goals and syllabus
TRANSCRIPT
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Goals and Syllabus
Dewanti
Dian Apriliani
Efi RokhayantiNovida Fatma Dewita
Priskila Shendy Hartanti
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Listening and Speaking
Some spects of teaching listening and speaking
that require independent attention :
Such as ;
� How we ensure the children get enough active
listening practice
� How we integrate functional and grammatical
patterns.
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Listening Activities
It is important for children to listen to as much
English of an appropriate level as possible.
If the level is too difficult, the children may lose
confidence and positivity
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Listening Activities
It is much more important to give them listeningpractice to do between lessons on a regular
day.
We can encorage the children and their parentsto play tapes in the car or at home,
orencorage the children to watch videos or use
English computer software
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Listening Activities
Listening outside the classroom is
possible will partly depend on the
financial and social condition of achilds family and
how much time she can devote to
English.
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Listening First?
One of the arguments often
made :
Babies hear new items of their
native language first, say
them next, and read and write
them some time later.
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Listening First?
Facts in some Occasion :
Native speakers who are of elementary schoolage do not always come across ne language
items by hearing them first.
They may read them first, and when they dohear them first, they may say them soon
afterwards.
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Listening First?
Another fact :
In some occasion, the children first
read new words or sentences that
are phonically regular, sound them
out, and may not hear them until
afterwards
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T echniques in Lestening
�Comprehension and
Communication� Dictation
� Stories
� TPR
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C omprehension and C ommunication
At any point in their learning of English, childrencan comprehend more than they can use
communicatively.
There is a comprehension zone beyond theircurrent communication level that contains words,
patterns, and chunks of language that they
understand, but have not yet internalized deeplyenough to be able to produce actively and
flexibly.
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Dictation
a test in which a piece of writing is
dictated to students learning a
foreign language, to test their abilityto hear and write the language
correctly
(CAMBRIDGE ALD : 2008)
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Dictation
Dictation exercises are very
important, particularly fordeveloping the childrens
awareness of phonicsounds.
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Stories
If the children have more than one or two
lessons a week, stories can be a wonderful
way to supplement a course
When stories are used for listening practice, we
can memorize a story and tell it to them, read
it or play it on a tape.
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Stories
It usuallu ends up being too teacher-centered
I
f we are careful to involve the children as muchas possible, we can enrich their experience of English.
We can make them explore English forthemeselves, esp. if we make the story into akind of puzzle, and do not give explanations.
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T otal Physical Response ( T PR)
An example of TPR is for teachers to give
instructions in English first combined
with actions.
The children show understanding by
following the instructions without speak
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Many teachers in Asian EFL
classroom quite understand that
TPR doesnt give oppurtunities
for children to speak, so they
modify it or just use it forparticular language target.
T otal Physical Response ( T PR)
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Speaking
The children can listen to English at home,
read English at hme, and even write
English at home, but most of them havefew oppurtinities to speak English at
home.
Children need to practice, practice and
practice
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Speaking
If a class is large, we need to
devide it up into pairs and groups
so that each individual child will
be able to speak more, and in all
classess the children need to playgames where thay speak English
a lot
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Should children and we only speak
English?
It is best to establish the
rule that only English isallowed, and then relax
the rule for specialsituations.
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English across the curriculum
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Why make cross-curricular links?
� Has potential of creating a learning
environment
�
Factor:a. The teacher : their language level,
confidence, innovations, and knowldge
b. The students : age and interest, linguistic,conceptual level, motivation and familiarity
c. The learning teaching concept
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Starting points for cross-curricular work
� Topics
� Issues : Socio-cultural, cultural practices,
stereotyping, cross-cultural tolerance,environment
� Skills and strategies : measuring, word
processing, using internet
� Resources : Maths, Nature, Science,
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Topics and issues
� Mathematics
� Science
� History
� Geography
� Cultural studies
� Art and craft
� Using topic web
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Language and learning skills and
strategies
� Observing object, actions, and processes
� Memorizing objects, action and processes
�Carrying out actions, analysing, andexperimenting
� Seeing patterns and connections
�Interpreting te symbolic representation of information
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Language and learning skills and
strategies
� Interpeting the meaning of texts and visuals
� Reflecting on and evaluating actions and
learning� Developing language awareness
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Resources
� Subject books in English
� Website
a. www.bbc.co.ukb. Britishcouncil
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Problems and questions
Topic overlap and overskill
Relationship between learning facts orlearning language
The balance between a product-focused
approach or process-focused approach
Finding resouces
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What skills do teacher need for cross-
curricular work?
Linking old knowledge with the new
Catering for learning styles
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Activities for useful investigations
Predicting, counting
Measuring area
Measuring and comparing
length and weight