Davis Polk & Wardwell, Hong Kong Solicitors

Going Private Transactions: Chinese Companies Listed in the

United States

Presented by

Howard Zhang / Miranda So

August 2011

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Topics to be Covered

Introduction

Legal Issues and Process

Financing Considerations

Relisting in Hong Kong

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Introduction

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Introduction

What are “going private” transactions?

“Going private” generally refers to a transaction or series of transactions by a controlling or significant stockholder, or a leveraged buy-out by a PE fund working together with a controlling stockholder / the management, to acquire all of the publicly traded shares of a listed company

The transaction takes the company “private”, by reducing the number of its stockholders, allowing the company to deregister and cease its SEC reporting obligations

Why do companies go private?

Traditional reasons Allow the management to focus on long-term objectives

Allow the company to have a more leveraged capital structure that might not be acceptable for a public company

Enable the company to save costs and avoid disadvantages of complying with U.S. reporting obligations and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

“New” trend – Many Chinese companies dissatisfied with valuations in the U.S., compared with their counterparts listed in Hong Kong or other Asian exchanges, may consider “going private”, sometimes with a goal to relist the company in Hong Kong or other Asian exchanges

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Recent Examples

Chemspec International Limited

CNinsure Inc.

Funtalk China Holdings Limited

Fushi Copperweld, Inc.

Harbin Electric, Inc.

SOKO Fitness & Spa Group, Inc.

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Legal Issues and Process

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Preliminary Questions

Where is Listco incorporated? This will impact…

Structuring – merger / amalgamation / scheme / tender offer / etc. – each with different voting requirements for stockholder approval and/or for squeezing out the minority

Fiduciary duty, legal standard of review – e.g., use of special committee or other procedural safeguard

Litigation risk and strategy

Is Listco a “Foreign Private Issuer”? This will impact…

Timing and substance of disclosure obligations

Application of SEC rules and exemptions – e.g., U.S. proxy rules, Tier I or II exemption for U.S. tender offer rules

Other deregistration options available for FPI only

Is PE fund an existing stockholder? This will impact…

Strategy and approach

Disclosure – e.g., may have obligation to update 13D disclosure

Other considerations – e.g., Section 16 issues if it has sold any Listco stock in the last 6 months

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Typical Structures

First, controlling stockholder forms acquisition vehicle (Bidco)

Controlling stockholder (and, if applicable, PE fund) will “roll over” Listco stock into Bidco

PE fund / bank / other investors will provide additional equity or debt financing to Bidco to fund the transaction

If Listco is incorporated in a U.S. state, transaction is generally accomplished by

One-step merger

Tender offer followed by back-end merger

If Listco is incorporated in BVI or Cayman Islands, transaction is generally accomplished by

Scheme of arrangement

Consolidation and merger

General offer

Other possible structures (but much less common)

Reverse stock split

Asset acquisition

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Key Legal ConsiderationsUNDERSTANDING BOARD DUTIES AND POWERS

Board fiduciary duties

Governed by state / local law

Standard of scrutiny – Enhanced scrutiny vs. business judgment rule

Special committee and its powers

In the U.S., use of special committee is common. In Delaware, this shifts burden of proving “entire fairness” to minority stockholders

Special committee should consist of disinterested and independent directors, have a clear mandate, and have its own financial and legal advisors

Just say “no” is a possible response, even if offer is at a substantial premium to market

For one-step merger, special committee will negotiate deal terms with bidder One-step merger requires approval of special committee

Special committee may use delaying tactics to frustrate a bidder into increasing its offer price

Special committee will likely demand that the merger be subject to majority-of-the-minority stockholder approval

For tender offer, bidder can theoretically acquire 90% in tender offer and then complete short-form merger without needing to obtain special committee or stockholder approval However, special committee’s decision to recommend or reject the offer (or express no opinion) will likely influence

stockholder decision to tender, thereby prompting bidder to revise its offer price

Controlling stockholder should make clear that the company is not otherwise for sale

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Key Legal Considerations (cont.) DISCLOSURE, TIMING AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

Disclosure obligations

Disclosure obligations under local law In Delaware, directors have duties to ensure all “material facts” relevant to stockholders are disclosed

Disclosure obligations under U.S. federal securities law Section 13(d) obligations – Is bidder a 13D or 13G filer? Is bidder a grandfathered 13G filer?

Proxy statement (Schedule 14A) – Is Listco a FPI? If so, it is exempted from the U.S. proxy rules

Tender offer statement (Schedule TO) – Is Listco a FPI? Is Tier I or Tier II exemption available?

Schedule 13E-3 – requires enhanced disclosures regarding purpose of transaction, fairness of transaction, and reports, opinions, appraisals received

Timing considerations

Be patient when negotiating with special committee

SEC review process may also add to timetable

Risk (and likelihood) of litigation

Going private transactions are often challenged in court

State antitakeover statutes

Can imposes certain restrictions on “business combination” with “interested stockholder” for a specified period of time

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Overview of Legal Process

Evaluation Stage

· Perform due diligence· Consider feasibility and risk· Consider offer price and key conditions· Consider terms of sponsor / consortium agreement · Consider financing options and availability

Negotiation Stage

· Submits written proposal to Target board· Consider 13D disclosure obligations (if any)· Target board forms special committee· Special committee appoints financial and legal advisors· Special committee evaluates offer, discloses its response, and where

appropriate, negotiate terms· Finalize all deal terms and financing

ExecutionStage

· Sign definitive documents· Public announcement of signed deal· File proxy statement/13E-3 (if merger) or Schedule TO (if tender offer)· Receive and respond to SEC comments· If one-step, hold stockholders meeting and complete merger· If two-step, complete tender offer and short-form merger

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Financing Considerations

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Financing Considerations (cont.) TYPICAL COMPONENTS OF SPONSOR-BACKED “GOING PRIVATE” FINANCING

Equity tranche

Controlling stockholder (and if applicable, other select stockholders) rollover equity into Bidco

Cash infusion by PE sponsor into Bidco

Subordinated debt

High yield bonds or interim subordinated “bridge” facility

Senior secured debt

Secured by pledge over assets

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Financing Considerations (cont.) CHALLENGES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

U.S. margin regulations may limit amount of debt financing used to acquire “margin stock”

Regulations U and X apply to acquisition debt secured by “margin stock”

“Margin stock” includes equity securities traded in the U.S.

Debt financing for Bidco would generally be limited to 50% of the margin stock’s current market value

Possible solutions

Extend credit “outside the United States” – Regulations U and X do not apply if

Each lender is “outside” the United States

Loans are negotiated and disbursed outside the United States

Listco securities are “non-U.S. securities” – Listco is not U.S. organized and its principal place of business is outside the U.S.

Structure transaction as one-step merger

Exemption for friendly acquisition effected pursuant to a definitive merger agreement

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Financing Considerations (cont.) CHALLENGES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

Challenges on the PRC side

Structural subordination: offshore lending is structurally subordinated to liabilities of PRC subsidiaries

PRC subsidiaries cannot provide guarantee or security in favor of foreign debt owed by foreign parent

PRC subsidiaries subject to restrictions on payment of dividends and repayment of intercompany loans or advances

Lenders / investors attracted by the China story willing to accept risks?

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Relisting in Hong Kong

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Relisting in Hong KongQUALIFICATIONS FOR LISTING IN HONG KONG

Recognized jurisdiction of incorporation

If not on the “recognized” list of jurisdictions, need to apply to the HKSE for approval

Financial track record requirements

Ownership continuity and control for most recent audited financial year

Refers to beneficial ownership and control by the controlling stockholder (stockholder holding 30% or more voting interest in the company) or, if none, the single largest stockholder

General requirement to demonstrate trading record of at least 3 full financial years and management continuity for at least the 3 financial years before listing

Public float and market capitalization requirements

The HKSE will want to know if the minority stockholders were fully informed about the re-listing plans when the company was privatized, especially if only a short period of time has elapsed between the privatization and the re-listing

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Howard ZhangPARTNER

Mr. Zhang is a member of Davis Polk’s Corporate Department and a resident partner in the Beijing office. He focuses on mergers and acquisitions, including private equity portfolio investments, buyouts, joint ventures and strategic investment transactions. He also advises clients on cross-border securities and general corporate matters.

In his private equity practice, Mr. Zhang has represented many private equity firms on numerous transactions, including Bain Capital, Carlyle, CDH, CCMP Asia, Goldman Sachs, IDG/Accel, Merrill Lynch, SAIF Partners, Sequoia and Warburg Pincus.

WORK HIGHLIGHTS

Mergers and Acquisitions Representations

Baidu on its US$306 million investment in Qunar

Stable Investment Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of China Investment Corporation (CIC), on its investment in China Lumena New Materials

Warburg Pincus in its acquisition of a majority stake in Beijing Fanhua Datong Investment Management Company

Charles River Laboratory International in its proposed agreement to acquire Wuxi Pharmatech for $1.6 billion

Tianwei New Energy in its acquisition of a controlling stake in Hoku Scientific, a Nasdaq-listed company

86 10 8567 5002 telhoward.zhang@davispolk.com

Bar Admissions

State of Massachusetts

Professional History

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Howard Zhang (cont.)PARTNER

Warburg Pincus in its agreement to acquire a significant stake in China Biological Products, a Nasdaq-listed company

A consortium led by the management team of Amdocs China and IDG Capital Partners in its agreement to acquire the China operations from Amdocs, a Nasdaq-listed company

IDG Capital Partners and the management team in its acquisition of a controlling stake in Kongzhong, a wireless value-added service provider listed on Nasdaq

COFCO in connection with its investment in Smithfield Foods

Baring Private Equity Asia in financing a management buyout of Asian American Gas

CCMP Asia in connection with its acquisition of the flue gas desulphurization business from a publicly listed company in China

Merrill Lynch on several investments in China

Yahoo’s acquisition of a Chinese search engine

Focus Media’s acquisition of Framedia and Allyes Information Technology

Shanda’s acquisition of a significant stake in Sina

Securities Offerings

Representing the underwriters in the initial public offerings of 21Vianet Group, Xueda and ChinaCache

Representing the underwriters in China Unicom’s convertible bonds offering

86 10 8567 5002 telhoward.zhang@davispolk.com

Partner, Davis Polk, 2008-present

Partner, O’Melveny & Myers, Beijing office, 2002-2008

Associate, Partner, Foley, Hoag & Eliot, 1993-2002

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Howard Zhang (cont.)PARTNER

China Lodging in its SEC-registered initial public offering

Synutra International in its common stocking offering

The initial public offering and notes offering of Shanda Interactive Entertainment

The initial public offerings of Acorn International, China Finance Online, China Sunergy and ATA

RECOGNITION

Listed as a leading lawyer in several legal industry publications, including:

Chambers Global: The World’s Leading Lawyers for Business

Chambers Asia

Legal Media Group’s Expert Guide to the World’s Leading Private Equity Lawyers

OF NOTE

Membership

Member, Dean’s Advisory Board, Boston University Law School

EDUCATION

B.A., Shanghai International Studies University, 1981

J.D., Boston University School of Law, 1993

American Jurisprudence Award

Topics Editor, International Law Journal

86 10 8567 5002 telhoward.zhang@davispolk.com

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Miranda SoPARTNER

Ms. So is a Davis Polk partner resident in Hong Kong. Her work focuses on public and private company mergers and acquisitions, strategic investments, private equity transactions, securities offerings, and general corporate matters. She regularly advises major corporations and private equity clients on investments, dispositions and joint ventures across Asia and on cross-border transactions. She has also advised clients on a wide range of U.S. public company transactions, including takeovers, going private transactions, PIPEs, spinoffs and restructurings. Ms. So is admitted to practice in both New York and Hong Kong.

WORK HIGHLIGHTS

Kerry Mining’s auction and US$464.5 million sale of Baruun Naran coal mine in Mongolia to Mongolian Mining Corporation, a Hong Kong-listed company

Charoen Pokphand Group’s concurrent sales of US$45 million of convertible preference shares in C.P. Pokphand, a Hong Kong-listed company, to the Carlyle Group and other investors

Warburg Pincus’s acquisition of a significant stake in China Biologic Products, Inc., a Nasdaq-listed company

IDG Capital Partners’ acquisition of the China operations from Nasdaq-listed Amdocs, in consortium with the management team of Amdocs China

Canon Investment Holdings Limited’s proposed US$57 million acquisition of a majority stake in Altair Nanotechnologies, a Nasdaq-listed company

Shanda Games Limited’s reorganization and business separation from its parent, Shanda Interactive Entertainment Limited, and subsequent IPO on Nasdaq

852 2533 3373 telmiranda.so@davispolk.com

Bar Admissions

State of New York

Professional History

Partner, 2011

Associate, 2003-2011

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Miranda So (cont.)PARTNER

WORK HIGHLIGHTS (cont.)

Advanced Semiconductor Engineering’s US$780 million going-private acquisition of its subsidiary ASE Test Limited, a Nasdaq-listed company

Morgan Stanley’s spinoff of Discover and related restructurings

Health Management Associate’ US$3.25 billion recapitalization

Huntington Bancshares’ US$3.6 billion merger with Sky Financial Group

Commonwealth Telephone Enterprises’ auction and US$1.6 billion merger with Citizens Communications Company

RECOGNITION

Ms. So is listed as a leading lawyer in Chambers Global: The World’s Leading Lawyers for Business and Chambers Asia.

EDUCATION

B.S., Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 2000

summa cum laude

Phi Beta Kappa

M.S., Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 2000

summa cum laude

J.D., Harvard Law School, 2003

magna cum laude

852 2533 3373 telmiranda.so@davispolk.com