government of india - disaster risk reduction...bevolved e towards disaster management with emphasis...

NATIONAL POLICY

ON

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

2009

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

GOVERNMENT OF INDIAMINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

National Policy on

Disaster Management2009

National Policy on

Disaster Management2009

Approved by the Union Cabinet on 22nd October, 2009


GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

v

Contents

1 Preamble 1 1.1.1 TheContext 1

1.2.1–1.2.2 DisasterRisksinIndia 1

1.3.1 ParadigmShiftinDisasterManagement(DM) 1

2 Approach and Objectives 7

2.1.1 Vision 7

2.2.1–2.2.2 DisasterManagement(DM) 7

2.3.1 Approach 8

2.4.1 Objectives 8

3 Institutional and Legal Arrangements 9

3.1.1 DisasterManagementAct,2005 9

Institutional Framework under the Act 9

3.2.1–3.2.3 NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA) 9

3.2.4–3.2.5 NationalExecutiveCommittee(NEC) 10

3.2.6–3.2.7 StateDisasterManagementAuthority(SDMA) 10

3.2.8 DistrictDisasterManagementAuthority(DDMA) 10

3.2.9 LocalAuthorities 10

3.2.10 NationalInstituteofDisasterManagement(NIDM) 11

3.2.11 NationalDisasterResponseForce(NDRF) 11

3.2.12 MitigationReserves 11

Existing Institutional Arrangements 11

3.3.1 CabinetCommitteeonManagementofNaturalCalamities(CCMNC) andtheCabinetCommitteeonSecurity(CCS) 11

3.3.2 High-LevelCommittee(HLC) 12

3.3.3 CentralGovernment 12

3.3.4 RoleofCentralMinistriesandDepartments 12

3.3.5 NationalCrisisManagementCommittee(NCMC) 12

3.3.6–3.3.7 StateGovernments 13

vi

Contents

3.3.8 DistrictAdministration 13

3.3.9 ManagementofDisastersImpactingmorethanoneState 13

Other Important Institutional Arrangements 13

3.4.1 ArmedForces 13

3.4.2 CentralParamilitaryForces 14

3.4.3 StatePoliceForcesandFireServices 14

3.4.4 CivilDefenceandHomeGuards 14

3.4.5 StateDisasterResponseForce(SDRF) 14

3.4.6 RoleofNationalCadetCorps(NCC),NationalServiceScheme(NSS) andNehruYuvaKendraSangathan(NYKS) 14

3.5.1 InternationalCooperation 14

4 Financial Arrangements 15

4.1.1 Approach 15

4.2.1 DMtobein-builtinDevelopmentalPlans 15

4.3.1–4.3.2 NationalDisasterResponseandMitigationFunds 15

4.4.1 ResponsibilitiesoftheCentralMinistriesandDepartments 15

4.4.2 StateandDistrictLevelArrangements 15

4.4.3 MitigationProjects 15

4.5.1 Techno-FinancialRegime 16

5 Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness 17

5.1.1 DisasterPreventionandMitigation 17

5.1.2–5.1.3 RiskAssessmentandVulnerabilityMapping 17

5.1.4 IncreasingTrendofDisastersinUrbanAreas 18

5.1.5 CriticalInfrastructure 18

5.1.6 EnvironmentallySustainableDevelopment 18

5.1.7 ClimateChangeAdaptation 18

Preparedness 18

5.2.1–5.2.3 RoleofCentralMinistriesandDepartments,andStates 18

5.2.4 ForecastingandEarlyWarningSystems 19

5.2.5–5.2.6 CommunicationsandInformationTechnology(IT)Support 19

5.2.7 StrengtheningoftheEmergencyOperationsCentres 19

5.2.8–5.2.9 MedicalPreparednessandMassCasualtyManagement 20

5.2.10 Training,SimulationandMockDrills 20

vii

Contents

Partnerships for Mitigation and Preparedness 20

5.3.1–5.3.2 CommunityBasedDisasterPreparedness 20

5.3.3 Stakeholders’Participation 20

5.3.4 CorporateSocialResponsibility(CSR)andPublic-Private Partnership(PPP) 21

5.3.5 MediaPartnership 21

6 Techno-Legal Regime 23

6.1.1 Techno-LegalRegime 23

6.2.1 RevisionofMunicipalRegulations 23

6.3.1 LandUsePlanning 23

6.4.1–6.4.2 SafeConstructionPractices 23

6.5.1 ComplianceRegime 24

6.6.1 Enforcement 24

7 Response 25 7.1.1 Approach 25

7.2.1 RoleoftheNEC 25

7.3.1 RoleoftheNodalandOtherCentralMinistriesandDepartments 25

7.4.1 RoleofState,DistrictandLocalAuthorities 25

7.5.1 StandardOperatingProcedures(SOPs) 25

7.6.1 LevelsofDisasters 26

7.7.1 IncidentCommandSystem(ICS) 26

7.8.1 FirstandOtherKeyResponders 26

7.9.1 MedicalResponse 26

7.10.1 AnimalCare 27

7.11.1 InformationandMediaPartnership 27

8 Relief and Rehabilitation 29

8.1.1 Approach 29

8.2.1–8.2.2 SettingupofTemporaryReliefCamps 29

8.3.1 ManagementofReliefSupplies 29

8.4.1 ReviewofStandardsofRelief 29

8.5.1 TemporaryLivelihoodOptionsandSocio-EconomicRehabilitation 29

8.6.1 ProvisionofIntermediateShelters 30

viii

Contents

9 Reconstruction and Recovery 31 9.1.1 Approach 31

9.2.1 OwnerDrivenReconstruction 31

9.3.1–9.3.2 SpeedyReconstruction 31

9.4.1 LinkingRecoverywithSafeDevelopment 31

9.5.1 LivelihoodRestoration 32

10 Capacity Development 33

10.1.1–10.1.2 Approach 33

10.2.1–10.2.2 NationalPriorities 33

10.3.1 InstitutionalCapacityDevelopment 33

10.4.1 TrainingofCommunities 34

10.5.1 ProfessionalTechnicalEducation 34

10.6.1 DMEducationinSchools 34

10.7.1 TrainingofArtisans 34

10.8.1 TrainingofOtherGroups 34

10.9.1 LicensingandCertification 34

11 Knowledge Management 35

11.1.1 Approach 35

11.2.1 SynergeticApplicationofScienceandTechnology 35

11.3.1 KnowledgeInstitutions 35

Knowledge Dissemination through Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) 35

11.4.1 IndigenousTechnicalKnowledge(ITK) 35

11.5.1 IndiaDisasterResourceNetwork(IDRN) 35

11.6.1 IndiaDisasterKnowledgeNetwork(IDKN) 35

11.7.1 DocumentationofBestPracticesandResearch 36

12 Research and Development 37 12.1.1 Approach 37

12.2.1 InstitutionalArrangements 37

12.3.1–12.3.2 IdentificationofNeedsandPromotionofResearch 37

13 The Road Ahead 39

Abbreviations 41

ix

Diagrams Diagram1 DisasterManagementContinuum 7

Maps Map1 EarthquakeZonesinIndia 2

Map2 FloodZonesinIndia 3

Map3 WindandCycloneZonesinIndia 4

Map4 LandslideAffectedStates 5

Contents

1

Preamble1The Context

1.1.1 Disastersdisruptprogressanddestroythehard-earnedfruitsofpainstakingdevelopmentalefforts, often pushing nations, in quest forprogress,backbyseveraldecades.Thus,efficientmanagement of disasters, rather thanmereresponsetotheiroccurrence,hasinrecenttimes,receivedincreasedattentionbothwithinIndiaandabroad.Thisisasmucharesultoftherecognitionof the increasing frequency and intensity ofdisasters,asitisanacknowledgementthatgoodgovernanceinacaringandcivilisedsociety,needsto deal effectivelywith the devastating impactofdisasters.

Disaster Risks in India

1.2.1 Indiaisvulnerable,invaryingdegrees,toa largenumberofnaturalaswellasman-madedisasters.58.6percentofthelandmassispronetoearthquakesofmoderatetoveryhighintensity;over40millionhectares(12percentof land) isprone to floods and river erosion; of the7,516kmlongcoastline,closeto5,700kmispronetocyclonesandtsunamis;68percentofthecultivableareaisvulnerabletodroughtandhillyareasareatriskfromlandslidesandavalanches.Vulnerabilitytodisasters/emergenciesofChemical,Biological,RadiologicalandNuclear(CBRN)originalsoexists.Heightened vulnerabilities to disaster risks canberelatedtoexpandingpopulation,urbanisationandindustrialisation,developmentwithinhigh-riskzones, environmental degradation and climatechange(Maps1–4).

1.2.2 In thecontextofhumanvulnerability todisasters, theeconomicallyandsociallyweakersegmentsofthepopulationaretheonesthataremost seriously affected.Within the vulnerablegroups, elderly persons, women, children—especiallywomen rendered destitute, childrenorphanedonaccountofdisastersanddifferentlyabledpersonsareexposedtohigherrisks.

Paradigm Shift in Disaster Management (DM)

1.3.1 On23December2005,theGovernmentof India (GoI) took a defining stepby enactingtheDisasterManagementAct,2005,(hereinafterreferred to as the Act) which envisaged thecreation of theNationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA),headedbythePrimeMinister,StateDisasterManagementAuthorities(SDMAs)headedbytheChiefMinisters,andDistrictDisasterManagementAuthorities(DDMAs)headedbytheDistrictCollectororDistrictMagistrateorDeputyCommissionerasthecasemaybe,tospearheadandadoptaholisticandintegratedapproachtoDM. Therewill be a paradigm shift, from theerstwhile relief-centric response to a proactiveprevention,mitigation andpreparedness-drivenapproachforconservingdevelopmentalgainsandtominimiselossoflife,livelihoodandproperty.

2

NatioNal Policy oN Disaster MaNageMeNt 2009

Map 1

EARTHQUAKE ZONES IN INDIA

Source:BMTPCVulnerabilityAtlas

3

Map 2

FLOOD ZONES IN INDIA


PreaMble

4


Map 3

WIND AND CYCLONE ZONES IN INDIA


5

Map 4

LANDSLIDE AFFECTED STATES

PreaMble

7

Approach and Objectives 2

1Source:

Sections2(d)and(e)ofDMAct,2005.

Vision

2.1.1 TobuildasafeanddisasterresilientIndiabydevelopingaholistic,proactive,multi-disasterorientedandtechnologydrivenstrategythroughacultureofprevention,mitigation,preparednessandresponse.

Disaster Management (DM) 2.2.1 A disaster1 refers to a catastrophe,mishap,calamityorgraveoccurrencefromnaturalorman-madecauses,whichisbeyondthecopingcapacityoftheaffectedcommunity.DMinvolvesacontinuousandintegratedp r ocess o f p l a nn i ng ,organising,coordinatingandimplementing measureswhich are necessary orexpedientfor:

• Preventionofdangero r th reat o f anydisaster.

• M i t i g a t i o n o rreductionofriskofanydisasteroritsseverityorconsequences.

• Capacity bui ldingincluding researcha n d k n ow l e d g emanagement.

• Preparednesstodealwithanydisaster.

• Prompt response to any threateningdisastersituationordisaster.

• Assessing the severity ormagnitude ofeffectsofanydisaster.

• Evacuation,rescueandrelief.

• Rehabilitationandreconstruction.

2.2.2 A typical DM continuum comprisessix elements; the pre-disaster phase includesprevention,mitigation andpreparedness,whilethe post-disaster phase includes response,rehabilitation, reconstruction and recovery. Alegalandinstitutionalframeworkbindsalltheseelementstogether(DiagramI).

Diagram 1

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONTINUUM

8


Approach

2.3.1 A holistic and integrated approachwillbe evolved towardsdisastermanagementwithemphasis on building strategic partnerships atvariouslevels.Thethemesunderpinningthepolicyare:

• Community based DM, including lastmile integrationof thepolicy, plans andexecution.

• Capacitydevelopmentinallspheres.

• Consolidationofpast initiativesandbestpractices.

• CooperationwithagenciesatNationalandInternationallevels.

• Multi-sectoralsynergy.

Objectives

2.4.1 TheobjectivesoftheNationalPolicyonDisasterManagementare:

• Promoting a culture of prevention,preparedness and resilience at all levelsthrough knowledge, innovation andeducation.

• Encouragingmitigationmeasuresbasedon technology, traditionalwisdom andenvironmentalsustainability.

• Mainstreamingdisastermanagementintothedevelopmentalplanningprocess.

• Establishing institutional and techno-legal frameworks to create an enablingregulatoryenvironmentandacomplianceregime.

• Ensur ing eff ic ient mechanism foridentification,assessmentandmonitoringofdisasterrisks.

• Developing contemporary forecastingand earlywarning systems backed by

responsive and fail-safe communicationwithinformationtechnologysupport.

• Ensuringefficientresponseandreliefwithacaringapproachtowardstheneedsofthevulnerablesectionsofthesociety.

• Undertaking reconstruct ion as anopportunity to build disaster resilientstructures andhabitat for ensuring saferliving.

• Promoting a productive and proactivepartnershipwith themedia for disastermanagement.

9

3 Institutional and Legal Arrangements

Disaster Management Act, 2005

3.1.1 The Act lays down institutional, legal,financial and coordinationmechanisms at theNational, State,District andLocal levels. Theseinstitutionsarenotparallelstructuresandwillworkincloseharmony.Thenewinstitutionalframeworkisexpected tousher inaparadigmshift inDMfromrelief-centricapproachtoaproactiveregimethat lays greater emphasis on preparedness,preventionandmitigation.

Institutional Framework under the Act

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)3.2.1 TheNDMA,astheapexbodyfordisastermanagement, is headedby thePrimeMinisterandhastheresponsibilityforlayingdownpolicies,plans and guidelines forDMand coordinatingtheir enforcement and implementation forensuring timely and effective response todisasters. Theguidelineswill assist theCentralMinistries,DepartmentsandStatestoformulatetheir respectiveDMplans. Itwill approve theNationalDisasterManagement Plans andDMplans of theCentralMinistries/Departments. Itwilltakesuchothermeasures,asitmayconsidernecessary, for the prevention of disasters, ormitigation,orpreparednessandcapacitybuilding,fordealingwitha threateningdisastersituationor disaster. Central Ministries/Departmentsand StateGovernmentswill extend necessarycooperationandassistancetoNDMAforcarryingout itsmandate. Itwill oversee the provisionand application of funds for mitigation and

preparednessmeasures.NDMAhas thepowerto authorise the Departments or authoritiesconcerned,tomakeemergencyprocurementofprovisions ormaterials for rescue and relief ina threateningdisaster situationor disaster. Thegeneralsuperintendence,directionandcontroloftheNationalDisasterResponseForce(NDRF)isvestedinandwillbeexercisedbytheNDMA.TheNationalInstituteofDisasterManagement(NIDM)workswithintheframeworkofbroadpoliciesandguidelineslaiddownbytheNDMA.

3.2.2 The NDMA ismandated to deal withall types of disasters; natural orman-made.Whereas,suchotheremergenciesincludingthoserequiringcloseinvolvementofthesecurityforcesand/or intelligence agencies such as terrorism(counter-insurgency), law and order situations,serialbombblasts,hijacking,airaccidents,CBRNweaponsystems,minedisasters,portandharbouremergencies, forest fires, oilfield fires and oilspillswill continue tobehandledby theextantmechanism i.e., National CrisisManagementCommittee(NCMC).

3.2.3 NDMAmay,however,formulateguidelinesandfacilitatetrainingandpreparednessactivitiesin respectofCBRNemergencies.Cross-cuttingthemeslikemedicalpreparedness,psycho-socialcare and trauma, community based disasterpreparedness, information and communicationtechnology, training, preparedness, awarenessgeneration etc., for natural and man-madedisasterswillalsoengagetheattentionofNDMAinpartnershipwiththestakeholdersconcerned.Resourcesavailablewiththedisastermanagement

10


authorities at all levels,which are capable ofdischarging emergency support functions,will bemade available to the nodalMinistries/Agenciesdealingwiththeemergenciesattimesofimpendingdisaster(s).

National Executive Committee (NEC)3.2.4 The NEC comprises the Union HomeSecretaryasChairperson,andtheSecretariestotheGoIintheMinistries/DepartmentsofAgriculture,AtomicEnergy,Defence,DrinkingWaterSupply,EnvironmentandForests,Finance(Expenditure),Health, Power, Rural Development, Science &Technology,Space, Telecommunications,UrbanDevelopment,Water Resources and theChiefoftheIntegratedDefenceStaffoftheChiefsofStaffCommitteeasmembers.SecretariesintheMinistryofExternalAffairs,EarthSciences,HumanResourceDevelopment,Mines,Shipping,RoadTransport&Highways,andtheSecretary,NDMAwillbespecialinviteestothemeetingsoftheNEC.

3.2.5 TheNEC is theexecutivecommitteeoftheNDMA,andismandatedtoassisttheNDMAinthedischargeofitsfunctionsandalsoensurecompliance of the directions issued by theCentralGovernment.TheNECistocoordinatetheresponseintheeventofanythreateningdisastersituation or disaster. TheNECwill prepare theNationalPlanforDisasterManagementbasedontheNationalPolicyonDisasterManagement.TheNECwillmonitortheimplementationofguidelinesissuedbyNDMA.Itwillalsoperformsuchotherfunctions asmaybeprescribedby theCentralGovernmentinconsultationwiththeNDMA.

State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA)

3.2.6 At the State level, the SDMA, headedby the ChiefMinister, will lay down policiesandplans forDM in theState. Itwill, inter aliaapprove theStatePlan in accordancewith theguidelines laiddownby theNDMA, coordinate

theimplementationoftheStatePlan,recommendprovisionoffundsformitigationandpreparednessmeasuresandreviewthedevelopmentalplansofthedifferentDepartmentsoftheStatetoensuretheintegrationofprevention,preparednessandmitigationmeasures.

3.2.7 The StateGovernment shall constituteaStateExecutiveCommittee(SEC)toassisttheSDMA in theperformanceof its functions.TheSECwillbeheadedbytheChiefSecretarytotheStateGovernmentandcoordinateandmonitortheimplementationoftheNationalPolicy,theNationalPlanandtheStatePlan.TheSECwillalsoprovideinformation to theNDMA relating to differentaspectsofDM.

District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)

3.2.8 TheDDMAwillbeheadedbytheDistrictCollector, Deputy Commissioner or DistrictMagistrateasthecasemaybe,withtheelectedrepresentativeof the local authority as theCo-Chairperson.TheDDMAwillactastheplanning,coordinatingand implementingbody forDMattheDistrictlevelandtakeallnecessarymeasuresfor thepurposesofDMinaccordancewiththeguidelineslaiddownbytheNDMAandSDMA.Itwill,interaliapreparetheDistrictDMplanfortheDistrict andmonitor the implementationof theNationalPolicy,theStatePolicy,theNationalPlan,theStatePlanandtheDistrictPlan.TheDDMAwillalsoensurethattheguidelinesforprevention,mitigation,preparednessandresponsemeasureslaid down by the NDMA and the SDMA arefollowed by all theDepartments of the StateGovernment at theDistrict level and the localauthoritiesintheDistrict.

Local Authorities

3.2.9 For the purpose of this Policy, localauthoritieswouldincludePanchayatiRajInstitutions(PRI),Municipalities, District andCantonment

11

iNstitutioNal aND legal arraNgeMeNts

Boards, and Town PlanningAuthoritieswhichcontrolandmanagecivicservices.Thesebodieswillensurecapacitybuildingoftheirofficersandemployees formanaging disasters, carry outrelief, rehabilitationandreconstructionactivitiesintheaffectedareasandwillprepareDMPlansinconsonancewiththeguidelinesoftheNDMA,SDMAs and DDMAs. Specific institutionalframeworkfordealingwithdisastermanagementissuesinmegacitieswillbeputinplace.

National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)

3.2.10 The NIDM, in partnership with otherresearchinstitutionshascapacitydevelopmentasoneofitsmajorresponsibilities,alongwithtraining,research,documentationanddevelopmentofaNationallevelinformationbase.Itwillnetworkwithotherknowledge-basedinstitutionsandfunctionwithinthebroadpoliciesandguidelineslaiddownbytheNDMA.Itwillorganisetrainingoftrainers,DMofficialsandotherstakeholders.TheNIDMwillstrivetoemergeasa‘CentreofExcellence’inthefieldofDisasterManagement.

National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)

3.2.11 Forthepurposeofspecialisedresponseto a threateningdisaster situationor disasters/emergenciesbothnaturalandman-madesuchasthoseofCBRNorigin,theActhasmandatedtheconstitutionofaNationalDisasterResponseForce(NDRF). Thegeneral superintendence,directionandcontrolof this forceshallbevested inandexercisedby theNDMAandthecommandandsupervisionoftheForceshallvestinanofficertobeappointedbytheCentralGovernmentastheDirectorGeneral ofCivilDefence andNationalDisasterResponse Force. Presently, theNDRFcompriseseightbattalionsandfurtherexpansionmaybeconsideredinduecourse.Thesebattalionswillbepositionedatdifferentlocationsasmayberequired.NDRFunitswillmaintaincloseliaisonwiththedesignatedStateGovernmentsandwill

beavailabletothemintheeventofanyseriousthreateningdisastersituation.Whilethehandlingof natural disasters rests with all the NDRFbattalions, fourbattalionswillalsobeequippedandtrainedtorespondtosituationsarisingoutofCBRNemergencies.TrainingcentreswillbesetupbyrespectiveparamilitaryforcestotrainpersonnelfromNDRFbattalionsofrespectiveForcesandwillalsomeetthetrainingrequirementsofState/UTDisasterResponseForces.TheNDRFunitswillalsoimpartbasictrainingtoallthestakeholdersidentified by the State Governments in theirrespectivelocations.Further,aNationalAcademywill besetup toprovide training for trainers indisastermanagementandtomeetrelatedNationalandInternationalcommitments.

Mitigation Reserves

3.2.12 Experienceinmajordisastersinthelastdecadehasclearlyestablishedtheneedforpre-positioningofsomeessentialreservesatcruciallocations, including some for the high altitudeareas.ThesereservesareintendedtoaugmenttheresourcesattheStatelevel.Mitigationreserveswill beplaced at thedisposal of theNDRF forenhancingtheiremergencyresponsecapabilitiesfor assisting the StateGovernments during adisasterordisaster-likesituation.

Existing Institutional Arrangements

Cabinet Committee on Management of Natural Calamities (CCMNC) and the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS)

3.3.1 CCMNChadbeenconstitutedtooverseeallaspectsrelatingtothemanagementofnaturalcalamitiesincludingassessmentofthesituationandidentificationofmeasuresandprogrammesconsidered necessary to reduce its impact,monitor and suggest long-termmeasures forprevention of such calamities, formulate andrecommendprogrammesforpublicawarenessfor

12


buildingupsociety’sresiliencetothem.TheCCSdealswithissuesrelatedtodefenceofthecountry,lawandorderandinternalsecurity,policymattersconcerning foreign affairs that have internal orexternalsecurityimplications,andeconomicandpoliticalissuesimpingingonNationalsecurity.

High Level Committee (HLC)

3.3.2 Inthecaseofcalamitiesofseverenature,Inter-MinisterialCentralTeamsaredeputedtotheaffectedStatesforassessmentofdamagecausedbythecalamityandtheamountofreliefassistancerequired.TheInter-MinisterialGroup(IMG),headedby theUnionHomeSecretary, scrutinises theassessmentmade by the Central Teams andrecommends thequantumof assistance to beprovidedtotheStatesfromtheNationalCalamityContingencyFund(NCCF).However,assessmentofdamagesby IMG in respectofdrought,hail-stormandpestattackwillcontinuetobeheadedby the Secretary,Ministry of Agriculture andCooperation. TheHLC comprising the FinanceMinister as Chairman and theHomeMinister,AgricultureMinister,andDeputyChairmanofthePlanningCommissionasmembersapprovestheCentralassistancetobeprovidedtotheaffectedStatesbasedontherecommendationsoftheIMG.TheconstitutionandcompositionofHLCmayvaryfromtimetotime.TheViceChairman,NDMAwillbeaspecialinviteetotheHLC.

Central Government

3.3.3 InaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheAct, theCentralGovernmentwill take all suchmeasures,asitdeemsnecessaryorexpedient,forthepurposeofDMandwillcoordinateactionsofallagencies.TheCentralMinistriesandDepartmentswilltakeintoconsiderationtherecommendationsoftheStateGovernmentDepartmentswhiledecidinguponthevariouspre-disaster requirementsandfor decidingupon themeasures for preventionandmitigationofdisaster.Itwillensurethatthe

CentralMinistries andDepartments integratemeasures for the prevention andmitigation ofdisasters into their developmental plans andprojects,make appropriate allocation of fundsforpre-disasterrequirementsandtakenecessarymeasures for preparedness and to effectivelyrespond to any disaster situation or disaster.It will have the power to issue directions toNEC, StateGovernments/SDMAs, SECsor anyof their officers or employees, to facilitate orassistinDM,andthesebodiesandofficialsshallbe bound to complywith suchdirections. TheCentralGovernmentwillextendcooperationandassistancetotheStateGovernmentsasrequiredbythemorotherwisedeemedappropriatebyit.Itwill takemeasures for thedeploymentof theArmed Forces for disastermanagement. TheCentralGovernmentwillalsofacilitatecoordinationwiththeUNAgencies,InternationalOrganisationsandGovernments of Foreign Countries in thefield of disastermanagement. TheMinistry ofExternalAffairsincoordinationwiththeMinistryof HomeAffairs (MHA)will facilitate externalcoordination/cooperation.

Role of Central Ministries and Departments

3.3.4 As disaster management is a multi-disciplinary process, all CentralMinistries andDepartmentswillhaveakey role in the fieldofdisastermanagement.ThenodalMinistriesandDepartments of theGoI (i.e., theMinistries ofAgriculture,AtomicEnergy,CivilAviation,EarthSciences,Environment&Forests,HomeAffairs,Health,Mines,Railways,Space,WaterResourcesetc.)willcontinuetoaddressspecificdisastersasassignedtothem.

National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC)

3.3.5 TheNCMC,comprisinghighlevelofficialsof the GoI headed by the Cabinet Secretary,will continue to dealwithmajor criseswhichhaveseriousorNationalramifications. Itwillbe

13

iNstitutioNal aND legal arraNgeMeNts

supported by the CrisisManagementGroups(CMG)oftheCentralnodalMinistriesandassistedbyNEC asmay be necessary. The Secretary,NDMAmaybeamemberofthisCommittee.

State Governments3.3.6 The primary responsibility for disastermanagementrestswiththeStates.Theinstitutionalmechanism put in place at the Centre, StateandDistrict levelswill help theStatesmanagedisastersinaneffectivemanner.

3.3.7 TheActmandatestheStateGovernmentsinter alia to takemeasures for preparation ofDisasterManagement Plans, integration ofmeasuresforpreventionofdisastersormitigationinto development plans, allocation of funds,establishmentofearlywarningsystems,andtoassisttheCentralGovernmentandotheragenciesinvariousaspectsofDisasterManagement.

District Administration

3.3.8 AttheDistrictlevel,DDMAswillactastheDistrictplanning,coordinatingandimplementingbody fordisastermanagementandwill takeallmeasuresforthepurposesofdisastermanagementintheDistrictinaccordancewiththeguidelineslaiddownbyNDMAandSDMA.

Management of Disasters Impacting more than one State

3.3.9 Attimes,theimpactofdisastersoccurringinoneStatemayspreadovertotheareasofotherStates.Similarly,preventivemeasuresinrespectof certain disasters, such as floods, etc.,mayberequiredtobetakeninoneState,thoughtheimpact of their occurrencemay affect another.The administrative hierarchy of the country isorganised intoNational, State andDistrict leveladministrations. Thispresents somedifficultiesin respect of disasters impactingmore than

one State. Management of such situationscalls for a coordinated approach, which canrespond to a range of issues quite differentfrom those that normally present themselves,before, during and after the event.NDMAwillencourage identificationof such situations andpromote the establishment ofmechanismsonthelinesofMutualAidAgreementforcoordinatedstrategies for dealingwith themby theStates,CentralMinistries andDepartments and otheragenciesconcerned.

O t h e r I m p o r t a n t I n s t i t u t i o n a l Arrangements

Armed Forces

3.4.1 Conceptually,theArmedForcesarecalledupontoassisttheciviladministrationonlywhenthe situation is beyond their coping capability.Inpractice,however,theArmedForcesformanimportant part of theGovernment’s responsecapacity and are immediate responders in allseriousdisaster situations.Onaccountof theirvast potential tomeet any adverse challenge,speedofoperationalresponseandtheresourcesandcapabilitiesattheirdisposal,theArmedForceshavehistoricallyplayedamajorroleinemergencysupportfunctions.Theseincludecommunication,searchandrescueoperations,healthandmedicalfacilities, and transportation, especially in theimmediateaftermathofadisaster.Airlift,heli-liftandmovement of assistance to neighbouringcountriesprimarily fallwithin theexpertise anddomainoftheArmedForces.TheArmedForceswill participate in imparting training to trainersandDMmanagers,especiallyinCBRNaspects,heli-insertion,high-altituderescue,watermanshipandtrainingofparamedics.AttheNationallevel,theChiefoftheIntegratedDefenceStafftotheChairmanChiefsofStaffCommitteehasalreadybeenincludedintheNEC.Similarly,attheStateandDistrictlevels,thelocalrepresentativesofthe

14


ArmedForcesmaybeincludedintheirexecutivecommittees to ensure closer coordinationandcohesion.

Central Paramilitary Forces

3.4.2 TheCentralParamilitaryForces(CPMFs),whicharealso theArmedForcesof theUnion,playakeyroleatthetimeofimmediateresponsetodisasters.Besides contributing to theNDRF,theywilldevelopadequatedisastermanagementcapabilitieswithintheirownforcesandrespondtodisasterswhichmayoccurintheareaswheretheyareposted.ThelocalrepresentativesoftheCPMFsmaybeco-opted/invitedintheexecutivecommitteeattheStatelevel.

State Police Forces and Fire Services

3.4.3 The State Police Forces and the FireServices are crucial immediate responders todisasters.ThePoliceForceswillbe trainedandtheFireServicesupgradedtoacquiremulti-hazardrescuecapability.

Civil Defence and Home Guards

3.4.4 Themandate of theCivil Defence andtheHomeGuardswillberedefinedtoassignaneffectiveroleinthefieldofdisastermanagement.Theywillbedeployedforcommunitypreparednessand public awareness. A culture of voluntaryreporting to duty stations in the event of anydisasterwillbepromoted.

State Disaster Response Force (SDRF)

3.4.5 States will be encouraged to createresponse capabilities fromwithin their existingresources.Tostartwith,eachStatemayaimatequipping and trainingonebattalion equivalentforce.Theywillalsoincludewomenmembersforlookingaftertheneedsofwomenandchildren.NDRFbattalionsandtheirtraininginstitutionswill

assisttheStates/UTsinthiseffort.TheStates/UTswill alsobeencouraged to includeDM trainingin their respectivePolice TrainingColleges andbasic and in-service courses, for gazetted andnon-gazettedofficers.

Role of National Cadet Corps (NCC), National Service Scheme (NSS) and Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS)

3.4.6 Potent ia l o f these youth basedorganisationswill be optimised to support allcommunity based initiatives andDM trainingwouldbeincludedintheirprogrammes.

International Cooperation

3.5.1 Disastersdonotrecognisegeographicalboundar ies. Major disasters may oftensimultaneously affect several countries. Itwillbe the National endeavour to develop closecooperationandcoordinationattheInternationallevelinallspheresofDM.

15

4 Financial Arrangements

Approach

4.1.1 Inordertobringaboutaparadigmshiftfromtherelief-centricapproachtoonecoveringprevention,preparednessandmitigation,effortswould bemade tomainstreamprevention andmitigationmeasuresintothedevelopmentalplansandprogrammesbyenlisting cooperation fromallstakeholders.

DM to be in-built in Developmental Plans

4.2.1 NDMAwill ensuremainstreaming ofdisaster risk reduction in the developmentalagenda of all existing and newdevelopmentalprogrammesandprojectswhichshallincorporatedisaster resilient specifications in design andconstruction. The Planning Commissionwillgive due weightage to these factors whileallocatingresources.

National Disaster Response and Mitigation Funds

4.3.1 A National Disaster Response Fundmay be constituted asmandated in the Act.TheNational Disaster Response Fundwill beappliedby theNEC towardsmeetingexpensesforemergencyresponse,reliefandrehabilitation,inaccordancewith theguidelines laiddownbytheCentralGovernmentinconsultationwiththeNDMA. Theproposal formerging theNationalCalamity Contingency Fund (NCCF) with theNational Disaster Response Fund shall be as

recommendedbytheFinanceCommissionfromtimetotime.

4.3.2 Similarly, asmandated by theAct, theNationalDisasterMitigationFund(NDMF)maybecreated forprojectsexclusively for thepurposeofmitigation.TheNDMFshallbeappliedbytheNDMA and shall be as recommended by theFinanceCommissionfromtimetotime.

Responsibilities of the Central Ministries and Departments

4.4.1 All CentralMinistries andDepartmentswillpreparetheirDMplansincludingthefinancialprojectionstosupporttheseplans.ThenecessarybudgetaryallocationswillbemadeaspartoftheFiveYearandAnnualPlans.

State and District Level Arrangements

4.4.2 ItshallbetheresponsibilityoftheStatestoconstitutetheDisasterMitigationandResponseFundsattheStateaswellasDistrictlevels.ThemodalitiesfortheapplicationofthesefundswillbeworkedoutinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheAct.

Mitigation Projects

4.4.3 Theguidelineson variousdisasterswillform thebasis for the formulationof plans formitigation projects at theNational, State andDistrictlevel.CentralMinistriesandDepartmentsaswell as theStateGovernmentswill identify

16


Mitigation Projects for implementation. TheNational levelmitigation projectswill be dulyprioritised and approved in consultationwiththeNDMA.

Techno-Financial Regime

4.5.1 ConsideringthattheassistanceprovidedbytheGovernmentforrescue,relief,rehabilitationand reconstruction needs cannot compensateformassivelossesonaccountofdisasters,newfinancialtoolssuchascatastropheriskfinancing,

riskinsurance,catastrophebonds,micro-financeand insurance etc., will be promoted withinnovativefiscalincentivestocoversuchlossesof individuals, communities and the corporatesector. In this regard, theEnvironmentalReliefFund under the Public Liability InsuranceAct,1991, enacted for providing relief to chemicalaccident victims is worthmentioning. Somefinancialpracticessuchasdisasterriskinsurance,micro-financeandmicro-insurance,warrantyonnewly constructed houses and structures andlinkingsafeconstructionwithhomeloanswillbeconsideredforadoption.

17

5 Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

5.1.1 Unlikeman-madedisasters,naturalhazardslikefloods,earthquakes,andcyclonescannotbeavoided.However,withmitigationmeasuresalongwithproperplanningofdevelopmentalworkintheriskpronearea,thesehazardscanbepreventedfrom turning into disasters. Amulti-prongedapproach needs to be adopted to undertakemitigationmeasures:

• Buildingmitigationmeasures into alldevelopmentprojects.

• Initiating of National level mitigationprojectsbytheNDMA,inhighpriorityareas,withthehelpoftheCentralMinistriesandDepartmentsconcernedandtheStates.

• Encouraging and assisting State levelmitigation projects in accordancewiththeguidelines.

• Indigenous knowledge on disaster andcopingmechanisms adoptedby variousStateswill begivendueweightagewithspecial focus on protection of heritagestructures.

Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Mapping

5.1.2 Hazardzonation,mappingandvulnerabilityanalysisinamulti-hazardframeworkwillbecarriedoututilisingGeographicInformationSystem(GIS)baseddatabasessuchastheNationalDatabaseforEmergencyManagement(NDEM)andNational

SpatialDataInfrastructure(NSDI).Asafirststeptowards addressing disaster vulnerabilities,CentralMinistries andDepartments, Nationalagencies,knowledge-basedinstitutionsandDMauthoritiesat theStateandDistrict levelsneedto carry out risk and vulnerability assessmentof all disaster prone areas. Hazard zonationmappingandvulnerabilityanalysisbasedonGISandremotesensingdata,needs tomandatorilyincludeagroundcheckcomponent.HazardandConsequenceMappingonGISplatformswillbepreparedforallchemicalaccidentpronedistricts.

5.1.3 TheincreasinguseofGIS,remotesensingand applicationsofGlobal PositioningSystems(GPS)inDM,hasmadeitimperativetosetupamechanismforsharingthematicandspatialdatathroughadesignatedelectronicclearinghouse.TheNSDIhasbeensetupbytheSurveyofIndia,tocollect,compile,analyseandpreparevalue-addedmapsforusebyvariousagenciesinthefieldofDMformanagementofnatural resources, industrialapplicationsetc.TheNSDIneedtoworktowardsinteroperability of data and information sharingprotocols to facilitate effective policy analysis.Atwo-wayinteroperablelinkwillbeestablishedbetweenNSDIandtheproposedNationalDisasterEmergencyCommunicationNetworkforeasyandquicksharing.Theprogrammedesignedtohavespatial and non-spatial databases in a secureenvironmentundertheNDEMwillderivethedatasetsthroughNSDIforaddressingtheinformationneedsfordisastermanagement.

18


Increasing Trend of Disasters in Urban Areas

5.1.4 Disasters in urban areas are distinct inmanywaysandtheintensityofdamageisusuallyveryhigh,warrantingeffectiveDMplans.Oflate,there has been an alarming increase in suchtypesofdisasters.Searchandrescueefforts intheurbanareasalsorequirespecialisedtraining.Actionplansforcheckingunplannedurbanisationand ensuring safer human habitat against allformsofdisasterswillberecognisedaspriorityareas.StateGovernments/UTsconcernedshouldaccord priority for improving urban drainagesystemswith special focusonnon-obstructionofnaturaldrainagesystems.Urbanmappingofinfrastructureof spatial resolutionwill be takenupfordevelopmentofDecisionSupportSystem(DSS)formanagementofurbanrisks.

Critical Infrastructure

5.1.5 It is of utmost importance that criticalinfrastructurelikedams,roads,bridges,flyovers,railway lines, power stations, water storagetowers,irrigationcanals,deltawaterdistributionnetworks,riverandcoastalembankments,portsandothercivicutilitiesareconstantlymonitoredforsafetystandardsinconsonancewithworldwidesafety benchmarks and strengthenedwheredeficient. The building standards for criticalinfrastructure need to be aligned to the safetynorms andDepartments/Authorities concernedwouldensuretherequisiteactionsandmeasurestoensurethis.

Environmentally Sustainable Development

5.1.6 Environmental considerations anddevelopmentalefforts,needtogohandinhandforensuringsustainability.RestorationofecologicalbalanceinHimalayanregionsandraisingcoastalshelterbeltplantationsneedtobeincorporatedwherever necessary inDMplans.Eco systemsofforests,islands,coastalareas,rivers;andthe

agricultural,urbanandindustrialenvironmentarealsotobeconsideredforrestorationofecologicalbalances and sustainable development. Zonalregulationsmust ensure the preservation ofnaturalhabitats.

Climate Change Adaptation

5.1.7 Climate change is impactingourglacialreserves,water balance, agriculture, forestry,coastal ecology, bio-diversity and human andanimalhealth.Therearedefiniteindicationsthatclimatechangewouldincreasethefrequencyandintensityofnaturaldisasterslikecyclones,floodsanddroughts in the coming years. In order tomeetthesechallengesinasustainedandeffectivemanner,synergiesinourapproachandstrategiesfor climate changeadaptation anddisaster riskreductionshallbeencouragedandpromoted.

Preparedness

Role of Central Ministries and Departments, and States

5.2.1 States/UTs have to accord the highestprioritytobuildinguptheirownDMcapabilities.Plans at all levelswill bemade in consonancewiththeguidelinesandprovisionsintheDMAct,2005.While theNational Planwill bepreparedby theNEC, the disaster and domain-specificplanswill bemade by the respective CentralMinistries andDepartments. State andDistrictplanswillbepreparedfortheirspecificdisaster-related vulnerabilities in accordancewith theguidelinesissuedbytheNDMA.NewinstitutionalmechanismsmayhavetobebuiltspecificallyinthosesectorsofDMwherenoneoftheexistingagencies areworking towards the building ofrequiredcapacities.

5.2.2 TheplanspreparedbyCentralMinistriesand Departments, States and Districts willincorporate the inputs of all stakeholders for

19

Disaster PreveNtioN, MitigatioN aND PrePareDNess

integration into the planning process. Theparticipationofallstakeholders,communitiesandinstitutionswillinculcateacultureofpreparedness.Abottom-upapproachneedstobeadoptedforbetter understanding and operationalisation oftheseplans.

5.2.3 ThesubjectofDMwillbeincludedasa‘standing item’ in theagendaof the InterStateCouncilandZonalCouncilandasa‘reportingitem’intheNationalDevelopmentCouncil.

Forecasting and Early Warning Systems

5.2.4 Itismostessentialtoestablish,upgradeandmodernisetheforecastingandearly-warningsystems for all types of disasters. The nodalagenciesresponsibleformonitoringandcarryingoutsurveillance,forspecificnaturaldisasters,willidentifytechnologicalgapsandformulateprojectsfortheirupgradation,inatime-boundmanner.AllStatesshouldprovidetotheIndiaMeteorologicalDepartment, the required infrastructure forupgradation/ establishment ofmeteorologicalobservationsystems.PartnershipswiththeWorldMeteorological Organisation (WMO), PacificTsunamiWarning System and other regionalandglobal institutionsmayalsobeconsidered.ICT tools need tobeused for data receptions,forecastingandtimelydissemination.

Communications and Information Technology (IT) Support

5.2.5 The basic communications and ITsupport requirements for disastermanagementcorrespondtothefollowingthreelevels:

• Decisionmakersanddisastermanagersatalllevels.

• Real time dissemination of advancewarningsandinformationtotheauthoritiesconcerned at various levels and thethreatenedcommunity.Fordisseminationof advance warning and information,

broadcastingmediumssuchastelevisionand radio shall be used significantlyas they havehigher geographical reach.Forcoastalandhillyregions,thenetworkof theMeteorological Departmentmaybeused.

• Lastmileconnectivityatthedisastersitefor control and conduct of rescue andreliefoperations.

5.2.6 Communicationandsharingofup-to-dateinformationusingstate-of-the-artITinfrastructureremainattheheartofeffectiveimplementationofthedisastermanagementstrategy.Reliable,up-to-dateandfastersharingofgeo-spatialinformationacquired from the fieldor theaffectedareas isa pre-requisite for effective implementation ofdisastermanagementstrategies.EffortsshouldbemadeforsettingupITinfrastructuresconsistingof required ITprocesses,architectureandskillsforquickupgradationandupdationofdatasetsfromthePRIsortheULBs.ANationalEmergencyCommunicationNetwork,involvingcontemporaryspaceandterrestrial-basedtechnologiesinahighlysynergistic configuration andwith considerableredundancy,will be developed. This Networkwillensure real timedisseminationofwarningsand informationtotheaffectedcommunityandlocalauthorities.

Strengthening of the Emergency Operations Centres

5.2.7 The establ ishment of EmergencyOperationsCentresattheNational,State,Metroand District level and equipping themwithcontemporary technologiesandcommunicationfacilities and their periodic upgradation,will beaccordedpriority.Forlastmileconnectivityandcontroloftheoperationsatthedisasterhitareas,availabilityofportableplatformswillbecateredfor.TheintegrationofHamradiosandsuchotherinnovativefacilities,intotheDMcommunicationsystem,willbeadvantageous.

20


Medical Preparedness and Mass Casualty Management

5.2.8 Medical preparedness is a crucialcomponentofanyDMPlan.TheNDMA,inclosecoordinationwiththeMinistryofHealthandFamilyWelfare, States and premiermedical researchinstituteswill formulate policy guidelines toenhancecapacityinemergencymedicalresponseandmass casualtymanagement.DMplans forhospitalswill include developing and trainingofmedical teams and paramedics, capacitybuilding, trauma andpsycho-social care,masscasualtymanagement and triage. The surgeand casualty handling capacity of all hospitalsatthetimeofdisasters,willbeworkedoutandrecorded througha consultativeprocess, by allthe States/UTs in the pre-disaster phase. TheStateandDistrictauthoritieswillbeencouragedtoformulateappropriateproceduresfortreatmentofcasualtiesbyprivatehospitalsduringdisasters.Theseplanswillalsoaddresspost-disasterdiseasesurveillancesystems,networkingwithhospitals,referral institutions and accessing services andfacilitiessuchasavailabilityofambulancesandbloodbanks.

5.2.9 Creationofmobilesurgicalteams,mobilehospitalsandheli-ambulancesforevacuationofpatients is a crucial component ofDMefforts.TheAccidentReliefMedicalVans(ARMVs)oftheMinistry ofRailways, stabled at stations every100 km,will beutilised for emergencymedicalresponsebytheStateandDistrictauthoritiesinconsultationwith theRailways. The creationofadditionalbio-safetylaboratoriesoflevelIVwillbeaddressedbytheNodalMinistry.Thereisaneedtofocusoncreatingadequatemortuaryfacilities.Properandspeedydisposalofdeadbodiesandanimalcarcassesdeservesdueweightage.

Training, Simulation and Mock Drills

5.2.10 EfficacyofplansandStandardOperatingProcedures(SOPs)aretestedandrefinedthrough

training, seminars andmockdrills. TheNDMAwillassisttheStates/UTsintheseareasandwillalsoconductmockdrillsindifferentpartsofthecountry. State andDistrict authoritieswill beencouragedtogenerateacultureofpreparednessandquickresponse.GraduallyStateGovernmentswillbeencouragedtoplanaseriesofexercisesfor various types of disasters in collaborationwithNDMA to enhance the response level ofvariousstakeholders.

Partnerships for Mit igat ion and Preparedness

Community Based Disaster Preparedness

5.3.1 During any disaster, communities arenotonlythefirsttobeaffectedbutalsothefirstresponders. Community participation ensureslocal ownership, addresses local needs, andpromotesvolunteerismandmutualhelptopreventandminimisedamage.Therefore,theeffortsoftheStates/UTs,inthisregardneedtobeencouraged.

5.3.2 Theneedsoftheelderly,women,childrenand differently abled persons require specialattention.Womenandyouthwillbeencouragedto participate in decisionmaking committeesandactiongroupsformanagementofdisasters.Asfirstresponderstoanydisaster,communitieswillbetrainedinthevariousaspectsofresponsesuchasfirstaid,searchandrescue,managementofcommunityshelters,psycho-socialcounselling,distributionofreliefandaccessingsupportfromgovernment/agencies etc. Community planswillbedovetailedintothePanchayat,BlockandDistrictplans.

Stakeholders’ Participation

5.3.3 The part ic ipat ion of c iv i l societystakeholderswillbecoordinatedbytheSDMAsandDDMAs.CivilDefence,NCC,NYKS,NSSandlocalNon-GovernmentalOrganisations (NGOs)

21

Disaster PreveNtioN, MitigatioN aND PrePareDNess

willbeencouragedtoempowerthecommunityandgenerateawarenessthroughtheirrespectiveinstitutionalmechanisms. Efforts to promotevoluntaryinvolvementwillbeactivelyencouraged.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Public-Private Partnership (PPP)

5.3.4 Historically, the corporate sector hasbeensupportingdisasterreliefandrehabilitationactivities.However,theinvolvementofcorporateentitiesindisasterriskreductionactivitiesisnotsignificant.Corporateentitiesshouldredefinetheirbusinesscontinuityplantofactorinhazards,risksandvulnerabilities.Theyshouldalsocreatevalueininnovativesocialinvestmentsinthecommunity.PPPbetweentheGovernmentandprivatesector

would also be encouraged to leverage thestrengthsof the latter indisastermanagement.TheNDMAandSDMAsneedtonetworkwiththecorporate entities to strengthen and formalisetheirroleintheDMprocessforensuringsafetyofthecommunities.

Media Partnership

5.3.5 ThemediaplaysacriticalroleininformationandknowledgedisseminationinallphasesofDM.The versatile potential of both electronic andprintmedianeedstobefullyutilised. Effectivepartnershipwiththemediawillbeworkedoutinthefieldofcommunityawareness,earlywarningand dissemination, and education regardingvariousdisasters.

23

6 Techno-Legal Regime

Techno-Legal Regime

6.1.1 The DM Act, 2005, lays down theinstitutional and coordinationmechanisms attheNational,State,DistrictandLocal level.TherelevantActs,RulesandRegulationswarrantingamendmentsneedtobeidentifiedandbroughtinconformitywiththeDMActinaphasedmannerbytheCentralandStategovernmentsandotheragenciesconcerned.

Revision of Municipal Regulations

6.2.1 In view of the construction boom andrapidurbanisation,municipalregulationssuchasdevelopmentcontrolregulations,buildingbye-lawsandstructuralsafetyfeaturesneedtoberevisited.Theseregulationswillbereviewedperiodicallytoidentifysafetygapsfromseismic,flood,landslideand other disasters and suitablemodificationswillbemadetoalignthemtotherevisedbuildingcodesof theBureauof IndianStandards (BIS).Undesirablepracticescompromisingsafetyduringdisasters,thattendtocropupfromtimetotime,willneedtobeaddressedintheregulations.Theutilisation of unsuitable areas for construction,withoutnecessarysafeguards furtherenhancesvulnerability and needs to be guarded againstthrough appropriate compliancemechanisms.Similarly,theintroductionofsuitableregulationsfor rural areaswill alsobeemphasised.Whererequired, local bodies will be providedwithsuitablefinancialincentivesforthepreparationofappropriateregulations.Thisprocesswillinvolveanallinclusiveexerciseinvolvingduesensitisation

ofgovernmentalorganisationsatalllevels,localauthoritiesandthecommunityatlargetoaccruemaximumresultsthereof.

Land Use Planning

6.3.1 Central Ministries and Departmentsconcerned in consultation with scientificinstitutionswillcarryoutanalysisofenvironmentaland hazard data for formulation of alternativeland use plans for different geographical andadministrative areaswith a holistic approach.Thisismorerelevanttomegacities,metrosandhigh-densityurbansettlementsforsaferlocationofhabitatandothercriticalfacilities.Areviewofmaster plans and their compliance, onpriority,willbeessentialandregardedastheparamountresponsibilityoftheStates/UTs.Atthemacro-level,thereisaneedforpreparationoflanduseplanningbasedontheinventorydatabaseofvarioususes.As farasurbansettlementsareconcerned, thefuturelanduseistobeassessedkeepinginviewtheanticipatedintensityofdevelopment.

Safe Construction Practices

6.4.1 Hazards like earthquakes and cyclonesdonotkillpeoplebutinadequatelydesignedandbadly constructed buildings do. Ensuring safeconstruction of new buildings and retrofittingof selected lifeline buildings, as given in theEarthquakeGuidelines,isacriticalsteptobetakentowardsearthquakemitigation. Thedesign andspecificationofhousesbeingconstructed,under

24


theIndiraAwasYojana(IAY)andothergovernmentwelfareanddevelopmentschemes,willalsobere-examinedtoensurehazardsafety.Buildingcodeswillbeupdatedeveryfiveyearsasamandatoryrequirementandalsoput in thepublicdomain.ObservanceoftheNationalBuildingCodeshouldbemademandatory in all theState/Municipalbuildingbye-laws.

6.4.2 Training of engineers, architects, smallbuilders,constructionmanagersandartisanshasalreadybeenstartedandneedstobeintensifiedat the State and District level. Safe schoolsandhospitals (with largecapacity)andNationalmonumentsbesidesothercriticallifelinebuildingswillbe regardedasaNationalpriority.Enablingprovisions shall bemade in all the CentrallySponsoredSchemestodesignschoolbuildings/hostelswithearthquakeresilientfeaturesandtoequipthemwithappropriatefiresafetymeasures.

Compliance Regime

6.5.1 There is a need for putting in placea sound compliance regime, with bindingconsequences, to ensure the effectiveness oftechno-legalandtechno-financialprovisions.Itisimportanttoensurethatmonitoring,verificationandcompliancearrangementsareinplacebothat theNational and State level. Itwill be theresponsibility of all stakeholders concerned, toimplement these provisions. Adoption of bestmanagement practices like self-certification,socialaudit,andanexternalcomplianceregimeincludingauditbyprofessionalagencies,needtobeencouragedthroughdevelopmentanddesignoftoolssuchasIT-enabledmonitoringsoftwaretosuittheDMsystemsinIndia,inconsultationwithvariousstakeholdersandknowledgeinstitutionsforadoptionafterduetrialandvalidation.

Enforcement

6.6.1 After having put the techno-legal andcompliancesysteminplace,theStates/UTswillalso ensure their enforcement by establishinganeffectivemechanism,undertheprovisionsoftheAct.

25

7 Response

Approach

7.1.1 Promptandeffectiveresponseminimiseslossof life andproperty.A caring approach forthespecialneedsofvulnerablesections isalsoimportant.Theexistingand thenew institutionalarrangementsneedtoensureanintegrated,synergisedandproactiveapproachindealingwithanydisaster.Thisispossiblethroughcontemporaryforecastingandearlywarningsystems, fail-safecommunicationand anticipatory deployment of specialisedresponse forces.Awell-informedandpreparedcommunitycanmitigatetheimpactofdisasters.

Role of the NEC

7.2.1 TheNECwillcoordinateresponseintheevent of any threatening disaster situation ordisaster.WhiledisasterspecificguidelineswillbeformulatedbyNDMA,NECmaygivedirectionstotheconcernedMinistries/DepartmentsoftheGoI,theStateGovernmentsandtheStateAuthoritiesregardingmeasures to be taken by them inresponse to any specific threatening disastersituationordisaster.

Role of the Nodal and Other Central Ministries and Departments

7.3.1 For various types of disasters, thenodalMinistryconcernedwillchartoutdetailedResponsePlanswhichwillbeintegratedintotheNationalResponsePlan.TheNECmaycoordinateresponseintheeventofanythreateningdisastersituationordisaster.

Role of State, District and Local Authorities

7.4.1 ItistheprimaryresponsibilityoftheStateGovernments/SDMAs tomonitor and assessany developing situation and keep theNDMAandNEC apprised of the same. Theywill alsoberesponsibletoconstantlyevaluatetheirowncapabilities tohandle that situation andprojectthe anticipated requirements for the Centralresourceswell in time. Inter-state assistanceandcooperationwillbeencouraged.TheStates/UTswillalsoberesponsibletodeveloptheirownresponsepotential progressively and completethe process at the earliest. Thiswill comprisetrainingandequippingofStateresponseforces,communitypreparedness, training and creationofresponsecachesattheDistrict level.Districtlevel preparationswill provide the cuttingedgetoallresponseactivities.Localauthorities,PRIsandULBswillplayasignificantroleintheentireprocess, particularly in response and rescueoperations, relief and rehabilitation, awarenessgenerationanddisasterpreparedness,restorationoflivelihoodoptionsandcoordinationwithNGOsandcivilsociety.

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

7.5.1 AllCentralMinistries,StateGovernments,DistrictAuthoritiesandotherstakeholderswillprepareSOPsinconsonancewiththeNationaland State Plans. SOPswill be prescribed foractivities like search and rescue, medicalass is tance and casua l ty management ,

26


evacuation, restoration of essential servicesand communication at disaster sites, etc.The other important activities are provisionof food, drinking water, sanitation, clothingandmanagement of relief camps. DetailedSOPswill also be devised by all concernedfor despatch, receipt and deployment ofCentralresources.

Levels of Disasters

7.6.1 The SOPs for determining the levelsof disasters and for issuing alerts to electronicmessaging systemsof various agencies aboutdisastershavebeenformulatedbyMHA.TheseSOPswill be reviewedperiodically for disasterresponsemanagement in case of natural andman-madedisasters.

Incident Command System (ICS)

7.7.1 A traditional command structure existsin the administrative hierarchywhichmanagesdisastersinIndia.IthasbeenplannedtostrengthenandprofessionalisethesamebydrawingupontheprinciplesoftheICSwithsuitablemodifications.The ICS is essentially amanagement systemto organise various emergency functions in astandardisedmannerwhile responding to anydisaster. Itwill provide for specialist incidentmanagementteamswithanincidentcommanderandofficerstrainedindifferentaspectsofincidentmanagement, such as logistics, operations,planning,safety,mediamanagement,etc.ItalsoaimstoputinplacesuchteamsineachDistrictbyimpartingtrainingindifferentfacetsofincidentmanagement toDistrict level functionaries.Theemphasiswillbeontheuseoftechnologiesandcontemporarysystemsofplanningandexecutionwithconnectivitytothejointoperationsroomatalllevels.

First and other Key Responders

7.8.1 Theroleandimportanceofthecommunity,undertheleadershipofthelocalauthorities,PRIsandULBs,beingthebedrockof theprocessofdisaster response, iswell recognised. For theirimmediate support, there are other importantfirst responders like thePolice, SDRF, Fire andMedicalServices.TheNDRFwillprovidespecialistresponsetrainingwheneverrequired. Inserioussituations, the resourcesofallNDRFbattalions(18 teamsper battalion), on as requiredbasis,willbeconcentratedintheshortestpossibletimein thedisaster affected areas.Other importantresponderswill be the Civil Defence, HomeGuards and youth organisations such asNCC,NSS andNYKS. Thedeployment of theArmedForceswill also be organised on as requiredbasis. Establishment/raising of NDRF shouldprogressivelyreducedeploymentoftheArmedForces. However, theArmedForceswouldbedeployed onlywhen the situation is beyondthecopingcapacityof theStateGovernment(s)andNDRF.

Medical Response

7.9.1 Medical response has to be quick andeffective.Theexecutionofmedicalresponseplansand deployment ofmedical resourceswarrantspecialattentionat theStateandDistrict level inmostof thesituations.Thevoluntarydeploymentof thenearestmedical resources to thedisastersite,irrespectiveoftheadministrativeboundaries,willbeemphasised.MobilemedicalhospitalsandotherresourcesavailablewiththecentrewillalsobeprovidedtotheStates/UTsinaproactivemanner.Post-disastermanagementofhealth,sanitationandhygieneservicesiscrucialtopreventanoutbreakofepidemics.Therefore,constantmonitoringofanysuchpossibilitywillbenecessary.

27

Animal Care

7.10.1 Animals both domestic andwild areexposedtotheeffectsofnaturalandman-madedisasters. It is necessary to devise appropriatemeasures to protect animals and findmeansto shelter and feed themduring disasters andtheir aftermath, througha community effort, tothe extent possible. It is pertinent to note thatmany communities have shown compassionto animals during disasters, and these effortsneedtobeformalisedinthepreparednessplans.TheDepartments/Ministriesof theGoI,suchastheDepartmentofAnimalHusbandry,Dairying,

&Fisheries,SocialJusticeandEmpowermentandtheStatesconcernedshoulddevisesuchmeasuresatalllevels.

Information and Media Partnership

7.11.1 Du r ing d i sas te r s i tua t ions , thedissemination of accurate information throughelectronic and printmedia is very important.Regular press briefing by trained disastermanagement officials is essential. Training ininformationmanagementandaccuratereportingwillbeundertakenatalllevels.

resPoNse

29

8 Relief and Rehabilitation

Approach 8.1.1 Relief is no longer perceived only asgratuitousassistanceorprovisionofemergencyrelief supplies on time. It is on the contrary,viewedas anoverarching systemof facilitationofassistancetothevictimsofdisasterfortheirrehabilitationinStatesandensuringsocialsafetyandsecurityoftheaffectedpersons.Thereliefneedstobeprompt,adequateandofapprovedstandards.GuidelinesdefiningminimumstandardsofreliefwillbepreparedbytheNDMA.

Setting up of Temporary Relief Camps

8.2.1 DDMAs, especially in recurringdisasterprone areas,may identify locations for settingup temporary camps. Agencies to supply thenecessary storeswill be identified in the pre-disasterphase.Theuseofpremisesofeducationalinstitutionsforsettingupreliefcampsneedstobediscouraged.

8.2.2 The temporary relief campswill haveadequateprovisionofdrinkingwaterandbathing,sanitation and essential health care facilities.Wherever feasible, special task forces fromamongst the disaster affected familieswill besetuptoexplorethepossibilityofprovidingfoodthrough community kitchens, and provision ofeducation through the restoration of schoolsand anganwadis. Efficient governance systemslike entitlement cards, laminated identificationcardsetc.,willbedevelopedasapartofuniformhumanitariangovernancepractices through therespectiveDDMAs.

Management of Relief Supplies

8.3.1 Ensuringminimumstandardsofreliefandspeedymanagementof supplies are importantfeaturesofreliefoperations.SOPswillbeputinplace forensuring theprocurement,packaging,transportation, storage and distribution ofrelief items,which needs to be carried out inanorganisedmanner. The affected communityand local authorities need towork in tandeminmanaging the relief camps. Guidelineswillbe evolved tomanage the donations receivedin cash or kind to ensure transparencyandaccountability.

Review of Standards of Relief

8.4.1 InmostStates,existingstandardsofreliefneedtobereviewedtoaddressthecontemporaryneedsofcommunitiesaffectedbydisasters.TheSDMAsmay review theRelief Codes/manualsandprepareDMCodesforprescribingthenorms,standardsandcriteriafortheprovisionofreliefinconformitywiththeguidelinesofNDMA.

Temporary Livelihood Options and Socio-Economic Rehabilitation

8.5.1 In the aftermath of anymajor disaster,generally a demand always arises to generatetemporary livelihood options for the affectedcommunity and theStateGovernments shouldrecognise this aspect in their DM planningprocess.Anysuchoptionmustensure that theassets, infrastructure and amenities created

30


are hazard resistant, durable, sustainable, andcost-efficient.

Provision of Intermediate Shelters

8.6.1 In the case of devastating disasters,where extremeweather conditions canbe life-threateningorwhentheperiodofstayintemporaryshelters is likely to be long and uncertain,

constructionofintermediateshelterswithsuitablesanitaryfacilitieswillbeundertakentoensureareasonablequalityoflifetotheaffectedpeople.Thedesignofsuchshelterswillbeeco-friendlyand in consonancewith local culture. Itwouldbedesirable forSDMAs toplanduringperiodsofnormalcy, the layoutof intermediateshelterswhichiscost-effectiveandasperlocalneedswithmulti-usepotential.

31

9 Reconstruction and Recovery

Approach

9.1.1 The approach to the reconstructionprocesshastobecomprehensivesoastoconvertadversityintoopportunity.Incorporatingdisasterresilientfeaturesto‘buildbackbetter’willbetheguidingprinciple. Thisphase requires themostpatientandpainstakingeffortbyall concerned.The administration, the stakeholders and thecommunitiesneedtostayfocusedontheneedsofthisphase,as,withthepassageoftime,thesenseofurgencygetsdiluted.Theappropriatechoiceoftechnologyandprojectimpactassessmentneedstobe carriedout to establish that theprojectscontemplateddonotcreateanysideeffectsonthephysical,socio-culturaloreconomicenvironmentofthecommunitiesintheaffectedareasorintheirneighbourhood. Systems for providingpsycho-social support and traumacounselling need tobe developed for implementation during thereconstructionandrecoveryphase.

Owner Driven Reconstruction

9.2.1 Reconstruction plans and designing ofhousesneedtobeaparticipatoryprocessinvolvingthegovernment,affectedcommunity,NGOsandthecorporatesector.Aftertheplanningprocessisover,whileownerdrivenconstructionisapreferredoption,participationoftheNGOsandcorporatesectorwillbeencouraged.ReconstructionprogrammeswillbewithintheconfinesandthequalitativespecificationslaiddownbytheGovernment.

Speedy Reconstruction

9.3.1 Essentialservices,socialinfrastructureandintermediateshelters/campswillbeestablishedin the shortest possible time. For permanentreconstruction, ideally, thework including theconstructionofhousesmustbecompletedwithintwotothreeyears.CentralMinistries/Departmentsconcerned and the StateGovernments shouldcreatededicatedprojectteamstospeedupthereconstructionprocess.

9.3.2 Contingencyplans for reconstruction inhighlydisasterproneareasneedtobedrawnoutduringtheperiodofnormalcy,whichmayincludearchitecturalandstructuraldesignsinconsultationwiththevariousstakeholders.

Linking Recovery with Safe Development

9.4.1 Emphasiswill be laid on plugging thegapsinthesocialandeconomicinfrastructureandinfirmitiesinthebackwardandforwardlinkages.Effortswillbemadetosupportandenhancetheviabilityof livelihoodsystems,education,healthcare facilities, care of the elderly,women andchildren,etc.Otheraspectswarrantingattentionwill be roads, housing, drinkingwater sources,provision for sanitary facilities, availability ofcredit,supplyofagriculturalinputs,upgradationoftechnologiesintheon-farmandoff-farmactivities,storage,processing,marketing,etc.

32


Livelihood Restoration

9.5.1 State governments will have to layemphasis on the restoration of permanent

livelihood of those affected by disasters andspecial attention to the needs of women-headedhouseholds,artisans,farmersandpeoplebelongingtomarginalisedandvulnerablesections.

33

Capacity Development10Approach

10.1.1 A strategic approach to capacitydevelopment canbe addressedeffectivelyonlywiththeactiveandenthusiasticparticipationofthestakeholders.Thisprocesscomprisesawarenessgeneration, education, training, Research andDevelopment (R&D), etc. It further addressesputtinginplaceappropriateinstitutionalframework,managementsystemsandallocationofresourcesforefficientpreventionandhandlingofdisasters.

10.1.2 As someof these aspects have beendiscussed inotherchapters, thispartelaboratesonlyawareness,disastereducationandtraining.Theapproachtocapacitydevelopmentwillinclude:

• Accordingprioritytotrainingfordevelopingcommunity basedDMsystems for theirspecific needs in view of the regionaldiversitiesandmulti-hazardvulnerabilities.

• Conceptualisation of community basedDMsystemsattheNationallevelthrougha consultative process involving theStates and other stakeholderswith theStateandLocallevelauthoritiesinchargeofimplementation.

• Identif icat ion of knowledge-basedinstitutionswithprovenperformance.

• Promotion of International andRegionalcooperation.

• Adoption of traditional and global bestpracticesandtechnologies.

• Layingemphasis on table-topexercises,simulations,mockdrillsanddevelopmentofskillstotesttheplans.

• CapacityanalysisofdifferentdisasterresponsegroupsatState/District/Locallevels.

National Priorities

10.2.1 In the field of capacity development,prioritywillbegiven to trainingofDMofficials,functionaries,trainersandelectedrepresentativesandcommunities.

10.2.2 DMtrainingandorientationofprofessionalslikedoctors,engineers,andarchitectswillbegivendueimportance.Further,expansionofDMtrainingineducational institutionsat all levels includingschools, with orientation towards practicalrequirementswillbegivendueweightage.

Institutional Capacity Development

10.3.1 TheNIDMwillplayan important role indeveloping and facilitating the implementationof theNational trainingschedule forDM. Itwillalso be the nodal institution for Regional andInternationalcooperationfortraining.ThereareanumberofrenownedinstitutesinvariousStates,whichare imparting training inDM.These willbestrengthenedwithfinancialassistanceandsuch efforts will be replicatedbyStates/UTs.Also, theDMcells inallAdministrativeTrainingInstitutes,PoliceAcademies,State InstitutesofRuralDevelopment,thefourParamilitaryTrainingCentresof theNDRFand theNational TrainingAcademywill contributemost significantly indevelopingDM related skills. The capacity ofexisting institutes needs to be upgraded inaccordancewithRegionalandLocalrequirements.

34


Training of Communities

10.4.1 Building the capacity of communities,as they are the first responders todisasters, isa significant part of the capacity developmentprocess. Itwill includeawareness, sensitisation,orientationanddevelopingskillsofcommunitiesandcommunityleaders.AssistancefromNDRF,CivilDefenceandNGOs/othervoluntaryorganisationssuchas theRedCrossandSelf-HelpGroupswillbeencouraged.Theoverall responsibility togiveimpetustoleadershipandmotivationwillrestwithlocalauthorities,PRIsandULBsundertheoverallguidanceofStateandDistrictauthorities.

Professional Technical Education

10.5.1 Thecurriculaofgraduateandpostgraduatelevelcourses inarchitecture,engineering,earthsciencesandmedicinewill be reviewedby thecompetent authorities to include contemporaryknowledge related to DM in their respectivespecialisedfields.TheroleoftheNCCandBoyScoutsmay also be included in schools andcollegesfordisastermanagementrelatedwork.AttheNationallevel,theMinistryofHumanResourceDevelopmentwill encourage the developmentofDMas adistinct academicdiscipline, in theuniversitiesandinstitutesoftechnicalexcellence.

DM Education in Schools

10.6.1 TheintroductionofthesubjectofDM,bytheMinistryofHumanResourceDevelopment,in the curriculum through theCentralBoardofSecondary Education,will be extended to allschoolsthroughtheirSecondaryEducationBoards.StateGovernmentswillalsoensuretheinclusionof disastermanagement curriculum throughState School Boards. The education contentwill inculcate skill based training, psychologicalresilienceandqualitiesofleadership.TheroleoftheNCCandBoyScoutsmayalsobeincludedinschools and colleges for disastermanagement

relatedwork. Disaster educationwill aim atdevelopingacultureofpreparednessandsafety,besidesimplementingschoolDMplans.

Training of Artisans

10.7.1 Theupgradationoftheskillsofartisansisanothercrucialcomponentofthecapacitybuildingprocess.TheCentralMinistriesandDepartmentsconcernedwillensuretheavailabilityofresourcesforsustainableprogrammestotrainartisans.TheStateswillbeencouragedtopromotethisactivityvigorously. The guidance of Indian Institutesof Technology (IITs) andNational Institutes ofTechnology (NITs)will be sought to plan theseprogrammes.Theimplementationwillbeassistedby Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) andotherCentral, Regional andStateVocational TrainingInstitutes. To ensurewidespread participation,theseprogrammeswillbemadeavailable.Privatebuilders,contractorsandNGOsareexpectedtoplayasignificantroleinutilisingtrainedartisans.

Training of Other Groups

10.8.1 Other professional groups such asparamedics, socialworkers, plumbers, sanitaryfittersandsafetyauditorsalsoplayaveryimportantroleincommunitybasedDM.Thesegroupswillalsobeprovidedtrainingthroughsuitableprogrammes.

Licensing and Certification

10.9.1 Testingtheskillsofprofessionalsbecomesimportanttoensuredisasterresilientconstructioninthebuiltenvironment.TheBISwillberequestedto develop uniform codes and specificationswith thehelpofprofessionalbodies.TheStateGovernmentswilldevelopaschemetoensurethatonly adequatelyqualifiedprofessionalspractisewithin its territory. TheStateGovernmentswillalsoenforce theirown registrationbenchmarkstoupholddesirablestandardscommensuratewiththeirriskprofile.

35

Knowledge Management11Approach

11.1.1 Knowledgemanagementwillsynthesisethetechno-centricorganisationalandecologicalpracticestostrengthentheprocessofinformeddecisionmaking. There is a need to create anetworkofknowledgeinstitutionsinthefieldofDM,tosharetheirexperiencesandknowledge.While knowledge creation will be primarilycarried out in specialised domains by nodalinstitutions,theNIDMandothersimilarinstitutionswill play an important role in knowledgesynthesis,datamanagementanddisseminationamongst its clientele groups, especially othertraininginstitutions.

Synergetic Application of Science and Technology

11.2.1 TheMinistriesofScience&Technologyand Earth Sciences and the other concernedDepartments of theGoI, in consultationwiththe NDMA,will identify the specific needsanddisciplines for researchandalsodesignatedomain-specific institutionsdependingon theirexpertiseandknowledgebase.

Knowledge Institutions

11.3.1 TheNIDM and other institutionswillcollaborate and bring together academic andtraininginstitutionsattheNational,RegionalandInternational levels. These institutionswill formtheknowledgerepositoryinDM,andalsostrivetoenhancetheknowledgebase.

Knowledge Dissemination through Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK)

11.4.1 Arichlegacyoftechnicalknowledgeandexperience has been handed down right fromancienttimesbywayoftriedandtestedpracticesin facingdisasters indifferent partsof India.Aconcertedeffortwillbemade tocatalogue thispreciousheritage,validatetheproductsthroughcontemporary systems and disseminate theresults toappropriatedestinationsandaffectedcommunitieswithaviewtoaddingvaluetotheirDMeffort.

India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN)

11.5.1 The existing frameworkof IDRNneedstobefurtherexpandedtoincludetheresourcesofvariousagencies,domainsanddisciplinesattheNational level. The relevant informationwillbeplacedinthepublicdomainforeasyretrieval,usageandonlineupdation.

India Disaster Knowledge Network (IDKN)

11.6.1 In acknowledgment of the need fora knowledge sharing platform onDM, and tofacilitate interaction and dialoguewith relatedareasofexpertise,theIndiaDisasterKnowledge

36


Network Portal has been set up. The portalwill serve as a tool to collect, collate anddisseminate information related toDM. ItwillconnectallGovernmentDepartments,statutoryagencies, research organisations/institutionsand humanitarian organisations to sharecollectivelyandindividuallytheirknowledgeandtechnicalexpertise.

Documentation of Best Practices and Research

11.7.1 Intheimmediateaftermathofanydisaster,fieldstudieswillbecarriedout,withthehelpof

experts,asaninstitutionalmeasure.Thesestudieswillconcentrateonidentifyinggapsintheexistingprevention andmitigationmeasures and alsoevaluatethestatusofpreparednessandresponse.Similarly, the lessonsofpastdisasterswill alsobecompiledanddocumented.Therecoveryandreconstructionprocesswillalsobeanalysedforfurther refining theDMprocesses and trainingneeds.Withthehelpofexperts,NIDMwilldevelopa referencebook for the development of casestudiesanddocumentationofbestpractices ina professionalmanner. This knowledgewill bedisseminatedtoallconcernedwithinthecountryandalsosharedwithInternationalorganisations.

37

Research and Development12Approach

12.1.1 Hitherto, a relief-centric approach hasconfinedtheresearchanddevelopmentefforttorestricteddomains.Aprimaryconcernoffutureeffort in these areaswill be the identificationofbroad researchneeds in respectofdifferenthazardsinvariouspartsofIndiaandintensifyingdemanddriven researchprogrammes.Regionaland International collaboration needs to beencouraged.

Institutional Arrangements

12.2.1 The entire DM architecture needs tobe supportedby a solid foundationof frontlineR&Defforts, offering soundand state-of-the-artscienceandtechnologyoptionsinauserfriendlymanner.Aproactivestrategytoenhancemutualreinforcementandsynergyamongstthevariousgroups and institutionsworking in the field ofDMwill be recognised. Pooling and sharingofperspectives, information and expertise willbepromotedby encouraging suchefforts. Theidentification of trans-disciplinary concernsthrough a process of ‘integration’ of the talentpoolgroupswillbefacilitatedandaddressedbyastandingmechanismattheNationalandStatelevel. Close interactionwithCentralMinistriesandDepartmentsofAgriculture,AtomicEnergy,EarthSciences,Environment & Forests,Health,Industry,Science&Technology,andSpace;andwithacademicinstitutionssuchastheIITs,NITsanduniversities,etc.,willbemaintained.

Identification of Needs and Promotion of Research

12.3.1 A coregroupof experts fromscientificand technical institutions has alreadybeen setupbytheNDMAtoidentifybroadresearchneedsindisasterriskreduction.Theywillalso identifyresearchpartners/agencies/groupsdependingontheirknowledgebaseandexpertise.EmphasiswillbelaidonclimatechangeandglobalwarmingwithspecificrelevancetoIndia.

12.3.2 The research on cross-cutting themesincludingtechnologicalandman-madedisasterswillbepromotedinadditiontonaturaldisasters.Research andDevelopment in areas such asmicro-zonationandscenariodevelopmentbasedonsimulationstudieswillalsobeencouragedtoassesstheshort-termandlong-termconsequencesofthesedisasters.

39

The Road Ahead1313.1.1 Theenunciationofthispolicyrepresentsmerelythefirststepinthenewjourney.It isaninstrument that hopes tobuild theoverarchingedificewithinwhichspecificactionsneedtobetakenby various institutions and individuals atalllevels.Adestinationhasbeendescribed,andhopefully,adirectionshown.Thestagehasbeenset,andtheroadmapsnowneedtoberolledout.

13.1.2 This document has endeavoured tocapture, in itsessence, the vigorouslyenablingenvironment,which thebodypolitic hasput inplace throughanActofParliament thatheraldstheonsetofadifferentapproachindealingwithdisastersthathave,inthepasttakenaheavytolloflivesandpropertiesandcrippledtheeconomicbaseofcommunities.Italsoillustratesrealisationofthefactthatdisastersnotonlycauseasetbacktoeconomicanddevelopmentalgrowth,butalsoseriouslyaffectthenationalsecurityenvironment.

13.1.3 The central theme is the belief that adisasterintelligentandresilientcommunity,dulyempoweredby a newly createdDMStructure,working in cohesionmulti-sectorally,will helprealisethenationalvision.

13.1.4 This is also an expression of the firmconviction of the national leadership tomakenecessary financial allocations for Prevention,PreparednessandMitigationratherthanfruitlesslyincurpost-disasterexpenditureyearafteryear.

13.1.5 Thispolicywillhaveserveditspurpose,if thosethatarechargedwiththeresponsibilityofcarryingthetaskforward,findthattheirhandshavereceivedfromit,thestrengthanddirectionthattheyneed.

41

Abbreviations

ARMVs – AccidentReliefMedicalVans

BIS – BureauofIndianStandards

CBOs – CommunityBasedOrganisations

CBRN – Chemical,Biological,RadiologicalandNuclear

CCMNC – CabinetCommitteeonManagementofNaturalCalamities

CCS – CabinetCommitteeonSecurity

CSR –CorporateSocialResponsibility

CRF – CalamityReliefFund

DDMA – DistrictDisasterManagementAuthority

DM – DisasterManagement

GIS – GeographicInformationSystem

GoI – GovernmentofIndia

GPS – GlobalPositioningSystem

HLC – HighLevelCommittee

HPC – HighPoweredCommittee

IAY – IndiraAwasYojana

ICS – IncidentCommandSystem

ICT – InformationandCommunicationTechnology

IDRN – IndiaDisasterResourceNetwork

IDKN – IndiaDisasterKnowledgeNetwork

IITs – IndianInstitutesofTechnology

IMC – Inter-MinisterialCommittee

IMG – Inter-MinisterialGroup

IT – InformationTechnology

ITIs – IndustrialTrainingInstitutes

ITK – IndigenousTechnicalKnowledge

MHA – MinistryofHomeAffairs

NCC – NationalCadetCorps

NCCF – NationalCalamityContingencyFund

NCMC – NationalCrisisManagementCommittee

NDEM – NationalDatabaseforEmergencyManagement

NDMA – NationalDisasterManagementAuthority

NDMF – NationalDisasterMitigationFund

42


NDRF – NationalDisasterResponseForce

NEC – NationalExecutiveCommittee

NGOs – Non-GovernmentalOrganisations

NIDM – NationalInstituteofDisasterManagement

NITs – NationalInstitutesofTechnology

NSDI – NationalSpatialDataInfrastructure

NSS – NationalServiceScheme

NYKS – NehruYuvaKendraSangathan

PPP – Public-PrivatePartnership

PRIs – PanchayatiRajInstitutions

R&D – ResearchandDevelopment

SAARC – SouthAsianAssociationforRegionalCooperation

SDMA – StateDisasterManagementAuthority

SDRF – StateDisasterResponseForce

SEC – StateExecutiveCommittee

SOPs – StandardOperatingProcedures

ULBs – UrbanLocalBodies

UN – UnitedNations

UTs – UnionTerritories

WMO – WorldMeteorologicalOrganization

Magnum Custom Publishing (A Div. of Magnum Books Pvt Ltd)[email protected], www.magnumbooks.org

NATIONAL POLICY

ON

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

2009


GOVERNMENT OF INDIAMINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

government of india - disaster risk reduction...bevolved e towards disaster management with emphasis...

Documents