go131: international relations professor walter hatch colby college ethnic and religious conflict
DESCRIPTION
GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict. Grave Threat to Peace. Why so much local conflict now?. How to Characterize?. Revival of “Ancient Hatreds?” Natural Divisions (tribal, ethnic) Revenge of “Bad Borders?” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GO131:International Relations
Professor Walter HatchColby College
Ethnic and Religious Conflict
![Page 2: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Grave Threat to Peace
![Page 3: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why so much local conflict now?
![Page 4: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How to Characterize?
Revival of “Ancient Hatreds?”Natural Divisions (tribal, ethnic)
Revenge of “Bad Borders?”Unnatural Divisions (a legacy of colonialism)
![Page 5: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Or the Exploitation of Divisions?
Babri Masjid (1992)
![Page 6: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Case #1: Arabs and Jews
![Page 7: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Returning to Palestine
PalestineArabs in the Ottoman Empire
Zionist dreamsEscaping pograms in Russia and Poland
Balfour Declaration (1917)The 1930s
Jewish refugeArab alarmBritish blockade
![Page 8: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Palestine War (1948)
End of the British Mandate
UN Partitionland grab
Deir Yassin massacre
great power politics
![Page 9: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
UN Partition Plan (1947)
![Page 10: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Israel Holds its Own
The Birth of Israel (May 14, 1948)
Arab attacks from north, south, and eastRepelled and reversed
![Page 11: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Suez Crisis (1956)
Gamal Abdel NasserPresident of Egypt (1952)
Champion of Arab nationalism
Nationalizes the Suez Canal (1955)
Blockades the Gulf of Aqaba (1955)
![Page 12: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Strategic Waterways
![Page 13: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Israel, the UK, and France
The secret planIsrael attacks Egypt (10/29/1956)
UK and France intervene (10/30/56)
US calls for restraintUSSR supports US
Israel relinquishes its spoilsUNEF patrols
![Page 14: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Six-day War (1967)
SyriaEl Fatah raids
Egyptexpels UNEF from Sinaiblockades Gulf of Aqaba (again)
IsraelResponds with lighting attacksOccupies key territoriesPreempts the UN
![Page 15: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Expanded Israel
![Page 16: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The October War (1973)
Syria and Egypt attack on Yom KippurRisk of Soviet-US proxy war
Geneva Peace Accords (12/73)UN observers in Sinai and on Golan Heights
![Page 17: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Camp David Accord (1979)
Anwar Sadat, Jimmy Carter and Menachem Begin
![Page 18: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
From Tourist Trap to Failed State
![Page 19: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Carving up Lebanon
Civil War (1975)Muslims vs. Christians
Syria occupies central Lebanon
Israel invades (1982)
US intervenes
![Page 20: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Intifadeh
First Palestinian uprising (1988)Rock throwing
Economic boycott
Strikes
![Page 21: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Oslo Peace Accord (1993)
Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton, Yasir Arafat
![Page 22: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Great Expectations
Jordan-Israel peace agreement (1995)
Syria-Israel negotiations (1999)
Barak plan (2000)“Land for Peace”
Torpedoed by Arafat
![Page 23: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ariel Sharon
![Page 24: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Second Intifadeh
Palestinians revoltSuicide bombers
Israeli reprisalsLeveling villages
![Page 25: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
New Peace Efforts
Bush’s “Road Map” (2001)
Abu Mazen as PA PM (2003)Trying to tame Hamas, Islamic Jihad, Al Aqsa Martyr’s Brigade, Hezbollah
And failing….
![Page 26: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Terror Continues
Reem Raiyshi with her son Obida, 3, before she set off a bomb in Gaza on 1/26/04, killing herself and four Israelis.
![Page 27: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Fence
![Page 28: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Occupation Continues
![Page 29: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Case #2: Hindus vs Moslems
![Page 30: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Two Battles for Independence
British rule (from early 17th century)East India Company
“divide and conquer”
Fighting for sovereigntyHindus under Mahatma Gandhi
Moslems under Mohammed Ali Jinnah
![Page 31: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Partition (1947)
![Page 32: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Kashmir
British had installed a Hindu prince in predominantly Moslem region (1846)
During partition, Moslems revoltedNew Pakistan state supported
New Indian state opposed
War (1948-49)
![Page 33: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
A Region Divided
![Page 34: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Pakistan’s Allies
Military regime (General Ayub Khan)Unlike India under Congress Party (Nehru)
Bandwagoning with the U.S.
Friendship with China
![Page 35: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Kashmir War of 1965
![Page 36: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Bloody Birth of Bangladesh
Resentment of East Pakistan1970 cyclone1971: Calls for independence
West Pakistan cracks downBengali refugees spill into India
India intervenesAligns with USSRIndira Gandhi orders a strike
![Page 37: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Nuclear confrontation
Battle of nuclear tests (1998)
Terrorist attacks inside India
Playing nuclear chicken (2003)
![Page 38: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Case #3: Sudan
![Page 39: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Background
Independence from UK in 1956
Civil War for all but ten years (72-82)Muslim Arabs in the north
Christian/animist Africans in the south
Northerners control Khartoum regimeMilitary junta seized power in 1989
Allied with National Congress Party (NCP), formerly the National Islamic Front (NIF)
Islamic Law (Sharia) and Arabization
![Page 40: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Racial Chauvinism
Child soldier in southIbrahim Omar, head of NCP
![Page 41: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
“Leave Only the Birds”
Depopulation StrategyEmptying villages in the south
Trains and horsemen
Slavery
“Buy-back” program ($50 per person)
![Page 42: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Slavery in Sudan
![Page 43: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Darfur
![Page 44: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Marginalization
A region ignored
Arab militia versus the African SLAKhartoum backs the Arabs
Tens of thousands killed
1.5 million displaced
![Page 45: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Humanitarian Crisis in Darfur
![Page 46: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Case #4: Ivory Coast
![Page 47: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Civil Strife
North versus SouthCitizenship and bloodlines
Defined by southern elites
Abidgan regime (Laurent Gbagbo)The South
Rebels in the North
France viewed as partisan
![Page 48: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Blowback of Colonialism
![Page 49: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Case #5: Bosnia (1994-5)
![Page 50: GO131: International Relations Professor Walter Hatch Colby College Ethnic and Religious Conflict](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56814f12550346895dbca4a3/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
What does Posen say?
It’s another security dilemma