted with blocking devices that are installed in the pneumatic pilot line and can be used

to isolate the system. Single container and multi container systems that lack a pneumatic

release device (PAE) are equipped with an electric release device that comes with an

integrated blocking device.

4.6 RESETTING THE ISOLATION:

4.6.1 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:

4.6.1.1 Failure to reset:

(i) Do not shut down the system longer than necessary.

(ii) Reset the isolation without delay when all work is complete.

When isolated, the system does not provide any fire protection in the assigned

extinguishing zone. There is danger to life and a risk of significant property damage in

case a fire erupts.

4.6.1.2 Premature reset:

(i) Do not reset the isolation until all work that may cause inadvertent activation is

complete.

(ii) Allow only the person in charge of the system to reset the isolation.

(iii) Make sure the isolation of the system cannot be reset by third parties in an

unregulated manner.

If the isolation of the system is reset while work is still being performed in the

extinguishing zone, the system may be activated inadvertently. This may lead to injury

and significant property damage caused by discharged extinguishing agent.

4.6.1.3 Reset on activation:

(i) Do not reset the isolation if a release device is being activated.

If the isolation is reset while a pneumatic or electric release device is being activated,

the system will be set off instantaneously.



4.6.2 RESETTING THE ISOLATION IN THE EVENT OF FIRE:

If the system is isolated when activated in the event of a fire, the isolation can be reset

retroactively (with effect from a date in the past).

(i) The isolation cannot be reset retroactively unless the control voltage is still

supplied to the fire suppression detection system. As some fire suppression

detection systems send only a single pulse, releasing the system retroactively is

not possible with these types of control panels.

(ii) Make sure no one is still inside the extinguishing zone.

(iii) To reset the isolation, set the blocking device to the Operation position. Z If the

system was isolated by removing the release devices because it is not equipped

with a blocking device, it must not be put back into operation immediately by

refitting the release devices.

= The extinguishing agent containers open instantaneously.

(iv) Leave the extinguishing zone immediately.

4.6.3 ACTIVATING THE SYSTEM: The system is activated automatically by fire alarm systems installed in the protected

enclosure. Other options to activate the system manually vary with the design of the

system.

(i) Electric manual release at the extinguishing zone.

(ii) Manual release at the "control cylinder" extinguishing agent container or the pilot

cylinder.

If a release device has been activated, the activation of the system can no longer be

stopped or interrupted.

4.7 RESTORING OPERATIONAL READINESS AFTER A RELEASE:

Do not re-enter the extinguishing zone after a fire until the fire department has given the

all- clear.

If the presence of decomposition products cannot be excluded, wear a self-contained

breathing apparatus.

Fires generate decomposition products which may lead to chronic health impairments if

inhaled and if there is contact with the skin.

After the system has released and the fire is extinguished, execute the following

activities to restore operational readiness of the system:

(i) Relieve the pressure in the pilot lines (if present)

(ii) Close the valve of the pilot cylinder (if present)

(iii) Close the selector valves (only for multi zone systems)

(iv) Dismount the release devices

(v) Have the extinguishing agent containers replaced/filled

(vi) Replace the pilot cylinder (if present)

(vii) Start up the fire suppression detection system

(viii) Perform a function test

4.8 DO’S & DON’TS OF AFSS: Allow only an Authorized Distributor or service personnel authorized by the Authorized

Distributor to perform any maintenance and repairs on the system. Contact can be

established through the manufacturer Keep functional reserve extinguishing equipment on

hand (e.g. fire extinguishers).



4.8.1 DO’S: (i) Schedule routine maintenance through fire protection experts.

(ii) Ensure that systems are properly working through routine tests.

(iii) Place the system in service immediately after conclusion of the inspection and

maintenance tasks.

(iv) Ensure that all inspection and maintenance tasks are only performed by

appropriately qualified personnel.

(v) Store extinguishers in easily accessed areas that are clear and open.

(vi) Ensure order and cleanliness at the installation Location.

(vii) Train building occupants how to handle an extinguisher.

4.8.2 DON’TS: (i) Neglect any possible issues with the system.

(ii) Keep extinguishers in inaccessible areas that are difficult to reach.

(iii) Forget to test and schedule maintenance.

(iv) Shut down the system longer than necessary.

4.9 MX 200 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM: A similar type of system MX 200 integrated with Automatic Fire Detection and

Suppression System (AFDSS) is installed at RRI/Itarsi of Bhopal division, West Central

Railway.

4.9.1 PHOTOGRAPHS OF INSTALLATION Some photographs of MX 200 installation are given below:

Figure 22: Multi -Cylinder System with all connections

Figure 23: Pipe network for discharge of gas in relay room



Figure 24: Control Panel for AFSS

Figure 26:

Manual Quick Gas Release Switch

Figure 25:

Manual Gas Discharge Prohibit

Switch



4.9.2 IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS FOR S&T & OPERATING STAFF: 4.9.2.1 The state of art Aspiration type smoke detection system has 10 stages warning which

gives alarm at very early stage. On hearing the fire alarm, follow these steps:

(i) Do not Panic.

(ii) Confirm the existence of fire by visual inspection of relay room.

(iii) If fire is found and is small and if it by the opinion of staff, it can be suppressed by

the portable fire extinguisher then prohibit the FM 200 gas discharge by breaking

the glass of “The Gas Discharge Prohibit” (Yellow) box.

(iv) Suppress the fire by portable fire extinguishers.

(v) However, if the fire could not be suppressed by portable extinguisher then vacate

the relay room completely and break the glass of Quick Gas Release (Red) box. Do

not open any door or window during or 25-30 minutes after the discharge of the

gas.

(vi) To reset the fire suppression system in Automatic mode, replace the glass of “The

Gas Discharge Prohibit” (Yellow) box.

(vii) Report the fire incidence to appropriate authorities and to the firm.

4.9.2.2 If the fire is big and if by the opinion of the staff, it cannot be put off by portable fire

extinguisher then follow these steps:

(i) Ask all staff members to vacate the premises.

(ii) Before leaving the relay room staff should ensure that all windows, doors are

closed and the electric power supply is switched off.

(iii) The AFDSS System, after a preset time delay of 60 seconds, will automatically

discharge the fire suppression gas and suppress the fire.

(iv) Do not open any door or window during or 25-30 minutes after the discharge of the

gas.

(v) Report the fire incidences to appropriate authorities and to us.

4.9.2.3 If there is fire alarm and if it is not attended by staff, in that event the Aspiration System

will give alarm up to 9 stages and at the 10th

stage the FM 200 gas will be discharged in

the relay room automatically and the fire will be automatically suppressed.

4.9.2.4 AFDSS is equipped with the flame sensor. If there is an alarm from flame sensor, then

the procedure explained in para 4.9.2.1 should be followed.

4.9.4.5 In the event of false alarm (Fire alarm without any fire) then prohibit the FM200 gas

discharge by breaking the glass of “The Gas Discharge Prohibit” (Yellow) box. Now

Fire Suppression System will be running in Manual mode (Fire can be suppressed by

pressing Quick Gas Release). Ensure the cause of false alarm and then replace the glass

of “The Gas Discharge Prohibit” (Yellow) box to put fire suppression system in Auto

mode. Report this event to appropriate authorities and the firm.

4.9.2.6 In the event of total power failure and if there is a fire then the system can be discharged

by pulling the lever provided on valve of the cylinder.

Note: At the time of dusting/cleaning please use Vacuum Cleaner only.



4.10 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS FOR PI/RRI/EI INSTALLATIONS:

Provisions to be made in the building before commissioning: 1. Window air-conditioners installed in Relay room are causes of failure of power

supply during summer. Excessive load in summer due to continuous use may lead

to fire in relay room. Centralized cooling of Relay Room is recommended in place

of window air-conditioners.

2. The entry of outdoor Signalling & Telecom cables in the building should be in a

fully secured manner.

3. There should be a provision of cable pit at the entry point outside the

building/cabin in which the coils of outdoor cables to be buried with sand.

4. A small pond filled with water nearby may be constructed near the cable pit. Apart

from emergencies like fire incidences, the water from the pond can be used in AC

plant also in routine working.

5. Provision of openings in the wall for cable entry from one room to another should

be done. The tendency of breaking wall or roof for cable entry or any other purpose

after commissioning should be discouraged.

6. There should be provision of permanent duct for cables on each floor of the

building.

7. Electrical layout plan and new cables should be got approved by electrical

department.

8. From the past experiences, false ceilings are prone to catch fire therefore no false

ceiling should be provided in the relay room or panel room.

\

Wiring & Cabling 1. Signalling cables & Signalling Power Cables should not run in same path. They

should be laid in separate channels or ducts.

2. Colour coding of wires as per zonal railway instructions should be strictly followed

for easy identification of different types of power supplies such as 60 V DC, 24V

DC, 110 V AC etc. as well as positive and negative paths such as B60, N60,

BX110 and NX110 etc.

3. All electrical department cables and S&T cable should also run in different paths.

4. Where a wiring system passes through elements of building construction such as

floors, walls, roofs, ceilings, partitions or cavity barriers, the openings remaining

after passage of the wiring system shall be sealed according to the degree of fire

resistance required of the element concerned, if any.

5. Except for fire resistance over one hour, this requirement is satisfied if the sealing

of the wiring system concerned has been type tested by the method specified in the

relevant Indian standard. Each sealing arrangement used shall comply with the

following requirements:

(a) It shall be compatible with the material of the wiring system with which it is

in contact.

(b) It shall permit thermal movement of the wiring system without reduction of

the sealing quality

(c) It shall be removable without damage to existing cable where space permits

future extension to be made.

(d) It shall resist relevant external influences to the same degree as the wiring

system with which it is used.

(e) Fire alarm and emergency lighting circuits shall be segregated from all other

cables and from each other.



4.11 PROVISION IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION–CAUSES AND

PREVENTION OF ELECTRICAL FIRE (Ref.: RDSO guideline on Construction of RRI Room/Control Room with

firefighting provision No. RDSO/WKS/2018/2 January 2019)

Overloading: It is the common practice that most of the people connect additional load to the

installation, without checking whether existing installation is capable of withstanding the

additional load or not. Undersize cables may initially with stand additional load, but

gradually due to overheating of cables, the insulation gets deteriorated and fails leading

to fire.

Temporary Electrical Connections:

Many times temporary electrical connections are made. These are basically planned on

short term basis. The quality of work involved in it is normally of sub-standard nature.

Temporary electrical connections give rise to faults such as loose connections,

insufficient or naked points, unstable supports, inadequate insulation etc. All these

shortcomings give rise to overheating, insulation failure, spark-over and ultimately

damage due to fire.

Bad contacts and loose connections: Contact surfaces contain microscopic air gaps, dirt etc. which result in higher contact

resistance, subsequent rise in temperature and continuous dissipation of heat. After

continuous use, erosion in switch contacts increases so much, that even a small change in

the load causes sparking at contacts. This may result in the rise of the temperature of the

surroundings. In electrical circuits loose connections also cause resistive heating. The

insulation of cables, wooden material, terminal boards, all constitute combustible

materials. Under such circumstances when temperature of the

surrounding air is high, a small spark is sufficient to ignite and cause a fire.

In addition to above following are also some common causes for electrical fires:

(i) Short circuits at joints and terminations due to bare wires loosening out of the

terminals or the wires fraying out and touching other terminals.

(ii) Arcing at improper joints, loose connections and terminations resulting in high

temperature build-up.

(iii) Earth faults in wires with deteriorated insulation.

(iv) Short circuit due to mechanical damage to insulation.

(v) Heat from other sources.

(vi) Sub-standard installation processes.

4.11.1 FIRE SAFETY MEASURES FOR ELECTRICAL WIRING Following safe practices in respect of electrical wiring would help to reduce fire

incidents:

Selection:

1. Prefer copper wiring/ cables.

2. Use only ISI marked wiring/ cables and related accessories.

3. Use 10 sq. mm. cable for main connection between the electricity supply meter and

the main switch on the distribution board in the house/ flat and 6 mm. cable for

connection between distribution board and sub-distribution board in each room.



4. Use 4 sq. mm. cable for supplies to geysers, heaters and air-conditioners and such

heavy loads.

5. Please refer BS 6387 regarding test method for resistance to fire of cables required to

maintain circuit integrity under fire conditions.

Installation:

1. Don’t install electrical power circuits and communication circuits in the same

conduit/casing.

2. Ensure that the wiring for high power consuming devices like air conditioners,

geysers, etc. run separately.

3. Seal cable passes and other openings effectively, using suitable fire protection

methods such as fire stops and fire breaks.

4. Take extra safety precautions such as reliable termination, use of continuous wires

without joints.

5. De-rate the current rating of the wires to ensure that the temperature remains safely

within the prescribed limits when a number of wires are laid together in casing or

conduit. Avoid temporary wiring and connections.

6. Install a master control switch outside office occupancies to enable switching off

power after office hours.

7. Have a spare galvanized steel wire in the conduit for pulling a cable in future for

additional circuiting or for replacing a defective cable.

8. Don’t use flexible conduits for general wiring.

Protective Accessories:

1. Don’t increase the fuse capacity for preventing or eliminating frequent fuse blowup.

2. Prefer HRC (High Rupturing Capacity) fuses.

3. Use MCBs (Miniature Circuit Breakers) for protecting higher capacity loads like

geysers, air-conditioners, etc.

4. Use separate MCB distribution boards for circuit supplying to devices/appliances

which can be switched off with the master switch and for other circuits which are not

to be switched off by the master switch.

5. Use RCCBs (Residual Current - Operated Circuit Breakers). Don’t depend on fuses,

MCBs, etc. for protection against leakage current.

Plug and Socket:

1. Use 3-pin (or wherever so made by 2-pin) plugs to make connections to the socket.

Never insert loose wires.

2. Provide 3-pin plug for all electrical appliances and ensure that earthing is connected

to the pin meant for earthing.

3. Don’t use 3-pin plug with earthing terminal missing or sawed-off.

4. Ensure that plug and socket fit each other smoothly and provide adequate contact for

carrying rated full load current.

5. Don’t try to force a 2-pin plug in a 3-pin socket.

6. Avoid connecting multiple appliances or circuits to a single socket.



4.11.2 DO’S AND DON’TS Do’s:

Use ISI marked or Quality Control certified electrical material and appliances.

Use Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCBs) to avoid accidents from earth leakage

current.

Use good quality fuses, miniature circuit breakers and earth leakage circuit breakers

of correct ratings.

Use one socket for one appliance.

Switch off the electric supply of fire affected areas.

Use dry chemical powder type extinguishers on electric fires.

Fuses and switches should be mounted on metallic cubicles for greater safety against

fire.

Replace broken plugs and switches immediately.

Keep the electrical wires away from hot and wet surfaces.

Switch off appliances after use and remove plugs from the socket.

Switch off the Main switch when leaving the premises, home for a long duration.

Use electrical wires, cables and materials of proper capacity and insulation.

The relevant Code of practice for prevention of fire should be followed.

Ensure easy access to put off the supply.

Use switches which clearly indicate “ON” & “OFF”.

Crimping should be done with the proper size/ type of cable lug & terminal or ferrule

with the use of proper crimping tool.

Keep the electrical switch room neat, clean and ventilated.

Use insulated wire for neutral and independent wire for earthing.

Check sockets/plugs/wirings thoroughly if any overheating marks are seen.

Don’ts:

Don’t use substandard fixtures, appliances.

Never have temporary or naked joints on wiring.

Don’t lay wires under carpets, mats or doorways. They get crushed, resulting in short

circuiting.

Don’t allow appliances cords to swing.

Don’t place bare wire ends in a socket, use a three pin plug top.

Do not remove plugs by pulling the wires.

Do not smoke in electrical zone.

Do not connect fuse in the neutral circuits.

Do not replace fuse unless fault is detected.

Do not plug in lamp or appliance with the switch ON.

Do not overload any electrical circuit.

Do not use water to extinguish electric fires.

Do not construct any house or structure below the overhead electric lines and

maintain the specified horizontal distance from the lines.

Do not use wires and cables with joints.

Do not dry clothes like tea towels etc. over the electrical heater, cooking pan etc.

Do not leave ovens in “ON” condition after use.

Do not sit too close to the heater to keep warm. You could easily set fire to your

clothes or your chair, particularly if you fall asleep.



ANNEXURE-A – FORMAT FOR DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR TFAFSS

The system shall be considered and designed for individual rooms.

* Type of Hazard I.e. Class B shall be used for diesel oil storage room for diesel originated fire.

* Type of Hazard I.e. Class C shall be used for all other room for energized electrical equipment originated fire.



ANNEXURE-B – FORMAT FOR DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR ICAFSS



ANNEXURE-C - GENERAL ARRANGEMENT FOR CONTROL FLOW OF AFSS



REFERENCES

1. Specification for Automatic Fire Detection & Alarm System (AFDAS) for Signalling

Installations by RDSO/LKO. (SPECIFICATION No.: RDSO/SPN/217/2018 Version

No.: 2.0).

2. Final Draft Specification for Automatic Fire Suppression System (AFSS) for

Signalling Installations by RDSO/LKO. (SPECIFICATION No.:

RDSO/SPN/218/2016 Version 1.0- d2).

3. Pocketbook on Fire prevention and Safety at S&T installations by CAMTECH.

4. Press Information Bureau by Ministry of Railways dated 21.07.2015.

5. Article on “Itarsi RRI Fire- Not an Ordinary Disruption” by CE/TP/WCR.

6. RDSO guideline on Construction of RRI Room/Control Room with firefighting

provision No. RDSO/WKS/2018/2 January 2019.

7. WCR’s letter No. WCR/N-HQ/110/Safety Instructions/Sig./82/Pt. II dated 24.08.2015

on Adequate arrangements for protection of S&T Installations from fire.

8. O&M Manual & I&C Manual for Fire Suppression System by M/s MX System

International Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai.

9. https://www.femalifesafety.org/types-of-fires.html

10. https://www.santam.co.za/blog/intermediary-advice/the-advantages-of-fire-sprinkler-

systems-for-businesses/

https://www.femalifesafety.org/types-of-fires.html

https://www.santam.co.za/blog/intermediary-advice/the-advantages-of-fire-sprinkler-systems-for-businesses/

https://www.santam.co.za/blog/intermediary-advice/the-advantages-of-fire-sprinkler-systems-for-businesses/

QUALITY POLICY

We at RDSO Lucknow are committed to maintain and update transparent

standards of services to develop safe, modern and cost effective railway

technology complying with statutory and regulatory requirements,

through excellence in research, designs and standards by setting quality

objectives, commitment to satisfy applicable requirements and continual

improvements of the quality management system to cater to growing

needs, demand and expectations of passenger and freight traffic on the

railways through periodic review of quality management systems to

achieve continual improvement and customer appreciation. It is

communicated and applied within the organization and making it

available to all the relevant interested parties.

INDIAN RAILWAYS Centre for Advanced Maintenance Technology Maharajpur, Gwalior (M.P.) Pin Code – 474 005

government of india ministry of railways handbook …

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