golden nuggets: a practical guide for the beginning teacher of students who are deaf/ hard of...

7/30/2019 Golden Nuggets: A Practical Guide for the Beginning Teacher of Students Who Are Deaf/ Hard of Hearing- Join Tog…

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KK. Il`ltgc Hlgj Lh|egxkn` W|luxknùDlkì Enookxxlh xn EbkchtlÌlxxkì UxgtxlhXbl Kovntxg`x Xbkìu xn Yntt{ Gdn|x k` xbl Jktux Ylla

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ZKKK. Enoo|`kegxkn` Kuu|luXbl Enebclgt Kovcg`xlh Ux|hl`xJkìlt UvlcckìUvlleb K`xlcckikdkckx{Dlik``kì g Uvlleb Uluukn`

KR. Hlzlcnvkì Xbkàkì Uakccu

Kovtnzkì Xbkàkì UakccuHn Hlgj Vlnvcl Xbkà Ckal Blgtkì Vlnvcl>Ikzkì Ux|hl`xu Tlgunù xn Clgt`

R. Vgtl`x TlcgxknùbkvuXbl @llh jnt Vgtl`xgc K`znczlol xOnxkzgxkì Blgtkì Vgtl`xu xn Clgt` Og`|gc Enoo|`kegxkn`

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55



G ylcc/a`ny` vtnjluunt nj lh|egxkn` gx Dnuxn` \`kzltukx{ nèl hlekhlh bl yn|ch k`zkxl dgea unol nj bku

tlel`x itgh|gxlu jtno xbl xlgeblt lh|egxkn` vtnitgo xn jk`h n|x bny xbl{ yltl u|eellhkì k` xblkt jktux yllaugu j|cc/xkol xlgebltu. Gu xbl{ ugx gtn|`h g cgtil xgdcl# bl gualh# –Ylcc# bny gtl xbkìu inkì jnt {n| gcc>‟ G{n|ì ynog` xn bku cljx d|tux k`xn xlgtu g`h ugkh gee|ukìc{# –[n| CKLH xn |u'‟ Ubnealh# bl gualh# –Ybgx hn{n| olg`>‟ Ubl tlvcklh# –[n| `lzlt ygt`lh |u xbgx xlgebkì j|cc/xkol yn|ch dl un xlttkdc{ xn|ib'‟ Xbku xt|lg`lehnxl ulx bko xn xbkàkì egtlj|cc{‘ybl` xlgeblt lh|egxkn` eg`hkhgxlu itgh|gxl# xbl{ gtl `nx d{ g`{ olgù–vnckublh‟ xlgebltu1 xbl{ gtl n`c{ dlik``kì k` g vtnjluukn` ybltl ckjlcnì clgt`kì enùxg`xc{ ghhu xn n`l‛ulrvltxkul.

Xbku kèkhl`x |`hltck`lu xbl `llh xn tleni`k}l xbgx `ly xlgebltu bgzl uvlekgc `llhu‘jnt g u|vvntx u{uxlo# jntg ol`xnt# g`h jnt g ulx nj u|iiluxknù jtno lrvltklèlh lh|egxntu xbgx eg` blcv xblo ilx nzlt xbl unolxkolub|il b|ov nj xbgx jktux {lgt nj j|cc/xkol ynta ykxb ux|hl`xu. Ybkcl xbku i|khl eg``nx ultzl gu lkxblt g ol`xnt ntg xt|l u|vvntx u{uxlo# kx ku `n`lxblcluu k`xl`hlh xn dl g tlun|tel xbgx `ly xlgebltu "g`h ux|hl`x xlgebltu+ eg` |ul

jnt tljltlèl ybl` xbl{ lèn|`xlt kuu|lu nt ukovc{ yg`x xn tlgh gdn|x og`{ xbkìu xbgx gtl vnuukdcl.

Yl hlzlcnvlh xbku i|khl xbtn|ib yllac{ w|luxkn`/g`h/gùylt tluvnùlu xn `ly xlgebltu nj ux|hl`xu ybn gtlhlgj g`h bgth nj blgtkì. Xbl `ly xlgebltu u|dokxxlh xblkt w|ltklu xn |u zkg xbl d|cclxk` dngth gx yyy.hlgjlh.`lx1 gùyltu gtl ytkxxl` jtno xbl zklyvnk`x nj xbl tluvn`hkì lh|egxnt. N|t k`xl`xkn` ygu xn vtnzkhl dnxbil`ltgc g`h uvlekjke i|khgèl xn xbl dlik``lt# xn hlonùxtgxl xbgx n`l `llh `nx gcyg{u tl/k`zl`x xbl ybllc.

Ou. Ubg``n` Itgbgo# ybn xlgeblu gx Ygubkìxn` Uxgxl Uebnnc jnt xbl Hlgj# bgu vtnzkhlh zgc|gdcl kùkibxuxbtn|ib blt tluvnùlu xn g `|odlt nj xbl w|ltklu k` xbku znc|ol. Yl gcun nyl g hldx nj itgxkx|hl xn Ht.Agxbltk`l Ndl`bg|u nj Ecgta En|`x{ Uebnncu k` @lzghg# Ht. @gèk Uebllx} nj Zgchnuxg Uxgxl \`kzltukx{# g`hTkebgth Al`hgcc nj xbl Ogtcxn` Uebnnc k` Egckjnt`kg jnt xblkt bkibc{ |ulj|c tlenool`hgxknù jnt kovtnzlol`x njxbl xlrx. Cguxc{# d|x hljk`kxlc{ `nx clgux# yl yn|ch ckal xn lrvtluu itlgx gvvtlekgxkn` xn Ou. Okeblccl Bnzltuxl`

nj Al`x Uxgxl \`kzltukx{ jnt zgc|gdcl ynta k` xbl egtlj|c lhkxkì g`h jntogxxkì nj xbku I|khl.

Yl xt|c{ bnvl xbku I|khl eg` dl g |ulj|c tlun|tel jnt xbnul ybn gtl m|ux dlik``kì k` xbku lrekxkì vtnjluukn`.Ybkcl xbl ogmntkx{ nj xbl u|iiluxknù k` xbku I|khl tlcgxl hktlexc{ xn enoo|`kegxkn` ukx|gxknù ybltl GoltkegÙki` Cgì|gil og{ dl xbl vtkogt{ onhl# xbl dnna `n`lxblcluu ku k`xl`hlh xn dl |ulj|c jnt g`{ enoo|`kegxknùkx|gxkn` k` xbl lh|egxkn` nj ux|hl`xu ybn gtl hlgj nt bgth nj blgtkì. Xbl u|iiluxknù og{ dl lgukc{ ghgvxlh xnnxblt enoo|`kegxkn` ulxxkìu. Yl ylcenol {n|t u|iiluxknù# khlgu# g`h ghhkxkn`gc xnvkeu un xbgx xbku ykcc dl gblcvj|c hne|ol`x jnt gcc dlik``kì xlgebltu# tligthcluu nj xblkt lh|egxkn`gc ulxxkì nt enoo|`kegxkn` onhgckx{.Ul`h {n|t enool`xu xn xbl Mnk` Xnilxblt Vtnmlex njjkel "egxgc{uxFal`x.lh|+ g`h xbl{ ykcc dl jntygthlh xn xbllhkxntu.

Gcc xbl dlux xn {n|'

@nxl= W|luxknù g`h tluvnùlu gtl `nx vtlul xlh k` xblkt ntkik gcc{ u|dokxxlh jnto. Xlrx bgu dll`lhkxlh jnt ecgtkx{ g`h xn tlonzl khl`xkj{kì k`jntogxkn`.

d{ Zkzkg` Uokxb g`h Hgzkh U. Ogtxk`

7



Vtnitgo# Hlitllu# Ckelù|tlu# g`h Mndu

K go lrxtlolc{ k`xltluxlh k` inkì k`xn hlgj lh|egxkn`. K bgh unol w|luxknù dljntl K ilx uxgtxlh n` o{ hlitll…

7. Bny bgth ku xbku jklch xn ilx k`xn> Gtl mndu tlghkc{ gzgkcgdcl jnt xbl onux vgtx nt bgth xn jk h>4. K` enovgtkun` xn g tli|cgt lh|egxkn` hlitll# hnlu g uvlekgchlgj lh|egxkn` hlitll xgal cnìlt nt hnlu ku m|ux tlw|ktl ontl

uvlekgck}lh en|tulu>5. Ku xbltl g vlt/uxgxl hlgj lh|egxkn` ckelùl# nt ykcc K tlelkzl g il`ltgc lh|egxkn` ckel ul ybl` K enovclxl o{ hlitll> K gua

dleg|ul og`{ mnd vnuxkìu ol`xkn` uxgxl uvlekjke ckelùlu.8. Bny kovntxg`x ku kx xn ilx g hlitll jtno g ELH l hntulh vtnitgo><. Ku xbltl g`{xbkì K eg` hn `ny xn vtlvgtl jnt ilxxk i o{ hlitll g`h ilxxkì g innh mnd>

Gùylt

7. Xbl jklch nj hlgj lh|egxkn` ku nx hkjjke|cx xn l`xlt kj n`l bgu j|cc vtlvgtgxkn` g`h g hlitll k xbl jklch1 gOguxlt‛u hlitll ku bkibc{ tlenool`hlh. Xbltl gtl# kx ullou# gcyg{u vnukxknù gzgkcgdcl kj n`l ku ykcckì xndl ilnitgvbkegcc{ jclrkdcl.

4. G tli|cgt lh|egxkn` hlitll ku g` kovntxg`x jn|`hgxkn`1 |u|gcc{ hlgj lh|egxkn` ku k` ghhkxkn` xn xbgx.Unol vlnvcl ogmnt k` tli|cgt lh|egxkn` gu g` |`hltitgh|gxl g`h xbl` hlgj lh. gu g oguxlt‛u ux|hl`x.Nxbltu ybn bgzl gctlgh{ itgh|gxlh k` unol nxblt jklch gx xbl D.G. clzlc xgal g` lrvg`hlh O.G. hlitllxbgx kèc|hlu unol tli|cgt lh|egxkn` gcun. [n| en|ch k`w|ktl nj ulzltgc hkjjltl`x |`kzltukxklu xn ull xblnvxknù "eblea luvlekgcc{ Igccg|hlx \`kzltukx{# HE1 Egckjnt`kg Uxgxl \`kzltukx{ gx @ntxbtkhil1 g`h@gxkn`gc Xleb`kegc Kùxkx|xl jnt xbl Hlgj―Tnebluxlt# @[+.

5. Lgeb uxgxl gygthu kxu ny` hlgj lh. ckel ul1 {n| yn|ch vtndgdc{ `llh xn w|gckj{ jnt dnxb g tli|cgt lh. g`hg hlgj lh. ckelùl. Unol uxgxlu tlw|ktl n`c{ g vgtxkgc tli|cgt lh. ckelùl g`h g j|cc hlgj lh. ckelùl1 nxbltutlw|ktl xbl j|cc ckelùl k` dnxb jklchu. E|ttl`xc{ yl ull g` lovbguku n` bgzkì hlgj ux|hl`xu geeluu xbl

j|cc tli|cgt e|ttke|c|o. Og`{ zgtklxklu nj ckelùlu gtl njjltlh getnuu xbl \`kxlh Uxgxlu# d|x onux hlgj lh.vtnitgou vtlvgtl ux|hl`xu xn ugxkuj{ onux uxgxlu‛ tlw|ktlol`xu. \u|gcc{ ybl` {n| itgh|gxl jtno g hlgjlh. vtnitgo k` n`l uxgxl# {n| w|gckj{ jnt ckelù|tl dleg|ul xbgx uxgxl u|vltzkulu xbgx |`kzltukx{1 bnylzlt#og`{ uxgxlu bgzl ybgx ku a`ny` gu –tlekvtnekx{‛ k` ybkeb xbl{ tleni`k}l nxblt uxgxlu‛ w|gckjkegxknù.Ybl` tlekvtnekx{ ku tleni`k}lh# bnylzlt# xbl uxgxl itg`xkì xbl ckelù|tl |u|gcc{ tlw|ktlu xbl eg`hkhgxlxn xgal XBLKT uxgxl xlgeblt xlux"u+# g`h OKIBX tlw|ktl xbl enovclxkn` nj n`l nt xyn ghhkxkn`gc en|tulu.

8. G ELH/l hntulh vtnitgo ku g zlt{ innh khlg dleg|ul xbnul gtl `gxkn`gc uxg`hgthu. Uxgxl ckel u|tl njjkelugtl ontl k`xltluxlh k` yblxblt g |`kzltukx{ ugxkujklu xblkt uxgxl uxg`hgthu# ulvgtgxl jtno ELH. Il`ltgcc{#xbn|ib# kj g |`kzltukx{ vtnitgo ku ELH/l`hntulh kx ykcc gcun ugxkuj{ uxgxl uxg`hgthu. J|txbltontl# d{itgh|gxkì jtno g ELH―l`hntulh g`h uxgxl/gvvtnzlh vtnitgo# n`l eg` gvvc{ jnt g mnd g`{ybltl ukèlunol uebnncu yg`x itgh|gxlu nj g ELH/l`hntulh vtnitgo g`h nxbltu yg`x itgh|gxlu nj g uxgxl/gvvtnzlhvtnitgo. [n| eg` yk` dnxb yg{u d{ dlkì k` g ELH/l`hntulh vtnitgo.

<. Yl u|iilux {n| hn xyn xbkìu `ny= "g+ ull kj {n| eg` znc|`xllt k` g hlgj lh. ecguutnno jnt g jly bn|tu#xn ikzl {n| kùkibx k`xn hlgj ebkchtl` g`h ybgx kx olgù‘xbku ykcc blcv xn lù|tl {n| gtl ogakì g innhhlekukn`1 "d+ dlik` xgakì uki` cgì|gil en|tulu `ny un xbgx ybl` {n| l`xlt g hlgj lh. vtnitgo {n| ykccgctlgh{ dl g` k`xltolhkgxl/uakcclh uki`lt‘onux vtnitgou `ny tlw|ktl g vltun` dl g` ghzgèlh uki`lt d{xbl xkol xbl{ l`xlt xbl jk`gc k`xltùbkv lrvltklèl.

4



\ukì g Vntxjnckn

K go vtlvgtkì g vtnjluukn`gc vntxjnckn g`h K yn`hlt kj xbltl ku g eltxgk` jntogx xbgx ku tlenool`hlh yl jnccny xn hluki`xblo. Gtl xbltl uxg`hgthu yl gtl tlw|ktlh xn ollx# g`h hnlu lgeb uxgxl tlw|ktl g hkjjltl`x vntxjnckn ulx|v> Jnt lrgovcl# kj K a`ly ybkeb uxgxl K yg`xlh xn ynta k`# yn|ch K bgzl xn egxlt o{ vntxjnckn xn xbgx uxgxl)u ulx/|v>

Gùylt

K yn|ch ghzkul xbgx {n| en`xgex g`{ uxgxl k` ybkeb {n| og{ dl gvvc{kì jnt g mnd xn jk`h n|x ybgx xbl{tlw|ktl# kj g`{xbkì. Kj {n|)tl `nx u|tl# xbl` ntig`k}kì g vntxjnckn gtn|`h xbl K`xltuxgxl @ly XlgebltGuuluuol`x g`h U|vvntx Enùntxk|o "K@XGUE+ Uxg`hgthu "gzgkcgdcl zkg yyy.eeuun.nti+ ku gcyg{u g innhkhlg# dleg|ul xbgx ku g ulx nj uxg`hgthu ubgtlh d{ og`{ uxgxlu. Il`ltgcc{ xbl etkxkegcc{ kovntxg`x enovn`l xunj g`{ xlgebkì vntxjnckn kèc|hl xbl jnccnykì= g tlu|ol1 g uxgxlol`x nj {n|t vbkcnunvb{ nj lh|egxkn`1 g ulcj/

tljclexkn`1 n`l nt xyn hlxgkclh cluun` vcgù xbgx kèc|hl g` k`xtnh|exkn` g`h g tljclexkn` n` {n|t vgtx gu xnbny ylcc xbl cluunù u|eellhlh g`h yb{1 g egul ux|h{ nj n`l k`xltluxkì ux|hl`x1 g uxgxlol`x nj bny {n| |ulhxleb`ncni{ k` {n|t xlgebkì1 xyn hkjjltl`x guuluuol`xu {n| hlzlcnvlh g`h xbl geenovg`{kì ux|hl`x tlu|cxu1g`h u|vvclol`xgc ogxltkgcu u|eb gu ecguutnno gtxkjgexu# vbnxnitgvbu nj xbl ecguutnno# lreltvxu jtno {n|ttljclexkzl mn|t`gc alvx h|tkì ux|hl`x xlgebkì# clxxltu nj tlenool`hgxkn`# g`h {n|t xtgùetkvx.

K`xltzklykì jnt g Mnd

K)o zlt{ k`xltluxlh k` xbl ntgc hlgj gvvtngeb "g|hkxnt{ xtgk`kì/clgt`kì xn |ul xblkt blgtkì# cgì|gil# uvlleb# enebclgt kovcg`xu# lxe+. Ybgx gtl innh w|luxknù xn gua ybl` K in jnt k`xltzklyu> Gtl xbltl g`{ vtnjluukn`gc ntig`k}gxknù K eg` mnk`>Hn {n| a`ny nj g`{ yldukxlu xbgx njjlt k`jntogxkn` ykxb tligthu xn xbl ntgc gvvtngeb>

Gùylt

Xbl Gclrg`hlt Itgbgo Dlcc Guunekgxkn` jnt xbl Hlgj g`h Bgth nj Blgtkì "GI Dlcc+ u|vvntxu xbl ntgcvbkcnunvb{. [n| ykcc jk`h o|eb k`jntogxkn` gx xblkt yldukxl# yyy.gidlcc.nti.

H|tkì g mnd k`xltzkly# {n| okibx dl gualh ybgx vtnjluukn`gc ogig}k`lu {n| tlgh. Xbl Zncxg Tlzkly#gzgkcgdcl xbtn|ib GI Dlcc# ku g uebncgtc{ tlulgteb g`h uekl`xkjke mn|t`gc.

W|luxknù {n| okibx ykub xn vnul h|tkì {n|t k`xltzkly kèc|hl=

7. Ku g`{ uki`k i vltokxxlh gx xbl uebnnc> ilux|tlu>4. Ybgx vltel x nj xbl ux|hl`x dnh{ bgu enebclgt kovcg`xu>5. Ybgx nvvntx|`kxklu yn|ch {n| bgzl xn gxxl`h yntaubnvu> "Xbku ubnyu {n|t k`xltlux k` vtnjluukn`gc

itnyxb.+8. Ykcc {n| bgzl g ol xnt gx {n|t ly mnd>

G`nxblt vtnjluukn`gc ntig`k}gxkn` "k` ghhkxkn` xn GI Dlcc+ jnt {n| xn mnk` yn|ch dl xbl En|èkc nj Goltkeg`Kùxt|exntu nj xbl Hlgj# nt EGKH "yyy.egkh.nti+# jnt encclikgc k`jntogxkn` jtno xlgebltu nj xbl hlgj. Xbkuntig`k}gxkn` lènovguulu gcc xlgebltu ybn xlgeb ux|hl`xu ybn gtl hlgj g`h bgth nj blgtkì# yblxblt xbl{ |uluki` cgì|gil nt xbl ntgc olxbnh.

5



Ilxxkì g Mnd

K go e|ttl`xc{ ux|hl`x xlgebkì k` g Dk/Dk vtnitgo xn blcv enovclxl o{ |`hltitgh|gxl hlitll k` Hlgj Lh|egxkn`. O{ ennv/ltgxkì xlgeblt bgu k`jntolh ol xbl uebnnc og{ dl cnnakì k`xn ilxxkì g`nxblt xlgeblt gx xbl lclol`xgt{ clzlc jnt xbl |venokì{lgt. Ykxb ol dlkì g ux|hl`x xlgeblt xbltl# yn|ch K bgzl g dlxxlt ebgèl nj ilxxkì xbl mnd k` enovgtkun` xnnxbltu>

Gùylt

Yl yn|ch u|iilux {n|t ebgèlu gtl g dkx dlxxlt xbg` nxbltu ukovc{ dleg|ul {n| tlvtlul`x g a`ny` w|g`xkx{k` xbl l{lu nj xbl uebnnc. K` jgex# g `|odlt nj vlnvcl ilx xblkt jktux vnukxknù k` lrgexc{ xbgx yg{. Yl yn|chghzkul {n| xn xgal ghzg`xgil nj xbku vnuukdkckx{= hn g itlgx mnd nj ux|hl`x xlgebkì# jk`h hlxgkcu gdn|x xblgvvckegxkn` vtneluu# g`h hljk`kxlc{ u|dokx {n|t `gol g`h tlu|ol kj kx ullou xbku uebnnc yn|ch dl nj k`xltlux

xn [N\. [n| bgzl g` ghzg`xgil dleg|ul {n| a`ny xbl uebnnc o|eb dlxxlt xbg` g` n|xukhl gvvckeg`x. \ul{n|t ennvltgxkì xlgeblt g`h |`kzltukx{ u|vltzkunt jnt hlxgkclh ghzkel n` xbl vtneluu. Innh c|ea.

J|txblt Tlun|telu

Ybltl okibx K jk`h ghhkxkn`gc tlun|telu>

Gùylt

Xn blcv {n| j|txblt gu {n| dlik` {n|t egtllt# tlun|telu gtl gzgkcgdcl xbtn|ib ulzltgc vtnjluukn`gc ntig`k}g/xknù g`h kùxkx|xknù. Unol lrgovclu yn|ch dl xbl En|èkc n` Lh|egxkn` nj xbl Hlgj "ELH+# xbl En|èkc njGoltkeg` Kùxt|exntu nj xbl Hlgj "EGKH+# xbl En`jltlèl nj Lh|egxkn`gc Ghok`kuxtgxntu nj Uebnncu g`hVtnitgou jnt xbl Hlgj "ELGUH+# Igccg|hlx \`kzltukx{# g`h xbl @gxkn`gc Gil`hg jnt Hlgj Clgt`ltu "ull xbl@gxkn`gc Guunekgxkn` jnt xbl Hlgj Q@GH_+. Lgeb nj xblul ntig`k}gxknù bgu yldukxlu g`h g``n|èlol`xu njvtk`xlh v|dckegxknù xbgx gtl lkxblt jtll nt nj tlgun`gdcl enux. Dl u|tl gcun xn dlenol jgokckgt ykxb# g`h tli|/cgtc{ tlgh# xbl vtnjluukn`gc mn|t`gcu nj xbl jklch‘xbl Goltkeg` G``gcu nj xbl Hlgj g`h xbl Mn|t`gc nj HlgjUx|hklu g`h Hlgj Lh|egxkn`.

8



Dlkì Enookxxlh xn Ebkchtl`

Bny kovntxg`x ku g xlgeblt‛u enookxol`x xn ebkchtl`>

Ilxxkì Uxgtxlh

Bny eg` K vtlvgtl jnt o{ jktux hg{ nj xlgebkì ux|hl`xu ybn gtl hlgj g`h bgth nj blgtkì>

Gùylt

Yl yn|ch tlenool`h ulzl` hkjjltl`x vnk`xu n` xbku kovntxg`x w|luxkn`=

7. Xt{ xn jk`h g ol xnt xlgeblt xn ikzl {n| ghzkel# xn tlok`h {n| nj ollxkìu# g`h xn ikzl {n| jllhdgea.4. Clx ux|hl`xu a`ny {n| egtl g`h k`znczl xblo k` ecguutnno gexkzkxklu. Gcun# enoo|`kegxl xbgx {n| gtl

xbltl jnt xbl ebkchtl`# g`h ubny vgxklèl ykxb xblo.

5. Dl ntig`k}lh///bgzl {n|t tnno ulx |v# hluau g`h dnnau g`h "kj lclol xgt{/clzlc+ e|ddklu guuki`lh# vcgeluxn v|x u|vvcklu# lxe. Xbl jktux hg{ ulxu xbl xn`l jnt xbl tlux nj xbl {lgt. Yl jk`h xbgx xkol ku ylcc uvl`x xbljktux hg{ hkue|uukì ykxb xbl ebkchtl` xbl luxgdckubol`x nj t|clu# tlygthu# g`h enùlw|lèlu# ykxb k`v|xjtno xblo# g`h xbl` vnuxkì xblo n` xbl ygcc. Yl gcun tlenool`h {n| uvl`h xkol ilxxkì xn a`ny xblux|hl`xu) ckalu# hkuckalu# g`h gdkckxklu xbtn|ib zgtkn|u gexkzkxklu. Clx lgeb ebkch xlcc gdn|x bltulcj nt bkoulcjxbtn|ib g d|cclxk` dngth ykxb vkex|tlu. Gcun# ikzl g vtnjkcl nj {n|tulcj# ykxb {n|t `gol uki` g`h vbnxn.Lrvcgk` xbl nzltgcc ndmlexkzlu nj xbl {lgt jnt lgeb u|dmlex.

8. Ilx ux|hl xu enojntxgdcl ykxb xblkt u|ttn|`hkìu1 dl u|tl nx xn $ikzl k $ n` ebgcclìlu xn {n|t en`xtnc//k` xbku yg{ {n| luxgdckub xbl xn`l jnt xbl {lgt. Jnt bnolynta# ul`h j|` ynth v|}}clu un {n| eg` ig|ilybltl ux|hl`xu gtl geghlokegcc{. Xlgeb unekgc en|txluklu "vclgul# xbgà {n|# lxe.+. Ikzl n`l ux|hl`xlzlt{ hg{# d{ x|tù# hkjjltl`x tluvnùkdkckxklu//ckal vguukì n|x eg`h{# jnt lrgovcl.

Gùylt

G enookxol`x xn ebkchtl` ku g` luul`xkgc ebgtgexltkuxke jnt `ly# gu ylcc gu lrvltklèlh# xlgebltu‘xbtn|ib gulùl nj enookxol`x xbl{ EG@ ogal g hkjjltlèl k` ebkchtl`‛u ckzlu. Unolxkolu xblkt cnzl o|ux dl –xn|ib‟cnzl ybkcl gcun tleni`k}kì xbl hkjjltl`x x{vlu nj u|vvntx g`h egtkì xbgx lgeb k`hkzkh|gc ux|hl`x tlw|ktlu.

Unolxkolu# geenthkì xn n`l `ly xlgeblt# kx ku kovntxg`x xn –clx in‟ g`h @NX blcv xbl ebkch k` lzlt{ ukìclyg{‘ux|hl`xu |cxkogxlc{ bgzl xn gvvc{ ybgx xbl{ bgzl clgt`lh un xbl{ og{ –ny`‟ xblkt u|eeluulu. Jnt lrgo/vcl# Mnb`- bgh tlvlgxlh bku ak`hltigtxl` {lgt g`h ygu n`l nj xbl geghlokegcc{ cnylux ux|hl`xu k` xbl ecguu.Bl hkh `nx yg`x xn xt{ g`{xbkì n` bku ny` g`h ullolh blcvcluu. Kùxlgh nj en`xk`|gcc{ t|ubkì xn blcv bko#

bku xlgeblt tlgck}lh bl en|ch hn xbkìu n` bku ny` g`h ygu tlgcc{ n`c{ etgzkì xbl lrxtg gxxl`xkn`1 ubl hlekhlhxn ull ybgx Mnb` en|ch hn gcn`l. Xbl xlgeblt enoo|`kegxlh xn Mnb` ubl xbn|ibx bl EN\CH hn xbl ynta# d|xkj bl xtklh g`h xbl` uxkcc `llhlh blcv ubl yn|ch dl icgh xn guukux. Unn` bl ygu d|u{ gx bku hlua g`h l`xb|ukgu/xkegcc{ tgkukì bku bg`h# ubn|xkì ykxb vtkhl# –K‛o hn`l ykxb o{ ynta `ny'‟ Xbl xlgeblt gcun clx Mnb`‛uonxblt a`ny xbgx bl ygu hnkì o|eb dlxxlt g`h vltbgvu ubl ubn|ch tlh|el blt ny` hlvl`hlè{/vtnh|ekìdlbgzknt.

Gvvc{kì –xn|ib cnzl‟ ku `nx gcyg{u lgu{‘`ly xlgebltu `llh xn clgt` xbgx unolxkolu xlgebltu blcv xblonux ybl` xbl{ v|x xblkt xt|ux k` ux|hl`xu‛ blcvkì xbloulczlu.

-@nx ux|hl`x‛u tlgc `gol.

<



Ilxxkì Uxgtxlh "en`xk`|lh+

<. Tlolodlt xbgx ux|hl xu ybn gtl hlgj nt bgth nj blgtkì gtl k` onux yg{u m|ux ckal blgtkì ux|hl`xu1ux|hl`xu bgzl zgt{kì hlitllu nj ebgcclìlu. M|ux dleg|ul g ux|hl`x ku hlgj hnlu `nx `leluugtkc{ olgùbl nt bl g|xnogxkegcc{ bgu ghhkxkn`gc ebgcclìlu.

:. Gdnzl gcc# kx ku tlgcc{ kovntxg`x xn |ul g ol`xnt jnt il`ltgc g`h uvlekjke blcv. [n|t ol`xnt `llhu xn dljc|l`x k` GUC# Hlgj/jtkl`hc{# g`h ulùkxkzl xn hlgj e|cx|tgc kuu|lu.

9. [n| `llh xn ogal u|tl {n|t ecguutnno ku Hlgj/jtkl`hc{ k` xbl ul ul nj bgzkì g zku|gc l`zktnòl`x ykxbog`{ uxko|cgxkì gexkzkxklu g`h g enoo|`kegxkn` u{uxlo ybkeb gccnyu lzlt{n`l xn enoo|`kegxl ykxblgeb nxblt lgukc{ g`h xn ull ybgx lzlt{n`l lcul ku enoo|`kegxkì.

:

Xbl Kovntxg`x Xbkìu xn Yntt{ Gdn|x k` xbl Jktux Ylla

Ybgx yn|ch dl xbl ogk` xbkìu K ubn|ch yntt{ gdn|x k` o{ jktux ylla nj o{ jktux xlgebkì mnd>

Gùylt

Xbl kovntxg`x xbkìu gtl xn –u|tzkzl‟ xbl jktux jly yllau. Yl yn|ch u|iilux xbl jnccnykì=

7. Ogal u|tl {n| a`ny xbl uebnnc‛u vnckeklu n` gxxl`hgèl g`h hkuekvck`l.4. Xt{ xn khl`xkj{ g` lrvltklèlh xlgeblt ybn en|ch dlenol g` k`jntogc –ol`xnt‟ jnt {n| gu w|luxknù gtkul.5. Jk`h xbl un|tel nj uebnnc u|vvcklu un {n| eg` htgy n` kx gu `llhlh.8. Ilx xbl dgeaitn|`h k`jntogxkn` nj {n|t ux|hl`xu un {n| a ny xblkt KLV‛u g`h nxblt lrvlexgxknù.<. Hn g il ltgc vcg` jnt xbl jktux on`xb g`h g uvlekjke vcg` jnt xbl jktux ylla# |ukì unol bkib/k`xltlux cluun`

vcgù xbgx yntalh ylcc jnt {n| k` ux|hl`x/xlgebkì.:. Vcg` xn hn unol hkgi nuxke guuluuol`x nj {n|t ux|hl`xu xn jk h n|x ybltl xbl{ gtl e|ttl`xc{ k` unol uakcc

g`h a`nyclhil gtlgu.9. Hlekhl g`h kovclol x {n|t ny` u{uxlo nj ecguutnno og`gilol`x# g`h dl enùkuxl`x ykxb l jntek i {n|t

uxg`hgthu g`h lrvlexgxknù. Vnukxkzl dlbgzknt vtnitgou gtl yntxb k`zluxkigxkì. Ogal u|tl {n|t ecguu/tnno dlbgzknt og`gilol`x vcg` kèntvntgxlu ybgxlzlt xbl uebnnc/ykhl vcg` ku. Gcun# dl u|tl {n| gtlgygtl nj xbl kèl`xkzlu d|kcx k`xn {n|t uebnnc/ykhl vcg`# g`h |ul unol uxtgxli{ jnt lù|tkì gvvtnvtkgxltluvnùlu xn ux|hl`x dlbgzkntu. "Ull gcun Ulexkn` Z nj xbku I|khl.+

Gdnzl gcc# allv g vnukxkzl gxxkx|hl‘{n| gtl ylcc vtlvgtlh jnt xbku tncl g`h gcxbn|ib xbltl ykcc dl ebgc/clìlu# xbku ku xbl onol`x jnt ybkeb {n|‛zl dll` vtlvgtkì jnt {lgtu. Innh c|ea'



@ly Xlgebltu‛ Lrvltklèlu g`h Jllckìu

Ybgx jllckìu hn `ly xlgebltu x{vkegcc{ lrvltklèl>

9

Gùylt

Onux `ly xlgebltu nj ebkchtl`# hlgj# blgtkì# nt nxbltykul# jgel g vtlhkexgdcl ulw|lèl nj jllckìu gu xbl{ inxbtn|ib xblkt jktux j|cc {lgt k` xbl ecguutnno gu g vtnjluukn`gc. K` jgex# g jly {lgtu gin tlulgteblt EgtncXnockùn` hkh unol k`zluxkigxkn` g`h ygu gdcl xn itgvb xbl tncclt/enguxlt jllck iu nj g itn|v nj jktux/{lgtxlgebltu.

Xnockùn` jn|`h xbgx `ly xlgebltu dlik` xbl uebnnc {lgt ykxb G`xkekvgxkn`# d|x d{ Nexndlt xbl{ gtl k`xn gU|tzkzgc onhl. D{ Hlelodlt nt Mg`|gt{# xbl{ bgzl dlenol unolybgx Hkukcc|ukn`lh gdn|x xlgebkì. D|x xbl`#unolbny# d{ xbl l`h nj Jldt|gt{# xbl{ in xbtn|ib g ak`h nj –tl/dktxb‟ ybkeb ubl egccu Tlm|zl`gxkn`. D{ Gvtkc/

Og{ xbl{ gtl lìgilh k` Tljclexkn` n` xbl {lgt# g`h d{ M|`l xbl{ gtl dgea |v xn G`xkekvgxkn` gigk`# d|x ykxb g`ly g`h hllvlt |`hltuxg`hkì nj ybgx xlgebkì ku gcc gdn|x.

Un kj gu g `ly xlgeblt {n| gtl lrvltklèkì xblul jllckìu# a`ny xbgx {n| gtl `nx gcn`l. Bnylzlt# xbltl kun`l yg{ xn gznkh xbl hllv –zgccl{‟ xbgx nee|tu k` okh/{lgt# g`h xbgx ku xn bgzl g ol`xnt‘g xt|uxlh encclgi|lk` xbl uebnnc ybn ku `nx k` g u|vltzkunt{ egvgekx{ d|x unoln`l {n| eg` ollx ykxb tli|cgtc{ g`h ubgtl jt|uxtg/xknù gu ylcc gu ulla `ly khlgu. Kj {n| hn`‛x gctlgh{ bgzl g ol`xnt# en`xgex {n|t Vtkèkvgc gdn|x khl`xkj{kì gvltun` ybn en|ch jkcc xbgx tncl. Innh c|ea n` {n|t jktux {lgt'

Xlgebkì Tljclexkzlc{

Bny ubn|ch K tlzkly o{ jktux {lgt nj xlgebkì>

Gùylt 7

Gu jktux/{lgt xlgebltu gvvtngeb xbl enovclxkn` nj xblkt jktux {lgt nj xlgebkì# kx ku kovntxg`x xn uxg`h dgeag`h xgal uxnea. Lgtcklt k` xbku ulexkn`# yl hkue|uulh xbl il`ltgc e|tzl nj u|eeluu g`h jt|uxtgxkn` nj jktux/{lgtxlgebltu# g`h xbgx `ly xlgebltu `ntogcc{ bkx g cny vnk`x okh/{lgt dljntl uxgtxkì dgea |vygth gigk` d{uvtkì. D|x xbku vtneluu hnlu `nx bgvvl` g|xnogxkegcc{//kx bgvvlù ybl` {n| enùekn|uc{ uxnv jnt g dkx g`htlzkly xbl {lgt# xgal g hllv dtlgxb# xbkà gdn|x ybgx yl`x ylcc g`h yb{# g`h ybgx {n| ykcc hn hkjjltl`xc{`lrx {lgt g`h yb{.

Nèl xbl{ egtt{ n|x xbku vtneluu# og`{ vlnvcl jk`h xbl{ gtl dlik``kì xn jllc ontl vnukxkzl gigk` dleg|ulxbl{ `ny bgzl unol eclgt vcgù gu ylcc gu khlgu gdn|x $cluunù clgt`lh.$

Kx ku# nj en|tul# gcun blcvj|c xn bgzl k`/hlvxb en`zltugxknù ykxb jlccny `ly xlgebltu g`h zlxltg` xlgebltu//g`h {n|t ol`xnt kj {n| gtl jntx|`gxl l`n|ib xn bgzl n`l. Ilx xblkt vltuvlexkzlu n` ybgx xbl{ hkh hkjjlt/l`xc{ dlxyll` xblkt jktux g`h ulen`h {lgtu# g`h bny xbl{ ebgìlh gu vtnjluukn`gcu.

Kj {n| lìgil k` xbku vtneluu dljntl xbl l`h nj xbl uebnnc {lgt# xbgx luxgdckublu g vcgxjnto jnt hnkì unol`ly ak`hu nj vcg``kì h|tkì xbl enokì u|oolt. D{ jgcc# {n| gtl tlgh{ xn dlik` ykxb tl`lylh l`xb|uk/guo g`h unol hljk`kxl ykuhno.



Gùylt 4

Ybl` {n| enol xn xbl l`h nj {n|t jktux {lgt gu g xlgeblt# kx ykcc dl zlt{ blcvj|c xn uxg`h dgea g`h tljclexn` bny jgt {n| bgzl enol ukèl xbl dlik``kì nj xbl uebnnc {lgt# g`h ybgx tlogkù nj xbl vtlul`x uebnnc{lgt. Xyn tlgunù jnt xbku= xbku vtneluu blcvu "7+ xn ogal u|tl {n| gtl vcg``k i ylcc jnt xbl tlogk`kìyllau nj uebnnc g`h "4+ xn en`jkto xbkìu {n| bgzl clgt`lh jtno xbku kovntxg`x jktux {lgt un {n| eg` tlvlgxxbl u|eeluulu `lrx {lgt g`h jk`h gcxlt`gxl yg{u nj hnkì xbkìu xbgx hkh `nx ynta n|x gu vcg``lh. Xbl vtne/luu nj tljclexkn` ku n`l {n| vtndgdc{ bgh xn hn gu vgtx nj {n|t ux|hl`x xlgebkì dljntl dlenokì g tli|cgtxlgeblt. D|x `ny kx ku g dkx hkjjltl`x.

Ybkcl allvkì g tljclexkzl mn|t`gc ku ljjlexkzl xn blcv k` xbl xbkàkì vtneluu# kx ku gcun blcvj|c xn xgal xkolg`h gua# –Ybgx bgzl K clgt`lh xbku {lgt xbgx K eg` dl`ljkx jtno `lrx {lgt>‟ Ogal g ckux nj cluunù clgt`lh# ntogal xyn enc|où n` g vklel nj vgvlt "Enc|o` 7‘ybgx K ykcc hn xbl ugol `lrx {lgt# g`h Enc|o` 4‘ybgxK ykcc ebgìl `lrx {lgt+. Cnna gx xbl ckuxu g`h xt{ {n|t khlgu n` g` lrvltklèlh encclgi|l. K` xbku yg{ {n|ykcc bgzl xbl dl`ljkx nj {n|t ny` xbn|ibx gu ylcc gu xbl jllhdgea jtno unoln`l ybn ku g ulgun`lh vtnjlu/ukn`gc.

Kx ku g dkx lgtc{ xn vcg` enètlxlc{ jnt `lrx {lgt dleg|ul {n|‛tl uxkcc k` xbl okhux nj xbku {lgt‛u itn|vu. Bny/lzlt# kx ku luul`xkgc {n| `nxl jnt xbl tlenth unol nj xbl al{ cluunù/clgt`lh jtno xbku {lgt‘dljntl xbl{ gtlcnux k` xbl t|ub nj enovclxkì g`h ecnukì n|x xbl uebnnc {lgt.

[n| ykcc jk`h xbgx xbl dlux nj lrvltklèlh xlgebltu lìgil k` g vtneluu ckal xbku‘gcyg{u ubgtvl`kì xblktuakccu d{ tljclexkì n` ybgx bgu vtlzkn|uc{ bgvvl`lh. Xt{ xbku vtneluu# nt unol vtneluu ckal kx# g`h {n| ykccdl vclgulh xn ull xbgx {n| uxgtx xn hlzlcnv xbl gdkckx{ xn xbkà k` cgtil eb|àu nj xkol# gu ylcc gu uxgtx xn xbkàk` xltou nj ybgx ku inkì xn u|eellh dlux `lrx xkol gtn|`h.

2

Clgt`kì Ux{clu

K go e|ttl`xc{ |`hltxgakì unol tlulgteb k`xn clgt`kì ux{clu nj vlnvcl ybn gtl hlgj g`h bgth nj blgtkì. Hnlu g`{n`l bgzlg`{ tljltlèlu jnt k`jntogxkn` n` xbku>

Gùylt

E|ttl`x tlulgteb g`h v|dckegxknù jtno Igccg|hlx \`kzltukx{ "yyy.igccg|hlx.lh|+ og{ blcv. [n|t cnegc|`kzltukx{ ckdtgt{ gcun eg` dl g |ulj|c tlun|tel k` ghhkxkn` xn il`ltgc |ul nj xbl K`xlt`lx.

Xlgebkì Tljclexkzlc{ "en`xk`|lh+



\`hltuxg`hkì D{ Hluki`

Gtl xbltl e|ttl`xc{ og`{ xlgebltu nj ux|hl`xu ybn gtl hlgj g`h bgth nj blgtkì ybn bgzl kovclol`xlh xbl dgeaygth hluki` vtneluu gu hkue|uulh k` xbl xlrx \`hltuxg`hkì d{ Hluki` d{ Ykiikù g`h OeXkibl> Bny u|eeluuj|c ku xbku vtneluu>

Gùylt

Xbltl gtl g jly ybn gtl |ukì \`hltuxg`hkì d{ Hluki`# d|x yl gtl `nx u|tl bny xn jk`h n|x ybn xbl{ gtl.Kx ku uxkcc `ly# d|x xbltl ygu g` lrelccl`x vtlul`xgxkn` n` xbku xnvke gx g tlel`x `gxkn`gc en`jltlèl nj xblGuunekgxkn` nj Encclil Lh|egxntu nj xbl Hlgj g`h Bgth nj Blgtkì# un gygtl`luu ku d|kchkì gdn|x kx#luvlekgcc{ gonì xbnul ybn vtlvgtl xlgebltu.

Ykiikù g`h OeXkibl bgzl gex|gcc{ vtnh|elh xbtll hkjjltl`x dnnau n` xbl u|dmlex‘\`hltuxg`hkì d{ Hluki`#xbl \`hltuxg`hkì d{ Hluki` Bg`hdnna# g`h onux tlel`xc{ xbl \`hltuxg`hkì d{ Hluki` Yntadnna "Guunekgxkn` jntU|vltzkukn` g`h E|ttke|c|o Hlzlcnvol x+. Gcc xbtll hn g ogtzlcn|u mnd nj hlonùxtgxkì# xbtn|ib vtgexkegclrltekulu# bny xlgebltu eg` gvvc{ g zlt{ kovntxg`x khlg k` e|ttke|c|o vcg``kì. Xbgx khlg ku xn gcyg{u dlik`ykxb ybgx n`l ykublu xn dl xbl jk`gc n|xenol nj g cluun` nt ecguutnno lrvltklèl# g`h xbl` xn vcg` dgeaygthjtno xbgx vnk`x‘enzltkì xbl ogxltkgcu# vtnelh|tlu# g`h guuluuol xu. Xbku vtneluu guu|tlu xbgx xlgebltu bgzlg eclgt jne|u n` ybgx xblkt nzltgcc gko ku jnt xbl lrvltklèlu xbl{ ykcc clgh. Nxblt |ulj|c onhlcu nj e|ttke|c|ontig`k}gxkn`# nj en|tul# eg` dl jn|`h1 g`nxblt xn cnna k`xn yn|ch dl Mgendu‛ Ogvvkì xbl Dki Vkex|tl"Guunekgxkn` jnt U|vltzkukn` g`h E|ttke|c|o Hlzlcnvol`x+.

Uxt|ex|tlh zu. Bnckuxke Gvvtngeblu

Lh|egxkn`gc lrvltklèl ku g yn`hltj|c yg{ jnt ux|hl`xu xn clgt`# d|x gx xbl ugol xkol# hn ux|hl`xu `llh unol uxt|ex|tl>

Hn {n| xbkà xlgebltu ubn|ch dl xtghkxkn`gc ykxb yntaubllxu g`h u|eb# nt dgul clgt`kì n` gcc ak`hu nj lrvltklèlu> K jk`h kxhkjjke|cx kj xbltl ku `n uxt|ex|tl# d|x ku xbltl unol yg{ xn dl k` xbl okhhcl g`h bny>

Gùylt

Yb{ `nx hn dnxb> Vltun`gc lrvltklèlu jnt cgì|gil g`h ytkxkì gtl g innh khlg# jnccnylh d{ ikzkìil`ltgc jgexu gdn|x {n|t |`kx nt e|ttl`x xblol. Xbl` tlk`jntel xblul khlgu xbtn|ib yntaubllxu. Ykxb unog`{ clgt`kì ux{clu gonì g`{ itn|v nj ebkchtl`# yl eg``nx lrvlex xblo gcc xn clgt` |ukì xbl ugolgvvtngeb nt lzl` lrvlex g`{ ikzl` ux|hl`x xn clgt` k` n`c{ n`l yg{. Zgt{ {n|t gvvtngeblu‘|ul k`w|kt{#k`hlvl`hl`x tlulgteb# lrvltklèl/dgulh kùxt|exkn`# yntaubllxu# k`hkzkh|gc engebkì# cgtil/itn|v zku|gcvtlul`xgxknù# g`h ontl. Zgtklx{ allvu ux|hl`xu clgt`kì k` hkjjltl`x yg{u gu ylcc gu k`xltluxlh. Yntaubllx

w|luxknù ubn|ch dl hluki`lh xn geeluu bkiblt/nthlt xbkàkì uakccu1 ybkcl Dcnno‛u Xgrn`no{ nj Eni`kxkzlNdmlexkzlu ku ylcc luxgdckublh# gcc ecguutnno guukiòl`xu ubn|ch lèn|tgil gexkzl clgt`kì g`h vtndclo/unczkì "g`gc{uku# u{`xbluku# lxe.+. Jnt a`nyclhil/clzlc g`h tlegcc gexkzkxklu# xbl |ul nj ennvltgxkzl clgt`kìuxtgxliklu eg` dnnux gexkzl clgt`kì g`h bkiblt/nthlt xbkàkì uakccu. "Ull gcun Ulexkn` ZKK k` xbku I|khl.+

;



Xlgebkì Tlghkì K

Ybgx gtl g jly nj xbl onux kovntxg`x guvlexu k` xlgebkì tlghkì xn ux|hl`xu ybn gtl hlgj>

Gùylt

Yl gtl e|ttl`xc{ |ukì xbl Jgktzkly Tlghkì Vtnitgo. Kx bgu jkzl enovn`l`xu.

7. Xbl ghgvxlh Hnceb Ckuxu nj ynthu= Xbltl gtl og`{ ynthu k` Lìckub xbgx vtnzl hkjjke|cx jnt xbl ebkch ybnku blgtkì kovgktlh. Jnt lrgovcl# xbl ynth $ogal$ bgu lkibx hkjjltl`x olg`kìu# xbltljntl lkibx hkjjltl`xukiù xbl ebkch o|ux clgt`. Xbl ckuxu in jtno vtl/vtkolt xn xbkth itghl.

4. Dtkhil vbtgulu= Xbltl gtl |u|gcc{ xyn nt ontl Lìckub ynthu g`h n`l GUC uki`. Jnt lrgovcl# $cnna |v$ku`)x uki`lh $cnna$ xbl` $|v$ kx ku uki`lh gu n`l onzlol`x. Xbltl gtl ckuxu jtno vtl/vtkolt xn xbkth itghl.

5. Tlghkì n`l/n`/n`l k` xbl O|cxkvcl Uakccu Ultklu. Xblul gtl dnnau jtno vkex|tl n` |v xn bkib uebnnc clzlc.K ckal |ukì xbku ultklu dleg|ul K bgzl unol ux|hl`xu k` xbl 4`h itghl dnna# nxbltu k` xbl 8xb itghl dnna#g`h lzl` n`l k` xbl :xb itghl dnna. Xbl dnnau gtl encnt ennthk`gxlh un xbl akhu gtl `nx lodgttguulh xbl{gtl k` <xb itghl tlghkì n` g 4`h itghl clzlc. Lgeb uxnt{ ku n`l nt xyn vgtgitgvbu ykxb jkzl w|luxknù tl/igthkì ogk` khlg g`h hlxgkcu jnccnykì xbl uxnt{.

8. Ytkxk i vgtx= Xbku ku onux ebgccl ikì. Ux|hl xu ytkxl nèl g ylla. Xbl{ ytkxl g bgcj vgil n` g zgtklx{ njxnvkeu. Xbl xlgeblt ebgìlu xblkt vgtgitgvbu k`xn Lìckub g`h xbl ebkchtl` tlytkxl xbl uxnt{ g`h allv xblhtgjx g`h xbl $innh$ env{ k` g jnchlt. Xbl xlgeblt eg` gcun tlytkxl xbl htgjx enttlexc{ jnt xbl ux|hl`xu xnull.

<. Xbl jkjxb enovn`l x ku hn`l d{ n|t hlgj ckdtgtkg` g`h jne|ulu n` xbl |ul nj GUC g`h kxu itgoogt. Xblebkch xlccu g ubntx uxnt{# g`h xbl xlgeblt ckuxlù xbl` tlvlgxu xbl uxnt{ |ukì gu og`{ enovn`l`xu nj GUCgu vnuukdcl. Xbl ebkch tlvlgxu xbl uxnt{ xt{kì xn kokxgxl xbl GUC hlonùxtgxlh. Kj xbltl ku `n uxgjj olodlt

ybn ku hlgj# xbl xlgeblt ubn|ch gex gu xbl GUC Onhlc.

Xbgx)u g cnx# d|x kx yntau g`h ku j|`. Xbku vtnitgo ku `ny dlkì |ulh k` 84 uxgxlu `gxkn`ykhl.Nxblt ylcc/xluxlh gvvtngeblu xn xlgebkì tlghkì kèc|hl xbl Ubgtlh Tlghkì Vtnitgo jtno xbl Eclte

El`xlt gx Igccg|hlx \`kzltukx{ g`h xbl Uxgt Uebnncu Vtnmlex.Tlghkì Okcluxn`lu# hlzlcnvlh d{ Uxlzl` W|kicl{# ku uxkcc dlkì |ulh k` unol ecguutnnou. Kx ygu hluki`lh jnt

xbl cnylt j|èxkn`kì ux|hl`x. Kx bgu zlt{ en`xtncclh znegd|cgt{.Nxblt lh|egxntu gtl |ukì xtghl dnnau ykxb tlvlxkxkzl xblolu. Gjxlt tlghkì xbl dnna# xbl ux|hl`xecguu

ogalu xblkt ny` dnna jnccnykì xbl xblol nj xbl xtghl dnna.Xbl –Geelcltgxlh Tlghlt‟ ku g`nxblt vnv|cgt tlghkì vtnitgo# gccnykì ux|hl`xu xn ynta gx xblkt ny`

vgel |ukì xbl enov|xlt xn on`kxnt xlux uentlu. Xbl ux|hl`x o|ux vguu g eltxgk` `|odlt nj w|k}}lu dljntlxbl enov|xlt gccnyu bkoblt xn onzl xn xbl `lrx clzlc. N`l nj xbl vc|uulu jnt xbku vtnitgo ku xbgx kx ogalu

xbl ux|hl`x ontl tluvnùkdcl jnt bkublt ny` tlghkì g`h vgel.

76



Xlgebkì Tlghkì KK

K bgzl ull` tn|`h/tndk` tlghkì hn`l k` xbl hlgj lh. ecguutnno "ybltl ux|hl`xu xgal x|tù k` tlghkì xn xbl itn|v+# d|x onuxtli|cgt lh|egxkn` xlgebltu hn `nx ckal xbku uxtgxli{. Ku tn|`h/tndk` tlghkì dl`ljkekgc jnt ux|hl`xu ybn gtl hlgj>

Gùylt

Yl ubn|ch vltokx ux|hl`xu xn bgzl vcl`x{ nj xkol jnt k`hlvl`hl`x g`h w|klx tlghkì1 tn|`h/tndk` tlghkìunolxkolu tlu|cxu k` vllt vtluu|tl g`h tlzlgcu zgtkn|u tlghkì clzlcu g`h ux{clu ybkeb eg` dl lodgttguukì xnunol ux|hl`xu. Kx ku vnuukdcl xn hn unol tn|`h/tndk` tlghkì ykxb xbl nzltblgh vtnmlexnt1 nxbltykul# kx ku lgu{jnt xbl xlgeblt xn cnul xbl ebkchtl` k` tn|`h/tndk`. Allv tn|`h/tndk` tlghkì xn g` neegukn`gc dguku# g`h ebleajnt dtkhikì enèlvxu g`h znegd|cgt{ "dtkhikì ku ybltl xbl enèlvx tlw|ktlu xyn nt ontl Lìckub ynthu d|x

n`c{ n`l uki`# u|eb gu $ilx |v$+. [n| og{ ykub xn k`zluxkigxl xbl olxbnh a`ny` gu xbl –Bg`hu/\v GUC YnthYgcc.‟

77

Znegd|cgt{ Lrvcnukn`

Bny eg` K kètlgul o{ ux|hl`xu‛ znegd|cgt{>

Gùylt

G tle|ttkì ebgcclìl jnt xbl hlgj lh|egxkn` xlgeblt ku bny xn kètlgul xbl znegd|cgt{ nj xbl ux|hl`x ybn ku

hlgj nt bgth nj blgtkì. Unol lh|egxntu bgzl ugkh kx xgalu |v xn 74< lrvnu|tlu nj g znegd|cgt{ xlto dljntl xblhlgj ebkch –nyù‟ xbgx ynth. K bgzl xyn blcvj|c bk`xu xn uxtlìxbl` xbku geghloke gtlg.

Jktux ku g ukovcl vklel nj cgok`gxlh vnuxlt dngth. Og`{ xkolu h|tkì xbl en|tul nj xbl hg{ |à`ny` znegd|/cgt{ ykcc vnv |v. Kx okibx nee|t h|tkì g clex|tl# tlghkì nj g xlrxdnnackdtgt{ dnna# nt lzl` g j|` ennakìgexkzkx{. Vcgel xbl xlto n` xbl vnuxlt dngth |ukì g ygxlt unc|dcl zku/æ/zku vl`. K ckal xn |ul {lccny vnuxltdngth//kx ku lgu{ xn tlgh. Jnt lgu{ hkuvcg{# ghh g vklel nj Zlcetn xn xbl ent`ltu nj xbl vnuxlt dngth g`h xn xblebgcadngth# d|cclxk` dngth# nt ygcc ybltl {n| ykcc bgì xbl vnuxlt dngth. Lgeb ont`kì tlzkly xbl ynthu g`hukiù. [n| og{ ykub xn |ul xblul ynthu k` uvlcckì ul`xlèlu nt etlgxkzl ytkxkì jtno xkol xn xkol.

Xbl ulen`h blcvj|c bk`x ku g vltun`gc GDE Hkexkn`gt{. Lgeb ux|hl`x ogalu bku ny` jtno g tli|cgt jnchlt.Ghh 49 vklelu nj vgvlt. Xbl jktux vgil ku {n|t xkxcl vgil g`h lgeb enùle|xkzl vgil ykcc bgzl g clxxlt nj xblgcvbgdlx k` xbl tkibx/bg`h ent`lt. H|tkì clxxlt ytkxkì nt etlgxkzl ytkxkì ux|hl`xu gcyg{u bgzl ynthu xbl{`llh uvlcclh. Kùxlgh nj ytkxkì xbnul ynthu n` xbl dcgeadngth nt n` uetgxeb vgvlt# ytkxl kx k` xbl GDE jnchlt.

Xblul xltou njxl` nee|t jtlw|l`xc{1 nèl xbl{ gtl k` {n|t ux|hl`xu‛ jnchltu {n| ykcc `nx bgzl xn tlvlgx xbkuxgua. Dl u|tl xn ghh xltou jtno {n|t vnuxlt dngth g`h ygxeb jnt znegd|cgt{ lrvcnukn`'



Ytkxkì Uxtgxliklu K

K go cnnakì jnt g uxtgxli{ xn blcv o{ ux|hl`xu dtgkùxnto g`h ntig`k}l k`jntogxkn` dljntl ytkxkì# jnt lrgovcl# ybl` xbl{bgzl xn ytkxl g en|vcl nj vgtgitgvbu n` g uvlekjke xnvke. Ku xbltl g` n|xck`l xbl{ eg` jnccny xn blcv xblo xbtn|ib xbl vtneluu>

Gùylt

K hn $ylddkì$ g cnx. [n| v|x g ektecl k` xbl okhhcl nj {n|t vgvlt# ybltl xbl xnvke ku ytkxxl`. Xbl` {n| bgzlxbtll nt jn|t d|ddclu lrxl`hlh jtno xbl xnvke. [n| ytkxl u|dxnvkeu k` xbl lrxl`hlh d|ddclu. @ny {n| bgzl xnghhtluu lgeb d|ddcl d{ ghhkì ulzltgc ck`lu xn lrvg`h n` lgeb u|dxnvke. Xbku ku g innh vtlytkxkì gexkzkx{.[n| eg` xbl` dlik` xn xgal xbku k`jntogxkn` g`h x|t` kx k`xn g j|cc vgtgitgvb nt xyn.

74

Ytkxkì Uxtgxliklu KK

Ybgx gtl uxtgxliklu xbgx ykcc jgekckxgxl $innh ytkxxl` Lìckub uakccu$ d{ ux|hl`xu ybn gtl hlgj g`h bgth nj blgtkì>

Gùylt 7

N`l uxtgxli{ ku xn |ul Hgkc{ Ntgc Cgì|gil jne|ukì n` ul`xlèl uxt|ex|tlu jnt ux|hl`xu ybn bgzl unoltlukh|gc blgtkì. Ht. Bgtt{ Cgì jtno xbl @gxkn`gc Xleb`kegc Kùxkx|xl jnt xbl Hlgj k` Tnebluxlt# @[ ku gtlun|tel k` xbku gtlg. Ux|hl`xu njxl` bgzl g hkjjke|cx xkol hluetkdkì xblkt ndultzgxknù k` ytkxxl` Lìckub1 xbkuku g` lrltekul yl hn xn blcv kovtnzl ndultzgxkn` uakccu. G jgzntkxl vnlo# xbl Hkgog`xl# bgu g jntogx xbgx k`/

ec|hlu gcc ogk` vgtxu nj xbl Lìckub cgì|gil//`n|ù# zltdu# ghmlexkzlu# ghzltdu.

Gùylt 4

Mn|t`gckì ku g itlgx khlg jnt ytkxk i lrvltklèlu. Xgal g tli|cgt uvktgc `nxldnna g`h# |ukì g vgvlt e|xxlt#e|x xbl `nxldnna k` bgcj "|ukì yktl e|xxltu jnt xbl uvktgc+. Xbku ogalu xbl mn|t`gc dnna cluu hg|`xkì jntux|hl`xu. K tlel`xc{ |ulh mn|t`gckì k` o{ gìlt og`gilol`x |`kx k` xbl ecguutnno# uxgtxkì lgeb hg{ ykxb gxnvke u|eb gu $Kj o{ ckxxcl ukuxlt ilxu g `ly xn{ g`h K hn`)x# ku kx nag{ xn dtlga blt xn{>$ nt# $Kj {n|t ecguuogxlkù|cxu {n|# ku kx nag{ xn kù|cx dgea>$ \ukì tlgc ukx|gxknù blcvu# g`h lrvcntkì vnukxkzl gcxlt`gxkzlu ku g ckjluakcc xbl ux|hl`xu `llh xn hlzlcnv.



G`kogcu k` xbl Ecguutnno= Xlttkdcl nt Xlttkjke>

Ybgx gtl xbl vtn‛u g`h en`‛u jnt allvkì g`kogcu k` xbl ecguutnno>

Gùylt

Unol Enù= Ljjntx Enux Ogk`xl`gèl

Unol Vtnu= \ul g`kogcu xn k`xtnh|el xbl Uekl`xkjke Olxbnh. Xlgeb ybgx g`kogcu `llh xn u|tzkzl. Xlgeb ckjl e{eclu.

Xlgeb tluvnùkdkckx{ jnt egtkì jnt xbl g`kogcu. Clx ux|hl`xu blcv ulx |v ecguu t|clu jntegtkì g`h vlxxkì.

\ul g`kogcu jnt etlgxkzl xbkàkì uakccu g`h vtndclo unczkì cluunù. Xlgeb bgdkxgx# lenu{uxlou# l`zktnòl`x# jnnh ebgkù# jnnh yldu. Itlgx jnt ytkxkì guukiòl`xu |ukì xbl vlxu gu ebgtgexltu. Nxblt ytkxkì khlgu kèc|hl= vltuvlexkzl // Ybgx yn|ch g ilean yg`x jnt Ebtkuxogu>

Xbgàuikzkì hk``lt> Vguu n|x uxgovlh vnuxegthu vtl/ghhtluulh xn {n| "xbl xlgeblt+1g ux|hl`x eg` ogkc {n| g `nxl g`h gua gdn|x xbl vlx gx unol vnk`x h|tkì xbl {lgt "gx xblebkch‛u hkuetlxkn`+.

G`kogcu k` xbl ecguutnno xlgeb unekgc uakccu ckal tluvlex g`h `|tx|tkì nj ckzkì xbkìu. \ul gu xnvkeu jnt {n|t ndultzgxkn` mn|t`gc= ndultzl# xn|eb# xgal egtl nj# ogal vtlhkexknù#

htgy enèc|uknù g`h tlenth xbl hgkc{ ckzlu nj ckzkì xbkìu.

U|vltd jnt ntgc cgì|gil g`h znegd|cgt{ hlzlcnvol`x. Vlxu lèn|tgil ux|hl`xu xn gua w|luxknù g`h ulla gùyltu. Xbl{ gtl innh jnt jntokì g`h unczkì ogxb vtndclou. \ul g`kogcu jnt htgykì nt xn kcc|uxtgxl ytkxkì. Gylunol tlk`jntelol x jnt xbl cny j|èxkn`kì bkib uebnnc ux|hl`x ybn ku`‛x k`xltluxlh

k` enov|xltu dleg|ul bl hnlu`‛x bgzl n`l gx bnol# eg`‛x tlgh jnt vclgu|tl# hnlu`‛x yg`xxn vcg{ egthu d|x eg` jllh g`h ygxlt xbl g`kogcu# eclg` egil# lxe.

Xlgeb xbl g`kogc akìhno. Lrgovcl= G ilean ku g tlvxkcl. Bl ublhu bku uak`. Ybgx yn|chxbku cnna ckal |`hlt g oketnuenvl>

75



78

Yb{ Bgzl G Ueklèl Jgkt>

G ueklèl jgkt vtnmlex ku g cnx nj ynta jnt xbl xlgeblt gu ylcc gu xbl ux|hl`x1 un# yb{ yn|ch n`l yg`x xn bgzl g ueklèl jgkt>'

Gùylt

Yl eg` khl`xkj{ gx clgux xl` tlgunù xn bgzl g ueklèl jgkt=

7. K`xtnh|exkn` xn xbl uekl xkjke olxbnh= xbku ku g uxlv/d{/uxlv xleb kw|l jnt khl`xkj{kì g uekl xkjke–vtndclo‟ g`h yntakì xbtn|ib xn g unc|xkn`.

4. Tlulgteb uakccu= tlw|ktl xbtll un|telu "g xlrxdnna# g` lè{ecnvlhkg# g`h g` K xlt`lx yldukxl+ jtnoux|hl`xu xn blcv hlzlcnv xblkt tlulgteb vgvlt. Xbku gcun blcvu ykxb tlghkì g`h enov|xlt uakccu.

5. Cgì|gil uakccu= vgtxkekvgxkì k` g ueklèl jgkt l`bgèlu ux|hl`x‛u cgì|gil uakccu. Xbl{ gtl lrvnulh xnLìckub itgoogt k` g hkjjltl`x l`zktnòl`x. Xbl ynta n` xbl hkuvcg{ `llhu xn dl itgoogxkegcc{ enttlexgu ylcc gu xbl tlulgteb vgvlt.

8. Znegd|cgt{ hlzlcnvol x= xbltl gtl uvlekjke xltou guunekgxlh ykxb g uekl el jgkt vtnmlex l.i.# lrvltkol`x#v|tvnul# vtnelh|tl# b{vnxbluku# g`h enèc|ukn`.

<. Hgxg encclexkn` g`h zgtkgdclu= g` lrvltkol x `llhu xn dl en`h|exlh ontl xbg` nèl. Zgtkgdclu eg` dlk`xtnh|elh xn zgckhgxl lrvltkol x. Ogxb eg` dl k`xlitgxlh d{ |ukì xgcc{ ogtau nt dgt itgvbu xn tlvtl/ul`x hgxg tlu|cxu.

:. Jnccnykì hktlexknù= k` nthlt xn bgzl g u|eeluuj|c lrvltkol`x g ux|hl`x o|ux tlgh g`h jnccny hktle/xknù. Xbl vtnelh|tl nj xbl ueklèl jgkt ulxu |v g uxlv d{ uxlv –tlekvl‟ xn en`h|ex xbl lrvltkol`x.

9. Enoo|`kegxkn` uakccu= gjxlt xbl tlulgteb# lrvltkol`x# g`h hkuvcg{ dngth bgzl dll` enovclxlh# xbltl kun`l ontl uxlv xn g ueklèl jgkt vtnmlex. Xbl ux|hl`x o|ux vtlul`x bku lrbkdkx xn xbl m|hil"u+. Xbl ux|hl`xo|ux enoo|`kegxl eclgtc{ g`h lrvcgk` xbl n|xenol nj bkublt ynta.

2. Ulcj/luxllo= u|eeluuj|cc{ vtlul`xk i g uekl el jgkt vtnmlex xn ecguuogxlu g`h xbl` xn g` gh|cx m|hil eg` dl`ltzl/ytgeakì# d|x ybl` lzlt{xbkì ku gcc ugkh g`h hn`l kx ku yntxb xbl ljjntx. Onux ux|hl`xu enolgyg{ jtno xbl lrvltklèl ykxb g uokcl g`h g ulùl nj geenovckubol`x.

;. Vtnonxlu bkiblt/clzlc xbkàkì uakccu= xbl ybncl vtneluu nj xbl ueklèl jgkt vtnmlex l`bg elu xbkàkìuakccu.

76. Lèn|tgilu g` k`xltlux k` ueklèl= xbl ux|hl`xu gtl gccnylh xn ebnnul xblkt ny` lrvltkol`x1 xbltljntl#xbl{ ebnnul xnvkeu gdn|x ybkeb xbl{ gtl e|tkn|u g`h yg`x xn clgt`.



7<

Gùylt

G ueklèl jgkt vtnmlex enùkuxu nj g tlulgteb vgvlt# g` lrvltkol`x# g`h g hkuvcg{ dngth. G b{vnxbluku o|uxdl hlzlcnvlh. Hgxg o|ux dl encclexlh xn dgea |v lrvltkol`xgc tlu|cxu. Xbl enèc|ukn` lkxblt geelvxu nt tl/

mlexu xbl b{vnxbluku. Bltl gtl unol xkvu xn ogal {n|t uekl el jgkt g u|eeluu "g`h ykcc lèn|tgil {n| xn hn kxgigk` `lrx {lgt'+

7. Dl ntig k}lh. Ulx |v hlghck`lu g`h h|l hgxlu jnt htgjx nj xbl tlulgteb# x{vkì xbl tlulgteb vgvlt n` xbl

enov|xlt# enovclxkì xbl lrvltkol`x# g`h enovclxkì xbl hkuvcg{ dngth. Gu lgeb ulexkn` nj xbl vtnmlexku h|l ikzl g itghl nj unol ak`h.

4. \ul g jnchlt. Ikzl bg`hn|xu g`h bgzl ux|hl`xu vcgel xblo k` xblkt –Ueklèl Jgkt‟ jnchlt. Bg`hn|xuubn|ch kèc|hl g` lrgovcl nj g dkdcknitgvb{# g hkuvcg{ dngth# g ebleackux nj kxlou xn dl kèc|hlh k` xblvtnmlex# vnuukdcl yldukxlu# lxe.

5. Vtgexkel vtlul`xgxkn`. Nèl lzlt{xbkì ku enovclxlh# bgzl xbl ux|hl`xu vtgexkel xblkt vtlul`xgxkn` xnn`l g`nxblt k` vgktu. Xbl` bgzl xbl ux|hl`xu vtgexkel k` jtn`x nj xbl ybncl ecguu. Kj vnuukdcl# vtgexkelgigk` k` jtn`x nj g`nxblt ecguu. Xbku ykcc blcv ykxb –`ltzlu‟ g`h ykcc blcv xbl ux|hl`x ntig`k}l bkuxbn|ibxu. Gjxlt xbl vtlul`xgxkn`# gccny xkol jnt w|luxknù jtno xbl g|hklèl. Gjxlt gcc# xbl m|hilu ykccdl guakì w|luxknù# xnn. Kj {n| gtl inkì xn dl k`xltvtlxkì# {n| ubn|ch vtgexkel tlzltukì gu xbl ebkc/htl` gtl ikzkì xblkt vtlul`xgxknù.

8. Nxblt xkvu=

․ Ybl` ytkxkì xbl tlulgteb vgvlt# in gblgh g`h xlgeb xbl dkdcknitgvb{ jntogx g`h kèc|hlxbgx k`jntogxkn` gu {n| in gcnì. Hn`‛x ygkx |`xkc xbl l`h nj xbl tlulgteb xn ytkxl xbl dkdck/nitgvb{.

․ Gcyg{u# gcyg{u# gcyg{u tlvlgx {n|t lrvltkol`x. Xbku gccnyu jnt hgxg encclexkn`. Kj {n| n`c{hn xbl lrvltkol`x nèl# xbltl ku `n tnno jnt en`xtnc zgtkgdclu.

․ \ul ulzltgc m|hilu. K |ul xyn kùkhltu jtno o{ uebnnc g`h n`l –n|xukhlt‟ jtno g`nxbltuebnnc. K gex gu k`xltvtlxlt jnt xbl n|xukhlt. Xbku ku g innh lrvltklèl jnt xbl ux|hl`x gu ylccgu xbl m|hil `llhkì xbl k`xltvtlxkì ultzkelu.

․ Ogal {n|t hkuvcg{ dngth encntj|c. \ul g dnthlt g`h ogxebkì clxxltu. Kj {n|t lrvltkol`xegccu jnt g dnr# ytgv kx k` vtlxx{ vgvlt. \ul vkex|tlu nt ntkik`gc htgykìu' G hkikxgc egoltgyntau itlgx.

․ Gjxlt {n| bgzl {n|t cnegc ueklèl jgkt# in xn tlikn`gc enovlxkxkn`. Xgal {n|t xnv xbtll yk`/

`ltu. [n| okibx dl xbl n`c{ hlgj enovlxkxntu n|x nj <66! d|x ybgx g itlgx lrvltklèl jnt{n|t hlgj ux|hl`xu' G`h {n|# xnn'

Bny xn Bgzl g U|eeluuj|c Ueklèl Jgkt

Bny eg` K ogal n|t Ueklèl Jgkt g u|eeluu>



\ukì L/ogkc k` xbl Ecguutnno

O{ ux|hl`xu l`mn{ yntakì ykxb xbl enov|xlt# luvlekgcc{ l/ogkc. N|t hntou bgzl enov|xltu g`h og`{ nj xbl enoo|xltubgzl enov|xltu. G`{ khlgu n` bny K en|ch |ul l/ogkc k` o{ ecguutnno>

Gùylt

Cgì|gil g`h Lìckub itgoogt ykcc en`xk`|l xn dl xbl xlgeblt‛u %7 ebgcclìl jnt ux|hl`xu ybn gtl hlgj ntbgth nj blgtkì. Ybgx kj yl egol |v ykxb g enovtnokul dlxyll` xbl ux|hl`xu‛ k`xltlux k` xbl enov|xlt g`hxbl xlgeblt‛u hluktl xn ull Lìckub ul`xlèl uxt|ex|tl vtgexkelh> Yl‛tl gcyg{u guakì n|t ux|hl`xu xn ytkxl getlgxkzl guukiòl`x nt etlgxl g vgtgitgvb jtno g jklch xtkv lrvltklèl. Bny gdn|x bgzkì ux|hl`xu l/ogkc {n|xblkt bnolynta guukiòl`x> [n|‛cc dl gog}lh gx bny ykcckì {n|t ux|hl`xu ykcc dl xn ytkxl g vgtgitgvb ykxbl/ogkc' Unol nj xbl cny j|èxkn`kì ux|hl`xu en|ch lckekx blcv jtno xblkt vlltu k` xbl hntokxnt{.

Bltl‛u ybgx xn hn= Env{ xbl htgjx l/ogkc xn Ynth# ebgìl xbl jn`x uk}l xn 72 nt 46# hn|dcl uvgel kx# g`h xbl`vtk`x kx. Enttlex xbl Lìckub g`h tlx|t` xbl enttlexlh bgth env{ xn xbl ux|hl`x ybn xbl` ul`hu g`nxblt l/ogkcykxb xbl enttlexlh vgtgitgvb.

Bk`xu jnt u|eeluu=

7. Dl u|tl lzlt{n`l a`nyu xblkt l/ogkc ghhtluu g`h vguuynth. Bgzl lgeb ux|hl x ubny {n| xbgx blubleg` cni k`.

4. Kj g ux|hl x hnlu `nx bgzl nt eg` `nx tlolodlt bkublt l/ogkc# ulx |v g` geen|`x. Xbl ux|hl xu ckal–e|xlukl‟ `golu d|x eg` `nx tlolodlt xblo un ybl` {n| ulx |v g` geen|`x K u|iilux unolxbkì lgu{ xntlolodlt ckal jktux g`h cgux `golu ykxb `n uvgelu. Jnt xbl vguuynth# allv kx ubntx dleg|ul kx ku lgu{ xnogal g x{vn# luvlekgcc{ ukèl gcc {n| ull ku ------.

5. Ybl` xbl ux|hl`x u|eeluuj|cc{ l`xltu bkublt geen|`x# bgzl xbl ux|hl`x l`xlt {n|t l/ogkc ghhtluu k`xn xbl

ghhtluu dnna g`h {n| zltkj{ kx ku gdunc|xlc{ enttlex. Nxbltykul# xbl ux|hl`xu eg` okux{vl {n|t ghhtluug`h xbl l/ogkc ykcc `nx in xbtn|ib.8. N`l nj xbl dlux yg{u xn |ul l/ogkc k xbl ecguutnno ku xn ulx |v ybgx yl k` xbl vgux egcclh vl`vgcu‘`ny

xbl{ yn|ch dl egcclh l/vgcu kx ullou‘k` unol nxblt cnegxkn` nt enoo|`kx{. [n| hn xbku d{ en`xgexkì gxlgeblt k` g`nxblt hlgj lh|egxkn` ecguutnno g`h gttgìl jnt tlekvtnegc enoo|`kegxkn`# ykxb xbl lrebgìlnj l/ogkc ghhtluulu. Xbl`# n` g ueblh|clh dguku# u|eb gu nèl vlt ylla nt un# bgzl {n|t ux|hl`xu ilx k` xblbgdkx nj ul`hkì g oluugil xn g` l/vgc g`h tlvc{kì xn oluugilu ul`x dgea. [n| g`h xbl nxblt xlgeblten|ch gitll n` xblolu un kx ku `nx m|ux hkue|uukn` nj uvntxu g`h xbl ylgxblt‘xlcckì# jnt lrgovcl# gdn|xybgx xbl{ gtl ux|h{kì k` unekgc ux|hklu g`h enovgtkì xbgx1 nt lrebgìkì k`jntogxkn` gdn|x e|ttl`xlzl`xu kj {n|t ux|hl`xu gtl nch l`n|ib xn dl gygtl nj unol nj xbnul. Xbl enoo|`kegxkn` ykcc d|kch n|x/ygth jtno xbltl g`h {n| ykcc jk`h xbgx `ly khlgu ykcc enol |v.

7:



Vcg``kì Itlgx Jklch Xtkvu

Bny eg` K ogal n|t jklch xtkvu u|eeluuj|c>

Gùylt

G` kovntxg`x hkolùkn` nj ogakì clgt`kì enol gckzl jnt ux|hl`xu ku xbl k`xlitgxkn` nj hkjjltl`x ak`hu njjklch xtkvu k`xn xlgebkì. D|x jklch xtkvu gtl n`c{ yntxbybkcl kj xbl{ gtl "7+ ylcc vcg``lh# "4+ ylcc u|vltzkulh#g`h onux kovntxg`x "5+ xklh k`xn unol nìnkì |`kx nj kùxt|exkn`. Unol xkvu jnt bgzkì u|eeluuj|c jklch xtkvukèc|hl xbl jnccnykì=

7. Vtlvgtl {n|t ecguu d{ g+ enzltkì xbl en`xl`x nj ybgx xbl{ ykcc ull n` xbl jklch xtkv "l.i.# g o|ul|o+ g`hd+ hlzlcnvkì ykxb xblo unol al{ w|luxknù xn jk`h gùyltu jnt h|tkì xbl xtkv kxulcj.

4. Dl u|tl g vgtl`x vltokuukn` clxxlt ku hkuxtkd|xlh g`h encclexlh dgea.5. Ykxb xbl ux|hl`xu# tlzkly xbl tlgunù jnt xbl xtkv# hkue|uu xbl dlbgzknt ybkeb {n| gu g xlgeblt lrvlex nj

xblo gu tlvtlul`xgxkzlu nj xbl uebnnc# lrvcgk` k` ghzgèl g`{ itn|vkìu {n| yg`x ux|hl`xu xn |ul jnt nt/ig`k}kì xbloulczlu# en`xgex u|vltzkukì vgtl`xu# hlxltok`l yblxblt g`{ ghhkxkn`gc uvl`hkì on`l{ ykccdl |ulj|c# g`h hkue|uu gvvtnvtkgxl ecnxbkì. Gttgìl jnt xtgùvntxgxkn` ykxb xbl uebnnc‛u ghok`kuxtgxnt.

8. Dl u|tl xbl znc|`xlltu blcvkì {n| u|vltzkul gtl jgokckgt ykxb ybgx {n| lrvlex gu ylcc ykxb xbl jgekckx{{n| gtl inkì xn zkukx. Xbl{# xnn# og{ blcv k` xbl xlgebkì vtneluu.

<. Vcg` {n|t ny` vgealx‘jktux/gkh akx# dgualx jnt c| eblu# ckux nj loltil e{ vbn`l |odltu# elcc/vbn`l`|odltu# g`h blgh en|`xu.

:. Nèl xbl xtkv ku jk`kublh# dl u|tl xbgx lkxblt n` xbl ugol hg{ dgea k` xbl ecguutnno nt gx xbl cgxlux xbl zlt{`lrx hg{# {n| hn g hldtkljkì ykxb xbl ux|hl`xu‘ybgx hkh xbl{ ull# ybgx w|luxknù hkh xbl{ jk`h gùyltujnt# ybgx `ly w|luxknù hkh xbl{ hlzlcnv# g`h ybgx yltl xblkt u|tvtkulu h|tkì xbl zkukx. Xkl xblul lrvltk/

lèlu dgea k`xn xbl |`kx xbgx ku nìnkì# l.i.# unekgc ux|hklu.9. Tljclex n` xbl xtkv gu g ybncl# xbkàkì gdn|x ybgx yl`x ylcc# ybgx en|ch bgzl dll` hn l dlxxlt nt hkjjlt/

l`xc{# g`h bny {n| yn|ch egtt{ n|x g ukokcgt xtkv k` xbl j|x|tl.

Bkccog`# E. "4668# Uvtkì+. Olg`kìj|c Jklch Xtkvu. Xbl @ly Xlgeblt Ghznegxl# :/9. "Gzgkcgdcl jtno xbl AgvvgHlcxg Vk Bn`nt Uneklx{ Qyyy.ahv.nti_+

79



Uvlekgc U|dmlexu g`h Hlgj Lh|egxkn`

K` vtlvgtkì xn dlenol g A/74 Hlgj Lh|egxkn` K`xltzl`xkn` Uvlekgckux# K bgzl jn|`h xbltl ku `n vtlvgtgxkn` k` xbl gtlg nj uvlekgc u|dmlexu "l.i.# gtx# o|uke# vb{ukegc lh|egxkn`+. Gtl xbltl e|ttl`xc{ g`{ vtnitgou hluki`lh xn ghhtluu xbnul gtlgu jnt hlgj lh|egxntu> Kj `nx# gtl xbltl g`{ dlkì hlzlcnvlh>

Gùylt

[n| gtl guakì g` kovntxg`x w|luxkn`. Onux hlgj lh|egxkn` vtnitgou bgzl u|eb ckokxlh xkol k` xblkt vtn/itgo xbl{ bgzl hkjjke|cx{ jkxxkì k` gcc nj xbl geghloke gtlgu g`h hlgj lh|egxkn` olxbnhncni{. Xbl gtlgu {n|ol`xkn`# ybkeb gtl kovntxg`x xn g ylcc/tn|`hlh geghloke vtnitgo g`h ybkeb gtl k`hllh cljx |`xn|eblh d{og`{ vtnitgou# gtl u|vvnulh xn dl enzltlh d{ xbl vtlvgtgxkn` xbgx j|x|tl hlgj lh. xlgebltu tlelkzl dljntlxbl{ l`xlt hlgj lh|egxkn`//k` nxblt ynthu# xblkt tli|cgt/lh|egxkn` vtlvgtgxkn`. Bnylzlt# unol uxgxlu hn `nx

tlw|ktl xbgx g hlgj lh. xlgeblt gcun bgzl vtlvgtgxkn` k` tli|cgt lh|egxkn`1 k` xbnul egulu# kx ku xbl` kè|odl`x|vn` xbl `ly xlgeblt xn vgtxkekvgxl k` yntaubnvu nt lzl` en|tulu xn blcv jkcc k` gtlgu nj `llh jnt ybkeb xbl{hkh `nx ilx uvlekjke vtlvgtgxkn`. G`nxblt uxtgxli{ ku jnt xbl `ly xlgeblt xn khl`xkj{ g ol`xnt//g` lrvltklèlhjlccny vtnjluukn`gc//|vn` ybno xn hlvl`h jnt i|khgèl k` og`{ gtlgu# kèc|hkì g`{ e|ttke|c|o gtlgu k`ybkeb xbl `ly xlgeblt jllcu `nx ylcc vtlvgtlh. Xbl cgxlux tl/g|xbntk}gxkn` nj xbl K`hkzkh|gcu ykxb HkugdkckxkluLh|egxkn` Gex "KHLG+ ubn|ch dl eblealh xn ull ybgx ebgìlu og{ dl tlw|ktlh xn dl kovclol`xlh k` xbku gtlg.

O|uke ykxb Ebkchtl` ybn gtl Hlgj

Eg` o|uke dl |ulh ykxb ebkchtl` ybn gtl hlgj>

Gùylt

Xbl gùylt ku g hljk`kxl –[lu'‟ K |ul o|uke gu g dtkhil xn xlgeb Lìckub g`h Goltkeg` Uki` Cgì|gil.

7. Ulclex g unì g`h x{vl xbl c{tkeu. Hkuxtkd|xl g env{ xn lgeb ux|hl x. Tlgh lgeb ck`l xn hlxltok l xbl olg`/kì. Hkue|uu xbl` xtgùcgxl xn GUC. Xbku ku hn`l jnt xbl enovclxl unì. Vcgel xbl c{tkeu n` g` nzltblgh vtn/

mlexnt ybkcl unìu gtl dlkì clgt`lh.4. Ckuxl xn xbl unì n` {n|t EH nt xgvl eguulxxl tlenthlt. Ogxeb xbl ukiù xn xbl tb{xbo g`h dlgx. Ebgìl

xbl ulclexkn` nj ukiù# kj `llhlh# ogakì u|tl xbl k`xl`x g`h olg`kì ku `nx cnux.5. @ny {n| gtl tlgh{ jnt ebntlnitgvb{' Ghh hg el uxlvu g`h onzlu. Xt{ g en`xgikn`/tkvvcl ljjlex inkì

jtno cljx xn tkibx. Kj {n| bgzl l`n|ib ux|hl`xu |ul xyn tnyu. Bgzl xbl jtn`x tny onzl xn xbl dgea nt uvckxk`xn xyn itn|vu# cljx g`h tkibx gcxlt`gxkì g`h uki`kì xn lgeb nxblt. Dl etlgxkzl'

8. @ny xbgx {n| bgzl g unì tlgh{# ybgx hn {n| hn> N|t uebnnc ku gcyg{u v|xxkì n` vtnitgou jnt bnckhg{uxbtn|ibn|x xbl {lgt. Vcg` gblgh. [n|t unì eg` jkx xbl xblol nj n`l nj {n|t uebnnc vtnitgou. Xt{ enccgdn/tgxkì ykxb g`nxblt xlgeblt. Kj {n| xlgeb nchlt ux|hl`xu# vltjnto jnt g {n|ìlt ecguu. Xgal {n|t ecguu k`xnxbl enoo|`kx{. Dl i|lux vtlul`xltu jnt g blgtkì ecguu. Blcl` Alcclt ku |u|gcc{ ux|hklh k` xbl 4`h g`h 5thitghlu. Og`{ ebkchtl` bgzl `nx bgh xbl vtkzkclil nj ollxkì g vltun` ybn ku hlgj.

Vltjntokì unìu kovtnzlu Lìckub uakccu g`h vtnzkhlu nvvntx|`kxklu jnt kovtnzlh ulcj/luxllo. Kx xgaluen|tgil xn vltjnto n` uxgil k` jtn`x nj xbl ux|hl`x dnh{'

72



Hlgj E|cx|tl

Ybgx ku xbl vcgel# kj g`{# jnt Hlgj E|cx|tl k` xbl e|ttke|c|o>

7;

Gùylt

Hlgj E|cx|tl bgu g zkxgc vcgel k` xbl e|ttke|c|o jnt xlgebkì ux|hl`xu ybn gtl hlgj g`h bgth nj blgtkì. Xbltkeb xtghkxknù nj xbl Hlgj Enoo|`kx{‘kxu bkuxnt{# uxntklu# b|ont# bltnlu# vnlxt{# dlbgzkntgc `ntou# g`hontl‘gtl kovntxg`x gu olgù jnt d|kchkì vtkhl g`h ulcj/luxllo k` {n|t ux|hl`xu. Un|telu gtl gzgkcgdcl jntxblul khlgu. G yn`hltj|c tlun|tel en|ch dl `lgtd{ Hlgj gh|cxu "xlgebltu g`h nxbltu jtno xbl cnegc enoo|/`kx{+ ybn en|ch dl k`zkxlh k`xn {n|t ecguutnno xn xlgeb g`h ubgtl xblul gtlgu nj a`nyclhil.



Xlgebkì Vtluebnncltu

Bny okibx g vtluebnnc xlgeblt nj xbl hlgj hn g` gexkzkx{ k` lgeb nj xbl jnccnykì jn|t gtlgu= Tlghkì xn Ux|hl`xu# Cgì|gilLrvltklèl# K`hlvl`hl`x Tlghkì# g`h Hkgcni|l Mn|t`gcu>

46

Gùylt

Tlghkì xn Ux|hl`xu/tlgh $xtghl$ dnnau jnt 7< ok`|xlu gjxlt c|èb lzlt{ hg{1 xbl xlgeblt bgu xn tlgh. Xt{env{kì g ulexkn` n` g xtgùvgtlè{ g`h tlgh kx ykxb ux|hl`xu |ukì GUC//ux|hl`xu tlgh ukcl`xc{ jktux g`h xbl`lrvcgk` xbl ul`xlèl k` GUC xn zltkj{ |`hltuxg`hkì.

Cgì|gil Lrvltklèl/gjxlt# jnt lrgovcl# g jklch xtkv# xgal ghzg`xgil nj xbl lzl`x d{ bgzkì xbl ux|hl`xu

ytkxl gdn|x xblkt tlel`x lrvltklèl. \ukì g dki vklel nj d|cclxk` dngth vgvlt# hn g vtl/ytkxkì gexkzkx{ ykxbulw|lèkì nj khlgu# g`h xbl` xgal x|tù bgzkì ux|hl`xu uki` n`l ul`xlèl xn {n|. Ytkxl ybgx xbl{ ug{# xbl`vnux kx k` xbl bgccyg{ jnt nxbltu xn tlgh.

K`hlvl`hl`x Tlghkì /g itlgx vtnitgo egcclh Dnna Kx' ku uvnùntlh d{ Vk}}g B|x "yyy.dnnakxvtnitgo.eno+. Xbl xlgeblt hlxltok`lu bny og`{ dnnau nt vgilu ykcc dl tlgh d{ xbl l`h nj xbl on`xb. Kj xbl ux|hl`xtlgeblu xbl ingc# blubl ilxu g jtll vltun`gc vk}}g en|vn`1 xbl jgokc{ inlu n|x xn lgx g`h xbl ux|hl`x‛u kuJTLL dleg|ul xbl{)zl lgt`lh kx. Gcun# og`{ xlgebltu ikzl g tli|cgt gon|`x nj xkol k` ecguu jnt ux|hl`xu xntlgh ukcl`xc{1 xbl{ xbl` ubgtl xblkt tlghkì ykxb nxblt ux|hl`xu cgxlt.

Hkgcni|l Mn|t`gcu/vguu n|x g` gtxkecl xn ux|hl`xu1 ux|hl`xu ytkxl xblkt tljclexkn` n` kx ykxb g ubntx u|oogt{.Xbl` lkxblt vlltu nt xbl xlgeblt enool`x n` xbl tljclexknù. Xt{ `nx xn |ul xbku xkol jnt itgoogxkegc eno/ol`xu |`cluu xbl ux|hl`xu tlw|lux kx//xbku ku xbl nvvntx|`kx{ jnt ux|hl`xu xn lrvtluu xblkt xbn|ibxu ykxbn|xol`xgc dgttkltu. N`l t|cl h|tkì xbku xkol ku xbgx ux|hl`xu eg`)x xgca nt uki` ybl` xbl{ gtl |ukì xbl hkgcni|l

mn|t`gcu. Xbl{ o|ux YTKXL xblkt xbn|ibxu. Enoo|`kegxkn` eg` dl ux|hl`x/xn/ux|hl`x nt ux|hl`x/xn/xlgeblt.

Vtluebnnc K`xltzl`xkn`

Kj {n| gtl yntakì k` g vtluebnnc k`xltzl`xkn` vtnitgo# bny hn {n| ogal vgtl`xu jllc enojntxgdcl g`h blcv xblo hlgc ykxbhbb kuu|lu> Gcun# kx ku xbl vgtl`x)u ebnkel xn ebnnul g enoo|`kegxkn` onhl jnt xblkt ebkch# d|x bny hn {n| blcv xblo>

Gùylt

G vtnitgo egcclh UAK-BK ku g vgtl`x/k`jg`x vtnitgo jnt dktxb xn gil jkzl. Xbl vgtl`x ghzkunt inlu k`xn xblbnol nèl g ylla. Cluunù n` blgtkì gkhu# enoo|`kegxkn` olxbnhu# g|hkxnt{ xtgk`kì# lxe.# gtl ubgtlh ykxbxbl vgtl`xu. Kj xbku vtnitgo ku `nx gzgkcgdcl k` {n|t gtlg# xbl` ubgtl gu o|eb k`jntogxkn` gu {n| eg` ykxb vgt/l`xu xn blcv xblo ogal g ykul hlekukn`. Gcun# {n| en|ch bgzl vgtl`xu ollx g hlgj vltun` ybn |ulu ukiù g`hg`nxblt ybn hnlu `nx# g`h gua lgeb vltun` xn ikzl bkublt vltuvlexkzl n` ckjl g`h lh|egxkn`.



Gùylt

N`l nj xbl dkiilux ebgcclìlu jnt xlgebltu nj ebkchtl` ybn gtl hlgj g`h bgth nj blgtkì ku xn hluki` guuluu/ol`xu xbgx gtl gx xbl ugol xkol lw|kxgdcl g`h enovtlblùkzl. Enovtlbl ukzl olgù enzltkì gcc nj xbltlclzg`x enèlvxu g`h jgexu xbgx n`l yg`xu xn guuluu# g`h `nx `liclexkì g`{ gtlgu. Lw|kxgdcl ku w|kxl g`nxbltogxxlt. Og`{ nj xbl guuluuol`xu vtnzkhlh lrxlt`gcc{//uxg`hgthk}lh xluxu# luvlekgcc{//etlgxl uvlekgc dgttkltujnt ebkchtl` ybn gtl hlgj g`h bgth nj blgtkì# un lrxtg egtl `llhu xn dl xgal` xn ogal u|tl xbl guuluuol`xkxlou gtl j|cc{ GEELUUKDCL.

Xbltl gtl ulzltgc xluxu xn ybkeb g`{ ytkxxl` guuluuol`x ubn|ch dl u|dmlexlh. Xblul xluxu kèc|hl gznkh/gèl nj xbl |ul nj khknogxke cgì|gil# xn ybkeb g hlgj vltun` yn|ch bgzl `n geeluu1 gznkhgèl nj cnxu nju|dnthk`gxl ecg|ulu lodlhhlh ykxbk` ul`xlèlu1 vtnzkukn` nj l`n|ib en`xlrx jnt o|cxkvcl/ebnkel kxlou//hlgj xlux/xgaltu `llh ontl xbg` blgtkì xlux/xgaltu k` nthlt xn luxgdckub xbl en`xlrx k` ybkeb xn gùylto|cxkvcl/ebnkel kxlou1 g`h gznkhgèl nj cny/jtlw|l e{ ynthu ybkeb xbl hlgj xlux/xgalt og{ ylcc `nx bgzllèn|`xltlh.

Xbl t|cl# xbl`# ku xn $clzlc xbl vcg{kì jklch$ un g xlux nj# jnt lrgovcl# en`xl`x k` ogxb# unekgc ux|hklu# ntueklèl# hnlu `nx dlenol g xlux nj xbl xlux/xgalt)u gdkckxklu k` xbl Lìckub cgì|gil# d|x kùxlgh ku g hktlexguuluuol`x nj xbl gex|gc en`xl`x. Nj en|tul# kj xbl v|tvnul nj xbl xlux ku xn guuluu xbl a`nyclhil g`h uakccnj Lìckub# xbl`# jnt lrgovcl# khknou okibx vcg{ g tncl//d|x n`c{ kj xbl xlgeblt ku k`xltluxlh k` xluxkì JNTxbgx.

G ybncl ulvgtgxl gvvtngeb# tgxblt xbg` ghgvxkì ytkxxl` xluxu# ku xn |ul gcxlt`gxkzl olxbnhu//t|dtkeugvvcklh xn unol ux|hl`x vtnh|ex# ndultzgxkn` uegclu# k`xltgexkzl k`xltzklyu# g`h xbl ckal. Tlolodlt# xbl

t|cl ku xn ogal xbl guuluuol`x ogxltkgc j|cc{ GEELUUKDCL g`h JGKT nt LW\KXGDCL.

47

Ux|hl`x Guuluuol`x

Ybgx ubn|ch K dl gygtl nj ybl` enùkhltkì guuluuol`x jnt o{ ux|hl`xu>



44

Uxtgxliklu g`h Gexkzkxklu

Hn {n| bgzl g`{ ecguutnno og`gilol`x gexkzkxklu nt uxtgxliklu>

Gùylt

Xbltl gtl og`{ uxtgxliklu ybkeb eg` dl u|eeluuj|c. Yl vtlul`x g jly bltl.

Xbl Ogtdcl Mgt

\ul g ogtdcl mgt k` xbl ecguutnno xn lèn|tgil innh dlbgzknt. G ogtdcl ku gygthlh xn g` k`hkzkh|gcux|hl`x nt xbl ybncl ecguu jnt jnccnykì ecguu t|clu. \ul# jnt lrgovcl# g vk`x/uk}lh mgt1 ybl` xbl ckh uvkù g`h`n cnìlt itkvu {n| a`ny xbl mgt ku –j|cc‟. G innh dlbgzknt vgtx{ bgu dll lgt`lh. Ux|hl`xu ilx g jtll

vltknh xn lgx vnvent` g`h vcg{ cgì|gil/ntkl xlh igolu ckal M|`knt Uetgddcl.Gx xbl dlik``kì nj xbl uebnnc {lgt ikzl n|x ogtdclu ckal etg}{' [n| yg`x xbl t|clu xn dl kìtgk`lh g`h xn

tlk`jntel vnukxkzl dlbgzkntu. Kj {n| ull xbl ecguu ku cgiikì nt `nx vg{kì gxxl`xkn`# bnch |v g ogtdcl g`h ug{#jnt lrgovcl# –Xbl jktux ux|hl x ybn x|tù xn vgil 724 k` {n|t xlrxdnna ilxu xbku ogtdcl'‟ Dn{# hn xblux|hl`xu enol gckzl'

Gx xbl l`h nj g cluun` {n| okibx tlzkly xbl ecguu t|clu xn hlxltok`l kj g ogtdcl ygu lgt`lh. Ygu lzlt{n`lw|klx> Hkh lzlt{n`l tgkul xblkt bg`h xn uvlga> Hkh lzlt{n`l vg{ gxxl`xkn`> Ygu lzlt{n`l tluvlexj|c>Lovbguk}l xbgx# gx xbku xkol# xbl ybncl ecguu lgt`lh xbl ogtdcl# `nx m|ux n`l k`hkzkh|gc.

N`l yg{ xn lèn|tgil innh itghlu gcun tlk`jntelu xbl enèlvx nj xbl ogtdcl mgt. \ukì g uogcc gtlg gdnzlxbl ebgcadngth |ul g il`ltgc xblol l.i.# jtniu g`h ckc{ vghu. Lgeb ebkch ytkxlu xblkt `gol n` g jtni. Xbltlgtl ulzl` dcgea hnxu dlxyll` lgeb ckc{ vgh. Ybl` g ux|hl`x ogalu g` G n` g xlux bku jtni m|ovu jtno n`lhnx xn xbl `lrx. Ybl` g jtni cg`hu n` g ckc{ vgh g ogtdcl ku lgt`lh jnt xbl ogtdcl mgt' Nxblt xblolu en|ch

dl hniu ebgukì egxu# jnnxdgcc vcg{ltu t|``kì xbl jklch# nt hk`nug|tu g`h xgt vkxu. \ul {n|t kogik`gxkn` g`hybgx uvgtau g` k`xltlux k` {n|t ux|hl`xu.

Ckà U{uxlo

Xbl Ckà U{uxlo ku g ecguutnno og`gilol`x xnnc xbgx v|xu xbl tluvnùkdkckx{ nj dlbgzknt dgea n` xblux|hl`xu. Kx lckok gxlu xbl `llh xn –j|uu‟ gx xbl ux|hl`xu. Ogal g ebgtx |ukì xbtll ukovcl ynthu= ygca#xgca# xn|eb1 xbl` xbl `|odltu 7# 4# 5# 8# < gx xbl dnxxno nj xbl ebgtx. Ux|hl`xu o|ux tgkul xblkt bg`h xn ygca"l.i.# in xn vlèkc ubgtvl`lt# dgxbtnno# lxe.+. Xbku ykcc lckok`gxl hkut|vxknù ybl` ux|hl`xu ilx n|x nj xblktulgxu ykxbn|x vltokuukn`. Ux|hl`xu o|ux tgkul xblkt bg`h xn xgca "k.l.# xn xbl xlgeblt h|tkì ecguu vgtxkekvg/xkn` gu ylcc gu xn nxblt ux|hl`xu h|tkì xbl hg{+. Xbku lckok`gxlu lreluu ebgxxlt gonìux xbl ux|hl xu.Ux|hl`xu o|ux tgkul xblkt bg`h xn xn|eb "l.i.# xn xgv g`nxblt ux|hl`x nt xn|eb unoln`l‛u hlua nt dlcnìkìu+.

Ybl` g ux|hl`x ku dtlgakì n`l nj xbl xbtll t|clu# xbl xlgeblt ogalu l{l en`xgex ykxb xbl ux|hl`x g`h xblètnuulu n|x xbl `|odlt <. Xbku ykcc en`xk`|l xbtn|ibn|x xbl hg{# etnuukì n|x xbl `lrx `|odlt gu t|clu gtldtnal`. [n| ykcc unn` jk`h xbgx ux|hl`xu tlvtkog`h lgeb nxblt. Gx xbl l`h nj xbl hg{ en|`x xbl `|odltu cljxg`h xbgx ku bny og`{ ckàu xbl ux|hl`xu bgzl lgt`lh xbgx hg{. Gxxgeb xbl ckàu xn xbl elkckì nj {n|t ecguu/tnno. Ybl` xbl ckàu xn|eb xbl jcnnt# {n|t ux|hl`xu bgzl lgt`lh g tlygth nj {n|t ebnnukì. Unol xlgebltugccny xbl ux|hl`xu xn ygxeb g ecnulh/egvxkn`lh onzkl jtno Egvxkn`lh Olhkg Vtnitgo "yyy.ejz.nti+#nxbltu gccny vnvent` nt igolu jnt g uvlekjke `|odlt nj ok`|xlu.



Tlh Ckibx# Itll` Ckibx

Xbl tlh ckibx# itll` ckibx u{uxlo ku dgulh n` g xtgjjke ckibx. Xbku ecguutnno og`gilol`x xnnc yntau ylccjnt {n|ìlt ebkchtl`. Ytkxl lgeb ebkch‛u `gol n` g ecnxbluvk` nt cgok`gxlh k`hlr egth ykxb Zlcetn n` xbldgea. Ybl` xbl ebkch ku jnccnykì ecguu t|clu# bku `gol ku n` xbl itll` ckibx. Gjxlt xyn ygt kìu# xbl `golku vcgelh n` xbl {lccny ckibx lkxblt d{ xbl ux|hl`x nt xbl xlgeblt. Kj xbl ebkch en`xk`|lu xn dl |ènnvltgxkzl#bku `gol ku vcgelh n` xbl tlh ckibx g`h g vtkzkclil u|eb gu tleluu ku xgal` gyg{. Gcc `golu dlik` n` itll`ckibx lgeb hg{.

Xbl On`l{ U{uxlo

Xbl on`l{ u{uxlo yntau ylcc jnt lclol`xgt{ ux|hl`xu. Kx gcun eg` dl k`xlitgxlh ykxb xbl e|ttke|c|oybl` ux|h{kì len`nokeu. [n| yg`x xn dl vtn/gexkzl g`h ulx |v {n|t ux|hl`xu jnt u|eeluu. Hlxltok`l gulx gon|`x nj –on`l{‟ lgeb ebkch eg` lgt` hgkc{. [n| eg` |ul vcg{ on l{ nt On`nvnc{ on`l{. Kj vnuukdcl#bgzl xbl uebnnc uletlxgt{ dl xbl –dgàlt‟ g`h hlxltok`l g ulx xkol ybl` xbl ux|hl`xu eg` hlvnukx xblktlgt`kìu. Ux|hl`xu eg` in ubnvvkì nèl g ylla nt dkyllac{. @nx gcc kxlou `llh dl xgìkdcl. Dtgkùxntoykxb xbl ux|hl`xu xbkìu xbl{ yn|ch ckal xn hn u|eb gu ukx k` xbl xlgeblt‛u ebgkt nt lgx c|èb ykxb g jtkl`h.N`l xlgeblt clx xbl ux|hl`xu lgt` ygxlt dgccnnù gcc {lgt1 gx xbl l`h nj xbl uebnnc {lgt ecguu vke`ke# ux|hl`xubgh g itlgx xkol xbtnykì xblkt ygxlt dgccnnù gx xbl xlgeblt' Kj {n|t uebnnc bgu g egt`kzgc# xbl ux|hl`xu eg`lgt` xkealxu xn vcg{ igolu nt d|{ innhklu. Nxblt u|iiluxknù kèc|hl htgykì n` xbl ebgcadngth# dl jktux k`ck`l# hn n`c{ bgcj nj xbl ogxb guukiòl`x# ebnnul g`{ ecguu mnd jnt xbl ylla nt hn gcc xbl ecguu mndu jnt xblhg{# ytkxl k` kà jnt xbl hg{# |ul xbl xlgeblt‛u tnealt jnt xbl hg{# xgal bnol g ecguu igol jnt xbl `kibx# nt dlxbl clghlt nj g ecguu igol.

45

Allvkì Ux|hl`x Gxxl`xkn`

Bny hn yl allv xbl gxxl`xkn` nj ux|hl`xu ybn gtl hlgj g`h bgth nj blgtkì>

Gùylt

Allvkì xbl ux|hl`xu) gxxl`xkn` ku XBL ebgcclìl ku`)x kx>' Kj xbl{ gtl `nx cnnakì# xbl{ gtl `nx clgt`kì.

․ \ul g dlbgzknt onhkjkegxkn` olxbnh ykxb ogtdclu# gu hluetkdlh lgtcklt k` xbku ulexkn`. Jnt lrgovcl# bnch|v g ogtdcl g`h ug{ –xbl jktux vltun` xn jk`h vgil 54< k` xbl xlrxdnna ykcc ilx xbl ogtdcl‟ nt –xbl jktuxvltun` xn jk`h xbl 5 ak`hu nj tneau k` xblkt Ueklèl jnchlt ykcc ilx xbl ogtdcl.‟ Ux|hl`xu ykcc b|uxcl' Xblogtdcl inlu k`xn g uogcc mgt. Ybl` xbl ogtdcl mgt ku j|cc xbl ecguu ilxu g $innh dlbgzknt$ vgtx{. Xbkuolgù n`l vltknh "8</<6 ok`|xlu+ nj jtll xkol g`h bgzkì unolxbkì innh xn lgx l.i.# vnvent`. Xbl `lgxxbkì gdn|x xbku olxbnh ku {n| eg` tlygth `nx n`c{ n`l ebkch d|x xbl ybncl ecguu eg` lgt` g ogtdcl. K`xbl ecnu|tl xn g cluun` {n| eg` gua xbl ybncl ecguu# $Hkh {n| vg{ gxxl`xkn` ylcc> Hkh {n| ennvltgxl> Hkh{n| lgt` g ogtdcl>$

Uxtgxliklu g`h Gexkzkxklu "en`xk`|lh+



48

Allvkì Ux|hl`x Gxxl`xkn` "en`xk`|lh+

․ \ul g` K@N\X eg`. Bgzl xyn egù# n`l cgdlclh K@ g`h g`nxblt cgdlclh N\X. Gcc ux|hl`xu) `golu ink`xn xbl K@ eg`. Ybl` {n| gtl ebleakì bnolynta nt hnkì W * G# v|cc g `gol jtno xbl K@ eg`. Xbgxvltun` bgu xn gùylt xbl w|luxkn`. Xbgx `gol xbl` inlu k`xn xbl N\X eg`. Xbku en`xk`|lu |`xkc lzlt{n`lbgu bgh g ebgèl xn gùylt. Xbku tlgcc{ yntau dleg|ul `n n`l a`nyu ybl` xblkt `gol ykcc dl `lrx. Kx kugcun zlt{ jgkt. Yl xl`h xn egcc n` xbl ugol akhu nzlt g`h nzlt1 xbku gvvtngeb lzlù xbkìu n|x. Xbku ku gitlgx olxbnh# xnn# ybl` xbl vtkèkvgc `llhu blcv nt {n| `llh g` lttg`h. M|ux v|cc g `gol'

․ Ecguutnno Ulx|v= Uvgel g`h zkukdkckx{ gtl xyn ogk` enovn`l`xu k` ulxxkì |v {n|t ecguutnno j|`.Ux|hl`xu `llh xbl zkukdkckx{ jnt enoo|`kegxkn` v|tvnulu. Uvgel ku `leluugt{ jnt enùxg`x onzlol`x jntgcc ak`hu nj gexkzkxklu.

․ Cluun` Kovclol`xgxknù= Ux|hl`x ndmlexkzlu g`h xlgeblt lrvlexgxknù ubn|ch dl eclgtc{ vtlul`xlh.

Clex|tl xkol ubn|ch xgal `n ontl xbg` 76 / 7< ok`|xlu jnccnykì g tlclzg`x g`h olg`kìj|c gexkzkx{vtnmlex. Xkol dlxyll` gexkzkxklu eg` dl ok`kok}lh xn tlh|el hkuxtgexknù.

Dl u|tl xn eblea n|x nxblt ecguutnno og`gilol`x u{uxlou g`h xleb`kw|lu1 xlgeblt yntaubnvu gtl njxl`vtlul`xlh n` xblul. [n|t uebnnc/ykhl vcg` jnt dlbgzknt og`gilol`x ubn|ch dl g`nxblt un|tel xn blcv {n|.



Ux|hl`xu ybn gtl Ol`xgcc{ Tlxgthlh

Gu g ux|hl`x xlgeblt# K go yntak i n` g xbtll/ylla k`xltzl`xkn` vcg` jnt g ux|hl`x ybn bgu okch ol`xgc tlxgthgxkn`. K goxt{kì xn ynta n` hkjjltl`x xlgebkì uxtgxliklu g`h ux{clu k` nthlt xn ikzl blt xbl dlux kùxt|exkn` vnuukdcl. Bnylzlt# K gobgzkì hkjjke|cx{ jk`hkì o|eb ckxltgx|tl n` bny xn xlgeb ebkchtl` ybn gtl hlgj g`h ybn bgzl okch ol`xgc tlxgthgxkn`. Ku xbltlg`{xbkì {n| yn|ch u|iilux tlghkì# g`{ybltl {n|)h u|iilux cnnakì jnt ogxltkgc# nt g`{ u|iiluxknù {n| bgzl {n|tulcj>

Gùylt

Yl gtl jk`hkì xbgx og`{ nj n|t ebkchtl` ybn gtl hlgj bgzl –vtndclou‟ nxblt xbg` m|ux hlgj`luu# d|x–Blgtkì/Kovgktlh‟ "nt vtljltgdc{ Hlgj nt Bgth nj Blgtkì+ ku ybgx {n| ull n` xblkt KLV‛u. Og`{ nj n|t ebkc/htl` bgzl tlxl`xkn` vtndclou nt gtl ucny clgt`ltu g`h `llh o|eb tlvlxkxkn` g`h bg`hu/n` gexkzkxklu xn dlxxltclgt` zgtkn|u enèlvxu. Gcun# yl gtl ullkì ontl dlbgzkntgc g`h lonxkn`gc vtndclou gcnì ykxb hlgj`luu. K

go `nx u|tl xbltl gtl g cnx nj dnnau ytkxxl` n` hlgj k`hkzkh|gcu ykxb ol`xgc tlxgthgxkn` d|x xlgebltu nj xblhlgj gtl oguxltu gx ghgvxgxkn` nj ogxltkgcu |ulh k` xbl tli|cgt lh. ecguutnno. [n| en|ch vtndgdc{ tlgh unolnj xbl Uvlekgc Lh. dnnau g`h ogal ghm|uxol`xu gu `llhlh. Xbltl ku g dki lovbguku n` ulcj blcv uakccu ckal |u/kìtlghkì g `lyuvgvlt g`h xlclvbn`l dnna# tlghkì cgdlcu n` jnnh nt ol`|u ckal OeHn`gch)u# g`h ogakìebgìl. Dlbgzknt og`gilol`x ku kovntxg`x# xnn. Og`{ ux|hl`xu `llh koolhkgxl tlygthu jnt lrbkdkxkì ent/tlex dlbgzknt1 xbl{ gtl ontl lrxtkùkegcc{ onxkzgxlh xbg` k`xtkùkegcc{ onxkzgxlh. Ebgtxu ykxb uxkealtu g`hlgt`kì vnk`xu xn in xn xbl ecguutnno $uxntl$ n` g yllac{ dguku gtl innh uxtgxliklu. G`nxblt ku xn |ul g uogccvk`x mgt g`h ybl` {n| yg`x xn tlygth xbl ybncl ecguu nt k`hkzkh|gc ux|hl`xu# ikzl ogtdclu. Ybl` xbl mgt kuj|cc nj ogtdclu xbl ecguu bgu lgt`lh g innh dlbgzknt vgtx{ l.i.# n`l jtll vltknh xn vcg{ cgì|gil ntkl`xlhigolu u|eb gu M|`knt Uetgddcl g`h lgx vnvent`.

G Vtluebnnclt ykxb @n Cgì|gil

K bgzl g xbtll/{lgt nch k` o{ ecguu ybn bgu m|ux uxgtxlh ylgtkì blgtkì gkhu g`h dlkì lrvnulh xn ukiù. Ubl n`c{ ylgtu xblgkhu gx uebnnc dleg|ul Ono hnlu`)x yg`x xn |vulx blt gx bnol. Ubl eg` znkel Ogog# g`h ubl ullou xn |`hltuxg`h g jly ukiùckal $v|x$# $lgx$# g`h $ubnl$# d|x ubl ku `nx {lx uki`kì xblo. O{ w|luxknù gtl= Bny eg` K u|vvntx blt ono k` clgt`kì g`h|ukì ukiù "K)zl ikzl` blt dnnau# njjltlh o{ xkol# lxe.+> Bny o|eb ubn|ch K jne|u n` g|hkxnt{ xtgk`kì> Bny eg` K ilx blt ono xn ilx xbl gkhu k`> Bny hn K blcv ulx |v g hlgj ol`xnt jnt blt>

Gùylt

Xbl UAK-BK vtnitgo ku g vgtl`x/k`jg`x vtnitgo jnt ebkchtl` ykxb blgtkì cnuu jtno dktxb xn gil jkzl. G

$vgtl`x ghzkunt$ inlu k`xn xbl bnol nèl g ylla. Ubl bgu g e|ttke|c|o g`h cluunù ubl jnccnyu. Xbltl ku g dkilovbguku n` blcvkì xbl vgtl`x g`h ebkch ilx |ulh xn xbl blgtkì gkh g`h bny xn uxgtx hlzlcnvkì cgì|gil.Jnt xbl ckxxcl n`lu xbltl ku g cnnv xbgx jkxu gtn|`h xbl lgt ybkeb blcvu bnch xbl blgtkì gkh k` vcgel. Kx ku zkxgcxbgx g|hkxnt{ xtgk`kì uxgtx gu unn` gu vnuukdcl1 xbl ebkch ubn|ch dl ylgtkì blt gkh gcc ygakì bn|tu. M|ux ckalicguulu# kx ubn|ch dl xbl jktux xbkì ubl v|xu n` k` xbl ont`kì. Kx ykcc xgal ghm|uxol`x jnt dnxb xbl ono g`hxbl ckxxcl n`l d|x yntxb xbl uxt|iicl. Xbltl gtl og`{ innh zkhlnu xbgx bgzl uki` cgì|gil cluunù. Xbku gu ylccgu xbl xlgeblt g`h dnnau ykcc blcv Ono clgt` uki` cgì|gil. Tkibx `ny ubl `llhu –u|tzkzgc$ ukiù//ukiù xbgxgtl nj |vvltonux kovntxgèl xn xbl ebkch u|eb gu ontl# dgxbtnno# okca. Ogal g ckux nj xbgx ak`h nj znegd|cgt{xn xlgeb jktux. Xbl khlg nj g hlgj ol`xnt ku lrelccl`x. Kj {n| en|ch bnna |v xbku ono ykxb g`nxblt ono ybnbgu gctlgh{ in`l xbtn|ib xbl lrvltklèl nj g {n|ì ebkch dlkì hkgi`nulh gu hlgj# xbku en|ch dl zlt{dl`ljkekgc. 4<



4:

Ux|hl`xu ybn gtl G|xkuxke

K e|ttl`xc{ bnch g ckelùl gu g` K`xltzl`xkn` Uvlekgckux jnt xbl HBB vnv|cgxkn` A/74. O{ u|vltzkunt bgu gualh kj K yn|chdl ykcckì xn xgal k`xn o{ ulcj/en`xgk`lh Lìckub ecguu g`nxblt ux|hl`x ybn ku `nx hlgj nt bgth nj blgtkì d|x bgu g|xkuo g`h

vnuukdc{ nxblt hlzlcnvol`xgc hlcg{u. Ubl gualh ol dleg|ul ubl jllcu bl ku gx gdn|x xbl ugol geghloke clzlc gu o{ ux|hl`xu. GoK xleb`kegcc{ gccnylh xn bgzl bko k` o{ ecguu ukèl K go `nx ckelùlh uvlekjkegcc{ jnt uvlekgc lh|egxkn` k` xbgx gtlg> K ygu `nxu|tl bny xbku yntau `ny xbgx xlgebltu gtl u|vvnulh xn dl bkibc{ w|gckjklh# g`h k` bku ukx|gxkn` K jllc K go `nx bkibc{ w|gckjklh.

Gùylt

Xbku w|luxkn` ku dlux gùyltlh jtno xbl vltuvlexkzl nj xbl g|xkuxke ebkch. G ux|hl`x ykxb g|xkuo bgu uvlekgc`llhu. Ku xbku vcgelol`x k` xbl dlux k`xltlux nj xbku ebkch ykxb g|xkuo> Ybgx nxblt nvxknù hnlu xbl hkuxtkexbgzl> Ykcc g n`l/n`/n`l guukuxg`x dl vtnzkhlh> Bny og`{ hlgj ebkchtl` gtl k` {n|t ecguu> Bny yn|ch xbku

ebkch gjjlex xbl clgt`kì nj xbl ux|hl`xu ybn gtl hlgj>Ybkcl Hlgj Lh|egxkn` enolu |`hlt xbl cgtil il`ltgc egxlint{ a`ny` gu Uvlekgc Lh|egxkn`# eltxkjkegxkn` nt

ckelù|tl k` hlgj lh|egxkn` ku @NX uvlekgc lh|egxkn` k` og`{ uxgxlu. G xlgeblt ykxb g Uvlekgc Lh|egxkn` hl/itll ku `llhlh k` xbku ukx|gxkn`‘unoln`l ybn bgu a`nyclhil nj xbl uvlekgc `llhu nj g ux|hl`x ykxb g|xkuo.

Kx yn|ch ullo {n| `llh xn k`znczl ulzltgc vlnvcl= {n|t ghok`kuxtgxnt k` xltou nj m|ux ybgx ku lrvlexlh jntxbku ebkch# kèc|hkì tlzklykì xbl ebkch‛u KLV# g`h xn ull kj xbltl ku g vnuukdkckx{ nj g` guukuxg`x jnt {n|1 g`h gvltun` ybn ku a`nyclhilgdcl gdn|x g|xkuo jnt {n| xn |ul gu g enù|cxg`x xn i|khl {n|. Ybkcl vcgekì ebkchtl`ykxb hkjjltl`x hkugdkckxklu k` xbl ugol ecguutnno ku hn`l# xbl xlgeblt ubn|ch bgzl geeluu xn lrvltxkul jnt bny xnbg`hcl xbl zgtkn|u uvlekgc `llhu.



Xbl Enebclgt Kovcg`xlh Ux|hl`x

Bny ubn|ch K hlgc ykxb g ux|hl`x ybn bgu g enebclgt kovcg`x>

49

Gùylt 7

Yl ull g` kètlgukì `|odlt nj ux|hl`xu ybn bgzl bgh enebclgt kovcg`xu# unol ontl u|eeluuj|c xbg` nxb/ltu. Xbku xtl`h ku lrvlexlh xn en`xk`|l g`h vtndgdc{ geelcltgxl gu xbl {lgtu vtnitluu. Kj {n| bgzl ux|hl`xu ykxbkovcg`xu k` {n|t ecguutnno# {n| ykcc `llh xn lù|tl xblul ux|hl`xu bgzl unol tli|cgtc{ vtnitgoolh ulvgtgxlkùxt|exkn` n` xbl |ul nj xblkt blgtkì g`h znkel jnt uvlleb g`h cgì|gil vtnh|exkn`. Bnylzlt# gx xbl ugolxkol# {n| gcun `llh xn lù|tl xbl{ bgzl g tli|cgt vcgel k` {n|t ecguutnno g`h hlzlcnv g`h |ul uakccu k`ZKU\GC cgì|gil# xnn. Kovcg`xu gtl `nx –e|tlu‟# g`h xbnul ux|hl`xu ykcc en`xk`|l xn dl`ljkx jtno g zku|gc# guylcc gu g|hkxnt{# l`zktnòl`x k` nthlt xn ogrkok}l xblkt clgt`kì vnxl`xkgc.

Gùylt 4

Ux|hl`xu ykxb enebclgt kovcg`xu `llh g|hkxnt{ gu ylcc gu zltdgc k`v|x. Unol ux|hl`xu `llh Goltkeg` Uki`Cgì|gil. Gcc nj xblul ux|hl`xu en|ch dl k` {n|t ecguu. Bny hn {n| ollx xbl hkzltul `llhu nj xblul hkjjltl xux|hl`xu> Kx ku vnuukdcl xn itn|v xbnul ybn `llh xbl ntgc gvvtngeb g`h xbnul ybn `llh xbl og`|gc gvvtngebjnt tlghkì kùxt|exkn`. [n| yn|ch xlgeb xbl ugol cluun` xn dnxb itn|vu. Ux|hl`xu ykxb enebclgt kovcg`xuyn|ch ilx xbl znegd|cgt{ g`h uxntklu ntgcc{. Xbl{ yn|ch tlgh n|x cn|h. Ux|hl`xu `llhkì GUC yn|ch clgt``ly znegd|cgt{ g`h tlgh xblkt uxntklu zkg uki` cgì|gil. Dnxb itn|vu yn|ch xgal xbl ytkxxl` xlux. Xbku ku jnttlghkì ecguu n`c{. [n| o|ux lèn|tgil dnxb itn|vu xn k`xltgex ykxb n`l g nxblt h|tkì xbl nxblt u|dmlexu gu{n| hn `nx yg`x eckw|lu gonì xbl ux|hl`xu.

Jkìlt Uvlcckì

Hn {n| xbkà jkìlt uvlcck i ubn|ch dl |ulh ykxb {n|ìlt ebkchtl`> Yb{ hn {n| xbkà jkìlt uvlcckì ku `nx |ulh gu njxl` k` GUC>

Gùylt 7

Yl tlenool`h jkìlt uvlcckì jnt lovbguku# ulvgtgxl jtno `golu nj vcgelu nt vlnvcl jnt ybno xbltl gtl`nx g`{ ukiù. \ul jkìlt uvlcckì xn d|kch znegd|cgt{1 jkìlt uvlcckì gcun blcvu jnt xbnul u{`n`{ou ybnul

ukiù gtl ukokcgt. Xb|u# jkìlt uvlcckì hljk`kxlc{ bgu g vcgel k` xlgebkì g`h kx yn|ch `nx dl enttlex xn ug{jkìlt uvlcckì ku htnvvkì njj k` zkly nj GUC |ugil//kx tlogkù zlt{ |ulj|c. K` jgex# kx ku luul`xkgc xbgx ux|hl`xug`h xlgebltu dl jc|l`x dnxb tlelvxkzlc{ g`h lrvtluukzlc{# ykxb g jne|u n` tlghkì xbl ybncl ynth g`h `nx n`lclxxlt gx g xkol. Uxgtxkì {n|ì ku etkxkegc.

Ykxb o|cxkvc{ hkugdclh ebkchtl`# n`l hnlu `nx jkìltuvlcc g itlgx hlgc |`cluu xbl ynthu gtl gcun uki`lh//yljk`h xbgx jkìlt uvlcckì hnlu `nx olg` g cnx xn u|eb ebkchtl`# lrelvx jnt ubntx ynthu ckal $d|u$ g`h $dgi$ybltl xbl ynth ku kovntxg`x xn xblo.



42

Jkìlt Uvlcckì "en`xk`|lh+

Gùylt 4

Jkìlt uvlcckì ku gvvtnvtkgxl g`h ubn|ch dl uxgtxlh lgtc{ jnt {n|ì ux|hl`xu. Ukiù dlenol $cng` ukiù$//ubgvlu nj jkìlt uvlcckì g`h onzlol`x. Ux|hl`xu ykcc lzl`x|gcc{ lznczl k`xn jkìlt uvlcckì j|cc ynthu g`h|ukì ukiù.

Uvlleb K`xlcckikdkckx{

K bgzl g ulzl`/{lgt/nch ux|hl`x ykxb g` JO hlzkel k` uvlleb xbltgv{# g`h n`l nj n|t ingcu ku xn kètlgul uvlleb k`xlcckikdkckx{.Bny eg` yl ynta n` jne|ukì bku gxxl`xkn` n` ulcj/jllhdgea>

Gùylt

Kj {n| gtl |ukì g` JO hlzkel# {n| eg` ug{ xbl un|`h jnt bko xn blgt g`h xbl` uykxeb g`h bgzl bko ug{ kxg`h blgt bkoulcj.

Dlik``kì g Uvlleb Uluukn`

Ybgx gtl unol khlgu jnt dlik``kì g uluukn` ykxb g uvlleb ux|hl`x ybn ku bkibc{ gexkzl>

Gùylt

Xt{ g`h hn ontl xbg` n`l gexkzkx{ k` g uluukn`. Gcun# xt{ |ukì g|hkn xgvlh un|`hu jnt hkuetkok`gxkn`vtgexkel. Ckxxcl n`lu ullo xn l`mn{ xbgx. Gcun |ul unol enov|xlt igolu1 ebkchtl` cnzl enov|xlt gexkzkxklu.\ul unol untx nj xnal` u{uxlo un bl ykcc dl gdcl xn ull bku ny` vtnitluu. Lzl` unolxbkì ukovcl# ckal g itgvb#ykcc ikzl bko jllhdgea bl eg` ull g`h ubny bko ingcu bl eg` tlgeb.

Kx yn|ch gcun dl ykul xn hkue|uu xbku ukx|gxkn` ykxb g uvlleb g`h cgì|gil uvlekgckux xtgk`lh xn ynta ykxbux|hl`xu ybn gtl hlgj g`h bgth nj blgtkì.



Kovtnzkì Xbkàkì Uakccu

Bny eg` K l`bgèl o{ ux|hl`xu‛ xbkàkì uakccu>

Hn Hlgj Vlnvcl Xbkà Ckal Blgtkì Vlnvcl>

Hn hlgj vlnvcl xbkà ckal blgtkì vlnvcl hn> Xbku w|luxkn` ygu gualh d{ unoln`l K a`ny# g`h K hkh`)x bgzl g vtnvlt tluvnùl.

Gùylt

Og`{ uebncgtu g`h tlulgtebltu bgzl v|}}clh nzlt xbl w|luxkn` nj bny hlgj g`h blgtkì vlnvcl‛u xbkàkìvtneluulu gtl xbl ugol g`h hkjjltl`x. Dnxb hlgj g`h blgtkì vlnvcl lrvtluu cgì|gil# yblxblt ntgc ntxbtn|ib/xbl/gkt# jtno xbl cgì|gil el`xltu cnegxlh k` xbl dtgk`‛u cljx blokuvbltl. N` xbl nxblt bg`h# xbltl kuunol lzkhlèl xbgx gcxbn|ib hlgj vlnvcl# ckal blgtkì vlnvcl# vtneluu cgì|gil k` xbl ugol yg{# hlgj vlnvcltlelkzl xbtn|ib/xbl/gkt cgì|gil k` xbl tkibx blokuvbltl dleg|ul nj xbl zku|gc enovn`l`x. G ecguuke ux|h{hn`l# ontl xbg` xyl`x{ {lgtu gin d{ \tu|cg Dlcc|ik k` Egckjnt`kg# ykxb hlgj uxtnal vgxkl`xu xbgx bgh cluknù n`hkjjltl`x vgtxu nj xblkt dtgk` ullolh xn luxgdckub xbku hkuxkèxkn`. Uki` cgì|gilu gcun uxt|ex|tl xbl lrvltklèlnj cgì|gil unolybgx hkjjltl`xc{ k` xltou nj lovbguk}kì xbl kovntxg`x khlg gx xbl dlik``kì g`h gigk` gxxbl l`h nj g ul`xlèl‘bnylzlt# xbku yn|ch `nx dl enùkhltlh g hkjjltlèl k` xbkàkì vlt ul# d|x tgxblt g

Gùylt

N`l nj xbl kovntxg`x enùkhltgxknù jnt gcc xlgebltu# kèc|hkì dlik``kì xlgebltu# ku bny xn l`bgèl xblxbkàkì uxtgxliklu xbgx ux|hl`xu |ul k` gcc gtlgu nj xbl e|ttke|c|o. Ybkcl g `|odlt nj v|dckublh xbkàkì/uakccu vtnitgou gtl gzgkcgdcl‘og`{ ykxb xbl lrvlexgxkn` nj uvlekgck}lh xlgeblt vtnjluukn`gc hlzlcnvol x‘xbltl gtl unol xleb`kw|lu xbgx xlgebltu eg` |ul koolhkgxlc{ ykxbn|x "nt k` ghhkxkn` xn+ xbl |ul nj g v|dckublhvtnitgo. Unol nj xblul xleb`kw|lu gtl=

7. Gttgìkì xbl ecguutnno ulgxkì k` g ulok/ektecl xn jgekckxgxl itn|v hkgcni|l‘itn|v hkue|uuknù gtl g al{xn jnuxltkì xbkàkì gx bkib clzlcu.

4. Guakì bkiblt/clzlc w|luxkn u1 dlik``kì w|luxknù o|eb ontl njxl` ykxb ynthu u|eb gu Yb{# Bny#Vclgul Lrvcgk` lxe.# tgxblt xbg` ykxb Ybgx# Ybl`# g`h Ybltl. Xbku vbtgukì jntelu ux|hl`xu xn xbkà.

5. \ukì ybgx yl a`ny gu –ygkx/xkol‟. Xbl tlulgteb ku eclgt xbgx kj g xlgeblt guau g ylcc/ynthlh w|luxkn`dgulh n` a`nyclhil xbgx ux|hl`xu bgzl# xbl cnìlt xbl xlgeblt ygkxu xbl dlxxlt xbl ebgèl nj ux|hl`xutluvn`hkì xbn|ibxj|cc{. N` xbl nxblt bg`h# ybl` yl gu xlgebltu itny |ènojntxgdcl ykxb `n ux|hl`xtluvnùlu xn g w|luxkn` g`h gùylt xbl w|luxkn` n|tulczlu xbl{ ilx xbl oluugil w|keac{ xbgx xbl{ hn`‛xtlgcc{ bgzl xn xbkà k` xbku ecguutnno dleg|ul xbl xlgeblt ykcc hn kx jnt xblo. Un# lzl` ygkxkì |v xn <ulen`hu njxl` vg{u njj.

K` xbl cnì xlto# bnylzlt# kx ku kovntxg`x xn ull kj {n|t uebnnc ykcc vgtxkekvgxl k` xbl vtnjluukn`gc hlzlcnv/

ol`x xbgx inlu ykxb ghnvxkì n`l nj xbl v|dckublh xbkàkì uakccu vtnitgou‘n`c{ g jly xlgeblt vtlvgtgxkn`vtnitgou gex|gcc{ vtlvgtl `ly xlgebltu xn xlgeb jnt bkiblt/clzlc xbkàkì# un g uvlekjke jne|u n` xbgx ulx njxlgebkì uakccu ku bkibc{ |ulj|c gu ylcc.

4;



56

Hn Hlgj Vlnvcl Xbkà Ckal Blgtkì Vlnvcl> "en`xk`|lh+

hkjjltlèl k` ulw|lèl nj lrvtluukn` k` nthlt xn xgkcnt xbl lrvtluukn` xn zku|gc |`hltuxg`hkì. Xbku xnvke kubkibc{ enovclr g`h ku uxkcc dlkì k`zluxkigxlh# g`h xbku tluvnùl ku g blgtkì vltun`‛u vltuvlexkzl n` kx1 kxyn|ch dl kovntxg`x xn gua g hlgj vltun`‛u vltuvlexkzl n` xbku xnvke# xnn. G jly {lgtu gin# xyn znc|olu yltlv|dckublh xbtn|ib Igccg|hlx \`kzltukx{ Vtluu ‘ Eni`kxkn`# Lh|egxkn`# g`h Hlgj`luu= Hktlexknù jnt Tlulgteb g`hKùxt|exkn` g`h Ghzgèlu k` Eni`kxkn`# Lh|egxkn`# g`h Hlgj`luu. Xblul dnnau og{ dl gzgkcgdcl k` {n|t |`kzltukx{ckdtgt{# g`h kj un yn|ch vtnzkhl unol u|oogt{ nj k`zluxkigxknù. Gcxbn|ib xbl{ gtl `ny ontl xbg` 76 {lgtunch# xbl{ yn|ch ikzl hktlexknù xn unol nj xbl tlulgtebltu jnt {n| xn k`zluxkigxl xn ull ybgx unol nj xbnul g|/xbntu bgzl vtnh|elh ontl tlel`xc{.

Ikzkì Ux|hl`xu Tlgunù xn Clgt`

Kx ullou xbgx xbl tnnx vtndclo og`{ nj n|t ux|hl`xu ybn gtl hlgjbgth nj blgtkì jgel k` uebnnc ku `nx g` k`gdkckx{ xn clgt`#d|x g cgea nj tlgunù xn clgt`. Xlgebltu gtl un v|ublh xn ilx xbtn|ib gcc nj xbl tlw|ktlh ogxltkgc xbgx geghloke xguau ykxbn|xgex|gc gvvckegxknù xn xbl ux|hl`xu‛ hgkc{ ckjl gtl xbl `nto# tgxblt xbg` xbl lrelvxkn`. Hn {n| gitll ykxb xbku vltelvxkzl g`h kj un# bny eg` xbku vtndclo dl ghhtluulh>

Gùylt

Gcc ebkchtl` xbkà xblkt vltun`gc ckzlu gtl ontl kovntxg`x xbg` uebnnc1 xbl xtkea ku xlgebkì xblo xn enovgtx/ol`xgck}l xblkt vtkntkxklu. Kx og{ dl blcvj|c xn clx ux|hl`xu ytkxl gdn|x xblkt ckzlu g`h lrvltklèlu. K` ghhkxkn`#

unol xlgebltu jk`h kx blcvj|c xn xgal jkzl ok`|xlu gx xbl dlik``kì nj lgeb ecguu uluukn` xn ebgx g`h unekgck}ldljntl xbl vltknh gex|gcc{ uxgtxu//ux|hl`xu xbl` ullo ontl jne|ulh g`h k`xltluxlh. Gcun# nxblt xlgebltu ogalxbloulczlu gzgkcgdcl dljntl g`h gjxlt uebnnc jnt $hny`$ xkol ykxb ux|hl`xu///luxgdckubkì xbgx tlcgxknùbkv kuun kovntxg`x.



57

Xbl @llh jnt Vgtl`xgc K`znczlol`x

Xbl `llh jnt vgtl`xgc k`znczlol`x ku et|ekgc xn g ylcc/dgcgèlh ebkch. Bny eg` xbl xlgeblt xgv k`xn xbku zgc|gdcl tlun|tel>

Gùylt

Bgzl {n|t ux|hl`xu‛ vgtl`xu ubgtl unol dguke k`jntogxkn`. Xbku eg` dl hn`l gx uebnnc tlikuxtgxkn` xkol ntgx xbl KLV ollxkì kj {n|t uebnnc hnlu xbku vtneluu gx xbl dlik``kì nj xbl {lgt. \ul g jnto# etlgxlh d{ {n|#xn igxblt k`jntogxkn` u|eb gu ghhtluu# vbn`l `|odltu "bnol# ynta# g`h elcc+# ux|hl`x‛u dktxbhg{# g`hukdckìu‛ `golu g`h gilu. Kx ku g innh khlg xn a`ny xbl ux|hl`x‛u jgzntkxl eg`h{ nt ebkv dtg`h `gol un gu xndl gdcl xn vtnzkhl g uogcc –bgvv{‟ n` xbl ebkch‛u dktxbhg{. Kx ku gcun g innh khlg xn a`ny ybgx gh|cxu gtlckzkì k` xbl bn|ulbnch1 unol ux|hl`xu og{ bgzl itg`hvgtl`xu# g|`xu# g`h |èclu ckzkì ykxb xblo. Njxl`

ux|hl`xu ykcc tljlt xn xblul kovntxg`x jgokc{ olodltu g`h kx blcvu kj {n| bgzl g tljltlèl. Vlxu gtl kovntxg`x#xnn.

Xbl xlclvbn`l ku g innh tlun|tel. Kx ku kovntxg`x xn ogal g` k`kxkgc egcc xn clx xbl vgtl`xu a`ny {n| gtlvclgulh xn bgzl xblkt ebkch k` {n|t ecguu g`h {n| cnna jntygth xn g innh g`h vtnh|exkzl uebnnc {lgt. Clx xbloa`ny {n| gtl xbltl jnt xblo g`h xblkt ebkch. [n| bgzl ny luxgdckublh unol tgvvntx ykxb xbl jgokc{. Kj {n|ubn|ch `llh xn egcc gigk` xn tlvntx –dgh `lyu‟ tligthkì xblkt ebkch‛u gebklzlol`x nt dlbgzknt# {n|t egcc ykccdl dlxxlt tlelkzlh. Allv g cni jnt g` geen|`x nj ybno {n| bgzl egcclh g`h bny jtlw|l`xc{. Gcc nj {n|t ux|/hl`xu‛ vgtl`xu ubn|ch tlelkzl g egcc jtno xbl xlgeblt gx clgux nèl vlt on`xb.

Kj {n| bgzl g uogcc ecguu# g enoo|`kegxkn` `nxldnna okibx ynta ylcc. Kx ubn|ch dl ytkxxl` k` hgkc{ xn tlvntxxbl ux|hl`x‛u dlbgzknt# vgtxkekvgxkn` k` ecguu# xluxu enokì |v# g`h g`{xbkì lcul vltxk`l`x xn xbl ux|hl`x u|ebgu jklch xtkvu. Xbl ux|hl`x ubn|ch ubny tluvnùkdkckx{ d{ ilxxkì bku vgtl`x nt hnto vgtl`xu‛ uki`gx|tl xn k`hk/egxl xbl `nxldnna bgu dll` tlgh. Xbku vtneluu ku vgtxke|cgtc{ innh jnt hnto ux|hl`xu. N` yllal`hu ybl` xbl

vgtl`xu bgzl tlgh xbl l`xtklu jnt xbl ylla# xbl{ xbl` bgzl g innh khlg nj bny xblkt ebkch‛u ylla bgu dll`.Gcnì xbl ugol ck`l# kx ku gcun g innh khlg xn ul`h gcc xluxu bnol jnt g vgtl`x uki gx|tl. Xbku vtneluu blcvu xblvgtl`x xn uxg{ a`nyclhilgdcl gdn|x xbl |`kxu xblkt ebkch ku ux|h{kì g`h bny ylcc xbl{ gtl hnkì ykxb xblo.

K` xnhg{‛u xleb`ncni{/ok`hlh yntch# og`{ jgokcklu bgzl enov|xltu. \ul l/ogkc xn enoo|`kegxl ykxb{n|t ux|hl`xu‛ vgtl`xu. [n| eg` ul`h `lyuclxxltu hluki`lh d{ xbl ecguu xn lrvcgk` lrekxkì |`kxu dlkì xg|ibx.[n| eg` lzl` |ul nch/jgubkn`lh –u`gkc ogkc‟ xn ul`h xbgà/{n|# bnckhg{# g`h dktxbhg{ egthu xn {n|t ux|hl`xu.

Hn`‛x jntilx xbgx {n|t vgtl`xu eg` dl g itlgx tlun|tel# xnn. \ul xblo gu i|lux uvlgaltu xn l`bg el {n|tcluunù. Gcun# |ul xblo xn blcv ykxb uvlekgc vtnmlexu nt ennakì gexkzkxklu1 g`h xbl{ ogal u|vlt ebgvltn`lu n`jklch xtkvu'

Onxkzgxkì Blgtkì Vgtl`xu xn Clgt` Og`|gc Enoo|`kegxkn`

Ybkcl guukuxkì en/xlgebltu k` g` |tdg`# hlgjbgth nj blgtkì vtl/uebnnc tnno# K clgt`lh xbgx og`{ nj xbl ux|hl`xu bgh blgt/kì vgtl`xu ybn hkh `nx uki`. Gcxbn|ib xblul vgtl`xu yltl `nx ghznegxlu nj xbl ntgc gvvtngeb# xbl{ yltl `nx kèck`lh xn clgt`g`{ olxbnh nj og`|gc enoo|`kegxkn` ykxb xblkt ebkchtl`.

Hluvkxl ljjntxu d{ xbl uebnnc "jtll GUC ecguulu# xtgùvntxgxkn` nj vgtl`xu xn ecguulu# ebkch/egtl# g`h vtnzkukn` nj c|èb+# vgt/l`xu yltl uxkcc `nx ykcckì. Xbku ygu zlt{ |vulxxkì xn ol jnt ndzkn|u tlgunù. Ybgx eg` dl hn`l xn kètlgul xbl onxkzgxkn`nj vgtl`xu xn clgt` g`h |ul og`|gc enoo|`kegxkn` ykxb xblkt ebkchtl` ybn gtl hlgj g`h bgth nj blgtkì> Ku xbku g vtndclockàlh n`c{ xn |tdg` jgokcklu ybltl kuu|lu u|eb gu vnzltx{# geeluu xn xtgùvntxgxkn`# lxe.# kovlhl vgtl`xu‛ gdkckx{ xn u|vvntxxblkt ebkchtl`‛u gdkckx{ xn enoo|`kegxl>



54

Onxkzgxkì Blgtkì Vgtl`xu xn Clgt` Og`|gc Enoo|`kegxkn` "en`xk`|lh+

Gùylt

Xbnul uxtgxliklu "c|èb# xtgùvntxgxkn`# ebkch egtl# lxe.#+ gtl gcyg{u |ulj|c xn xt{ g`h og{ dl blcvj|c k` unoluebnnc l`zktnòl xu. Bnylzlt# gu {n| vnk`x n|x# xblul ljjntxu gtl unolxkolu `nx l`n|ib. Ybkcl unol nj xblebgcclìlu tlu|cx jtno dlkì k` g` |tdg` l`zktnòl`x g`h g` l`zktnòl`x nj vnzltx{# xbku cgea nj onxkzgxkn`ku jn|`h lculybltl gcun. Xyn ghhkxkn`gc uxtgxliklu gtl yntxb gxxlovxkì=

7. K`zluxkigxl yblxblt g uvlekgckux k` lgtc{ ebkchbnnh lh|egxkn` "nt {n|tulcj gu xlgeblt+ en|ch ogal g bnolzkukx ykxb unol vgtl`xu xn xlcc xblo g`h hlonùxtgxl bny kovntxg`x kx ku xn xt{ og`|gc enoo|`kegxkn`.Xbku ak`h nj gexkzkx{ yn|ch `llh xn dl ytkxxl` k`xn g vltun`‛u mnd hluetkvxkn` kj kx ku xn dl enùkuxl`x.

4. K`zluxkigxl xbl khl xkx{ nj n`l nt xyn vgtl xu k` xbl uebnnc ybn GTL og`|gcc{ enoo|`kegxkì ykxb xblkt

ebkchtl` g`h ull kj xbl{ okibx dl ykcckì xn dlenol g ol`xntvgtx`lt jnt gx clgux n`l vgtl`x ybn ku g tl/c|exg`x uki`lt‘xbl vtlulèl nj g vllt eg` unolxkolu in g cnì yg{ xn ilxxkì vlnvcl xn vgtxkekvgxl ybl`nxblt uxtgxliklu bgzl jgkclh.

Allv xt{kì‘xbku ku g zlt{ kovntxg`x gtlg.



Xbku ku g ckzkì hne|ol`x hluki`lh xn ilx {n| xn tljclex n` {n|t ebnul` jklch nj hlgj lh|egxkn`. [n| vcg{ gzkxgc tncl k` xbl ckzlu nj {n|t ux|hl`xu. [n| yg`x xblo xn dl gcc xbgx xbl{ eg` dl1 xbltljntl# {n| v|x gcc {n| bgzl k`xn

ogakì {n|t cluunù k`xltluxkì g`h gvvckegdcl. D|x {n| eg``nx hn kx gcn`l. [n| gtl `nx g` kucg`h |`xn {n|tulcj.Un ybltl hn {n| in jtno bltl> Bny eg` {n| dlux |ul xbl k`jntogxkn` n|xck`lh k` xblul vgilu>

․ Jk`h unoln`l ykxb ybno xn ubgtl kx.

․ Jk`h g encclgi|l xbgx ykcc dl xt|xbj|c ykxb {n|. Xbl{ ykcc ubgtl k` {n|t u|eeluulu g`h xbnul nj {n|t ux|hl`xu# guylcc gu il`xc{ ikzl {n| enùxt|exkzl etkxkekuo ybl` gvvtnvtkgxl.

․ Tljclex n` `nx n`c{ {n|t u|eeluulu d|x {n|t jgkc|tlu g`h hlxltok`l xn hn dlxxlt `lrx {lgt.

․ Dl g ckjl/cnì clgt`lt g`h hlog`h xbl ugol jtno {n|t ux|hl`xu. Lèn|tgil bkiblt/nthlt xbkàkì uakccu.

․ Gdnzl gcc# dl g tncl onhlc jnt {n|t ux|hl`xu. Hn`‛x lrvlex {n|t ux|hl xu xn hn nt dl unolxbkì {n| gtl `nxykcckì xn hn nt dl {n|tulcj.

Lh|egxkn` ku g itlgx egtllt ebnkel. Kx ku bkibc{ hlog`hkì d|x un zlt{ yntxbybkcl ybl` {n| ull xbl ckibx d|cdu

in njj k` {n|t ux|hl`xu‛ ok`hu. Yl enool`h {n| jnt {n|t ebnkel xn dlenol g vtnjluukn`gc k` xbl jklch nj hlgjlh|egxkn`. [n| xt|c{ hn xn|eb xbl ckzlu nj xbl j|x|tl.

Vclgul ul`h {n|t jllhdgea n` xbku i|khl# gu ylcc gu ghhkxkn`gc xkvu nt xnvkeu jnt j|x|tl kuu|lu# xn xbl Mnk`X xb V m x jjk " x c xFa x h + [ d k k kcc d j h h x xbk I kh ‛ hkx

golden nuggets: a practical guide for the beginning teacher of students who are deaf/ hard of...

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