goes users’ conference the role of geostationary satellites in wmo’s global observing system
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GOES Users’ Conference The Role of Geostationary Satellites in WMO’s Global Observing System. Dr. Donald E. Hinsman Senior Scientific Officer WMO Satellite Activities. Purposes of WMO. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
GOES Users’ ConferenceThe Role of Geostationary Satellites in WMO’s Global
Observing System
Dr. Donald E. Hinsman
Senior Scientific Officer
WMO Satellite Activities
Purposes of WMO
• To facilitate world-wide cooperation in the establishment of networks of stations for the making of meteorological observations as well as hydrological and other geophysical observations related to meteorology, and to promote the establishment and maintenance of centres charged with provision of meteorological and related services;
• To promote the establishment and maintenance of systems for the rapid exchange of meteorological and related information;
• To promote standardization of meteorological and related observations and to ensure the uniform publication of observations and statistics;
• To further the application of meteorology to aviation, shipping, water problems, agriculture and other human activities;
• To promote activities in operational hydrology and to further close cooperation between Meteorological and Hydrological Services;
• To encourage research and training in meteorology and, as appropriate, in related fields, and to assist in coordinating international aspects of such research and training.
WMO Satellite Activities Main Long-term objectives
(i) Participate in the development of the Global Observing System (GOS) as a composite system, particularly for upper-air observing based on an optimal mix of observing components, including ground-based remote-sensing, mobile observing platforms, satellite and Global Position System-Meteorology (GPS-MET). GOS support to meeting GCOS requirements for climate monitoring and prediction will also be a priority goal;
(ii) Assist Members in the transition of the low-resolution imagery satellite services from analogue
to digital under complex operational conditions;
(iii) Promote satellite-related high quality continuing education to keep the knowledge and skill of Members operational and scientific staff up-to-date with the latest technological innovations, and to provide the competence and skills needed in related fields, such as communication with users;
(iv) Provide information, advice and guidance to Members on satellite-related technological developments as well as on changes in relevant existing meteorological and hydrological operation systems to enable them to develop plans for objective and wise investment actions.
Global Observing System Requirements
Space-based component
Geostationary satellites – at least five, appropriately spaced
Missions:
– Imaging
– Data collection
– Direct broadcast
Global Observing System Requirements (continued)
Space - based component
Polar-orbiting satellites – at least two, AM and PMMissions:
ImagingSoundingData collectionDirect broadcast
Global Observing System Requirements (continued)
Imagery mission(Hor res, obs cycle)
Nowcasting requirement: 1 – 5 km, .05 - .5 hoursGlobal NWP 1 – 50 km, .5 – 6 hours
Sounding mission
Nowcasting requirement: 5 – 200 km, .25 – 1 hourGlobal NWP 50 – 500 km, 1 – 12 hours
Global System of Geostationary Satellites
Global System of Polar Orbiting Satellites
WWW’s Global Observing System
Ground Segment of the Global Observing
System - Four categories of satellite-data ground receiving stations
• Polar-orbiting satellites
APT (Automatic Picture Transmission)
HRPT (High Resolution Picture Transmission)
• Geostationary satellites
WEFAX (Weather Facsimile)
HR (High Resolution)
- World Weather Watch implementation goals:
“Each WMO Member should be equipped with at least one polar-orbiting satellite data receiver and one geostationary satellite data receiver”
SATELLITES AND THE WWW
UN Resolution No. 1721 for “international co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space” approved 20 December 1961
•Advent of satellites offered substantial opportunities for improvements in meteorological services
•Called on WMO to lead a study and report on recommendations of the UN Resolution
Report delivered in June 1962
•“First report on the advancement of atmospheric sciences and their application in the light of developments in outer space”
•Birth of World Weather Watch
On April 1, 1960 the first U.S. weather satellite was launched from Cape Canaveral, FL
WMO’s World Weather Watch
Global System of Geostationary Satellites
Geostationary satellites areas
•Future plans•Ground receiving stations•LRIT and LRPT transition•Frequency allocation protection•WMO web page information•International relations
Sector Future additionalsatellites
Operator Planned launch (Planned location)Other remarks
GOES-M USA/NOAA 7/2001
GOES-N USA/NOAA 10/2002
EAST-PACIFIC(180°W-108°W)
GOES-O USA/NOAA 4/2004
GOES-P USA/NOAA 2007WEST-ATLANTIC(108°W-36°W) GOES-Q USA/NOAA 2010
135° Wand
75° W
MSG-1 EUMETSAT 6/2002
MSG-2 EUMETSAT 2003
EAST-ATLANTIC(36°W-36°E)
MSG-3 EUMETSAT 2008
0°
Future Geostationary Satellites Coordinated within CGMS
(as of November 2000)
Sector Future additionalsatellites
Operator Planned launch (Planned location)Other remarks
GOMS-N2 Russian Fed. 2001 76° E
INSAT III-A India 2000
INSAT III-D India 2003
FY-2C China 2003
FY-2D China 2006
INDIAN OCEAN(36°E-108°E)
FY-2E China 2009
105° E
MTSAT-1R Japan 03/2003WEST-PACIFIC(108°E- 180°E)
MTSAT-2 Japan 2004
Multi-functionalTransport Satellite
140°E
Future Geostationary Satellites Coordinated within CGMS
(as of November 2000)
Growth of Member Satellite Receivers
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
RA I RA II RA III RA IV RA V RA VI Total
Regions
Num
ber
of R
ecei
vers
1992
1995
2000
Number of receivers in each WMO Region
2000 RA APTs HRPTs WEFAXs HRs TotalI 71 17 87 24 199II 140 47 134 38 359III 33 12 47 14 106IV 38 22 48 37 145V 19 10 28 16 73VI 161 39 288 54 542
Grand Total 1424
Change 2000 - 1995 RA APTs HRPTs WEFAXs HRs TotalI 19 5 30 3 57II 44 13 35 14 106III 7 7 20 2 36IV 12 5 13 5 35V 7 2 2 7 18VI 47 9 38 5 99
Grand Total 351
Percent WMO Members meeting WWW Implementation Goals
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
I II III IV V VI
Regions
Polar receivers
Geo receivers
Transition Schedule for Satellites in Geostationary Orbit for LRIT
Satellite Launch(M/Y)
Service Start Stop
GOES - 8 04/1994 WEFAX 11/94
GOES - 9 05/1995 WEFAX 01/96
GOES - 10 04/1997 WEFAX 06/97
GOES - 11 05/2000 WEFAX 09/00
GOES - M 08/2002 WEFAX 10/02
GOES - N 2002 LRIT
USA
GOES - O 2005 LRIT
Elektro-1 11/94 WEFAX
Elektro-2 2001 WEFAX
RussianFederation
Elektro-3 2002 LRIT 2002
FY-2A 06/1997 WEFAXChina
FY-2B 06/2000 WEFAX
Satellite Launch(M/Y)
Service Start Stop
Meteosat 5 03/1991 WEFAX 03/91
Meteosat 6 11/1993 WEFAX 11/93
Meteosat 7 09/1997 WEFAX 07/97 12/03
MSG 1 06/2002 LRIT 03/03 2008
MSG 2 2003 LRIT 2004 2009
EUMETSAT
MSG 3 2007 LRIT 2008 2013
INSAT I-d 06/1990 None
INSAT II-a 07/1992 None
INSAT II-b 07/1993 None
India
INSAT II-e 04/1999 None
GMS-5 03/1995 WEFAX 06/95 07/04
MTSAT-1R 01/2003 WEFAXLRIT
07/0307/03
03/0507/08
Japan
MTSAT-2 07/2004 LRIT 07/08 07/13
Distribution of WEFAX Receivers
Distribution of High Resolution Geostationary Receivers
WMO Satellite Activities Web Sitehttp://www.wmo.ch/hinsman/satsun.html
•Goals, objectives and publications•Satellite operator status reports •Global Observing System (GOS) status reports•Other satellite related organizations•Online database information•APT/WEFAX to LRPT/LRIT transition•Online satellite imagery sites•Working documents for Upcoming Meetings•Education and Training Materials
Satellites and International Relations
“Satellites are the best Ambassadors”