global warming and renewable energy

MEMBERS:

JUAREZ DELGADO JULIO CESAR

LUIS SANABRIA DAFNE JACQUELINE

PONCE GUERRERO MARIA ELENA

SEBASTIAN RIVERA DANIEL

INTRODUCTION

This work deals with the constant effect that greenhouse gasesemissions have contributed to Global Warming and it helps toawareness about what our planet is happening.But we don’t pretend to stop it, cause that’s impossible. GlobalWarming have been a natural process since the past but in theselast years humans activities have increased it.Since the Industrial Revolution began around 1750, humanactivities have contributed substantially to climate change byadding CO2 and other heat-trapping gases to the atmosphere.These greenhouse gas emissions have increased the greenhouseeffect and caused Earth’s surface temperature to rise. Theprimary human activity affecting the amount and rate of climatechange is greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossilfuels.And that’s why is important to minimize this effect as much aspossible with this new renewable energy.It is up to us to save the planet where we are living.

Global Warming is the increase ofEarth's average surfacetemperature due to effect ofgreenhouse gases, such as carbondioxide emissions from burningfossil fuels or fromdeforestation, which trap heat thatwould otherwise escape fromEarth.

This is a type of greenhouse effect.

However, greenhouse gasemissions have increasedespecially since theIndustrial Revolutionbegan around 1750. Therecent warming trendreflects its impacts.

The rising temperaturespresent a huge threat toour ice-caps.

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/scostep-globwarming.pdf





Carbon dioxide and other air pollution that is collectingin the atmosphere like a thickening blanket, trapping thesun's heat and causing the planet to warm up.

Coal-burning power plants are the largest U.S. source ofcarbon dioxide pollution -- they produce 2.5 billion tonsevery year. Automobiles, the second largest source, createnearly 1.5 billion tons of CO2 annually.

Energy from the sun drives the earth’s weather andclimate, and heats the earth’s surface;

In turn, the earth radiates energy back into space;

Some atmospheric gases (water vapor, carbondioxide, and other gases) trap some of the outgoingenergy, retaining heat somewhat like the glass panels of agreenhouse;

These gases are therefore known as greenhouse gases;

The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature on Earthas certain gases in the atmosphere trap energy.

Global warming is a complexphenomenon, and its full-scale impacts are hard topredict far in advance. Buteach year scientists learnmore about how globalwarming is affecting theplanet, and many agree thatcertain consequences arelikely to occur if currenttrends continue.

Among these:

Melting glaciers, early snowmelt and severe droughts will causemore dramatic water shortages in the American West.

Rising sea levels will lead to coastal flooding on the Eastern seaboard, in Florida, and in other areas, such as the Gulf of

Mexico.

Warmer sea surface temperatures will fuel more intensehurricanes in the southeastern Atlantic and Gulf coasts.

Forests, farms and cities will face troublesome new pestsand more mosquito-borne diseases.

Disruption of habitats such as coral reefs and alpinemeadows could drive many plant and animal species toextinction.

• Global warming is already underway with

consequences that must be faced today as well as

tomorrow.

• Evidence of changes to theEarth's physical, chemical

and biological processes is now evident on every

continent.

• Effects such as changes in temperatures and rainfall

patterns that alter plant and animal behavior and

have significant implications for humans.

We can divide the global warming effects in different

categories. For instance, in this work will group the

effects in five main categories:

• Freshwater

• Oceans

• Ecosystems

• Temperature

• And finally, Effects on People

Effects of Global Warming

FRESHWATER

Extreme Wet and Extreme Dry

A warmer climate spurs the evaporation of water from land and sea and

allows the atmosphere to hold more moisture—thus setting the stage for

more extreme precipitation.

• Northern Scandinavia and South and North Korea recorded precipitation

increases of 3-15 percent per decade between 1979 and 2005.

• In the U.S. Northeast, the number of days with very heavy precipitation

rose by 58 percent over the last 50 years.

Yet even as rainfall occurs in heavier events, the periods between these

extremes are likely to become longer, warmer, and drier. In conclusion: Wet

places tend to get wetter (and dry places tend to get drier).


FRESHWATER

Extreme Wet and Extreme Dry

In dry areas, the Global warming is expressed in two ways:

• Increased drought in dry areas. Precipitation has declined in the

tropics and subtropics since 1970. Southern Africa, the Sahel region

of Africa, southern Asia, the Mediterranean, and the U.S.

Southwest, for example, are getting drier.

• Expansion of dry areas. Scientists expect the amount of land

affected by drought to grow by mid-century—and water resources in

affected areas to decline as much as 30 percent.


OCEANS

Sea Ice and Sea Level

Higher temperature derives in shrinking land ice, such as mountain glaciers and

polar ice sheets; it is releasing water into the oceans rising the sea level.

Why is it important? How does it affect us?

Well, around 40% of world’s population lives in coastal areas. So, higher level of

the sea has an economical impact because reduces beaches and affect

properties in this areas.

But, more dangerous is the fact that rise of sea level affects our natural

protections (example: barrier islands) against natural catastrophes such as

storms, hurricanes, tsunamis, etc.

All of this is too dangerous to people and coast infrastructure.

Effects of Global WarmingECOSYSTEMS

Lakes and Rivers

Global Warming produce problems in the Freshwater supply drying lakes and

rivers. This affects to animals and plants living there and derives in effects such as:

•Displacement of species (rise of water temperature makes that species like

fishes moving to colder waters).

•Dead zones (higher temperatures affects the normal level of oxygen in the water).

•Reproduction (rising amounts of precipitation that falls as rain rather than

snow, and more severe and frequent flooding affect the reproduction of aquatic

species like salmon).


TEMPERATURE

Air

Rising air temperatures bring heat waves, spread disease, shift plant and

animal habitat and cause extreme weather events, from drought to

blizzards.

Over the last 50 years, the number of cold days and record low

temperatures in various locations has declined, while the number of hot

days and heat waves has risen most places worldwide.

The best projections show that average global temperatures are likely to

increase 3.1-7.2 F (1.8-4.0 C) by the end of the century depending on

the amount of carbon emissions.


TEMPERATURE

Oceans and Freshwater

How we know, warmer oceans put coastal communities at risk, increase

infrastructure costs, endanger polar creatures and threaten coral reefs and

fisheries. Perhaps most alarmingly, rising ocean temperatures accelerate

the overall warming trend.

Not only are ocean surface waters getting warmer, but so is water 1,500 feet

below the surface. These increases in temperature lie well outside the

bounds of natural variation.

Scientists also know that freshwater temperatures are rising because warm-

water species are moving into areas that were formerly too cold, while cool-

and cold-water species are likewise on the move.


TEMPERATURE

Ground

As permafrost (frozen ground) thaws, it releases heat-trapping gases into the

atmosphere, which accelerates global warming. It also alters local

ecosystems and destabilizes infrastructure, necessitating costly repairs.

Permafrost is very sensitive to direct changes in air temperature and snow

cover, making it especially vulnerable to global warming.

And as permafrost thaws, it can release both carbon dioxide and methane

from carbon often stored in soil for thousands of years.

The thawing of permafrost in northern forests could completely alter local

ecosystems. Existing thawing is already destabilizing the human

infrastructure, which require frequent repair.


PEOPLE

Health

As our climate changes, the risk of injury, illness, and death from the

resulting heat waves, wildfires, intense storms, and floods rises.

Extreme heat can be a killer especially when combined with high relative

humidity.

Changing precipitation patterns and prolonged heat can create drought,

which can cause forest and peat fires, putting residents and firefighters in

danger.

Another effect is the smog. Higher air temperatures increase smog, creating

problems to people’s health.


PEOPLE

Food

Climate-related threats to global food production include risks to

grain, vegetable, and fruit crops, livestock, and fisheries.

Global warming alters seasonal rainfall patterns delaying planting and

harvesting and creating scarcity of some foods (affecting their prices, too).

Higher temperatures decrease productivity of ground. In other hand, increase

pests because insect and plant pests may survive or even reproduce more

often each year if cold winters no longer keep them in check.


PEOPLE

Economic Effects

Climate change also has important economic effects on people. Scientists

and economists are beginning to grapple with the serious economic and

environmental consequences if we fail to reduce global carbon emissions

quickly and deeply. The most expensive thing we can do is nothing.

Damage to property and infrastructure. Sea-level

rise, floods, droughts, wildfires, and extreme storms require extensive repair

of essential infrastructure such as homes, roads, bridges, railroad

tracks, airport runways, power lines, dams, levees, and seawalls. All of this

requires money, many money.


PEOPLE

Economic Effects

Lost productivity. Disruptions in daily life related to climate change can

mean lost work and school days and harm

trade, transportation, agriculture, fisheries, energy production, and

tourism, creating difficulties to people to make daily economic activities.

One effect too severous of climate change are the «climate refugees»—

people who are forced to leave their homes because of drought, flooding, or

other climate-related disasters.

“CLEAN ENERGY”

Most of our electricity comes from power stations that use fossilfuels like coal and oil.

The power stations burn the fossil fuels to make our electricity andin that process a LOT of greenhouse gas is made, including carbondioxide and methane. This is why they are called dirty sources ofenergy.

It is the greenhouse gases that are causing the Earth'satmosphere to warm, which scientists tell us willcause the climate to change. It is understood that thiswill cause more extreme weather, the spread ofdiseases and threaten the habitat of all living things.

Coal, oil and gas are non-renewable sources ofenergy because we can only use what is availableand once they have been used up, that's it!

We have already found ways to tap into the energyof the sun, wind, waves and water, amongst otherthings.

These sources of energy produce only very smallamounts of greenhouse gas once operating, if any atall - now that's clean!

They are also renewable which means they can beused over and over again.

There are many forms of renewable energy . Most of theserenewable energies depend in one way or another on sunlight. Windand hydroelectric power are the direct result of differential heating ofthe Earth's surface which leads to air moving about (wind) andprecipitation forming as the air is lifted. Solar energy is the directconversion of sunlight using panels or collectors.

Biomass energy is stored sunlight contained in plants. Otherrenewable energies that do not depend on sunlight are geothermalenergy, which is a result of radioactive decay in the crust combinedwith the original heat of accreting the Earth, and tidal energy, which isa conversion of gravitational energy.

The main and primary reason for using clean energiesis because we need to stop the greenhouse gasemitting. It affects the planet earth with the globalwarming that in this last 60 years have beenincreasing too fast.

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

USA is already using “Clean Energy” and these are the results:

Arkansas’ Clean Energy Resource Potential, Energy Advantages, and Environmental Benefits

Developing and deploying new low-carbon and zero-carbon technologies

Research into and development of the next generation of low-carbon technologies will be critical to deep mid-century reductions in

global emissions.

Current research on battery technology, new materials for solar cells, harnessing energy from novel sources like bacteria

and algae, and other innovative areas could provide important breakthroughs.

The world is temporarily affected by hot and cold climateperiods. The industrial revolution which started in 1875changed weather conditions. The world has a tendencyto warm up.

The industrialization and the increasing populationdensity are forcing governments to consume more fossilfuels and are affecting the artificial greenhouse gases'fluctuation.Even if the usage of fossil fuels could beprohibited, greenhouse gases extant in the atmosphereare going to remain for hundred years.

The emission of greenhouse gases can't be stopped, butsome precautions must be taken.

CONCLUSION:

Bibliography http://www.nrdc.org/globalwarming/f101.asp

http://solarwindgreenenergy.blogspot.mx/2011/10/top-5-global-warming-solutions.html

http://www.nmsea.org/Curriculum/Primer/Global_Warming/fossil_fuels_and_global_warming.htm

http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/

http://www.globalissues.org/article/233/climate-change-and-global-warming-introduction

http://www.nrdc.org/globalwarming/f101.asp


































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