GOVERNMENT COLLEE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS)

KUMBAKONAM

(FOR THE CANDIDATES TO ADMITTED FROM THE YEAR 2012-2013 ON WARDS)

DEPATRMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

M.SC – GEOGRAPHY

Sem Course Title InHrs/

Week Credit

Exam

Hrs Int. Ext. Total

I CC-I- Climatology 6 5 3 25 75 100

CC-II- Geomorphology 6 5 3 25 75 100

CC-III- Environmental

Geography 6 5 3 25 75 100

CC-IV-(Practical I) Terrain

Mapping & Climatic Data

Analysis

6 4 3 40 60 100

EC-1 –Regional Planning 6 4 3 25 75 100

Total 30 23

II CC-V-Geographical Thought 6 5 3 25 75 100

CC-VI-Urban Geography 6 5 3 25 75 100

CC-VII-(Principles of Remote

Sensing) 6 5 3 25 75 100

Pra.II CC – VII Interpretation of

Topographical Maps 6 5 3 40 60 100

Ec-II- Agricultural Geography 6 4 3 25 75 100

Total 30 24

III CC-X-Thematic Cartography 6 5 3 25 75 100

CC-XI- Geographic

Information System 6 5 3 25 75 100

CC-IX- Transport Geography 6 5 3 25 75 100

CC-XII-[ Practical)- Spatial

Analysis 6 4 3 40 60 100

Ec-III- Disaster Management 6 4 3 25 75 100

Total 30 23

IV CC-XIII- Socio- Economic

Data Analysis 6 5 3 40 60 100

CC-XIV- Research

Methodology 6 5 3 25 75 100

CC-XV- Project Work 12 6 - - - 100

Ec-IV- Population geography 6 4 3 25 75 100

Total 30 20

120 90 1900

Core Course paper : 14

Elective Course Paper : 4

Project Paper : 1

CORE COURSE I

CLIMATOLOY

UNIT – I

Definition- Nature, scope and Content – Composition and Structure of

atmosphere – Insolation – Heat budget – Distribution of Temperature –

Horizontal – Vertical distribution – Temperature inversion.

UNIT – II

Atmospheric Pressure and winds – Pressure Variations – Vertical Variation and

Horizontal distribution – Winds: Factors affecting wind motion – Periodic and

local wind – Latitudinal shifting of wind belts – Jet stream, Monsoon –

Concepts and Origin of Monsoon – Indian Monsoon.

UNIT – III

Precipitation – Humidity – definition – types- Factors affecting potential

Evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration – Atmospheric equilibrium:

stability and instability – Adiabatic Process – Temperature change –

Condensation – Forms of Precipitation – Clouds – Mean annual Precipitation –

Variability – Intensity – Artificial Precipitation.

UNIT – IV

Air masses: Definition and Characteristics – Classification. Atmospheric

disturbances: Cyclones and Anticyclones – Temperate cyclones: Front –

Frontogensis – Types – Characteristics- Frontolysis – Tropical disturbances,

movement and track.

UNIT – V

Applied Climatoloyg - Koppen – Thornthwaite – Trewartha classification,

climatic change – Remote Sensing Application – Weather forecasting – Agro

climate – Urban Heat island – Ozone depletion – Human Comfort Zones.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Lal.D.S. (1996) Allahabad, chaitanya Publishing House.

2. Crrichfield H.J. (1996) General climatology, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

3. Menson P.A. (1989) Our Weather, National Books Trust, New Delhi.

4. Collins V.K. (1987) Weather, Rader and Flood Forecasting, John Wiley

& Sons.

5. Smith K. (1975) Principles of Applied Climatology, McGraw Hill Book

Co., London.

CORE COURSE II

GEONORPHOLOY

UNIT – I

Meaning– Scope and Development – Basic Concepts [ Thornbuly],

Geological Time Scale – Recent Trends.

UNIT – II

Endogenetic forces: Plate tectonic, continental Drift Theory,

Diastrophism, Volcanism, Earth quakes, Endogenetic Process: Weathering,

Mass Wasping.

UNIT – III

Concept of cycle of Erosion Davis and Penck – Peneplain and pediplain –

slope development: classification and Elements – Theories of slope Evolution:

Davis Penck, king and wood.

UNIT – IV

Land forms: Fluvial, Karst, Glacial, Aeolian and Coastal landforms.

UNIT – V

Applications of Geomorphology and Land use: Geomorphology in

Mineral Exploration. Engineering Projects , Dams and River regulation,

Hydrological studies, Coastal Zone Management, Geographical Interpretation.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Majid Husain Ed., (1994) Geomorophy, Perspective in physical

Geography Series, Anmoi Publication Pvt., New Delhi.

2. Dayal P.(1990) A text Book Geomorphology, Shukla Book Depot., Patna.

3. Mukerjee P.K (1986) A Text of Geology, The world press (p) Limited,

Calcutta.

4. Rice R.J. (1986) Fundamentals of Geomorphology, Longman, London.

5. Pitty A.F. (1982) The Nature of Geomorphology, Methuen and co. Ltd.,

London.

6. Thonbury – Geomorphology.

CORE COURSE III

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY

UNIT – I

Definition- Scope of Environmental geography – Geography and Geology –

fundamental Concepts – Meaning – Structure and type of Environment –

Components of Environment.

UNIT – II

Ecosystem – Meaning – types of Ecosystem – Components of Ecosystem –

functioning of Ecosystem – Sub systems of biosphere – Biotic & components.

UNIT – III

Sources of Energy – ecological Production – Food chains – Food Weps –

Ecological Pyramids – Flow of Energy – Biogeochemical Cycle – Hydrological

Cycle – Carbon cycle – oxygen cycle – Nitrogen cycle – Phosphorous cycle –

Sediment cycle.

UNIT – IV

Man & Environmental Relationships – Deterministic Approach – Possibilistion

approach – Man & atmostheric Relation ships – Global Radiation – Heat

Balance – Green House Effect – Emission of Carbon Dioxide.

UNIT – V

Environmental Planning and Management – Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA) – Major global – Problems – Global warming.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Singh. S (2002)” Environmental Geography.” Prayag pustak bhawan,

Allahabad.

2. Robinson. H – Biogeography, ELBS:Mc Donald and Evana, London –

1982.

3. Nigel pears – Basic Biogeography Longman, London and New York –

1985.

4. New begin. I – Plant and Animal geography – Retheran – U.K.

5. Saxena. H.M. – Environmental geography – Rawat. Jaipur.

6. Savidhra Singh – Prayag purtak Shavan, Allaha.

CORE COURSE IV

PRACTICAL I – TERRAIN MAPPIN & CLIMATIC DATA

ANALYSIS

UNIT – I Drawing of Profiles:

(a) Serial Profiles (b) Longitudinal Profiles (c) superimposed Profiles (d)

Composite Profiles (e) Projected Profiles.

UNIT – II Slope Analysis:

(a) Wentworth methods (b) Smith relative relief methods (c) Robinson

method

(b) (d) Hypsometric curve (e) Altimetric Frequency Curve.

UNIT – III Morphometric Analysis:

(a) Stream ordering (b) Bifurcation Ratio (c) Stream lenth Ratio (d)

Drainae Density (e) Water Balance.

UNIT – IV Climatic Data Analysics:

(a) Climograph (b) Fester‟s climograph (c) Hythergraph (d) Rainfall

dispersion diagram (e) wind Rose Diagram (f) Climatograph (g) Ergograph.

REFERENCE:

1. Miller A. (1964) The Skin of the Earth, Methuen and B.I. Publications,

Delhi.

2. Monkhouse, F.J. Wilkinson H.R. (1963) Maps and Diagrams: Their

Compilation And Construction, Methuen and Co., London.

3. Sinh R.L. and Dutt P.K. (1978) Elements of Practical Geography,

Students and Friends, Allahabad.

4. Saha, P& Basu, P, “ Advanced practical Geography – a LABERATERY

Manual,” Arunabha sen publisha, Kolkata.

ELECTIVE COURSE I

REIONAL PLANNING

UNIT – I

Meaning and types of planning – Regions, evolution of regional planning- aims

of regional planning – processes – Interdisciplinary nature – regionalism vs

sectionalism – History of Regional Planning.

UNIT – II

Regional imbalances and problems in India – regional imbalances in

distribution of natural resources (soil, Forest, Water and mineral) agricultural

development and Industrial concentration Need for Spatio – temporal and

sectoral planning.

UNIT – III

Geographical data matrix – Spatio – Temporal Dimensions Grouping of

dimensions in Regional Analysis. Methods to solve Indian Regional Problems –

Growth pole Theory.

UNIT – IV

- Role of Planning commission – Five year Plans – Annual plans – Multilevel

planning – planning Regions in India – Special Programmes – Drought trone

Area programme, Tribal and Hill area Development, Backward area

development Programme National Watershed development Programme.

UNIT – V

Evolution of regional planning in TamilNadu – State planning commission –

Earlier planning regions – District planning units – panchayat Raj System –

Power and Functions of town Pancayat – Municipality and corporation.

CORE COURSE V

GEOGRAPHICAL THOUGHT

UNIT – I

Contributions – Greeks – Romans – Arabs and Ancient India – Impact of

Explorations and Discoveries.

UNIT – II

Modern Period – Americans – British – German – France – Development of

Geography in India.

UNIT – III

Dualism and dichotomies in Geography – Determinism Vs possibilism –

Physical Vs Human – General Vs Regional – Qualitative Vs Quantitative –

Ideographic Vs Nomethatic.

UNIT – IV

Four traditions in Geography – Man Land, Area, Spatial Tradition and Earth

science – Quantitative Revolution – Paradigms – System Approach – Regional

concept.

UNIT – V

Modern Trends in Geography – Quantitative Revolution in geography – Remote

Sensing, GIS and GPS in Geography. Indian organizations in Geographical

Research ISRO, Survey of India Geological Survey of India and NATMO. .

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Negi B.S 1994, Geographical Thought, kethar Narth, Meerut, India.

2. Sudeepta, A. 2009. Fundamentals of Geographical Thought, Chaitanya

publishing House, Allahabad, India.

3. Mishra, R.P. 1971 Regional planning – concepts, Techanques, polics &

Case Studies, University of Mysore.

4. Geographical Thought by Dixit.

CORE COURSE VI

URBAN GEOGRAPHY

UNIT – I

Nature – Scope & Significance of Urban Geography – Process of Urbanization

– Definition of Urban Population – Measurements of Urban areas – Facts &

Causes of Urbanization.

UNIT – II

Functions and Classification of Urban Places – Central Place Theory – Rank

Size – distribution of Cities.

UNIT – III

Urban land use models – Burge‟s models – Harris & Ullman – Hoyt‟s models –

CBD and its Characteristics – Morphology of Towns – Growth of Cities.

UNIT – IV

Urban expansion: Vertical and Horizontal, Urban Sprawl – Urban Fringe –

Suburban – The Concept of Satellite Town and New Towns – Conurbation –

Metropolis – Megalopolis City Region Concept – Umland – Christaller‟s

Central Place Theory.

UNIT – V

Urban Environmental Problems – Slums – Solid Waste, Water Supply and

Transport – Pollution – Urban Planning - Others.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Carter H.(1964): The Study of Urban Geography Edward Arnold.

London .

2. Bourne L.s. (1971): Internal Structure of the city Oxford University

press- New York.

3. Johnson J.H. (1972): Urban Geography, pergaon, London.

4. Mayer and Kohn(1967): Readings in Urban Geography, central Book

Department, Allahabad.

5. Northern R.K.(1975): Urban Geography, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

6. Carter H. (1975); The Study of Urban Geography, Arnold Publications.

7. Mandal R.B.(1998):Urban Geography, Concept Publishing Company,

New Delhi.

8. Siddhartha K and Murarjee (2000) Cities, Urbanization and Urban

system, Kisala Publications.

9. Majid Hussain (2003): Urban Geography, Arnold Publications.

CORE COURSE VII

PRINCIPLES OF REMOTE SENSING

Unit-1

Basic Principles- Electromagnetic Remote Sensing – Energy source and

its Characteristics – Energy Interactions in the Atmosphere and Earth surface

features – Remote Sensing Advantages and Limitations.

Unit –II

Satellite Remote Sensing – Types of satellite and Orbits- Satellite-

Resolution, Spectral, Spatial, Radiometric & Temporal – Description of Sensing

is Land Sat – SPOT, IRS series.

Unit –III

Visual Image Interpretation – types of Pictorial data ;products – Image

interpretation strategy – Process of Image interpretation & Aerial Photo – Three

dimensional interpretation methods – Application of Aerial photo interpretation

– interpretation of satellite imager of Topographic features – Drainage Patten &

texture – Erosion – Image tone – Vegetation & Land use.

UNIT -IV

Digital image processing – Image Rectification an Restoration – Image

Enhancements – Contrast Manipulation, spatial Manipulation and Multispectral

Manipulation _ Image classification _ Supervised and Unsupervised

Classification – Data Margin and Output stage.

UNIT-V

Applications of Remote Sensing in Geography – Crop area estimation –

crop stress Monitoring crop production forecasting – Assessment of Land –

surface water – Sub surface water – Desertification – Deforestation –

Urbanization – Land cover changes- forest fire Hazard zone mapping – Dam

site selection – volcanic Hazard.

REFRENCE BOOKS:

1. Thomas, M.Lillesand (1986): Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, Wily

Sons, New York.

2. John.R.Jensem (2003) Remote Sensing of the Environment, Pearson

Education, new Delhi.

3. Curran (1985): Principles of Remote Sensing, Longman, London.

4. Lo.CP (1986) Applied Remote Sensing, Longman, London.

5. Narayanan, Applications of remote Sensing, Hindu Publication.

6. Arji Reddy. M (2006) Text Books of Remote Sensing and geographical

Information Systems, (3rd

Edition) BS Publications, Hyderabad.

7. Panda. B.C. (2006) Remote Sensing Principles and Applications Viva

books Private Limited, New Delhi.

CORE COURSE XII

PRACTICAL – II INTERPRETATION OF TOPRAPHICAL

MAPS

UNIT – I

Appreciation and interpretation of SOI map and O.S Sheets: Physical and

cultural Features.

UNIT – II

Interpretation of U.S Map and National atlas of India, Census atlas.

UNIT – III

Aerial Remote Sensing: Elements of Visual Interpretation – Marginal

Information of Aerial photography – Interpretation of aerial Photographs.

UNIT – IV

Satellite Remote sensing: Marginal Information of Satellite imageries –

Interpretation Of Satellite imageries (physical & cultural Features).

ELECTIVE COURSE II

AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY

UNIT – I

Nature – Scope & Significance of Agricultural geography – origin and

dispersal - elements.

UNIT – II

Approaches of the Study – commodity – systematic - regional.

UNIT – III

Determinants of agricultural land use – physical – economic – social –

institutional – technological factors – recent agricultural dynamism – green

revolution – white – blue - revolution.

UNIT – IV

Von Thunens theory – location – recent modifications – land use – land

capability – classification – land use changes – measurement of agricultural

productivity.

UNIT – V

Crop combination Regions – Dois – Least Square – Maximum positive

devation method – Whittleseys agricultural types – world patterns.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Alexander J.W, Economic geography, Prentice Hall, New York.

2. Hussain M, 1979, Agricultural geography, Inter India Publisher, Delhi.

CORE COURSE X

THEMATIC CARTOGRAPHY

UNIT – I

Nature – Scope of Thematic Cartography – Science of Communication –

Artistic learning – branches - maps – photographs – imageries - tools.

UNIT – II

History – ancient – medieval period – early modern period – recent period.

UNIT – III

Map Making – compilation – Pull ups – compiling physical and cultural details

– elements – generalization – simplification – symbolization – complex

mapping.

UNIT – IV

Map design – layout – principles – theory – making symbols – constrain – map

format – children – Neo literates – Blinds.

UNIT – V

Map reproduction, Principles of Thematic maps – planning for reproduction –

prepious methods- latest technological development in thematic map

reproduction.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Misra R.P, & Ramesh A., 1989, Fundamentals of cartography. Concept

publishing. New Delhi.

2. Robinsons. A.H, 1985, Elements of Cartography, John Wiley sons, New

York.

CORE COURSE X

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

UNIT – I

Introduction – Overview information system – Contribution disciplines – IS

Definitions & Terminology – Queries – is Architecture – Theoretical Models of

is – Theoretical Framework of IS – IS Categories – Levels / Scales of

Measurements.

UNIT – II

Spatial data modeling – Stages of GIS Data modeling – graphic Representation

of Spatial data – Raster IS Model – Vector IS Model – Comparison of Raster &

Vector Models.

UNIT – III

Data Base Management Systems – Functions – Components – Data file

Management – Database Models – Storage of IS Date – Object based data

Models – temporal Topology. Data input & Editing – Data Stream – Input

methods – Detecting & Correcting Errors – Reduction & Generalization – edge

matching & Rubber Sheeting.

UNIT – IV

Data Quality issues – Accuracy – Precision & Resolution – Consistency –

Completeness – Sources of error in GIS – Modeling Errors – Evaluation by

Graphical Methods – Metadata issues – Graphic Design – Error Analysis – Uses

Satisfaction issues.

UNIT – V

Data analysis & Modeling – Format Conversion – Spatial Measurement

Methods – Reclassification – Buffering Techniques – Overlay Analysis –

Modeling Surfaces – Modeling Networks – IS out Put..

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Anji Reddy.M (2006) Text Book of Remote Sensing and geographical

Information Systems, Bs Publication, Hyderabad.

2. Kan-tsung Chan, (2002) Introduction to geographic Information systems,

Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.

3. LO, C.P. and Albert K.W. Yennus, (2002) Concepts and Techniques of

Geographic Information Systems, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited,

New Delhi.

4. Ian Heywood, et al., (2003) An Introduction to geographic Information

System, Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd., Delhi.

5. George.B and Korte, P.E. (2001) The IS Book, Eastern Press Pvt. Ltd.

Bangalore.

6. Peter A. Burrough and Rachael A. McDonnell (1998) Principles

geographical Information System, Oxford University Press, New York.

CORE COURSE IX

TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY

Unit –I

Nature, Scope and Significance of Transport Geography -

Theoretical Framework of Transport Geography – Distance and Human

Interaction – Technological changes and Transport Development.

Unit II

Characteristics and Relative Significance of Different Modes of Transport –

Surface, Water Development of National Highways and National Permit

Systems.

UNIT III

Structure of Network – Route Density – Slope, Pattern and Route

efficiency and capacity of the Network – Measures Of Connectivity and

Accessibility.

UNIT IV

Concepts and Methods of Flow Analysis Application of Linear

Programming in Geographic Problems – Aggregation & Gravity Potential

Model – Least cost flow Analysis of Network.

UNIT V

Transport and Developing Planning – Role of

Transport in National Organization, in socioeconomic integration – Planning of

Transport systems and Impact of Regional Development.

REFERENCE BOOK

1. Eliot Hurst M.E (Ed) (1974) Transportation Geography, McGrawhill.

2. Garrison W Berry BJL,et al (1959) Studies of Highway, Development

and Geographic Change. University of Washington, Seatle.

3. Grossman W.L. (1959) Fundamentals of Transportation, New York.

4. Maps, Chart and Other Information Published by Government Tamil

Nadu.

CORE COURSE XII

PRACTICAL –III-SPATIAL DATA ANALYSIS

UNIT-I

Frequency distribution – Graphical representation: Histogram, frequency

polygon frequency curve – cumulative or Ogive curve.

UNIT-II

Measurement of central tendency: Mean, Median and Mode –

Dispersions: Range, quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation, standard deviation and

Lolenz curve.

UNIT-III

Correlation: Rank comelation & Co-Efficient of correlation _

Regression _seatter Diagram.

UNIT-IV

Testing of Hypothesis – chi- squared Test – Test and „f‟ Test –

Probability: Binominal and Normal distribution.

REFFRENCE BOOKS:

1. Concept Of Ecology- “Edward J.Kormondry” .,prentice Hall of Indi

(pub), New Delhi (1996).

2. V.Ravi Msra- “Geographical science and Environment vol 1 To V”.

Anmol publications, New Dwlhi (2001).

3. Lorry W.Carter –“Environment: Impact Assessment” Mc Graw Hill New

York (1998).

4. Pawl Brown –“Global Warming”, University Press (2001)

5. pater Hagett – Geography – A modern Synthesis: Harpur and Row

Publications (1979).

ELECTIVE COURSE –III

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

UNIT-I

Meaning – types – interior of earth earth quakes – volcanic eruption –

land slide – Geographical occurrence.

UNIT-II

Atmospheric disaster – cyclones – Global warming - acid rain -

hurricanes – Tornadoes – mitigation possibilities.

UNIT-III

Hydrological and Marine disaster – flood Hazard – sea level changes –

Tsunami – coast zone management.

UNIT-IV

Biological disaster – desertification – human impact – mitigate

desertification – biodiversity – hot spots – forest fire – loss of species.

UNIT-V

Assessment & Management – Ground & Satellite data Usage –

monitoring Disasters nuclear – disaster mitigation.

REFERENCE:

1. Agrwal s.K. 2004, Global warming and climatic change, APH

publications, New Delhi,

2. Patick A.L, 1996, Natural Disasters WMC. Brown publisher.

3. Saxena H.M.1996, Natural Disasters Wm, Brown publishers.

CORE COURSE –XIII

SOCIO ECONOMIC DATA ANALYSIS

UNIT-I

Diagrams. Line graph – Multiple line Graph – simple bar Diagrams –

Multiple, comparative and percentage bar diagrams.

UNIT-II

Mapping of population Data: Located bar Diagram – Located bar

Diagram – Located sphere diagram – located pie diagram – Dot map –

choropleth Maps – Age and sex pyramids.

UNIT-III

Mapping of Settlement analysis – Functions – Triangular Methos –

Occupational Data – Core periphery Models – Urban Systems – Nearest

Neighbor analysis.

UNIT-IV

Mapping of Agricultural data – Index of concentration – index of

diversification – crop combination maps: Weaver, Dior‟s and Raffiullah‟s

method.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. S.P.Gupta- statitisical Methods. sultan chand & b sons. New Delhi.

2. Pijushkanti S.& Pratha B, 2010, Advanced practical Geography,

Arunabha sen Kolkata.

3. Gregory. S-Statistical methods and the Geographer, London 1963.

4. Harmond and Megullah -

Quantitative Techniques in Geoography.

5. Aslan Mahmood- statistical Methods in Geographical Studies.

CORE COURSE –XV

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

UNIT-I

Meaning – Need for Scientific Research – Types of Research

Appr4oaches – identification of fields – Area of Interest – Themes.

UNIT-II

Logic in Research – Hypothesis- concepts & principles in Geographical

Research.

UNIT-III

Research Design – Literature Survey – Selection of the Topic -

Statement of the problem – formulation of Hypothesis – Testing of Hypothesis

Testing of Hypothesis – time schedule – bibliography – role of internet.

UNIT-IV

Data acquisition – analysis – collection of data – source of data – primary

– secondary data – sampling techniques – structuring of data base – data

Transformation.

UNIT-V

Organization of thesis – preliminaries – text & Reference materials –

drafting of Thesis – First second & Final Evaluation – Language & Presentation

– Form – Style – Writing of abstracts – Research papers -

Seminar – Journal Publications.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Kothari c.R. Research Methodologty, Methods & Tecgbuqyes, 2004 New

Age international (p) Limited, Chennai.

2. Misra R.P. Research Methodology in Geography. Gopal Lal. J, 2003 ,

Research Methodology – Methods, tools & techniques, mangal Deep

Publisher, New Delhi.

ELECTIVE COURSE –III

POPULATION GEOGRAPHY

UNIT-I

Nature- Scope – significanced – population Geography relation with

other social science concept of Population Theories.

UNIT-II

Population growth: Fertility, mortality – patterns of words distribution –

growth and density recent trends.

UNIT-III

Composition of population – sex composition – sex ratio – secondary sex

ratio – tertiary sex ratio – sex in India – Methods of age analysis – age Pyramids

UNIT-IV

Population change – fertility and its measure –mortality - measures-

mobility – factors – world patterns of fertility – demographic Transition –

spatial dimension – population – policy issues – population resource regious.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Mitra K.C. (ed), 2012, Population Geography, published by wisdom

press, Delhi.

2. Ghosh B.N.fundamentals of population Geography, Streling publisher.

Delhi.

3. Trewartha G.T,1969, A Geograpy of population world patterns, John

willey6 & sons, New York.

4. Clark I, 1965, population Geography, Permagon Press, New York.