Global Warming &

Climate Change

Presented by: Rabeendra Basnet

Global Warming

• Gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and its oceans.

• The average temperature of the Earth has risen between 0.4 and 0.8 °C over the past 100 years.

• Global warming research have recently predicted that average global temperatures could increase between 1.4 and 5.8 °C by the year 2100.

Greenhouse Effect

Causes of Global Warming • Burning fossils fuels

– (Coal/Crude oil)

• Power plants

– (Generate Electricity)

• Transportation

– (Eg: LPG, Kerosene, fuel oil)

• Industrial Processes

– (Eg manufacture of cement, steel, aluminum, waste management )

Climate Change

• Climate System is governed by numerous interaction between closed loop system, Modification of one aspect of these systems, such as carbon dioxide can influence the overall climate system and lead the change.

• Weather refers to the changes taking place in

• the atmosphere at present at present over short periods of time – science of meteorology

• Climate defines the tendency of the weather over long period of time- the science of climatology

• Increase in Greenhouse gasses by: – By human activities (China 28 %, US 16% of all CO2 emissions).

Leads to seriousness of global warming : Temperature differences (since 1979)- Warming Troposphere , Cooling Stratosphere

Global Temperature 1.4°F since 1880 – Warming (1-3 0C ) part North America, Eurasia

– Cooling part (1-3 0C ) part South-eastern part of US and others)

• Carbon Dioxide 403.19 parts per million, highest level in 650,000 years

• Nine of the 10 warmest years on record have occurred since 2000

• Arctic Ice Minimum 13.4 percent per decade

• In 2012, Arctic summer sea ice shrank to the lowest extent on record

• Land Ice 287.0 billion metric tons per year

• Greenland ice loss doubled between 1996 and 2005

• Global average sea level has risen nearly 7" (178 mm) over the past 100 years

Sea Level 3.42 mm per year

Effects of Climate Change • Direct Temperature effect

– Increase in average temperature

– More extreme heat waves during the summer; less extreme cold spells during the winter

– Harmful to those heart problems, asthma, the elderly, the very young and homeless

• Extreme Events

– Heat waves; Cold waves; Storms; Floods and Droughts

Global warming increases in the frequency of extreme events which eventually related to deaths, injury, and stress related disorders

Effects of Climate Change

• Climate Sensitive Disease

– Increase the risk of some infectious disease (such as : Cholera, Malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, encephalitis etc)

• Air Quality

– An increase in the concentration of ground level ozone

– Damage lung tissue

– Harmful for those asthma and other Chronic disease

Effects of Climate Change

• Food Supply

– Rising temperatures and variable precipitation

– Decrease the production of staple foods in many of the poorest regions

– Increase the risks of malnutrition

• Population displacement

– Rising sea levels

– Increase the risk of coastal flooding

(More than half of world’s population lives within 60km of the sea

Effects of Climate Change

• UV Exposure

– Skin cancer (an abnormal growth of skin tissues)

–Premature aging (make the skin thick, wrinkled and leathery)

– Eye damages (cataracts, degeneration of yellow spot, skin cancer around eyes etc)

– Suppression if Immunity (Over exposure of UV radiation and UV-B radiation suppresses and weakens body immunity system)

Measures of Controlling the problem • Government laws to limit the production of

pollutants

• Develop skills of using renewable fuels (eg solar and wind energy)

• Discourage and replace the use of fossil fuel

• Carry out energy saving scheme

• Build more plans (reduce the pollutants CO2)

• Reduce , Reuse and recycle culture

• Plantation, forestation.

Referring sources

• http://www.livescience.com/topics/glob

al-warming/

• https://www.nrdc.org/stories/global-

warming-101

• http://www.slideshare.net/

• http://climate.nasa.gov/

Thank You!