GLYCAEMIC INDEX VALUES OF FRUITS- MYANMAR BANANA

AND MYANMAR MANGO

Dr. Moh Moh Hlaing Deputy Director

Nutritional Research Division Department of Medical Research

Dr. Nway Htike Maw Research Scientist

Experimental Medicine Research Division Department of Medical Research

•Many people with diabetes avoid fruit, afraid that the

sweetness of fruits will increase the blood sugar.

Fruits are full of vitamins,

minerals and antioxidants all

important for good health.

Should people with diabetes cut back on fruit because of sugar content???

Managing diabetes has to do with managing

the blood glucose,

blood fats,

blood pressure and

weight, and

fruits and vegetables can play a positive role

•In fact, most fruits have low to medium glycemic index,

they do not lead to a sharp rise in blood glucose levels

compared to other carbohydrate containing foods.

Glycemic index

55 or less Low

56 to 69 Medium

70 or more High

Glycemic index (GI) is a numerical system of

measuring how much of a rise in circulating blood sugar a

carbohydrate triggers – the higher the number, the

greater the blood sugar response.

What is Glycemic Index (GI)?

Different varieties of the fruits have different GI

•different rates of gastric emptying,

•digestion,

•absorption and

•other factors such as the ripeness of the fruit

•Many fruits contain minimal to moderate amounts of

carbohydrates and have a low GI, but some fruits are

on the high end.

Commonly eaten fruits in Myanmar

Low GI Medium GI High GI

Apple Banana watermelon

Mango Papaya

Orange Pineapple

Pear Kiwi

Strawberries

Grapes

How important is the glycemic index values of fruit?

• In recent times there has been a lot of attention on the role

of glycemic index in our diets.

• There is some evidence to suggest that a low glycemic index

diet can help with weight loss, protect against cardiovascular

disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity.

• Using glycemic index value with a tool for estimating how

much impact a fruit will have on blood glucose levels and help

people with diabetes to control their blood glucose.

•Diabetes is one of the diet-related non-communicable

disease for which nutritional management plays an

important role.

•Many people with diabetes have been advised to adopt

a of low glycemic index fruit in order to improve blood

glucose levels, increase insulin sensitivity, reduce

cardiovascular risk and promote weight loss.

Glycemic index values of Myanmar Bananas:

Phee Kyan, Rakkhine and Thee Hmwe

Ref: Tin-Khine-Myint et al. (2001)

• Banana is a commonly eaten fruit source of complex

carbohydrate.

• In Myanmar, PheeKyan, Rakkhine and Thee Hmwe

(yellow) are commonly eaten varieties which are

available in all seasons.

• An experimental study was done.

• Total 12 women volunteers,

• Aged 30-40 years (mean=37 ±6year)

• BMI ranged from 19 to 29kg/m2 (mean=23 ±3kg/m2)

Test meal Each banana test meal was fed as 50 gm-available carbohydrate portion as estimated from Food Composition Table and Nutritive Value of Burmese Foods.

Findings

Plasma Glucose Concentration (mmol/L) Men± SD

0 min 30 min 60 min 90 min 120 min

Glucose 6.14±0.9 8.15±1.1 8.8±1.6 7.73±1.3 7.5±2.1

Phee-Kyan 6.7±1.1 9.0±1.5 7.3±1.1 7.11±1.9 6.76±1.6

Rakhine 6.87±0.9 8.64±1.2 8.21±1.0 6.56±1.1 6.15±1.2

Thee-Hmwe 6.1±1.3 7.77±1.4 8.17±2.3 6.5±1.6 5.95±1.4

Mean plasma glucose response to oral glucose and test bananas

Phee-Kyan Rakkine Thee-Hmwe

Glycemic index 55.29±5.66 51.7±7.69 63.73±8.46

Glycemic index of three bananas

International table of glyemic index value of banana

USA Canada South Africa

Glycemic index 51 62 70±5

Phee-Kyan and Rakhine

•a low glycemic index values

•can be recommended in diabetes patients

Glycemic index values of Myanmar mangoes:

Sein-Ta-Lone and Mya-Kyauk

• Mangoes are rich in carbohydrate, high in sugar,

excellent source of vitamin C, A, and B6.

• contains a wide variety of carotenoids, including beta-

carotene, and other phytonutrients.

• can protect cells from damage, lower risk of

cardiovascular disease, and provide other health

benefits.

• Different species mangoes with varieties of taste, color

and shape.

• Ma-Chit-Su, Thone-Lone-Tit-Htaung, Sein-Ta-Lone, Mya-

Kyauk, Yin-Gwe, Sugar Mango, etc are some varieties of

Myanmar mangoes.

• Because of delightful aroma, sweetness and juiciness,

Sein Ta Lone and Mya Kyauk are regarded as famous

mangoes in Myanmar.

The averages glycemic index value of mangoes was

51± 5, ranged from 41 to 60 according to international researches

Our research aims to determine “Glycemic index values of Myanmar mangoes:

Sein-Ta-Lone and Mya-Kyauk in apparently healthy subjects”.

Philippines Australia

India

Glycemic index 41 51±3 60±16

International table of glyemic index value of mango

• An experimental study will be done.

• Total 12 Healthy volunteers

• Aged 20-40 years

• BMI ranged from 19 to 25kg/m2

Test meal Each mango test meal was fed as 50 gm-available carbohydrate portion as estimated from Food Composition Table and Nutritive Value of Burmese Foods.

12 Healthy volunteers

6 male 6 female

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

Normal Impaired

Test mangoes

Study design

Calculate glycemic index of each mango

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) • After 10 hour overnight fast, the fasting blood samples

will be collected before glucose load and then 50g of glucose dissolved in 200 ml of water will be given followed by 50 ml of drinking water.

• Venous blood samples will be collected at 30, 60, 90 and 120 mins after glucose load.

• Plasma glucose will be determined by glucose oxidase method.

Calculation of the glycemic index (GI) by using,

Area under the blood glucose curve for fruit

Area under the blood glucose curve for glucose

GI= _______________________________________________x100

Benefits of this research?

• Notice different varieties of mango have different

glycemic index

• By knowing the glycemic index value of Myanmar

mango, it may use as a beneficial tool for selection of

suitable mango for diabetes patients

Recommendation for further research

Glycemic index value of Myanmar fruits need to be established…. • Other varieties of mangoes such as

• Ma-Chit-Su • Yin-Gwel • Shwe-Hin Thar

• Other varieties of fruits such as • Papaya • Strawberry • Apple • Watermelon • Lychee

1. David Mendosa (2008).Revised International Table of

Glycemic Index (GI) and Glycemic Load (GL) Values-

2008. http://www.mendosa.com/gilists.htm.

2. Laura Dolson.Are the loads of carbs in mangoes worthy?

www.verywell.com/carbs-in-mangoes-2241802,

Updated May 17, 2017

3. Aye Aye Myint (1992). Mineral elements composition of

snacks, daily mineral intake and serum mineral level of

Myanmar adults. M.Med.Sc (Biochemistry).

REFERENCES

4. Tin Khine Myint, Phyu Phyu Aung, TheingiThwin,

ThandarShwe, Moh Moh Hlaing, Theingi Win Myat,

MyintMyintKhine, Htike HtikeSoe and Hnin Nu Htwe

(2001). Determination of glycemic indicies of 3

commonly eaten varieties of Myanmar bananas (Phee-

Kyan, Rakhine and Thee-Hmwe). Abstracts, Myanmar

Health Research Congress.

5. The nutritive value of Burmese foods (1967). Central

press, Rangoon. First Edition by the Nutrition Project,

Directorate of Health Services.