GOAL FORMULATION AND TARGET SETTING

Sectoral Goalsare whatever it takes to close the vision – reality gap identified in the specific

sector.

Importance of Goals in Planning

As an end toward which all future actions specified in the

plan are directed.

As a set of criteria for evaluating alternative strategies

and approaches

As a standard against which the success or failure of

each action is measured

Goals serve at least three (3) purposes in the planning

process:

Sources of Sectoral Goals

Vision – Reality Gap

Problem – Solution Finding Matrix

Map Overlay Analysis

Community-based Monitoring System

Local Governance Performance Management System

The VRG as source of sectoral goals

DESCRIPTORS SUCCESS INDICATORS CURRENT REALITY RATING

VISION–REALITY

GAP

WHAT TO DO TO CLOSE THE GAP

Peaceful 0% Crime rate6 4

Highlyskilled

Full employment4 6

Empowered Citizen participation

3 7

The Problem – Solution Finding Matrix as source of sectoral goal.

SECTOROBSERVED

CONDITIONSEXPLANATIONS

(CAUSES)IMPLICATIONS

WHEN UNRESOLVED

POLICY OPTIONS

Map overlay analysis as source of sectoral goals

Thematic Maps

Overlaid

Brief Description of Conflict

Area

Explanations for Conflict

Implications when

Unresolved

Policy Options

FORMULATING SECTORAL GOALS

THE SHORT METHOD

Treat the gap as a problem.

Invert, negate or reverse the negative

condition to become a desirable state,

hence, a goal.

Goals Technically Derived

Goal is the inverse of a problem

GOAL =1

PROBLEM

Formulating Sectoral

Goals

Squatting continues

to exist

Ad hoc approach

to housing

concerns

Absence of

permanent housing

body

Some settlements still exposed

to environmental hazards

Indigent families not a

dequately served

Existence of

many private

hospitals

Incidence of

drug abuse

Loss of cultural

artifacts

Weak moral

values

Corruption

prevalent

Low-level appreciation for

local culture and arts

Weak promotion of

culture and the arts

High dependence on

paid indoor

recreation

Some social issues not adequately addressed

Limited space for

public recreation

Children/ youth

play in the streets

No scholarships for

ordinary indigent students

Most preschools and

all colleges are

privately owned

Squatting

stopped

Housing concerns a

ddressed regularly

Permanent

housing body

created

Settlements located

in hazard-free areas

Indigent families

adequately

served

Existence of public

and private hospitals

Drug abuse

eliminated

Cultural artifacts

preserved

Strong moral

values

Corruption

stopped or

minimized

Heightened

appreciation for local

culture and arts

Sustained promotion

of culture and the

arts

Reduced dependence

on paid indoor

recreation

Social issues

adequately addressed

Ample space

for public

recreation

Playgrounds

provided for

children/ youth

Scholarships offered for or

dinary indigent students

Public and private

preschools and

colleges established

FORMULATING SECTORAL GOALS

THE LONG METHOD

1. Follow the logic of the “Problem – Solution –

Finding Matrix”

a. Treat the vision – reality gap as an

“observed condition” or new information

created

b. Subject the observed condition to the

process of extracting intelligence and

exploring policy implications

FROM GAPS TO GOALS

FORMULATING SECTORAL GOALS

c. Proceed to complete the matrix by first

determining the reasons for or causes of

the observed gaps, then exploring the

possible implications of the gaps if these

continue to remain unfilled.

d. Develop policy interventions targeting

both implications and the explanations.

2. Formulate the policy interventions in the

form of goal statements, i.e. “To + verb ...”

Example: To make clean, safe water

within reach of every household.

foRMULATING SECTORAL

GOALS

Sector Indicator

Planning

Area

Larger Spatial Unit

Smaller Spatial Units

A B C D

Social Population growth rat

e

2000 3.2% 2.8% 2.7% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0%

2003 3.0% 2.9% 3.0% 2.1& 2.5% 2.9%

Literacy Rate

2000 95% 87% 98% 90% 88% 92%

2003 97% 88% 95% 92% 89% 94%

Examples of Items, Statistics, Indicators

What do these figures mean?

1

This entails probing into the causes or

explanations behind the observed condition

s.

It asks the question, “Why?”

It provides the clue to finding more

fundamental solutions by attacking the

causes rather than the symptoms of the

problems.

2

It asks the question, “So what?” if no

significant intervention is made

Analysis can be extended further

into determining appropriate

policy interventions

3

Take NOTE!

If positive implications predominate, then the observed condition may be regarded as a potential.

If negative implications predominate, then the observed condition can be regarded as a problem. Formulate policies that either mitigate the inconvenience or solve the problem permanently.

Observed

Conditions

Explanations

(Causes)

Implications when

unresolved

Policy Options

WHAT DO THESE

FIGURES MEAN?

WHY? SO WHAT? WHAT TO DO?

SOLUTIONS

LDI System Map Overlays

Observed Conditions

Implications when no intervention is in

troduced

Explanations of Causative Fac

tors

Policy Interventions

CBMS LGPMS Vision-Reality G

ap Analysis

Goal Statements

Observed

Conditions

Explanations

(Causes)

Implications when

unresolved

Policy Options GOAL

Thank you!