GLOBALIZATIONGLOBALIZATIONINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

PEACE & DEVELOPMENTPEACE & DEVELOPMENTPr. Maurice TCHUENTE

Board Chairman National Agency for ICT CameroonBoard Member UNU/IIST tchuente@uycdc.uninet.cm

presently on leave as Directeur de Recherche CNRS ENS Lyon France

Maurice.Tchuente@ens-lyon.fr

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GLOBALIZATION AND INFORMATION GLOBALIZATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

With Globalization of economy, the Whole World is Market - resource - area of influence

Globalization and Information Technology are Interdependent and Mutually Reinforcing

Information Technology creates a World Wide Global Space

Globalization ICT

Opens world market to the economic sector of

Is a Support, an Accelerator, a Driver, a Multiplier of

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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIESTECHNOLOGIES

Front end

• TELEPHONE• RADIO• TELEVISION• VIDEO• INTERNET• DIGITAL EMBEDDED

DEVICES

Back end

• INFRASTRUCTURE• EQUIPMENTS• SYSTEMS• SERVICES• CONTENTS

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• Exports increase from 1996 to 2003– Total Merchandise : 60%– ICT : 100 %

• ICT exports in 2003– Volume : $ 1,1trillon

• emergent/developing countries = 50% world exports• China = 22 % of emergent/developing countries’ exports

– Percentage with respect to total exchanges : 15 %

• Top 10 countries : 72% Exports, 66 % Imports• Within emergent/developing countries

– Top 10 = 98% Exports– Top 10 = 90 % Imports

SOME ICT FIGURES FOR 1996 – 2003SOME ICT FIGURES FOR 1996 – 2003(Information Economy UNCTAD Report 2005)(Information Economy UNCTAD Report 2005)

Rapid Growth - Concentration of Production / Consumption

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PROGRESS IN BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE PROGRESS IN BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE (1992 – 2002)(1992 – 2002)

0102030405060708090

100

P f m p i

DevelopingDeveloped

0102030405060708090

P f m p i

P = population, f = fixed telephone, m = mobile telephone, p = PC, i = Internet

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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PEACE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PEACE AND DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

Good Governance is perhaps the single most important Factor in Eradicating Poverty and

Promoting Development

Kofi Annan, Secretary General UN

Peace is a Necessary Prerequisite to Social and Economic Development

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OUTLINE

1. ICT and PEACE

2. ICT and GOVERNANCE

3. ICT and DEVELOPMENT

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PEACE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PEACE AND DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

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• ICT and CONFLICT PREVENTION

• ICT and CONFLICT MANAGEMENT

• ICT and POST-CONFLICT BUILDING

PROMOTION of PEACEPROMOTION of PEACE

Reference :

ICT for Peace : The Role of ICT in Preventing Responding to and Recovering from Conflict

http://www.ict4peace.org

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• ICT Help to Address the Root Causes of Conflicts

• ICT Increase the Visibility of Potential Conflicts

• ICT Promote Better Communication and Dialogue

• Iternet = Counter-Balancing Force in Favor of Individuals and NGOs

• ICT Help to Reveal Human Rights Abuses and Promote Good Governance

CONFLICT PREVENTIONCONFLICT PREVENTION

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• ICT Make Logistics More Efficient

• ICT Raise the Pofile of Forgotten Conflicts

• ICT Contribute to the Coordination of Civil Society Organizations

– Increased Coverage and Influence– Better Mobilization of Resources– Less Duplication, Gaps Filling, Increased Efficiency

• ICT Contribute to Information Sharing

CONFLICT MANAGEMENTCONFLICT MANAGEMENT

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• ICT Serves as Vector and Catalyzer of National Reconciliation

• ICT Help to Disseminate Terms of Ceasefire Agreement

• ICT Raise Awareness of War Crime Tribunals and National Reconciliation Commissions

• ICT Contribute to the Rapid Establishment of a Modern State

POST - CONFLICT BUILDINGPOST - CONFLICT BUILDING

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• The Role of ICT in Modern Warfare– Propaganda (Rwanda, Irak, …)– Smart Computer-Controlled Weapons and Military Coordination– Use by extremists to Promote Hatred, and Genocide, to Recruit

Militants or Tele-Trigger Bombs

• ICT Have Created New Intriguing Phenomena– Transitory Approach to Crisis– Fast Dissemination of Rumors and Overloading of Information

CONCLUSION for ICT and PEACECONCLUSION for ICT and PEACE

But we Have Privileged the Potential of ICT to Promote the Attainment of a More Peaceful World

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ICT Can Help to Improve the Quality of Governance Performance (Normative Outcomes)

and Governance Process (How Outcomes are Achieved)

1. ICT and CIVIL SOCIETY

2. E-GOVERNANCE

3. ICT and POLITICAL PROCESSES

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND GOVERNANCEGOVERNANCE

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• ICT Permit a Limitless Number of individuals and Organizations to have Direct Access to Global Audience

• ICT Lead to Transparency and Reinforce Public Faith in Institutions

CIVIL SOCIETYCIVIL SOCIETY

A Well Informed Citizen is in a Better Position to Exercise his Rights and Carry out his

Responsibilities within the Community

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• ICT Reduce Communication Costs for Acces to Services (Form filling, Bill Sourcing and Payment, …)

• ICT reduce Corruption

• Help Citizens to learn about Policies and Processes (Help-Lines, …)

E-GOVERNANCEE-GOVERNANCEE-Governance is the Public Sector’s Use of ICT

With the Aim of Improving Information and Delivery Services, Encouraging Citizen

Participation in the Decision-Making Process and Making Government More Accountable,

Transparent and Effective (http://portal.unesco.org)

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• A Consortium led by UNU/IIST Involving the Government of Macau, the University of Macau, etc.

• Development of E-Government Services in Macau

• Results to be Shared with Institutions in Developing Countries

• Other Outcomes : Standard Open-Source Packages

E-MACAU PROJECTE-MACAU PROJECT

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• ICT Increase Citizen Awareness and Mobilization (First E-Revolution in the Philippines according to J. Court, the World Governance Survey Project Co-Coordinator)

• ICT and Electoral Processes

POLITICAL PROCESSESPOLITICAL PROCESSES

“ If they Convene the Electorate for the Presidential Elections Without the

Computerization of Electoral Registers, we Will Intensify Demonstration all over the Countries to

make Sure that the Election does not hold ” (Opposition Leaders in Some African Countries)

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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

How ICT can Impact the Economy :- Increase Productivity and Growth- Boost international trade of Goods and Services- Catalyze Labour Markets and Employment

Contribution to the Achievement of some MDGs1. Eradication of Poverty and Hunger

2. Education

3. Health

4. Environment Sustainability

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• Eradication of Poverty and Hunger– Greater Efficiency (Rural Farmers, India, …)– Employment (Call-Box Cameroon)

• Education– Emphasizing the Importance of Education in some areas– Efficient Administration (Senegal)– Online Documentation and E-Learning

• Global Virtual University (UNU)• African Virtual University (Worlf Bank)• “ Campus Numérique ” (Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie)

POVERTY REDUCTION – EDUCATIONPOVERTY REDUCTION – EDUCATION

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• Health– Remote Health Care Services– Training and Networking of Health Workers– Diseases Monitoring and Management of Health Systems

• Environment– Critical Tools for Observation and Monitoring of

Environmental Processes (Fire, Rainfall, Wind, etc.)– Mathematical Analysis and Computer Simulation– New tools for Automatic Data Collection (Sensor Networks)

HEALTH – ENVIRONMENTHEALTH – ENVIRONMENT

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

• Possible Obstacles– Unsufficient Mastering - Digital Divide

• Threats– Criminal Use - Volatility

Despite the Above Obstables and Threats, “ People-Oriented, Inclusive and Development-Oriented Information Society can Enable Individuals, Communities and Peoples to Achieve Their Full Potential in Promoting Peace, Good Governance and Sustainable Development ” (WSIS Geneva 2003)

Equipment ($ 100) :Table, Cell phone, Umbrella

Call-Box