goran djordjević - javni nastup
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Modul: Javni nastupTRANSCRIPT
Sep 29 – Oct 03, 2008Kragujevac
WELCOME! EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION
PUBLIC APPEARANCEDAY 1
Sep 29 – Oct 03, 2008Kragujevac
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Why are we
here?
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Day 1
17:00-18:00•Welcome note•Introduction•Expectations•What, Why, Who, When, Where, How
18:00-19:00 •About Communications
19:00-19:20 •Break
19:20-20:00 •Target Audiences Identification•Target Audiences Outreach Strategy
20:00-21:00 •Communication Channels•Communication Tools
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Rules• ...
• ...
• ...
• ...
• ...
• ...
• ...
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•What do I expect to get from this training?
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•What will be my contribution to the training?
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•What are my concerns about the training?
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WHAT?External Communication-Public
Appearance
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WHY?• To be more
successful in our business
• To achieve our goals much easier
• To motivate• ...
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WHO?
•You •BSC Kragujevac
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WHEN?
Sep 29 – Oct 03 2008
17:00-21:00
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WHERE?
•University of Mechanical Engineering,
Kragujevac
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HOW?
•Discussion – Experience and knowledge exchange
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5W & H• WHAT?
• WHY?
• WHO?
• WHEN?
• WHERE?
• HOW?
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Think like journalists!
So…
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• Have you had public appearance, by far ?
• How did you feel?
• What was your biggest challenge?
• What do you find important to share with your colleagues?
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• I Listen I Forget
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• I Listen and• See I Remember
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• I Listen,• See and• Discuss
I Understand
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• I Listen,• See,• Discuss and• Create
I KNOW!!!
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Practice:• A volunteer needed to...
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•Comprehensive Understanding of Communication
Successful Public Appearance Pre-
condition
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Basic Human Need Communication
• Information sending and receiving
• Transfer and understanding of others’ thoughts, emotions and attitudes
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How do we communicate?
Reading16%
Writing9% Verbal
30%
Listening45%
(Angel, 2004)
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How do we absorb information?
• 83%
• 11%
• 3,5%
• 1,5%
• 1,5%
(Banjanin, 2003)
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Same like in every strategy development,in communications, also…
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Communications goals also should be...
• SSpecific • MMeasurable• AAchievable • RRelevant • TTime-bound
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What is Communication
•A message being sent from one person to another
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Good Communication
• Sent message should be:– Clear; emphasize substance (adjust
form and content to recipient)– Complete – Accurate– Timely
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• Empathy• Listening • Remove communications barriers• Use variety of communication
channels
Good Communication
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Good Communication• When receiving message, try to
avoid misunderstandings– Ask politely for repeating of key parts
or whole message in case you missed or did not understand something
– Repeat out loud the key parts of the message the way you understood it
– Direct attention to specific problem or suggest solution
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- Written- letters, faxes, e-mails, pisma, faks, e-mail,
newspapers, other written materials
- Oral- Speech – text, message content - Voice – voice color, ton, rhythm, intensity
Verbal Communication
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• Eye contact• Face expression – forehead, eyebrows,
mouth• Body language – moves, gestures, body
position, a way of walking• Dressing• Environment – space arrangement,
furniture layout, seating place…• Touch
Non-verbal Communication
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No designed solutions
Communication is in fact problem solving, meaning quest for best solution in given circumstances
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... And be responsible!
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Communication Strategy Development
• Audience identifying• Expecting change determining• Frequency of information• Internal flow of information• Partnership building and public
engagement
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Target Audiences Identifying
• Whose knowledge should be improved, and attitudes and behavior changed? (primary audience)
• Who will benefit, also? (secondary audience)• Are there some others who could influence
primary and secondary audience? (tertiary audience – partners and allies)
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Target Audience Working Sheet • Target audience:• ____________________________________________
• What do you want this audience to do? • __________________________________________________________
• What information they need to (be persuaded) to do that? • _____________________________ ________________________________• _____________________________ ________________________________• _____________________________ ________________________________
• Which media would you use How often you should provide information?
• to give the information to this group?• _____________________________ ________________________________• _____________________________ ________________________________• _____________________________ ________________________________• _____________________________ ________________________________• _____________________________ ________________________________
• How would you measure the effectiveness of your information? • _____________________________ ________________________________• _____________________________ ________________________________
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Communication Channels
•Which road should we take?
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• TV• Radio• Newspapers• Internet• Shopping Malls • Parks• Schools
• Libraries• Sport centers• Bus stations • Supermarkets• Restaurants• Cinemas• ...
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CommunicationTools
•Which vehicle should we use?
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• Conferences• TV shows• Radio shows• Public events• Meetings• Charity events• Open public
meetings
• Press releases• Brochures• Posters• Leaflets• Web site• Promo materials • Video
presentations• ...
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WELCOME! EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION
PUBLIC APPEARANCEDAY 2
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Day 2
17:00-18:00•Day 1 overview•Message
18:00-19:00 •Message development (group work)
19:00-19:20 •Break
19:20-20:00 •Substantiations (secondary message)
20:00-21:00 •Substantiations development (group work)
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•Audience•Message•Context•Possible
questions
Before Public Appearance
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Message
• Individual• Social• Economic
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SUBSTANTIATIONS (secondary message)
MESSAGE MESSAGE
SUBSTANTIATIONS
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SUBSTANTIATIONS
• Stats and figures
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Specific example• It is all about
people• Details rather than general
picture
SUBSTANTIATIONS
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Quotes
• Show you made good research
• Respected members of your community would support you
SUBSTANTIATIONS
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SUBSTANTIATIONS
• Personal experience – very persuasive impossible to deny
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SUBSTANTIATIONS
• From other people perspective – tell me how it affects me; what that means for me
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SUBSTANTIATIONS
• Analogy – make parallel with every day situation understandable to everyone
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WELCOME!EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION
PUBLIC APPEARANCEDAY 3
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Dan 3.
17:00-18:00•Day 2 overview•What is public appearance
18:00-19:00 •Good public appearance components
19:00-19:20 •Break
19:20-20:00 •Fear from public apearance
20:00-21:00 •Visuals
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Brainstorming
What is public appearance?
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Public Appearance
Speeches at different occasions Statements giving TV appearance Radio appearance Presentations Lectures Public hearings Lobbying at public occasions....
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PUBLIC APPEARANCE
Each time we turn specific intention or idea to a message and send it to others, a few or hundreds or
thousands we have public appearance
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PUBLIC APPEARANCE
Preparation, information collection, checking, measuring, intentions and main message testing
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Six phases of successful public
appearance• Define goals• Analyze audience• Appearance planning• Supporting materials selection• Materials adjusting• Rehearsing
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What is also important?• Preparation• Type of presentation• Body language• Interaction
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To check prior to appearance
• Venue• Equipment• Other
supporting tools
• Lightening• Sound• Materials• ...
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Be aware of prior to appearance:
• What is the purpose? • Who is the audience? • What are their expectations? • Key message?
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Who are you addressing to? Audience analysis -
structure
Audience structure:• Age• Sex• Education, knowledge about the topic• Profession• Social profile
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Who are you addressing to? Audience analysis - attitude
What is the audience attitude to the topic: •Friendly•Non-friendly•Neutral
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1. Informative2. Persuasive, inspiring,
motivating
Public appearance types
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Public Appearance
• Introduction• Content-Development• Conclusion
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Successful public appearance components
Introduction:Establishing contact with the audienceGetting the audience into the storyGiving the ton and color to presentationMaking the audience interestedBuilding the credibilityBuilding the trustTell – what are you going to tell
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Successful public appearance components
Ask yourself and answer on behalf of the audience:
Why this affects me?How am I connected with the topic?
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Successful public appearance components
Content-development: Develop your message Elaborate key ideas/messages Prove and show why you support them , one
by one Elaborate them in a user friendly manner-easy
for following and absorbing Support ideas by examples, stats, quotes… “Spice” them by anecdotes and humor (not to
much, just where appropriate)
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Successful public appearance components
ConclusionWrap-up Remind on most important argumentsQuoteCall for action (if this is a goal) Get back to main topic and make a
final point
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For every speech you ever had, add three more:
1. The one you were preparing2. The one you gave3. The one you wanted you had given
Dale Carnegie
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Important for public appearance
(along with the content)
• Appearance (hair style, look, clothes)• Attitude, gestures• Voice (ton, rhythm, intensity, diction)• Visuals (overhead projectors…)
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Adjusting to a place of public appearance
• TV or radio?• Open or closed area?• Siiting or standing?• How many people in the audience (will
they be standing or sitting)• Any other speakers beside you?• What is the type of public
appearance?
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Public Appearance Obstacles
Hands shaking…Breathing hard…Sweating…Cold hands…Hurrying…Dry mouth…Muscles tension…Laughing out of control…Eye contact avoiding…
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Fear from Public Appearance
- Individual work -
Think, and write down:All the things you do to fight the
fear prior to public appearance to make it easier
2 min
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Fear from Public Appearance
Results?
Some usual answers:• Sticking to written material• Reading, do not look around much• Trying to deliver presentation fast• Skipping parts of presentation• Comforting myself that end will come soon• Using many slides• Making fists below podium• Wearing lucky shirt, or similar
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Fear from Public Appearance
Get back to your list, think and write how all that help you, what do you
want to achieve with the listed?
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Fear from Public Appearance
Results?Some of usual answers:
• I will be done faster• I will avoid pauses and speech
interruptions• I will avoid contact with the audience• I will hide my fear
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Fear from Public Appearance
All of mentioned are resistance manifestations
Energy we spend to create resistance and wall and against the audience
make us more distant from the audience, increasing fear and lack of
confidence
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Be aware…
You are right if you think you are going to make it, and you are right if you
think you are going to failPublic appearance is a chance to prove yourself and you should enjoy in it and
constantly improve yourself
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Be aware…
Audience want you to succeed!
Nobody wants to feel uncomfortable, for you feel uncomfortable and not
doing well
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Be awareYou do not have to be perfect!
Only you know what you wanted to
say and how – audience will hear only things you really said
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Be aware
Audience is your mirror, and the audience sees its reflection in you!
How you see the audience is the same way the audience see you!
Be open, calm, friendly and the reaction will be the same.
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Visuals
• Easily readable • Short and simple• Support the content • Serves to be commented and not
to be read
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Using of visuals
• Supporting main message• On screen long enough to be read,
but not too long• Do not leave previous slide and
start to speak about new topic
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Flip chart • For writing during the training,
presentation, etc…• Could be prepared in advance
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Flip chart – proper usage
• Write down key words• Add what participants say• Different colors• Write in block letters, readable
and big enough• Underline important ideas
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Overhead Projector• Turn it off when not needed• Use uncover method
– Allow brief view to whole folia before covering and uncovering, unless you prepared surprise or you want encourage audience to think
• Do not stand before projector• Point on the screen• Face the audience at least 90% of the time• Write facts on folia
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Why to use Power Point?• One document
– Brochure like (more than one page can not be seen at the same time)
– Handouts – supporting material– Allow graphs, diagrams and photos usiage– Documentation
• Almost expected for certain ocassions
Sep 29 – Oct 03, 2008Kragujevac
WELCOME!EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION
PUBLIC APPEARANCEDAY 4
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Dan 4
17:00-18:00 •Day 3 overview•How to practice for public appearance
18:00-19:00•How to beat nervous•Color of voice, attitude
19:00-19:20 •Break
19:20-20:00 •Way of speaking•Eye contact
20:00-21:00 •Physical support•About media
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Public Appearance “Our judgment is not the same when we are satisfied and friendly
and when we are hurt and non-friendly.”
• It is the easiest when we are supported
• It is important what we speak, but how we speak is important, also
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More percentages...• 55% of impressions –body
language, attitude, gestures, eyes• 38% intonation• 7% message content
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Rehearsal prior to appearance?• Necessity even for the most
experienced• How many times/in what way?
– For the majority-magic number six– Everyone, including professional, two or
three times at least– If not sure was it enough, at least one
more time– If do not have enough time, just the
beginning and the end of presentation
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How to practice?• As it is your first appearance
– Use planned visuals– Speak while standing– Practice before people you trust– Ask for feedback– If you do not have audience imagine it– Measure time– If it is impossible to record it, practice
in front of the mirror– Experiment, change…– Take rest before appearance and eat
adequately
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Practice
• Practice proper sitting• Practice proper standing position• Control hands and gestures• Know your bad facial expressions and
avoid them • Train your voice
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How to beat nervousness?
• Everyone is unique-no universal solution
• Proper preparation-less nervousness
• Adjust to circumstances• Analyze audience additionaly• Practice breathing “from the
stomach””
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How to beat nervousness?
•Be positive•Move•Rest prior to appearance•Artificial stimulus does not
help•Do not change your personality
prior to appearance
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Voice ton, color, intonation...
• Not just what, but how, too:– Dull speech makes audience asleep– Show that you care– Be energetic– Change pace and intonation– Make effective pauses– Practicing breathing “from the stomach”
make voice much more pleasant for listening
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Way of Speaking• Unlike common opinion:
– It is better fast and energeticaly than slow and methodically – averagely, a speaker say 130-160 words per minute, while brain could absorb four times more
– Fast speak brings trust and credibility
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Way of Speaking• Speak naturally• Beware of dullness• Change voice intensity, pace and
rhythm• Make pauses• Include questions in your
presentation, even rhetoric ones
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When you Speak• Address problem • Speak in pictures• Do not overuse quotes• Simpler the better• Try to incorporate humor
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“Dry Mouth”• Warm, sugar free tea before
appearance• Breathing “from the stomach”• Avoid coffee, sweets and sweet
drinks• If possible, during presentation
have a glass of water with you
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State of Mind• Avoid stress• Do not drink and eat shortly before
appearance• Arrive to the venue early enough:- Check the venue- Check PA system, lightening, layout,
chairs, supporting items- Meet organizers and other responsible
persons
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“Physical” Support• “Body Language” contributes your
presentation and help you to:– Better communicate with the
audience– audience listen with eyes, too
– Fight nervousness
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Attitude
• Upright with shoulders back• Do not lean on the podium• Do not have your hands in the pocket,
on your hips, or crossed on your chest• Do not point a finger or a pencil in the
audience• Use your hands• Relax, smile, be pleasant, but do not
patronize the audience
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Clothes deliver a message, too
• Adjust to circumstances• Be elegant-show respect towards
the audience• Do not be extravagant and “too
original”• Do not be “too colorful” • Wear comfortable suit
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Eye Contact• Frequency of eye contact with the audience is
directly connected with the trust you gain• Speakers who averagely look their audience
into the eyes for 63,4% of the time is being found very honest, while the one who do that just for 20,8% listeners find non sincere
• Pay attention to your audience with your eyes as much as possible
(John Wills study)
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Presentation Methods• Impromptu – without preparation• By heart• Extempore – with notes• Written speech
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Use of Media
Watch others and learn from their successes and
failures!
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What is media?
Media is any format used for information transfer
Mass media, marks those types of media
able to reach many people at the same time
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How to understand different medias to use them better?
Media “literacy” – capability of:- Receiving- Analyzing and - Critically judge information
presented through different forms (TV, press, radio, internet…)
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Understanding and Usage
• Credibility estimate of information, its source and message
• Facts, arguments and emotions distinction
• Sensitivity to verbal and visual stimulus• Objective thinking approach for
information accuracy from different sources estimate
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WELCOME! EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION
PUBLIC APPEARANCEDAY 5
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Welcome to TVType of show and appearance
• What kind of a show is it (recorded, live, contact..• Only you and show host, or…• Presenting the same idea (campaign, motivation)
or debate• Make a deal or find out what is expected form
you and what is the basic content of the show• What is the duration of the show• Will there be direct contact with the spectators
over the phone, or their questions will be written down…
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Welcome to TV!Appearance, position, technique
• How far will you be seen?• Will you have a table in front of you,
what is the type of chair?• Microphone type?• Background color?• What is not to be worn on TV! (stripes,
blue on blue chrome-key screen…)
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Welcome to TV!
Chrome-key usage (blue and green) – why should you care?
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Welcome to TV!
Are there many reflectors in the studio?
Air-conditioning?
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Welcome to TV!
Hair Style – Hair always looks less clean on the TV!
Face – never refuse TV make-up!
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Welcome to TV!Suit-size, unbuttoned, or not…Shirt-men, use “magic” blue oneAll – one-colored fabrics, without
reflection possibility and to many accessories
Jewelry, hardly noticeable and “quite”
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More about TVWhere should
I look?!
To the host and “your” camera, occasionally!
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More about TVGestures-moderate
Speech – clear, balanced-sound editor could help
Do not go over the microphone with a hand or tap on the table
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A bit more about TV
Best preparation: Check how the
show you are about to participate in looks like.
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Wherever you participateShow good manners and be calm:Do not correct your host directly-state
true facts during your speechShow patience and understandingBe precise when answeringRepeat using synonyms, remindThanks for the invitation to the showDo not show if you are irritated If you do not know the answer, promise
that you will get one and do that
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RADIO Like for TV
• What is the type of the show (recorded, live, contact)
• Just you and host, or…• Presenting the same idea (campaign,
motivation) or debate• Make a deal or find out what is expected form
you and what is the basic content of the show• What is the duration of the show• Will there be direct contact with the spectators
over the phone, or their questions will be written down…
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Radio
Your voice, ton, dynamics and diction are your main “weapon” in addition to what you should say.
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Radio Make a reminder Listen questions carefully Write down answers if needed Mentioned the name of the host form
time to time Buy time with “Very interesting
question”, “Thank you for asking that”
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RadioSeat comfortably, but not to
relaxedFind the proper distance from the
microphone, but be aware that your point of focus is your host
Do not hurry, but be enthusiastic and friendly
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TV and Radio
• The Host-thinks and takes responsibility for the content, dynamics (what question, when…) keeping audience attention
• You – follow, accent, remind, add... • Your attitude – self-confident, honest
and open!
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Public Appearance Preparation
• (Group Work )
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